Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « 3D aquifer modelling »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "3D aquifer modelling"
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De Paoli, Caroline, Thierry Duren, Estelle Petitclerc, Mathieu Agniel et Alain Dassargues. « Modelling Interactions between Three Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) Systems in Brussels (Belgium) ». Applied Sciences 13, no 5 (24 février 2023) : 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052934.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Shallow open-loop geothermal systems function by creating heat and cold reserves in an aquifer, via doublets of pumping and reinjection wells. Three adjacent buildings in the center of Brussels have adopted this type of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system. Two of them exploit the same aquifer consisting of Cenozoic sands, and started operation in 2014 and 2017, respectively. A previous hydrogeological model developed by Bulté et al. (2021) has shown how the thermal imbalance of one of the systems jeopardizes the thermal state of this upper aquifer. Here, the interactions with a more recent third ATES system located in the deep aquifer of the Palaeozoic bedrock are studied and modelled. After being calibrated on groundwater flow conditions in both aquifers, a 3D hydrogeological model was used to simulate the cumulative effect of the three geothermal installations in the two exploited aquifers. The results of the simulations showed that although the hydraulic interactions between the two aquifers are very weak (as shown by the different observed potentiometric heads), heat exchanges occur between the two aquifers through the aquitard. Fortunately, these heat exchanges are not sufficient to have a significant impact on the efficiency of the individual geothermal systems. Additionally, this study shows clearly that adding a third system in the lower aquifer with a mean power of 286 kW for heating between October and March and an equivalent mean cooling power between April and September is efficient.
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Subedi, B., T. Kitaoka et J. Kiyono. « 3D stratigraphic modelling of the Bangkok basin using Kriging on borehole data ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 851, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012014.
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Abstract The Lower Central Plain of Thailand has a deep and highly irregular basement filled with complex layers of alluvial sandy soil and deltaic clay or silt. The Bangkok Metropolitan region with its high level of infrastructure development is located in this plain. With high population density, the problem of land subsidence is critical. This study uses borehole data and the Kriging method to interpolate the data. A detailed 3D stratigraphic model of the basin is presented and several cross sections along two directions. Seventeen layers and the points used for modelling each layer are presented. The model shows eight aquifers in the Bangkok basin, lying between eight layers of clay, and a bottom layer above the basement. The bottom of the lowest aquifer of the Bangkok aquifer system is 610 m deep. The basement extends down to a depth of more than 2000 m in some places. Our 3D model, which extends to the basement, is of interest for mining and site-specific seismic risk analysis. Moreover, our results can be very useful for groundwater and land subsidence studies.
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Preziosi, Elisabetta, Nicolas Guyennon, Anna Bruna Petrangeli, Emanuele Romano et Cristina Di Salvo. « A Stepwise Modelling Approach to Identifying Structural Features That Control Groundwater Flow in a Folded Carbonate Aquifer System ». Water 14, no 16 (11 août 2022) : 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162475.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper concerns a stepwise modelling procedure for groundwater flow simulation in a folded and faulted, multilayer carbonate aquifer, which constitutes a source of good quality water for human consumption in the Apennine Range in Central Italy. A perennial river acts as the main natural drain for groundwater while sustaining valuable water-related ecosystems. The spatial distribution of recharge was estimated using the Thornthwaite–Mather method on 60 years of climate data. The system was conceptualized as three main aquifers separated by two locally discontinuous aquitards. Three numerical models were implemented by gradually adding complexity to the model grid: single layer (2D), three layers (quasi-3D) and five layers (fully 3D), using an equivalent porous medium approach, in order to find the best solution with a parsimonious model setting. To overcome dry-cell problems in the fully 3D model, the Newton–Raphson formulation for MODFLOW-2005 was invoked. The calibration results show that a fully 3D model was required to match the observed distribution of aquifer outflow to the river baseflow. The numerical model demonstrated the major impact of folded and faulted geological structures on controlling the flow dynamics in terms of flow direction, water heads and the spatial distribution of the outflows to the river and springs.
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Bonì, Roberta, Claudia Meisina, Pietro Teatini, Francesco Zucca, Claudia Zoccarato, Andrea Franceschini, Pablo Ezquerro et al. « 3D groundwater flow and deformation modelling of Madrid aquifer ». Journal of Hydrology 585 (juin 2020) : 124773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124773.
Texte intégral
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Gumbricht, T., et R. Thunvik. « 3D Hydrogeological Modelling with an Expert GIS Interface ». Hydrology Research 28, no 4-5 (1 août 1997) : 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.27.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Geographical Information Systems provide a powerful tool for creating three-dimensional (3D) datasets for sophisticated hydrogeological models. The article describes a GIS with an expert system interface developed for generating 3D hydrogeological frameworks. The system integrates 2D images of elevation and geology and vertical profile data. Application of the expert GIS to a complex aquifer in South Eastern Sweden is described.
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Naranjo-Fernández, Nuria, Carolina Guardiola-Albert et Esperanza Montero-González. « Applying 3D Geostatistical Simulation to Improve the Groundwater Management Modelling of Sedimentary Aquifers : The Case of Doñana (Southwest Spain) ». Water 11, no 1 (26 décembre 2018) : 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010039.
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Mathematical groundwater modelling with homogeneous permeability zones has been used for decades to manage water resources in the Almonte-Marismas aquifer (southwest Spain). This is a highly heterogeneous detrital aquifer which supports valuable ecological systems in the Doñana National Park. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to better characterize this heterogeneity by numerical discretization of the geophysical and lithological data available. We identified six hydrofacies whose spatial characteristics were quantified with indicator variogram modelling. Sequential Indicator Simulation then made it possible to construct a 3D geological model. Finally, this detailed model was included in MODFLOW through the Model Muse interface. This final process is still a challenge due to the difficulty of downscaling to a handy numerical modelling scale. New piezometric surfaces and water budgets were obtained. The classical model with zones and the model with 3D simulation were compared to confirm that, for management purposes, the effort of improving the geological heterogeneities is worthwhile. This paper also highlights the relevance of including subsurface heterogeneities within a real groundwater management model in the present global change scenario.
