Articles de revues : « 362.1/6 »

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Naibaho, Joncer, Małgorzata Korzeniowska, Aneta Wojdyło, Adam Figiel, Baoru Yang, Oskar Laaksonen, Maike Foste, Raivo Vilu et Ene Viiard. « The Potential of Spent Barley as a Functional Food Ingredient : Study on the Comparison of Dietary Fiber and Bioactivity ». Proceedings 70, n^o 1 (20 novembre 2020) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-08486.

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This research aimed to conduct a comparison of 8 different forms of brewery spent grain (BSG) on their polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity as part of their potential as a functional food ingredient. The BSGs were dried until they reached a stable weight, grounded to pass through a 385 µm sieve and were vacuum packed in non-transparent packaging for further analysis. The results showed that BSG contained a high dietary fiber content which was dominated by a insoluble dietary fiber level of about 38.0–43.9% and a soluble dietary fiber content of about 3.9–9.6%. There were three groups of polyphenolic identified: flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and flavonols at quantities of 362.1–1165.7 mg/kg, 65.8–122.5 mg/kg and 3.6–13.8 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was examined using an in vitro assessment: the 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) capacity ranged from 0.086 to 0.241 mmol Trolox/100 g while the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) capacity ranged from 0.106 to 0.306 µmol TE/100 g. In conclusion, BSG as a brewery waste can potentially be used as a functional food ingredient due to its properties. It is suggested that further studies are needed to explore BSG’s impact on the development of functional food products.

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Michalaki, Afroditi, Haralabos C. Karantonis, Anastasia S. Kritikou, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis et Marilena E. Dasenaki. « Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation from Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) Using Response Surface Methodology and Identification of Specific Phenolic Compounds with HPLC-PDA and Q-TOF-MS/MS ». Molecules 28, n^o 5 (21 février 2023) : 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052033.

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Oregano is native to the Mediterranean region and it has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds particularly flavonoids that have been related with multiple bioactivities towards certain diseases. Oregano is cultivated in the island of Lemnos where the climate promotes its growth and thus it could be further used in promoting local economy. The aim of the present study was to establish a methodology for the extraction of total phenolic content along with the antioxidant capacity of oregano by using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions with regard to the extraction time, temperature, and solvent mixture with the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction. For the optimized extracts, identification of the most abundant flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol, and apigenin) was performed with an analytical HPLC-PDA and UPLC-Q-TOF MS methodology. The predicted optimal conditions of the statistical model were identified, and the predicted values confirmed. The linear factors evaluated, temperature, time, and ethanol concentration, all showed significant effect (p < 0.05), and the regression coefficient (R2) presented a good correlation between predicted and experimental data. Actual values under optimum conditions were 362.1 ± 1.8 and 108.6 ± 0.9 mg/g dry oregano with regard to total phenolic content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Additionally, further antioxidant activities by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (115.2 ± 1.2 mg/g dry oregano), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (13.7 ± 0.8 mg/g dry oregano), and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) (1.2 ± 0.2 mg/g dry oregano) assays were performed for the optimized extract. The extract acquired under the optimum conditions contain an adequate quantity of phenolic compounds that could be used in the production of functional foods by food enrichment procedure.

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Van Caam, A., J. Lemmers, M. Vonk et S. Van Leuven. « AB0152 URIC ACID IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS-RELATED PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION:INNOCENT BYSTANDER OR COVERT ACCOMPLICE ? » Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 mai 2023) : 1255.2–1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.859.

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BackgroundWhen uric acid levels increase to reach the supersaturation level (>70 μg/ml), it transforms into its crystalline form and binds to surface lipids on immune cells. Phagocytes ingest this cellular debris and thereby receive a ‘danger signal’ from uric acid and are stimulated to mature and become immunostimulatory [1,2].ObjectivesConsidering uric acid helps to predict the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (3), we aim to establish whether uric acid induces a pro-inflammatory response in SSc in general and in SSc-PAH in particular.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were harvested from 16 SSc-PAH patients. PMBCs were isolated from 32 age- and sex-matched SSc-nonPAH patients with similar skin distribution and autoantibodies. Finally, PMBCs from 5 idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients and 16 age- and sex- matched healthy controls were collected. Cells were treated with or without uric acid in soluble form for 24 hours, and subsequently cytokine production was measured by Luminex, and mRNA levels were assessed using qPCR.ResultsBaseline expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was similar in SSc-PAH, SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. On mRNA level, urid acid stimulated IL-1 and IL-6 expression in all PBMCs but IL-1 and IL-6 expression was most potently upregulated in SSc patients compared to healthy controls (a 2-fold versus an 8-fold increase respectively). However, induction of IL-1 and IL-6 expression by urid acid-stimulated PBMCs was similar in SSc-PAH and SSc-nonPAH patients. Similarly, on protein level, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased in PBMCs from SSc patients compared to iPAH patients and healthy controls. Interestingly, we observed that urid-acid stimulated PBMCs from SSc-PAH patients produced significantly more IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to SSc-nonPAH patients.ConclusionIn this study we demonstrate that soluble uric orchestrates an excessive inflammatory response by facilitating more enhanced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in SSc-PAH compared to SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. These findings suggest that uric acid not only has a role in prediction of SSc-PAH but also contributes to the development of SSc-PAH.References[1]Shi Y. Caught red-handed: uric acid is an agent of inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2010 Jun;120(6):1809-11.[2]Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003;425(6957):516–521.[3]Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Grünig E, Bonderman D, Distler O, Khanna D, Müller-Ladner U, Pope JE, Vonk MC, Doelberg M, Chadha-Boreham H, Heinzl H, Rosenberg DM, McLaughlin VV, Seibold JR; DETECT study group. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jul;73(7):1340-9.Table 1.Baseline characteristics. Values in medians (SD) or number (%). LcSSc denotes limited cutaneous SSc, DcSSc diffuse cutaneous SSc, mRSS modified Rodnan skin score, NYHA New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, 6MWD 6 minutes walk distance.SSc-PAH (n=16)SSc-nonPAH (n=32)Idiopathic PAH (n=5)Healthy controls (n=16)Age in years, mean67.7 (10.5)66.9 (8.9)63 (15.8)61.4 (9.4)Female, n (%)13 (81.3)26 (81.3)5 (100)13 (8.3)SSc subtype LcSSc13 (81.3)26 (81.3) DcSSc3 (18.7)6 (18.7)mRSS4.8 (4.2)4.7 (4.2)Anticentromere positive (%)5 (31.3)13 (40.6)Telangiectasias, n (%)9 (56.3)13 (40.6)0NYHA class, n (%) I026 (81.3)0 II4 (25)5 (15.6)5 (100) III8 (50)1 (3.1)0 IV4 (25)00Creatinine (µmol/L)91.4 (27.4)76.4 (18.3)78.2 (23.5)Urate (µmol/L)0.4 (0.2)0.3 (0.1)0.4 (0.1)NT-proBNP (pg/ml)1455 (2228.2)129.4 (152.7)96.6 (42.0)6MWD (m)362.1 (103.5)593 (127.8)447.6 (42.3)Immunosuppression, n (%)9 (56.3)22 (68.8)0Urate lowering treatment, n (%)1 (6.3)1 (3.1)0Diuretics, n (%)11 (68.8)3 (9.4)3 (60)Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsArjan van Caam: None declared, Jacqueline Lemmers: None declared, Madelon Vonk Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novartis and Roche, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Ferrer and Galapagos, Sander van Leuven: None declared.