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Proietti, Giampaolo, Marko Cvetković, Bruno Saftić, Alessia Conti, Valentina Romano et Sabina Bigi. « 3D modelling and capacity estimation of potential targets for CO2 storage in the Adriatic Sea, Italy ». Petroleum Geoscience 28, no 1 (12 octobre 2021) : petgeo2020–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-117.
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One of the most innovative and effective technologies developed in recent decades for reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere is carbon capture and storage (CCS). It consists of capture, transport and injection of CO2 produced by energy production plants or other industries. The injection takes place in deep geological formations with the suitable geometrical and petrophysical characteristics to trap CO2 permanently in the subsurface, which is called geological storage. In the development process of a potential geological storage site, correct capacity estimation of the injectable volumes of CO2 is one of the most important aspects. There are various approaches to estimate CO2 storage capacities for potential traps, including geometrical equations, dynamic modelling, numerical modelling and 3D modelling. In this work, the generation of 3D petrophysical models and equations for calculation of the storage volumes are used to estimate the effective storage capacity of four potential saline aquifers in the Adriatic Sea offshore. The results show how different saline aquifers, with different lithologies at favourable depths, can host a reasonable amount of CO2, which will require further and more detailed feasibility studies for each of these structures. A detailed analysis is carried out for each saline aquifer identified, varying the parameters of each structure identified and adapting them for a realistic estimate of potential geological storage capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage
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Li, Yueting, Matteo Frigo, Yan Zhang, Lin Zhu, Massimiliano Ferronato, Carlo Janna, Xulong Gong, Jun Yu, Pietro Teatini et Shujun Ye. « A New Software to Model Earth Fissure Caused by Extensive Aquifer Exploitation and its Application to the Guangming Village Case, China ». Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (22 avril 2020) : 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-511-2020.
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Abstract. Earth fissures accompanying anthropogenic land subsidence due to excessive aquifer exploitation create significant geohazards in China. Numerical models represent a unique scientific approach to predict the generation and development of earth fissures. However, the common geomechanical simulators fail to reproduce fissure development because they cannot be effectively applied in discontinuous mechanics. An innovative modelling approach developed recently is applied to develop a software to simulate fissure development. The pressure changes are used as forcing factors in a 3D geomechanical model, which combines Finite Elements and Interface Elements to simulate the deformation of the continuous aquifer system and the generation and sliding/opening of earth fissures. The approach has been applied to simulate the earth fissures at Guangming Village in Wuxi, China with land subsidence of more than 1 m caused by the overexploitation of the second confined aquifer. The modelling results highlight that the earth fissures at Guangming Village have been caused by tension and shear stresses. Based on the developed modelling approach and the application case study, a software platform is developed to provide a fast preliminary evaluation of the risk of fissure occurrence associated to land subsidence. The software allows for the simulation of a simplified 2D conceptual geologic model of earth fissures, which can be used to investigate how the main factors controlling the geomechanical response of the aquifer system, such as pressure changes, geometry of aquifer system, geomechanical properties, and depth of bedrock/fault etc.
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Drouiller, Yvon, Franck Hanot, Eric Gillot, Jean-Charles Ferran et Loic Michel. « 3D seismic for design and derisking of dual geothermal boreholes in sedimentary sequences and new prospects in the Paris Basin (Adapted methodology using petroleum industry techniques) ». Oil & ; Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of existing geological and structural maps, previous 2D seismic profiles, boreholes and correlation models between these data is sufficient to understand basin structure and thermal systems on a regional scale. However, this is not sufficient on a scale of a geothermal site to be sure of the hydraulic connectivity (or of the presence of a permeability barrier) between two boreholes 1.5 or 2 km apart. To ensure that there is enough hydraulic connectivity, it i s necessary to understand the controls on the network of fractures which affects the aquifer (fracture permeability) and the physical properties of the rock, namely the porosity and clay content in order to obtain a matrix permeability. The latest generation of broadband (six octaves) 3D seismic reflection will provide the following information: the similarity attribute will give an accurate structural map of the fault network at the seismic resolution and, in many cases, at a higher resolution than seismic; seismic velocity anisotropy analysis techniques will make it possible to visualize a 3D volume of information on the fracture network [Michel et al. (2013) Application of Azimuthal Seismic Inversion for Shale Gas Reservoir – Proceedings of the 11th SEGJ International Symposium, Yokohama]; acoustic impedance inversion or petrophysical inversion techniques will predict the porosity throughout the whole volume of the aquifer from a porosity log recorded in a pilot-hole. It allows a real 3D mapping of predicted porosity inside the aquifer much more reliably than from modelling alone. These seismic techniques were initially developed for petroleum exploration and development. They have rapidly progressed throughout the last decade, both in acquisition, processing and interpretation with new methodologies and high-performance softwares. They are efficient for modelling reservoirs to be produced. And, consequently, they can be used for geothermal applications as data to design dual deviated drillings with horizontal drains in carbonate and clastic reservoirs – not only for new projects, but also to revisit old ones to improve their performance or develop another reservoir. Broadband 3D seismic will secure the exploration of Triassic sandstones which stay an interesting prospect for deep geothermal projects. New prospects are proposed in the Paris Basin: Regional faults overlap the substratum. Inside faulted zones, hydrothermal circulations arriving by convection at the top of granitic basement could be geothermal objectives, as in the Alsace Upper Rhine Graben. A production pilot site is suggested to test superimposed aquifers and a regional fault and, at the same time, two different architectures of boreholes doublets: horizontal drains for aquifers and deviated wells for crossing a regional fault. The first site that will use this approach could be instrumented and used as an experiment with a small addition of measurements and sensors, thus becoming a showcase for geothermal energy in France. The objective of this experiment would be to determine the transit time, the heating time of the re-injected water and the circulation speed to define the optimal direction, spacing and length of drains, and also, to realize the thermal modelling of the site for different options.
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Smerdon, B. D., C. A. Mendoza et A. M. McCann. « Quantitative investigations of the hydraulic connection between a large reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no 5 (1 octobre 2005) : 1461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Quantitative investigations, including two aquifer tests and development of a three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model, were required to determine the hydraulic connection between an irrigation reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta. Evidence of seepage was detected in the buried valley aquifer 10 km east of the Pine Coulee reservoir at the onset of filling in 1999, when the reservoir level exceeded an elevation of 1035 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Concern for an increase in the local water table and the creation of artesian conditions in the aquifer prompted this study to determine the approximate location of a seepage window that appeared to be connecting the reservoir and aquifer. Observations of hydraulic head in the aquifer during the pumping tests revealed a barrier boundary when the reservoir level was at an elevation of 1035 m a.s.l. and a recharge boundary condition when the elevation exceeded 1039 m a.s.l. These data were used to calibrate a 3D groundwater flow model, which was needed to determine the hydraulic properties and approximate location of the leakage zone. The quantitative investigation showed that seepage likely occurred through the sideslopes of the flooded coulee, rather than through the low-permeability coulee floor sediments or the embankment dam. Further simulations illustrated the expected seepage rates at various reservoir supply levels and the pumping rates required for relief wells installed in the buried valley aquifer to maintain historic aquifer hydraulic head. A brief postanalysis indicated that the forecasted pumping rates were only 15% lower than have been required to maintain preconstruction water levels in the buried valley aquifer.Key words: dams, seepage analysis, groundwater modelling, buried valley aquifer, pumping test.
Thèses sur le sujet "3D aquifer modelling"
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SARTIRANA, DAVIDE. « Integrating numerical modelling and 3D Open Data databases for groundwater management in Milan Metropolitan City ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403720.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le città sono ambienti complessi, dove una moltitudine di elementi interagiscono. Un cambiamento del paradigma verso il raggiungimento di obiettivi di sostenibilità, come il limite del consumo di suolo, sta determinando un maggiore utilizzo del sottosuolo, abbandonando così lo sviluppo urbano in senso orizzontale. Ciò si traduce in una crescente interazione tra la falda e le infrastrutture sotterranee. Pertanto, è ragionevole pensare che nei prossimi anni un enorme sforzo sarà dedicato alla ricerca idrogeologica in aree urbane. Tra le città che nel mondo sono state colpite da questo problema, la città di Milano (Nord Italia, Regione Lombardia) ha registrato un forte aumento del livello piezometrico negli ultimi decenni, che hanno portato ad episodi di infiltrazione per diverse categorie di infrastrutture sotterranee. Considerando che è già stato pianificato un futuro sviluppo del sottosuolo, ciò evidenzia l'importanza di adottare strategie integrate nel quadro sia dello sviluppo sotterraneo che della gestione della falda.
All'interno di questo schema generale, il presente progetto di dottorato è stato suddiviso in tre parti, per fornire una definizione dettagliata del modello concettuale urbano per la città di Milano, che potrebbe svolgere un ruolo fondamentale per sostenere i processi decisionali nelle politiche di pianificazione urbana.
In particolare, la prima parte del progetto riguarda la ricostruzione di un Geodatabase 3D (3D GDB) per le infrastrutture sotterranee (UIs). Utilizzando banche dati di tipo Open come fonte principale, ma non unica, di informazioni, sono state catalogate all'interno del 3D GDB tre categorie di elementi del sottosuolo (parcheggi privati e pubblici, linee metropolitane). Queste informazioni sono state poi combinate con la ricostruzione della tavola d’acqua per condizioni di minimo e massimo idrogeologico per identificare le aree in cui le UIs sono state sommerse dalla falda.
Nella seconda parte, sono state applicate tecniche data-driven per analizzare le serie storiche della falda freatica, occupata dagli UI. Sono state utilizzate tecniche statistiche e geo spaziali per raggiungere una migliore comprensione del sistema idrogeologico, individuando le principali variabili che regolano il livello piezometrico. Di conseguenza, sono state identificate quattro aree di gestione che possano fungere da future unità territoriali, definendo specifiche strategie di gestione della falda in relazione alle UIs.
Nella terza parte, è stato implementato un modello numerico su scala locale per la parte occidentale della città, al fine di valutare ulteriormente le interazioni tra falda e infrastrutture sotterranee. In particolare, sono state quantificate le infiltrazioni della falda nelle UIs, portando ad una migliore definizione del modello concettuale urbano. Il modello numerico è stato sviluppato utilizzando MODFLOW-USG, adottando il pacchetto HFB, supportato dal pacchetto DRAIN per modellare le infrastrutture sotterranee.