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Gao, Jing, et Liang Wang. « Efficacy and Safety of BTK Inhibitors in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma : A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis of 24 Patients ». Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023) : 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-180354.

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Background: Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a special subtype of rare central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Most of the pathologic types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of non-germinal central origin. Currently, the optimal treatment strategy for VRL is not clear, and the traditional treatment usually includes about 20 repeated intravitreal injections of low doses of methotrexate or intraocular local radiotherapy. Eventually, however, 60-90% of VRL will progress to PCNSL. Therefore, CNS prophylaxis of VRL patients is very important. A previous prospective clinical study of our research group (including 10 VRL patients) confirmed that single-drug BTK inhibitors can replace repeated intravitreal injection of low doses of methotrexate, with rapid effect, high safety, and certain value in preventing CNS progression. Methods: In order to further clarify the efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitors in VRL patients, we included 24 VRL patients who were consecutively admitted to the Hematology Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2020 to December 2022, and retrospectively analyzed their clinical features, treatment methods, treatment outcomes, survival status and treatment-related adverse reactions. Results: Of the 24 patients, 14 were female and 10 were male, with a median age of 62 years old (36-75). There were 18 patients with primary VRL (PVRL) and 6 patients with secondary VRL (SVRL) to PCNSL. The IL-10 in aqueous humor/vitreous fluid at baseline was significantly increased in all patients (362.1±89.5pg/mL), and the IL-10/IL-6 ratio was greater than 1. Except for one patient with both uncontrolled PCNSL and VRL, the other 23 VRL patients showed no evidence of CNS involvement by brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid detection. All 24 patients were treated with a BTK inhibitor (Zanubrutinib 160mg bid, or Orelabrutinib 150mg qd), of whom, 9 VRL patients were also treated with intravitreal methotrexate injection (0.4mg/ time, weekly ×12 times → monthly ×9 times) concurrently, and the remaining 15 patients did not receive any antitumor therapy other than BTK inhibitors. After 1 month of treatment with BTK inhibitors, the efficacy was evaluated by slit lamp microscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and aqueous humor cytokines. 21 patients achieved CR (87.5%), 2 PR (8.3%), and 1 PD (progression of CNS lesion but improvement of intraocular disease). The IL-10/IL-6 levels in aqueous humor were lower than 1 in all 24 patients 1 month after treatment, and the IL-10 levels in aqueous humor were slightly higher than the normal range in two patients. The median duration of BTK inhibitors use was 10 months (1.5-23.0 months). At a median follow-up of 17 months (5.4-31.5 months), 15 patients (62.5%) developed disease progression, including 11 patients (45.8%) with CNS progression and 4 patients (16.7%) with intraocular recurrence. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 11.9 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was not reached. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 34% and 26%, and the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 96% and 82%, respectively. The recurrence rate was 33.3% in the combined treatment group and 80.0% in the BTK inhibitors monotherapy group. A total of three patients died, all due to CNS progression. BTK inhibitors were generally well tolerated in VRL patients, with no adverse reactions that led to treatment discontinuation. 4 patients had grade 1-2 hypertension (16.7%), 1 patient had grade 1 hypotension (4.2%), 2 patients had grade 1 joint pain (8.5%), and 6 patients had grade 1 subcutaneous hemorrhage and ecchymosis (25.0%). Four patients developed COVID-19 infection while taking the drug and the drug was suspended. All four patients recovered from COVID-19 infection within 2 weeks and did not develop significant pneumonia. Conclusion: This is the largest report regarding the use of BTK inhibitors in VRL patients. BTK inhibitor has a rapid local control effect on VRL and is well tolerated. However, BTK inhibitors monotherapy has unsatisfied preventive effect on the CNS, and it is still necessary to explore the value of combinational therapy, such as combined BTK inhibitors and high-dose methotrexate.

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RAJČEVIČ, Marija, Anton ILC et Janez ŽLINDRA. « Hranilna in energijska vrednost koruzne silaže za krave molznice ». Acta agriculturae Slovenica 70, n^o 1 (15 décembre 1997) : 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.1997.70.1.16152.

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We investigated chemical composition, nutritive and energy value of maize silage, produced in 1993, 1994 and 1995, consumed by dairy cows on Mercator-Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje. In 1993 the maize silage was drought-stricken, therefore for that year also in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter of two samples by drought differently stricken maize and of two samples of silage with different content of dry matter was stated. The content of dry matter of the analyzed samples of maize silage was the 275.8 and 362.4 g kg-1, with 252 and 254.7 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.38 and 6.41 MJ kg -1 NEL in it. The digestibility of dry matter was 0.664 and 0.660, while digestibility of organic matter was 0.657 and 0.652. The average of 6 samples of the analyzed silages produced in 1993 was 312.9 ± 19.9 g kg-1 of dry matter, and in it was 228.3 ± 13.1 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.54 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. In vitro digestibility of dry matter of maize silage with 311.1 g kg -1 of dry matter was 0.665, and organic matter 0.657; in silage with 347.2 g kg-1 of dry matter the digestibility of dry matter was 0.666, and of organic matter 0.660. In silage produced in 1994 (n=8) the average content of dry matter was 362.9 ± 50.6 g kg-1, and it was 231.5 ± 18.6 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.43 ± 0.2 MJ kg-1 NEL. The analyzed silage produced in 1995 (n=5) contained 307.9 ± 26.3 g kg -1 of dry matter, in which was 238.1 ± 11.3 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.3 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. Energy and nutritive values of silage produced in 1993, when the maize was stricken by drought, were actually lower than shown by calculation on the base of chemical analysis.