I risultati di questo progetto hanno evidenziato come la combinazione di questi diversi strumenti potrebbe essere utile per gestire le interazioni tra la falda e le infrastrutture sotterranee e per sostenere i decisori nella gestione delle acque sotterranee in ambito urbano. In questo modo, potrebbero essere adottate strategie adeguate per progettare in modo sostenibile il futuro sviluppo del sottosuolo della città.Cities are intricate areas, where a multitude of elements interact. A change in the paradigm towards sustainability goals, as the limit of soil consumption, is determining a greater use of the subsurface, thus abandoning the urban horizontal sprawl. This results in increasing interactions between groundwater and the underground infrastructures. Thus, it is reasonable to think that in the next years a huge effort will be allocated to research in urban hydrogeology. Among the cities that worldwide have been affected by this issue, the city of Milan (Northern Italy, Lombardy Region) experienced a strong groundwater table rise in the last decades, leading to flooding episodes for different categories of underground infrastructures. Considering that a future subsurface development has been already planned, this highlights the importance of adopting integrated strategies in the framework of both underground development and groundwater management. Within this general scheme, the present PhD project has been divided into three parts, to provide a detailed definition of the urban conceptual model for the city of Milan, that could play a pivotal role and support decision-making processes in urban planning policies. More specifically, the first part of the project deals with the reconstruction of a 3D Geodatabase (3D GDB) for urban underground infrastructures (UIs). Using Open Data databases as the primary, but not unique source of information, three categories of subsurface elements (private and public car parks, subway lines) have been gathered within the 3D GDB. This information has been then combined with groundwater table reconstructions of groundwater minimum and maximum conditions to identify the areas where the UIs were submerged by the water table. In the second part, data-driven techniques have been applied to analyse groundwater time-series of the shallow aquifer, occupied by the UIs. Statistical and geospatial techniques were used to reach a better understanding of the hydrogeologic system, pinpointing the main potential variables influencing the water table levels. Consequently, four management areas have been identified to act as future geographic units, defining specific groundwater management strategies in relation to UIs. In the third part, a local scale numerical model was implemented for the western part of the city to further evaluate groundwater/underground infrastructures interactions. In particular, groundwater infiltrations into UIs were quantified, leading to a better definition of the urban conceptual model. The numerical model was developed using MODFLOW-USG, and adopting the HFB package, supported by the DRAIN package to model the UIs. The results of this project pointed out that the combination of these different tools could be beneficial to manage the interactions between groundwater and the underground infrastructures and to support the decision makers in urban groundwater management. In this way, proper strategies could be adopted to sustainably design the future subsurface development of the city.
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ROTIROTI, MARCO. « Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of As, Fe, Mn rich groundwater of the multi-layer aquifer in the lower Po Plain, Lombardy region (northern Italy) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study concerns the analysis of the hydrogeology and the hydrogeochemistry of the As, Fe, Mn rich groundwater of the alluvial multi-layer aquifer in the lower Po Plain (northern Italy), referring specifically to the territory of Cremona. The main aim is to understand the origins (natural or anthropic) and mechanisms of the high groundwater As, Fe and Mn concentrations.
The specific study area is located near the confluence between Adda and Po rivers. It covers a 50 km2 wide area around the urban territory of Cremona. The considered aquifer depths are around 200-250 m.
The applied methodology involves the (a) collection of historical data related to water quality, water levels and well logs; (b) storage of collected data in specific databases and geographical information systems; (c) design and execution of two field surveys of water levels and water quality, realized in July 2010 and July 2012; (d) construction of a 3D model of aquifer hydrogeological properties (deposits texture, hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity), built by means of ordinary kriging interpolation of numerical values derived from the coding of well logs; (e) analysis of the hydrodynamic properties of the system; (f) analysis of water quality data (both field and historical data) considering the hydrogeological and hydrodynamic properties of the aquifer system; (g) implementation of a 1D reactive transport model in order to better understand the hydrogeochemical mechanisms in the system; (h) elaboration of a general hydrogeochemical conceptual model concerning possible origins and chemical mechanisms for the high groundwater As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations, considering also possible anthropogenic influences; (i) development of management tools, as natural background levels derivation, supporting groundwater resources protection by public authorities.
The 3D aquifer modelling underlines the presence of an alternation of sandy layers (K = 10-3-10-5 m/s) and silty-clayey layers (K = 10-7-10-8 m/s) with significant peat deposits and leads to the identification of 5 aquifer units. In relation to the hydrodynamic properties analysis, these 5 units are classified as (1) phreatic (F), from 0 to 25 m b.s., (2) semi-confined (S) from 30 to 50 m b.s., (3) confined 1 (C1) from 65 to 85 m b.s., (4) confined 2 (C2) from 100 to 150 m b.s. and (5) confined 3 (C3) from 160 to 250 m b.s.. The aquifer F can locally have semi-confined characteristic due to the presence of superficial silty-clayey deposits, while in the other zones it remains phreatic.
The analysis of field and historical data of water quality underlines the general presence of reduced hydrochemical facies, characterized by high concentration of As, Fe, Mn and NH4, with the exception of the zones with phreatic conditions in aquifer F, where oxidized facies are identified. In particular, the survey of July 2010 points out high As concentrations (ranging from 1 to 180 μg/L), especially in the 30-100 m depth range, corresponding to aquifers S and C1. High concentrations of Fe and Mn are also found, they range from 100 to 6000 μg/L and from 10 to 1200 μg/L, respectively. The higher concentrations are found in superficial aquifers: in aquifer F for Mn and in aquifers F and S for Fe. NH4 is also found with high concentrations (1-5 mg/L, up to 18.9 mg/L) from aquifer S to C3. The measurements of July 2010 can represent the natural background of As, Fe, Mn and NH4 because no direct sources or indirect anthropogenic influences are found. The survey of July 2012 generally confirms the hydrochemical characterization based on July 2010 data. In the analysis of the hydrochemical historical data, a separation between the data referred to the natural background and to anthropogenic influences is done. Pollutions by hydrocarbons and organic matter in general can be considered as indirect human influences on As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations, as reported by previous studies. The analysis of historical chemical data referred to the natural background generally confirms the hydrochemical characterization emerged from the data of July 2010 survey. The analysis of historical data also points out a probable anthropogenic influence on As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations in two sites located in the study area: an oil refinery, affected by hydrocarbons pollution, and a municipal solid waste landfill, with probable organic leachate spills.