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Butta, Nora, Monica Martín Salces, Raquel De Paz, Ihosvany Fernandez Bello, María Teresa Álvarez Román, María Isabel Rivas Pollmar, Miguel Canales et Victor Jiménez Yuste. « Haemostasis Impairment in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Normal Platelet Counts ». Blood 126, n^o 23 (3 décembre 2015) : 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5225.5225.

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Abstract Background: Bleeding complications can have serious outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are usually related to thrombocytopaenia. In a recent work we demonstrated that platelets from MDS have impaired capacity to respond to agonist stimulation and exposed more phosphatidylserine (PS) than those from healthy controls whichever their platelet count was (Martin et al, Thromb Haemost., 2013;109:909-19). The exposure of PS in the outer layer of cell membranes supports coagulation through enhanced formation of the tenase (factors IXa, VIIIa and X) and prothrombinase (factors Xa, Va and prothrombin) complexes and thrombin generation. So, the possibility exists that these processes are increased in these patients. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study whether thrombus formation and thrombin generation is impaired in MDS patients with normal platelet count employing global coagulation tests thromboelastrometry (ROTEM) and Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT). Methods: Thirty-one MDS patients with normal platelet count and twenty healthy controls were included. Citrated blood was centrifuged at 152 g 10 min at 23°C for obtaining platelet rich plasma (PRP) and at 1,500 g for 15 min at 23°C for platelet-poor plasma (PPP). For ROTEM and CAT experiments, PRP was adjusted to a platelet count of 25 x 109/L. Aliquots for ROTEM assay were tested within the two hours after obtaining blood samples. For CAT experiments, adjusted PRP and PPP aliquots were stored at -70ºC until analysis. Kinetics of clot formation, non-activated ROTEM was performed on adjusted PRP. Clotting time (CT, time from start of measurement until initiation of clotting [in seconds], alpha angle, which reflects the rate of fibrin polymerisation (tangent to the curve at 2-mm amplitude [in degrees]), and maximum clot firmness, which reflects the maximum tensile strength of the thrombus (MCF, [in mm]), were recorded. Thrombin generation was measured in adjusted PRP without any trigger and in PPP with 1 pM tissue factor and 4 µM phospholipids (PPP-Reagent LOW, Thrombinoscope BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands) as trigger. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP, the total amount of thrombin generated over time); the lag time (the time to the beginning of the explosive burst of thrombin generation); the peak height of the curve (the maximum thrombin concentration produced); and the time to the peak were evaluated. Platelet activation was determined by PAC1 (BD, Madrid, Spain) binding after stimulation with 100 μM thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP, Bachem, Switzerland) and surface PS through Annexin-V binding and flow cytometry analyses. Results: Platelets from MDS patients had a reduced response to TRAP stimulation (control= 12016+6384 arbitrary units; MDS= 5829+3704 arbitrary units) and exposed more PS than controls (control= 362.1+80.5 MF; MDS= 378.5+173.5 MF). ROTEM experiments showed kinetic parameters corresponding to a hipocoagulable profile (CT: control= 550+95 sec, MDS= 922+216 sec, p<0.01; alpha angle control= 62.8+4.3, MDS= 47.5+6.0, p<0.05; A5: control= 29.8+3.2, MDS= 24.2+5.8, p<0.05 whereas MCF was similar to controls (control= 46.7+3.1mm, MDS= 47.5+4.3 mm). In order to evaluate whether the impaired clot formation was due to a reduction in plasma-associated thrombin generation, CAT experiments were performed in PPP samples. No differences were found between MDS patients and control group (ETP: control=1223.4+257.8 nMxmin, MDS= 1224.4+344 .1 nMxmin; peak: control= 279.5+54.7nM, MDS= 265.9+64.1 nM). On the other hand, when thrombin generation experiments were performed in adjusted PRP, ETP and peak values were lower than in control group (ETP: control=1574.8+430.5 nMxmin, MDS= 1167.4+354 nMxmin,p<0.05; peak: control= 225.6+82.9 nM, MDS= 266.9+92.2 nM, p<0.05). Conclusions: Platelet dysfunction might be resposible of bleeding complications observed in patients with MDS with normal platelet counts. Increment in PS exposure on platelet surface did not seem to compensate impairment in platelet function. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Li, Bo, Cong Li, Yimin Gao, Hongjian Guo, Yunchuan Kang et Siyong Zhao. « Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Properties of Ni-Based Composite Coatings in Artificial Seawater ». Coatings 9, n^o 12 (4 décembre 2019) : 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120822.

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NiAl matrix composite coatings were prepared using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The mechanical and tribocorrosion properties of the NiAl matrix composite coatings, incorporated with Cr2O3 and Mo, were investigated, and the synergistic effect between corrosion and wear was studied in detail. The microhardness of the composite coating improved from 195.1 to 362.2 HV through the addition of Cr2O3 and Mo. Meanwhile, the Cr2O3 and Mo phases were distributed uniformly in the composite coatings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of Ni-based solid solution slightly shifted to the right after adding the Mo. This was probably due to the solid solution of Mo into the matrix. The NiAl–Cr2O3–Mo composite coating had the lowest corrosion current density, wear rate and friction coefficient of 9.487 × 10−6 A/cm2, 3.63 × 10−6 mm3/Nm, and 0.18, in all composite coatings as well as showing excellent tribocorrosion properties.

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PANG, XIAOQIANG, LING WANG, ZHEN WANG, LEI GENG, DICHEN LI, ZHONGMIN JIN, CHAOZONG LIU et CHEN ZHANG. « FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENT ANGLES IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE ». Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, n^o 07 (novembre 2016) : 1650096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500962.

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Custom-made prosthetic replacement is a common method of limb reconstruction after surgery of bone tumors. A custom-made tumor knee prosthesis was retrieved after fracture of the tibial stem. The fracture of stem was considered to be associated with some misalignment between the axis of femur and that of the femoral stem, which might cause stress concentration within the tibial component and eventually lead to fracture. To verify this hypothesis, finite element analysis was carried out to study the effect of various tilting degree (6[Formula: see text] forward, 0[Formula: see text] and 6[Formula: see text] backward) of the stem in the sagittal plane on the stress distribution within the tibial component. The calculated maximum Von Mises stress in the tibial component was 225.8, 362.8 and 511.3[Formula: see text]MPa when the femoral component was tilted for 6[Formula: see text] forward, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] backward, respectively. The results demonstrated that the misalignment of femoral components in the sagittal plane has marked effect on the stress distribution of the tibial component.