In order to understand the origin and the mechanisms of the high As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations, a hydrogeochemical conceptual model is implemented. The conceptual model considers the process of natural organic matter degradation (i.e. peat) as primary control factor on high As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations. Degradation of peat is associated with the consecutive reduction of O2, NO3-, Mn(IV), Fe(III), SO42-, CO2. The reductive dissolution of Mn and Fe oxides (contained in the aquifer sediments) leads to high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn, but also to high concentrations of dissolved As, which is generally sorbed on Mn and Fe oxides. Dissolved As concentration can be also lowered by different processes (co-precipitation of As in iron sulfides, precipitation of arsenic sulfides, sorption of As on the remaining Fe-oxides and Mn-oxides, etc.). NH4 is released from the degradation of organic nitrogen of peat. Therefore, a natural origin of As, Fe, Mn and NH4 can be assumed.
In order to understand if the hydrogeochemical conceptual model, based on literature, could be reliable on the present case study, a 1D reactive transport model, using PHREEQC code, is implemented. The modelled concentrations result in good agreement with the measured concentrations (July 2010). This result could support the validity of the conceptual model. In addiction, isotope and microbiological analysis, executed in the survey of July 2012, confirms the natural origin of NH4 and the occurring of Fe-oxide and sulfate reduction in the studied system.
In conclusion, the present work can contribute to understand origins and mechanisms of high groundwater As, Fe, Mn and NH4 concentrations in the lower Po Plain, supporting the management and protection of groundwater resources by public authorities.
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Portois, Clément. « Comportement de la mousse en milieu poreux pour confiner une source de pollution : potentialités, contraintes et démonstration en site réel ». Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La présence de Composés Organiques Halogénés Volatils (COHV) dans les eaux souterraines est particulièrement problématique car celle-ci peut les contaminer pendant des dizaines d’années. Le traitement de ces sites, dont les pollutions sont souvent mixtes et complexes, nécessite de développer des techniques fiables. Particulièrement dans le contexte d’un aquifère hétérogène, les techniques classiques souffrent du faible potentiel de balayage de la pollution par les agents remédiant. La génération de mousse in situ est une technique de dépollution innovante permettant de contrôler la mobilité de ces agents. La démarche générale du travail de thèse porte sur le développement de l’injection de mousse et son applicabilité dans le contexte d’un site industriel en activité contaminé par des solvants chlorés. L’originalité de ce travail porte sur l’utilisation de la mousse comme agent confinant (hydrauliquement) d’une zone source au sein même de l’usine. Le premier objectif de cette thèse consiste en la définition de l’origine de la pollution et des processus responsables du transport des composés dissous dans un système aquifère multicouche et hétérogène. Dans ce cadre, un modèle de transport en 3 dimensions a été développé et contraint à partir de données géologiques (structure 3D), hydrogéologiques (piézométrie, mesure de vitesse), et chimiques (solvant chlorés et ions majeurs). Cette combinaison d’approches a eu un impact réel sur la compréhension de la dynamique hydrogéologique du système souterrain présent au droit du site d’étude, et a permis de définir la zone d’injection de mousse. En parallèle des travaux de caractérisation du site, un travail expérimental en laboratoire a permis de définir les mécanismes à l’origine de la réduction de la perméabilité relative à l’eau par l’injection de mousse. Au travers d’une approche multi échelle, ces travaux ont notamment permis de (i) définir une formulation (concentrations en tensio-actifs et composition) et les paramètres d’injection (qualité de mousse, débit d’injection, mode d’injection) pour générer une mousse favorable à la réduction de la saturation en eau (colonne 1D). Cette baisse de saturation ayant conduit à une réduction de la perméabilité à l’eau d’un facteur supérieur à 100. (ii) D’estimer le comportement de la mousse le long d’un profil d’injection et son impact sur la réduction de la saturation en eau à quelques centimètres d’un point d’injection (pilote 2D décimétrique). (iii) De vérifier l’applicabilité en 3D du système d’injection développé et de suivre les évolutions de l’impact de la mousse dans un aquifère (essai sur un piézomètre réel). Enfin, un test d’injection de mousse en continu pendant 96h au droit de la zone source du site industriel contaminé a été réalisé. La réalisation d’un essai de pompage (post injection) au centre de la zone confinée, couplé à des mesures de flux de polluant (pré et post injection) et implémenté dans un modèle 2D, ont permis de mettre en évidence l’impact réel de la mousse sur un rayon supérieur à 2m avec une réduction du flux de polluant en aval hydraulique d’un facteur 4,5. Les différents travaux de laboratoire et de modélisation mettent en évidence les avancées et limites de la technique développée et permettent de proposer des voies d’améliorationThe presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in groundwater is particularly problematic because it can contaminate them for decades. The treatment of these sites, whose pollution is often mixed and complex, requires the development of reliable techniques. Particularly in the context of a heterogeneous aquifer, conventional techniques suffer from the low potential for pollution sweeping by remedying agents. In situ foam generation is an innovative technique to control the mobility of these agents. The general approach of the thesis concerns the development of foam injection and its applicability. in the context of an industrial site in activity contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The originality of this work concerns the use of foam as a confining agent (hydraulically) of a source zone within the plant itself. The first objective of this thesis is to define the origin of pollution and the processes responsible for the transport of dissolved compounds in a multilayered and heterogeneous aquifer system. In this context, a 3-dimensional transport model has been developed and constrained based on geological data (3D structure), hydrogeological data (piezometry, groundwater velocity measurement), and