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Enomoto, Hiroko, Masahiko Sugimoto, Shin Asami et Mineo Kondo. « Progress of Diabetic Macular Edema after Loading Injection of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Real-World Cases ». Medicina 58, n^o 10 (21 septembre 2022) : 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101318.

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Background and Objectives: To evaluate the recurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME) after loading an injection of anti-VEGF agents by a pro re nata (PRN) protocol using central retinal thickness (CRT) as a re-injection criterion. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational single-center study. DME patients with a central retinal thickness (CRT) over 350 μm received a PRN injection of anti-VEGF agents following one to three consecutive monthly loading injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) for 6 months from January 2012 to June 2019. Results: We enrolled a total of 72 eyes for loading injections and the mean CRT improved from 434.04 ± 139.4 μm (before treatment) to 362.9 ± 125.0 μm after the loading injection. One week after injection, 36 eyes (50%) obtained a CRT of ≤350 μm. Fourteen eyes (19.4%) remained with a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months without additional injections. A total of 22 eyes (30.6%) had a CRT of >350 μm at 6 months. Fifteen eyes did not receive additional injections because of visual improvement. Conclusions: About 20% of DME patients can be maintained at a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months with only a loading injection. However, there is a tendency to delay additional injections for patients with recurrences using PRN protocol.

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Gómez López, Victoria Eugenia, Carolina Muñoz Macías, Rafael Casas Cuestas, Óscar Calle Mafla et Rodolfo Crespo Montero. « Análisis de la punción de prótesis intravasculares recubiertas tras el rescate de la fístula arteriovenosa después de 12 meses de experiencia ». Enfermería Nefrológica 20, n^o 3 (28 septembre 2017) : 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s2254-28842017000300008.

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Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia a medio plazo de una nueva prótesis intravascular (VIABAHN(r)), y su seguridad, analizando la incidencia de eventos adversos asociados a su punción. Pacientes y Método: Se estudiaron 20 pacientes, a los que se les implantó VIABAHN(r), por pseudoaneurismas con trombosis, úlceras en las zonas de punción, fracaso de angioplastia o reestenosis en menos de 6 meses. Se estudió: Parámetros de la FAV, permeabilidad primaria y secundaria (6 y 12 meses), presencia de complicaciones y control del deterioro de la prótesis mediante flebografía a los 3 y 6 meses. Para la punción se esperó un periodo de 4 semanas. Resultados: Se analizó un periodo de 15±9.4 meses. La media de los parámetros funcionales de la FAV durante la hemodiálisis fue: Fs: 362.5±43.3 ml/min, PA: -209.5±35.6 mmHg, PV: 215.8±34.5 mmHg, Kt 55±5.4 l y Recirculación 12.7±3.7%. A los 6 meses el 66% (IC 95% 54-77) de los pacientes tenía permeabilidad primaria y el 77% (IC 95% 67-87) tenía permeabilidad secundaria. A los 12 meses el 38% (IC 95% 24-52) permeabilidad primaria y el 76% (IC 95% 66-87) permeabilidad secundaria. No se observaron eventos adversos relacionados con la punción, ni se objetivó radiológicamente deterioro en las prótesis. Hubo un episodio de infección que requirió la retirada de la prótesis. Conclusiones: La prótesis vascular recubierta VIABAHN(r) es eficaz y segura en el rescate de las FAVs nativas estenosadas y/o trombosadas, ya que proporciona excelentes parámetros de diálisis y alta permeabilidad primaria y secundaria.

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R Hadi, Najah, et Ahmed M Hasan. « Magnesium sulfate ameliorates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via interfering with inflammatory and oxidative pathways ». American Journal of BioMedicine 4, n^o 2 (29 mai 2016) : 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/016-187-202.

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Magnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects and decrease overall neuronal firing. It is also decrease firing of excitable tissues outside the brain. We study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of magnesium sulfate in rat brain following ischemia reperfusion (I/R) stress. Twenty four rats were grouped into 4 groups: The first (sham group), the second (control) and the third group(control-vehicle) and the forth (treated with Magnesium sulfate). Animals in the second group underwent bilateral common carotid artery ligation without treatment, whereas the forth group were injected with magnesium sulfate 250mg/kg intraperitoneally before procedure. Brain homogenate were prepared after the procedure for measurement of cerebral level of IL-6, IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM. Cerebral level of IL-9 in control group was 163.3 ± 30.4 pg/mg and it significantly decreased in magnesium sulfate treated group (21.8 ± 1.72 pg/mg). Cerebral level of MCP-1 in the control group was 109.05 ± 18.2 pg/mg, while it significantly reduced in magnesium sulfate treated group (38.16 ± 3.54 pg/mg). Mean cerebral levels of ICAM of control was 362.8 ± 26.81 pg/mg while mean cerebral level of ICAM in treated group was 35.5 ± 4.71 pg/mg. We concluded that magnesium sulfate significantly decreasedcerebral inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM in global ischemia model in rats and regressed I/R injury

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Anele, B. C., P. O. Okerentugba, H. O. Stanley, O. M. Immanuel, I. M. Ikeh, C. C. Ukanwa et I. O. Okonko. « Treatment of abattoir wastewater using <i>Moringa oleifera</i> ; seed and snail shell in Rivers State, Nigeria ». Scientia Africana 22, n^o 2 (10 octobre 2023) : 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v22i2.25.

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The practice of discharging abattoir wastewater into a receptacle without treatment is most likely to alter its physicochemical and microbiological properties. Against this background, this study is aimed at determining the efficacy of Moringa oleifera and snail shells as bio-coagulants for treatment of abattoir wastewater using the jar. The mean values of monitored physicochemical parameters were electrical conductivity (1227.7), total organic carbon (224.4%), biochemical oxygen demand (362.3 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (1001.5g), total dissolved solids (462.5 mg/l), total suspended solids (1562.5) mg/l and turbidity (190.6 NTU). The mean total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC) for untreated wastewater was 1.4 x 108 CFU/ml, total coliform count (TCC) was 5.6 x 105 CFU/ml, and total fungal count (TFC) was 1.6 x 102 CFU/ml. After treatment, the biocoagulants caused 82.5-84.2% reduction in EC, TOC (59-88.3%), BOD (90.8-93.7%), COD (94.4-95.3%), TDS (89.6-91.9%), TSS (93.3-94.5%) and turbidity (80.8-84.5%). The bio-coagulants were able to remove 92.2-95.4% of Zn, Pb (97-97.5%), Cr (97.2-98.8%) and Cd (86.7-89.3%). After treatment with the bio-coagulants, THBC dropped from 4.7 x 103-5.3 x 102 CFU/ml to 8-10 CFU/ml on day 6, TCC dropped from 4.2 x 102 – 6.7 x 10 CFU/ml to 5-7 CFU/ml on day 6 while TFC dropped from 1.1 x 102 - 1.5 x 10 CFU/ml to 2-4 CFU/ml on day 6, representing approximately 99.9% reduction in microbial load. Thus, the bio-coagulants were as good at removing pollutants in water as alum, but with the added advantages of being natural, cost-effective, and readily available.

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Chung, Ill-Min, Eun-Hye Kim, Jong-Jin Kim et Hyung-In Moon. « Inhibition effects of the classical pathway complement of isolated compounds from Quercus glauca ». Human & ; Experimental Toxicology 30, n^o 9 (15 novembre 2010) : 1415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110390067.

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Species of the Quercus species is an evergreen broadleaf tree found not only in Korea but also in China, Taiwan, and Japan. Quercus species is the most commonly occurring plant among the 50 native species of the family Fagaceae in Korea, China, and Taiwan. Quercus species have been used for diarrhea, dysentery, dermatitis, and hemorrhagia in Korean folk medicine. The present study evaluated the anticomplement effect of constituents from Quercus species (Fagaceae) in classical pathway complement system. We have evaluated leaves of five species of the Quercus genus with regard to its anticomplement activity and have identified its active principles following activity-guided isolation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the 80% methanol extracts of the stem barks of Quercus glauca Thunberg has led to the isolation of galloyl derivatives, displaying high anticomplement activity. Four galloyl derivatives isolated from the leaves of Q. glauca, namely 6′- O-galloyl salidroside (1), methyl gallate (2), 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose (3), and 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose (4). 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed inhibitory activity against complement system with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 224 μM, 362.4 μM, 32.3 μM, and 138.3 μM. Among the compounds tested, 3 showed the most potent anticomplement activity (IC50, 32.3 μM). This is the first report of the isolation and anticomplement activity from Q. glauca.

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Tyler, Amy, Mersine A. Bryan, Chuan Zhou, Rita Mangione-Smith, Derek Williams, David P. Johnson, Chén C. Kenyon, Irit Rasooly, Hannah C. Neubauer et Karen M. Wilson. « Variation in Dexamethasone Dosing and Use Outcomes for Inpatient Croup ». Hospital Pediatrics 12, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2021) : 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2021-005854.

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OBJECTIVES Evaluate the association between dexamethasone dosing and outcomes for children hospitalized with croup. METHODS This study was nested within a multisite prospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years admitted to 1 of 5 US children’s hospitals between July 2014 and June /2016. Multivariable linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the association between the number of dexamethasone doses (1 vs >1) and outcomes (length of stay [LOS], cost, and 30-day same-cause reuse). All multivariable analyses included a site-specific random effect to account for clustering within hospital and were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, presenting severity, medical complexity, insurance, caregiver education, and hospital. In cost analyses, we controlled for LOS. RESULTS Among 234 children hospitalized with croup, patient characteristics did not differ by number of doses. The proportion receiving >1 dose varied by hospital (range 27.9%–57.1%). In adjusted analyses, >1 dose was not associated with same-cause reuse (odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26 to 2.95]) but was associated with 45% longer LOS (relative risk = 1.45 [95% CI: 1.30 to 1.62]). When we controlled for LOS, >1 dose was not associated with differential cost ($−31.2 [95% CI $−424.4 to $362.0]). Eighty-two (35%) children received dexamethasone before presentation. CONCLUSIONS We found significant interhospital variation in dexamethasone dosing and LOS. When we controlled for severity on presentation, >1 dexamethasone dose was associated with longer LOS but not reuse. Although incomplete adjustment for severity is one possible explanation, some providers may routinely keep children hospitalized to administer multiple dexamethasone doses.

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VIJAY, Palaniswamy, Laszlo SZEKELY, Thomas X. AUFIERO et Thomas G. SHARP. « Coronary sinus adrenomedullin rises in response to myocardial injury ». Clinical Science 96, n^o 4 (1 avril 1999) : 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0960415.

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Human adrenomedullin (ADM), a peptide comprising 52 amino acids, is a circulating hormone with vasodilator properties. We have evaluated its release by the heart following ischaemic myocardial damage, as indicated by elevated levels of the cardiospecific protein troponin-T (Tn-T) during cardiopulmonary bypass. ADM (pg/ml) and Tn-T (ng/ml) were measured in coronary sinus blood before and after aortic cross-clamp and in venous blood 6 ;h after surgery in 22 coronary-bypass patients. Based on the pre- and post-clamp Tn-T levels in the coronary sinus, the patients were divided into group I (no change; n = 10) and group II (two times increase; n = 12). Baseline ADM (362.7±106.2 and 303±58.7 pg/ml in groups I and II respectively; means±S.D.) and Tn-T (0.66±0.14 and 0.57±0.13 ng/ml respectively) levels were similar in both groups. In group I, the post-clamp ADM (317.6±80.8 pg/ml) and Tn-T (0.68±0.15 ng/ml) levels did not change significantly. In group II, the post-clamp ADM levels rose significantly above the baseline, mimicking the change in Tn-T (ADM, 541.4±89.4 pg/ml; Tn-T, 1.37±0.31 ng/ml; P = 0.009). After 6 h, the systemic Tn-T levels were similar in both groups (2.09±0.44 and 1.95±0.52 ng/ml in groups I and II respectively). We suggest that: (1) minor degrees of myocardial ischaemic damage result in release of ADM by the heart, and (2) ADM may play a protective role in the myocardium during an ischaemic insult. This suggests a possible therapeutic role for ADM in the management of intra-operative myocardial ischaemia.

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Rojas-Valverde, Daniel, Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas et Jose I. Priego-Quesada. « Relationship between Skin Temperature Variation and Muscle Damage Markers after a Marathon Performed in a Hot Environmental Condition ». Life 11, n^o 8 (21 juillet 2021) : 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080725.