chemical data (chlorinated solvent and major ions). The combination of these approaches had a real impact on the understanding of the hydrogeological dynamics of the underground system present at the study site, and allowed us to define the foam injection zone. In parallel with site characterization, experimental work in laboratory allows to define the mechanisms responsible for reducing the water-relative permeability by injecting foam. Through a multi-scale approach, we (i) define a formulation (surfactant concentrations and composition) and injection parameters (foam quality, injection rate, injection mode ) to generate a foam favorable to the reduction of water saturation (column 1D). This saturation decrease led to a reduction of the water relative permeability by a factor greater than 100. (ii) Estimate the behavior of the foam along an injection profile and its impact on the reduction saturation in water a few centimeters from an injection point (2D decimetric pilot). (iii) Verify the 3D applicability of the developed injection system and to follow the evolutions of the impact of the foam in an aquifer (test on a real piezometer). Finally, a continuous foam injection test during 96 hours at the source zone of the contaminated industrial site was carried out. Conducting a pumping test (post injection) in the center of the confined zone, coupled with contaminant fluxes measurements (pre and post injection) and implemented in a 2D model, highlighted the real impact of the injected foam over a radius greater than 2m with a reduction of the flow of pollutant downstream by a factor 4.5. The various laboratory and modeling work highlight the advances and limitations of the developed technique and make it possible to propose ways of improvement
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Loizeau, Sébastien. « Amélioration de la compréhension des fonctionnements hydrodynamiques du champ captant de Crépieux-Charmy ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU010/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans un champ captant, comme celui qui alimente l'agglomération lyonnaise, le fonctionnement de chaque « objet » (bassins d'infiltration, puits, rivières, nappe, zone non saturée) et leurs interactions sont complexes et mal connus. Dans un premier temps, une série d'essais d'infiltration à différentes échelles dans un bassin artificiel de réalimentation a permis de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de cet ouvrage et de chiffrer les paramètres hydrodynamiques de la zone non saturée. Les résultats des interprétations par méthodes numériques fondées sur l'équation de Richards ont montré que les flux infiltrés dans les bassins dépendent principalement de la conductivité hydraulique à saturation d'une couche située directement sous le sable calibré couvrant le fond du bassin, identifiée comme étant moins perméable que la nappe. Cette couche conditionne l'existence d'une zone non saturée. La réalisation d'essais de pompage dans l'aquifère sur les forages d'exploitation et sur un dispositif spécialement mis en place durant ce travail a permis de déterminer les paramètres hydrodynamiques de la nappe. Une analyse des observations et une modélisation conceptuelle en 2D, puis en 3D ont permis d'identifier les mécanismes prépondérants (stratifications, apports et prélèvements) et de simuler correctement à la fois les flux infiltrés dans un des bassins d'infiltration et la remontée de la nappe. A l'échelle d'un bassin, les flux infiltrés sont variables dans le temps, ils dépendent de l'état de colmatage de la surface d'infiltration mais également de la température de l'eau infiltrée et de l'état hydrique initial du sol sous le bassin. Les analyses de sensibilité réalisées avec les modèles mis en place indiquent que la conductivité hydraulique à saturation de l'aquifère, mais également la proximité des conditions aux limites imposées dans la nappe (les rivières et les puits de pompage) influencent de manière prépondérante la remontée de la nappe. Une modélisation 3D d'un autre secteur du champ captant comprenant deux bassins d'infiltration, deux bras de rivière ainsi que des puits de pompage a été réalisée. La condition à la limite imposée sur les rivières est du troisième type en accord avec l'observation d'un sous-écoulement en nappe. Les échanges nappe/rivières sont calés sur des observations à partir d'une chronique de propagation d'une onde de crue dans la nappe. Des piézomètres en flûte de pan, spécifiquement implantés à proximité d'un bassin, ont permis d'observer des différences de charge hydraulique fortes à différents niveaux de l'aquifère lorsque le bassin d'infiltration est en eau. La modélisation 3D est conforme à ces observations. Elle a confirmé l'importance du rôle d'une hétérogénéité de type argilo-sableuse (de conductivité hydraulique à saturation inférieure aux autres lithologies présentes dans l'aquifère) dans les écoulements (direction et flux). Le modèle développé représente correctement les flux infiltrés via les bassins ainsi que les fluctuations de la piézométrie de la nappe. Il permet de vérifier l'inversion des écoulements par rapport aux infiltrations de la rivière, d'identifier les puits alimentés par les bassins d'infiltration et également de mettre en évidence les flux de nappe passant sous la rivièreIn a well field of the Lyon metropolitan area, designed for drinking water supply, behaviour of each object (infiltration basins, wells, rivers, aquifer, and unsaturated zone) and their interactions are complex and not well-known. As a first step, infiltration tests at different spatial scales in one artificial basin were performed to better understand the basin operation and to estimate the hydrodynamic parameters of the unsaturated zone. Results of interpretation, using numerical methods based on Richards equation, reveal that infiltrated basin fluxes mainly depend on saturated hydraulic conductivity of a layer located just below the calibrated sand layer that cover the basin bottom. Indeed this layer has been estimated to be less permeable than the aquifer, which allows the existence of the unsaturated zone below. Pumping tests in the groundwater have been performed using production wells and a well specially implemented during this thesis work in order to estimate aquifer hydrodynamic parameters. Observations analysis and a conceptual modelling, in 2D and then in 3D, lead to a better understanding of the controlling mechanisms (stratification, input and output) and to simulate both basin infiltration rates and water table rise. Considering the whole basin scale, input fluxes are transient, related to the clogging statement