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This study aimed to assess the effect of a marathon running at a hot environmental temperature on the baseline skin temperature (Tsk) of the posterior day and to analyze the relationship between Tsk response and muscle damage markers variation. The Tsk, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase of 16 marathon runners were assessed four times before (15 days and 45 min) and after (24 h and 6 days) a marathon in a hot environment (thermal stress index = 28.3 ± 3.3 °C and humidity ~81%). The Tsk of thirteen different body regions of both right and left lower limbs were analyzed. Higher values after the marathon were observed than 45 min before in creatine kinase (174.3 ± 136.4 UI/L < 1159.7 ± 699.7 UI/L, p < 0.01 and large effect size) and lactate dehydrogenase (362.6 ± 99.9 UI/L < 438 ± 115.5 UI/L, p = 0.02 and moderate effect size). Generally, Tsk was higher the day after the marathon than at the other three moments (e.g., rectus femoris region, 6 days before vs. the day after, 95% confidence interval of the difference (0.3, 1.6 °C), p = 0.04 and large effect size). No relationship or correlation was observed between the variation of Tsk and muscle damage markers (p > 0.05). In conclusion, performing a marathon in a hot environmental condition results in a higher Tsk the day after the marathon. This increase in Tsk could be because of the heat generated by the marathon and its subsequent physiological processes (e.g., increase in endothelial nitric oxide, glycogen resynthesis, or increase of systemic hormones), which would be reflected in the Tsk due to the peripheral vasodilation promoted by the hot environment. However, among these processes, muscle damage does not seem to be of great importance due to the lack of an observed relationship between Tsk and muscle damage markers.

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Haji, Ramand Mohammed, Blend Barzan Ameen et Sharif Hama Babakr. « Evaluate the Implementation of WHO Infection Prevention and Control Core Components Among Health Care Facilities ». Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 9, n^o 1 (20 avril 2024) : 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2024.1.2.

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Programs for infection prevention and control comprise a range of action plans, including antiseptic regulations, a healthcare worker training program, and the monitoring of healthcare-associated infections. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the World Health Organization’s implementation of infection prevention and control programs level in Ranya tertiary and healthcare facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eight healthcare institutions in the Ranya administration in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from February 2023 to the end of August 2023 using the World Health Organization Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) checklist. The IPCAF consists of eight segments and each part has a score of 100, hence with the greatest score of 800. The respondents in this study were the heads of facilities and employees engaged in IPC-related tasks. The results show that 6 Healthcare staff (75%) had basic IPC levels, and they scored 235, 207.5, 222.5, 330, 362.5, and 347.5 out of 800 points respectively. Further, 2 Healthcare staff (25%) had inadequate IPC levels, and they scored 200 and 180 points. In addition, among the 8 IPC core components, the built environment and materials/equipment at the facility level (C8) had the highest scores, while minimum scores were observed in education, training (C3) and healthcare-associated infection surveillance (C4). In conclusion, the Ranya HCF facilities have certain working IPC aspects without appropriate implementation; further, practically all components need significant improvement.

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Cream, Carlos, Eugene Nattie et Aihua Li. « TRH microdialysis into the RTN of the conscious rat increases breathing, metabolism, and temperature ». Journal of Applied Physiology 87, n^o 2 (1 août 1999) : 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.2.673.

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injected into the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) of anesthetized rats produces a large, prolonged stimulation of ventilatory output (C. L. Cream, A. Li, and E. E. Nattie. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 792–799, 1997). Here we inject or dialyze TRH into the RTN of conscious rats. In 6 of 17 injections (200 nl, 3.1 ± 1.7 mM), ventilation (V˙e) increased 31% by 10 min, with recovery by 60 min. With dialysis, each animal of one group ( n = 5) received, in random order, 10 mM TRH, 10 mM TRHOH (a metabolite of TRH), and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF); each animal of a second group ( n = 5) received aCSF and 1 mM TRH. TRHOH and aCSF had no sustained effects. TRH (1 mM) increasedV˙e (32%, P < 0.02, by 10 min, with recovery by 60 min), O2 consumption (V˙o 2; 19%, P < 0.03), and body (rectal) temperature (Tre; 0.5°C, P < 0.09). TRH (10 mM) increasedV˙e (78%, P < 0.01, by 10 min, with no recovery at 60 min), V˙o 2(48%, P < 0.01), and Tre (1.0°C, P < 0.01). TRH also induced arousal. The tissue volume affected in dialysis, estimated by spread of dialyzed fluorescein (332.3 mol wt, mol wt of TRH = 362.4), was 1,580 ± 256 nl for 10 mM ( n = 5) and 590 ± 128 nl for 1 mM ( n = 5). We conclude that 1) the RTN is involved in the integration ofV˙e,V˙o 2, Tre, and arousal and 2) TRH may establish the responsiveness of RTN neurons.

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Alwi, Muhammad Mudassir Ahmad, Jyoti Singh, Arup Choudhury, SK Safdar Hossain et Akbar Niaz Butt. « Improvement in Electrochemical Performance of Waste Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Carbon via Hybridization with SiO2 Nanospheres ». Molecules 29, n^o 7 (31 mars 2024) : 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071569.

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Sugar industries generate substantial quantities of waste biomass after the extraction of sugar water from sugarcane stems, while biomass-derived porous carbon has currently received huge research attention for its sustainable application in energy storage systems. Hence, we have investigated waste sugarcane bagasse (WSB) as a cheap and potential source of porous carbon for supercapacitors. The electrochemical capacitive performance of WSB-derived carbon was further enhanced through hybridization with silicon dioxide (SiO2) as a cost-effective pseudocapacitance material. Porous WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ pyrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-modified WSB biomass. The morphological analysis confirms the pyrolytic growth of SiO2 nanospheres on WSB-C. The electrochemical performance of WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites was optimized by varying the SiO2 content, using two different electrolytes. The capacitance of activated WSB-C was remarkably enhanced upon hybridization with SiO2, while the nanocomposite electrode demonstrated superior specific capacitance in 6 M KOH electrolyte compared to neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 362.3 F/g at 0.25 A/g was achieved for the WSB-C/SiO2 105 nanocomposite. The capacitance retention was slightly lower in nanocomposite electrodes (91.7–86.9%) than in pure WSB-C (97.4%) but still satisfactory. A symmetric WSB-C/SiO2 105//WSB-C/SiO2 105 supercapacitor was fabricated and achieved an energy density of 50.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 250 W kg−1, which is substantially higher than the WSB-C//WSB-C supercapacitor (22.1 Wh kg−1).

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Selvaggi, Thomas A., Robert E. Walker et Thomas A. Fleisher. « Development of Antibodies to Fetal Calf Serum With Arthus-Like Reactions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Given Syngeneic Lymphocyte Infusions ». Blood 89, n^o 3 (1 février 1997) : 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.3.776.