of the infiltration area but also to the temperature of inflow water and the initial statement of the soil just below the basin. Sensibility analyses using the models highlight that the amount of the water table rise is mainly influenced by the aquifer saturated hydraulic conductivity and also by the location of imposed boundaries in the aquifer (rivers and pumping wells). The model properly accounts basin inflow fluxes and water table fluctuations. The model is able to verify if flows are reversed in relation to river exchanges, if wells are fed by infiltration basins and it highlights aquifer flows below the river. A 3D modelling has been realised in another area of the well field, comprising two infiltration basins, two river arms and pumping wells. In agreement with underflow in the aquifer, rivers are imposed in the model as third kind boundary conditions. Aquifer and river exchanges are calibrated with observed data of one aquifer flood-wave propagation. Significant differences of hydraulic heads have been observed at different depths of the aquifer using panpipes piezometers, specifically implemented, close to one infiltration basin. Theses differences are closely related to basin operation. These observations are properly calculated by the 3D model. Using the model, the effect of one sandy-clay heterogeneous layer (whose saturated hydraulic conductivity is lower than the ones of other aquifer lithologies) on aquifer flows (direction and flux) is notable. The model properly accounts basin inflow fluxes and water table fluctuations. The model is able to verify if flows are reversed in relation to river exchanges, if wells are fed by infiltration basins and it highlights aquifer flow below the river
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Schumacher, Matthew. « A Multi-Scale Approach in Mapping the Sedimentological and Hydrostratigraphical Features of Complex Aquifers ». Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4885.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Accessibility to consistent subsurface hydrostratigraphic information is crucial for the development of robust groundwater flow and contaminant transport models. However, full three-dimensional understanding of the subsurface geology is often the missing link. Construction of watershed-scale hydrostratigraphic models continues to be limited by the quality and density of borehole data which often lack detailed geologic information. This can become a serious problem where rapid sediment facies changes and intricate sediment architecture occur. This research is motivated by the idea that if we can understand more about the distribution of sediments and structures of complex deposits, we learn more about depositional processes and how they affect the internal geometry of a deposit and the distribution of hydraulic properties. One approach is to study surficial excavations (e.g. sand and gravel pits) that often punctuate shallow aquifers.
The purpose of this study is to develop and test a method of integrating high-resolution georeferenced stratigraphic and sedimentologic information from sand and gravel pits as a means to better document sedimentologic data and improve understanding of the depositional environments. The study area is located within the Waterloo Moraine, in southwestern Ontario, and is an unconsolidated shallow aquifer system with a complex internal architecture and sediment heterogeneity. The method involves the integration of high-resolution field data with borehole and geophysical information in a computer-based 3D environment. A total of fourteen virtual sedimentary sections were constructed by georegistering digital photographs within a framework of georeferenced positions collected using a reflectorless total station and GPS. Fourteen sediment facies have been described in the field. These include crudely stratified gravel beds, planar and cross-laminated sandy strata (ripple and dune scales), along with laminated and massive silty and clayey beds. Calculated hydraulic conductivities span over seven orders of magnitude. The analysis of a single excavation has shown contrasting sediment assemblages from one end of the pit to the other, highlighting the complexity of the Waterloo Moraine. The heterogeneous and deformed layers of gravel, sand, and mud may be the product of an ice-contact to ice-proximal environment, whereas the extensive sandy assemblages may reflect an intermediate subaqueous fan region. The results also suggest that the borehole database overestimates the amount of fine-grained material in the study area. Finally, this research demonstrates that it is possible to build in a timely manner a 3D virtual sedimentologic database. New emerging technologies will lead to increased resolution and accuracy, and will help streamline the process even further. The possibility of expanding the 3D geodatabase to other excavations across the region in a timely manner is likely to lead to improved hydrostratigraphic models and, by extension, to more efficient strategies in water resources planning, management and protection.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "3D aquifer modelling"
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Heredia, Javier, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza et Antonio González-Ramón. « Stochastic Modelling of the 3D Geometry of a Faulted and Folded Deep Carbonate Aquifer : Loma de Úbeda (Southern Spain) ». Dans Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 767–70. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_165.
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Carreño-Conde, F., S. García-Martínez, J. Lillo-Ramos et R. Fernández-Martínez. « 3D Detrital Aquifer Modelling for Water Resources Management of the Regional Park of the Lower Courses of Manzanares and Jarama Rivers (Madrid, Spain) ». Dans Management of Water Resources in Protected Areas, 161–67. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16330-2_19.
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Fournillon, A., S. Viseur, B. Arfib et J. Borgomano. « Insights of 3D Geological Modelling in Distributed Hydrogeological Models of Karstic Carbonate Aquifers ». Dans Advances in Research in Karst Media, 257–62. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12486-0_39.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "3D aquifer modelling"
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-M. Le Nindre, Y., D. Giot, J. -C. Martin et P. Maget. « Characterisation and 3D Modelling of the Beauce Aquifer System (Paris Basin, France) ». Dans 61st EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201408025.
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Mascagnini, Carlos, Aaesha Khalfan Al Keebali, Siqing Xu, Humberto Parra, S. K. Masalmeh, Muhammad Chughtai, Satya Perumalla et al. « Onshore Abu Dhabi Carbonate Saline Aquifer CO2 Storage - An Integrated Technical Feasibility Study ». Dans ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210812-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is recognized as an important technology in the decarbonisation of the energy system and saline aquifers are potential geological storage candidates. A major integrated feasibility study was conducted to screen and rank carbonate saline aquifer candidates for subsurface CO2 storage, onshore Abu Dhabi. The objectives were to obtain a range of potential CO2 storage capacities and annual injection rates and establish CO2 technical feasibility by integrating subsurface, well performance, cap rock integrity and economic analysis. A candidate screening matrix was developed taking into account onshore Abu Dhabi saline aquifer geological characteristics. Saline aquifers "A" and "B" within the syncline area were among the highest ranked candidates. A large-scale 3D static model was developed, utilising seismic and well data. Extensive CO2 storage simulation runs were performed, covering sensitivities and capturing major storage process/mechanisms applicable to carbonate formation. Combining geomechanics, geoscience, well performance, integrity and dynamic modelling, a CO2 storage site design was completed with slanted/horizontal injectors drilled radially from a centralised well pad. Ranges of CO2 storage capacity and maximum injection rates were obtained, depending on number of injectors and accounting for water offtake in nearby areas. Additionally, CO2 plume migration within several tens of thousands of years was simulated to aid CO2 containment assurance. Separate studies were performed to locate potential CO2 storage surface sites and used as part of the input for CO2 pipeline and surface facilities high level design. CAPEX, OPEX and abandonment cost estimates were generated as input for economic analysis. A multi-disciplinary risk assessment was performed, identifying potential risk factors throughout the life cycle of CO2 storage. De-risking and mitigation measures were considered and a detailed measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) plan was developed. This paper presents the first integrated study on saline aquifer CO2 storage technical feasibility in this syncline area. A novel integrated workflow is employed, from initial candidate screening through dynamic modelling, surface facilities and risk assessment to recommendations for additional data acquisition. Key aspects which improved on published major international CO2 sequestration assessments are highlighted. The results and conclusions offer valuable insights for other Operators considering or planning CO2 sequestration in saline aquifer projects.
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Pettifer, Geoff, Garth Richards, Graham Jenke et Neil Lester. « CHARACTERISATION OF A FRACTURED ROCK AQUIFER SYSTEM BY 2D/3D RESISTIVITY SURVEYING AND MODELLING AROUND A DISUSED MINING PIT PROPOSED FOR MINE TAILINGS DISPOSAL ». Dans Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.30-016.
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Martelet, G., P. A. Reninger, J. Perrin et B. Tourlière. « HTEM Data Improve 3D Modelling of Aquifers in Paris Basin, France ». Dans Second European Airborne Electromagnetics Conference. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702165.
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Elgendy, Ahmed M. S., Simone Ricci, Elena I. Cojocariu, Claudio Geloni, Stefano Castellani, Elisabetta P. Massara, Andrea Ortenzi, Alberto Consonni, Piernatale Casali et Michela Idiomi. « Geochemical Modelling of CO2 Injection : Role of Capillary-Driven Transport of Dissolved Salt on CO2 Injectivity ». Dans SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210037-ms.
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Abstract One of the main risks of CO2 injection into sedimentary formations, especially saline aquifers, is well clogging due to salt precipitation. Capillary-driven backflow of formation brine may serve as a continuous transport of dissolved salt toward the dry zone around the injection point. This salt will eventually precipitate due to water vaporization, jeopardizing the CO2 injectivity. The study objective is to apply to a potential CO2 storage complex, constituted by a multi-layered depleted gas field, a multi-step, mineralogical-geochemical workflow emphasizing the role of capillary-driven transport of dissolved salt on CO2 injectivity. An integrated workflow, starting from real samples, and coupling laboratory activities with numerical simulations, is given. The workflow consists of the following steps: Lithological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of field core samples Laboratory ageing experiments on caprock samples with CO2 Preliminary geochemical numerical models’ calibration to reproduce the results of CO2 ageing experiment Geochemical numerical modelling at different spatial/temporal scales and complexity levels The CO2 injection is simulated via multi-layered 2D radial reactive transport model. The CO2 injection scheme and the pressure buildup have been maintained as per field 3D dynamic model. The formation brine chemical composition is retrieved from laboratory analysis. The mineral dissolution/precipitation and CO2 dissociation reactions are modelled using a rate-dependent and an equilibrium approach respectively. The overall mineralogical composition can be defined as highly heterogeneous due to the presence of not-negligible amounts of quartz, feldspar, mica, clay, and carbonate minerals. The latter are more present in the caprock (around 45% wt.) and less in the reservoir samples (15% wt.). The ageing experiment performed using caprock samples resulted in partial Calcite mineral dissolution in the presence of CO2-rich water and allowed to better calibrate parameters used for numerical geochemical modelling activities. The simulations at reservoir conditions show a limited dissolution of calcite due to the pH lowering associated to the CO2 plume evolution, and water vaporization phenomenon is observed in the near wellbore area. The effect of capillary-driven back flow is acknowledged by comparing the water movements in the near wellbore area with and without the capillary pressure. The capillary-driven back flow has shown a limited impact on Halite precipitation around the injection well, even when the capillary pressure is doubled. Further simulation work has been performed to check whether the conclusions are still applicable even in the worst-case scenario where Halite precipitation is instantaneously modelled via an equilibrium approach instead of a kinetic one. The presented workflow gives a new perspective in geochemical application for CO2 storage studies, which increases the reliability and specificity of the investigation via a strong integration between experimental analyses and numerical modelling.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "3D aquifer modelling"
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Logan, C. E., M. J. Hinton, D. R. Sharpe, G. A. Oldenborger, H. A. J. Russell et A. J. M. Pugin. Spiritwood Buried Valley 3D geological modelling - part of a multidisciplinary aquifer characterization workflow. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296444.
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