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Abstract In an attempt to restore immune competence to 12 human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients, lymphocytes from their HIV-1–uninfected identical twin siblings were cultured in medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS), anti-CD3 antibody, and interleukin-2 (100 IU/mL) for 10 days and then infused into the patients. After multiple infusions, at 6- to 8-week intervals, half of the patients developed arthus-like reactions within 4 to 12 hours of infusion consisting of fever <39°C, hypotension, rigors, arthralgias, myalgias, headache, and/or malaise. Preinfusion and postinfusion serum samples were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to FCS using double immunodiffusion. All preinfusion serum samples were negative by this method while 8 of the 12 patients developed antibodies to a single component of FCS after two or more infusions of lymphocytes cultured in FCS-supplemented medium. Prick skin testing to standardized beef extract was negative in all patients. There was a correlation between initial CD4 level and the development of antibodies to FCS (median initial CD4 count in FCS antibody positive patients = 362.0/μL v median initial CD4 count of nonresponders = 135.0/μL). There was no correlation with response to recall antigens in delayed-type hypersensitivity testing. We conclude that selected patients were sensitized to a single component of FCS carried on donor lymphocytes, despite thorough washing of the cells before infusion. The development of antibodies to FCS indicates that immune complex formation could have occurred after the cell infusions, resulting in the arthus-like reactions. These observations suggest that the therapeutic use of human lymphocytes cultured in FCS may expose the recipient to immunogenic substances with possible clinical sequelae.

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Kamathker, A., K. B. Ranpariya et J. V. Polara. « Influence of saline and sodic irrigation water on Bajra- II : Effect on concentration and uptake of nutrient ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 17, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2022) : 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/17.1/28-31.

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A pot experiment was conducted at Net House, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the different levels of saline and sodic irrigation water on content and uptake of nutrient by bajra during the summer-2020. The treatment consist of four levels for each of salinity (2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) and sodicity (5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 SAR) of irrigation water on Bajra by adopting factorial CRD with three replications. The results indicated that application of different levels of saline and sodic irrigation water produced significant effect on concentration and uptake of N, P and K by grain and fodder of bajra crop.The highest N, P and K content (1.11%, 0.31% and 0.60 %) and uptake (225.5, 62.6 and 121.2 mg pot-1) by grain and content (0.88 %, 0.21% and 0.33%) and uptake (976.0, 225.8 and 362.5 mg pot-1) by fodder were observed with EC 2 dS m-1 level of salinity of irrigation water and the lowest content and uptake by grain were observed with EC 8 dS m-1 level of salinity of irrigation water, respectively. While the highest N, P and K content (1.15%, 0.30% and 0.59%) and uptake (256.9, 67.5 and 131.4 mg pot-1) by grain and content (0.98%, 0.19% and 0.34%) and uptake (1072.7, 210.6, 370.2 mg pot-1) by fodder were observed with SAR-5.0level of sodicity of irrigation water and the lowest content and uptake by grain were observed with SAR-20.0level of sodicityof irrigation water. The interaction effect between salinity and sodicity levels of irrigation water on uptake of N by grain and fodder where found significantly the highest with C1× S1(EC-2.0 dSm-1 ×SAR-5.0) level of salinity and sodicity of irrigation water.

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Prtina, Alma, Nela Rašeta Simović, Tatjana Milivojac, Milorad Vujnić, Milkica Grabež, Dragan Djuric, Miloš P. Stojiljković, Valentina Soldat Stanković, Miodrag J. Čolić et Ranko Škrbić. « The Effect of Three-Month Vitamin D Supplementation on the Levels of Homocysteine Metabolism Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines in Sera of Psoriatic Patients ». Biomolecules 11, n^o 12 (11 décembre 2021) : 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11121865.

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Psoriasis is an autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease. Psoriatic patients express higher levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration and pro-inflammatory mediators than healthy people; this is frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of high doses of vitamin D supplementation on the parameters of Hcy metabolism and cytokines in sera of psoriatic patients. This prospective study was conducted on 40 psoriatic patients who had the vitamin D deficiency. All patients received vitamin D 5000 IU/day for three months. Clinical and biochemical measurements were taken at baseline and at follow up (3 months). The results showed that the severity of clinical features, measured by the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, were considerably improved in patients after vitamin D supplementation. After vitamin D supplementation, most of the patients (n = 25 or 62.5%) had mild clinical form (p < 0.001). After twelve weeks of intervention period, there were significant increases in vitamin D and B12 serum levels in comparison to the levels that had been measured at the beginning of the study (56.77 ± 14.66 nmol/L and 301.08 ± 95.02 pg/mL vs. 103.85 ± 32.20 nmol/L and 362.81 ± 118.56 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Moreover, serum levels of Hcy and folate were significantly lower at the end of the study in comparison with the initial levels (12.45 ± 1.92 µmol/L and 8.01 ± 3.88 mg/mL vs. 10.38 ± 1.66 µmol/L and 6.27 ± 2.60 mg/mL, respectively). High doses of vitamin D supplementation led to a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), whereas the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-5) was up-regulated. In conclusion, supplementation with high doses of vitamin D could be one of the possible preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce systemic inflammation in psoriatic patients.

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Lepley, Lindsey K., Patrick O. McKeon, Shane G. Fitzpatrick, Catherine L. Beckemeyer, Timothy L. Uhl et Timothy A. Butterfield. « Neuromuscular Alterations After Ankle Sprains : An Animal Model to Establish Causal Links After Injury ». Journal of Athletic Training 51, n^o 10 (1 octobre 2016) : 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.13.

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Context: The mechanisms that contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability are not understood. Investigators have developed a hypothetical model in which neuromuscular alterations that stem from damaged ankle ligaments are thought to affect periarticular and proximal muscle activity. However, the retrospective nature of these studies does not allow a causal link to be established. Objective: To assess temporal alterations in the activity of 2 periarticular muscles of the rat ankle and 2 proximal muscles of the rat hind limb after an ankle sprain. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Five healthy adult male Long Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 400.0 ± 13.5 g). Intervention(s): Indwelling fine-wire electromyography (EMG) electrodes were implanted surgically into the biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles of the rats. We recorded baseline EMG measurements while the rats walked on a motor-driven treadmill and then induced a closed lateral ankle sprain by overextending the lateral ankle ligaments. After ankle sprain, the rats were placed on the treadmill every 24 hours for 7 days, and we recorded postsprain EMG data. Main Outcome Measure(s): Onset time of muscle activity, phase duration, sample entropy, and minimal detectable change (MDC) were assessed and compared with baseline using 2-tailed dependent t tests. Results: Compared with baseline, delayed onset time of muscle activity was exhibited in the biceps femoris (baseline = −16.7 ± 54.0 milliseconds [ms]) on day 0 (5.2 ± 64.1 ms; t4 = −4.655, P = .043) and tibialis anterior (baseline = 307.0 ± 64.2 ms) muscles on day 3 (362.5 ± 55.9 ms; t4 = −5.427, P = .03) and day 6 (357.3 ± 39.6 ms; t4 = −3.802, P = .02). Longer phase durations were observed for the vastus lateralis (baseline = 321.9 ± 92.6 ms) on day 3 (401.3 ± 101.2 ms; t3 = −4.001, P = .03), day 4 (404.1 ± 93.0 ms; t3 = −3.320, P = .048), and day 5 (364.6 ± 105.2 ms; t3 = −3.963, P = .03) and for the tibialis anterior (baseline = 103.9 ± 16.4 ms) on day 4 (154.9 ± 7.8 ms; t3 = −4.331, P = .050) and day 6 (141.9 ± 16.2 ms; t3 = −3.441, P = .03). After sprain, greater sample entropy was found for the vastus lateralis (baseline = 0.7 ± 0.3) on day 6 (0.9 ± 0.4; t4 = −3.481, P = .03) and day 7 (0.9 ± 0.3; t4 = −2.637, P = .050) and for the tibialis anterior (baseline = 0.6 ± 0.4) on day 4 (0.9 ± 0.5; t4 = −3.224, P = .03). The MDC analysis revealed increased sample entropy values for the vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior. Conclusions: Manually inducing an ankle sprain in a rat by overextending the lateral ankle ligaments altered the complexity of muscle-activation patterns, and the alterations exceeded the MDC of the baseline data.

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Sheludchenko, Vyacheslav M., et Alina K. Drakon. « Influence of complex application of heliox therapy and acupuncture on maximally corrected visual acuity in patients with acute form of central serous chorioretinopathy ». Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 21, n^o 2 (3 décembre 2022) : 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjpbr111036.

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BACKGROUND: Central serous chorioretinopathy is a socially significant problem, as it is one of the most common diseases of the retina. It is more common in males of working age. AIM: to evaluate the effect of the combined use of heliox therapy and acupuncture on the most corrected visual acuity in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 34 men (34 eyes) with central serous chorioretinopathy, whose mean age was 362.3 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups comparable according to clinical and laboratory data: the main one ― 22 people, average age 323.1 years, who in the first two weeks received a complex of physiotherapeutic treatment, including: heliox 21, for a course of 10 daily procedures and acupuncture, also for a course of 10 daily procedures, and a control ― 12 people, average age 341.5 years, who, after consulting a neurologist, were prescribed medication (light sedatives, the Nutrof vitamin complex, diuretics 1 time in 3 days with restoration of electrolyte balance, alcohol restriction), which served as a background in the main group. Visometry (visual acuity) was used to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Before treatment, after 2 weeks, after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months. RESULTS: Before treatment in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy, the maximum corrected visual acuity was reduced by 44.2% compared to the norm ― 0.950.05 (p 0.001) and comparable in the main group 0.540.05 and in the control group 0.530.05 (p=0.901). The maximum increase in visual acuity in patients of the main group was already two weeks later, with a subsequent increase in the indicator during the year, approaching the normal values at the last observation point (1 year). In addition, all patients after treatment noted a decrease in the intensity or exclusion of metamorphopsia. In the maximally corrected visual acuity control group, significantly less significant results were obtained at all control points. CONCLUSION: Under the influence of the combined use of heliox therapy and acupuncture in patients with acute form of central serous chorioretinopathy, a more pronounced and persistent increase in maximally corrected visual acuity occurred compared to drug treatment.

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Safiullin, N. T. « Spread of eimeriosis among calves under the conditions of south European part of Russia ». Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, n^o 2 (28 juin 2018) : 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-2-33-37.

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The purpose of the research: to define the degree of spread of eimeriosis among calves under the conditions of south European part of Russia. Materials and methods. The researches were carried out in 11 entities of Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory and Rostov Region in 2016-2017. The material for the researches was fecal specimen of cattle from entities of different forms of ownership. Total of 975 fecal specimen of cattle were studied. Fecal specimens were studied according to Fulleborn’s method. Invasion extensiveness (IE, %) and average number of oocysts in 1 g of feces were determined. Seasonal dynamics of infection of young stock cattle was studied by studies of fecal specimens of 38 heads in January - February, 43 heads in March - May, 64 heads during summer and 55 heads during autumn period. Influence of the stock density of calves in a pen on infection by eimeria was studied on 249 calves, among which 62 animals were kept in individual pens, 25 animals were kept in a pen for 2-5 animals, 28 calves were kept in a pen for 6-10 animals, 55 calves were kept in a pen for 11-15 animals and 75 calves were kept in a pen for 16 animals and more. Fecal specimens were studied three times. Obtained results were processed statistically. Results and discussion. Animals were infected by eimeria regardless of the type of entity. Average infection of the cattle in all tested entities was 47.43% when 180.5±8.3 samples of oocysts were found in average in 1 g of feces. In entities the infection of young stock cattle varied from 0 to 100% with maximum result at Urozhaynoe CJSC of Stavropol Territory when 362.3±9.7 samples of oocysts were found in 1 g of feces. To the fullest extent calves were infected by eimeria at the age of 3-4 months (IE 70.73%) when 364.3±8.2 samples of oocysts were found in 1 g of feces in average. Mature animals were infected minimally (IE 20.0%). Maximum animal infection was in spring and in autumn, 53.49% and 61.81% respectively when 282.3±7.5 and 324.6±8.3 samples of oocysts were available in 1 g of feces. It was established, that while rising the stocking rate of calves in the pen the eimeria infection also greatly increases. Minimal invasion was in calves which were kept in individual pens.

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Murzina, A. A., A. V. Zubkov, O. A. Svitich et A. N. Kaira. « Immunological Efficacy of Vaccination against COVID-19 in Employees of Medical Institutions of Various Profiles : Psychiatric Hospital and Regional Hospital ». Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 22, n^o 6 (6 janvier 2024) : 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-6-90-98.

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Relevance. On the territory of the Russian Federation, mass vaccination of the population is recognized as a priority health strategy against COVID-19, Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine has been widely used. The main risk group, which is subject to priority vaccination, are employees of medical organizations (MO). The determination of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 is an important parameter for assessing the intensity and duration of post-vaccination immunityAims. Study the immunological efficacy of the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac used by employees of a psychiatric hospital and a regional hospital.Materials and methods. A study of the blood sera of 410 employees of two MO of various profiles who received one full course of the Gam-COVID-Vac» vaccine for the presence of IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 using a set of reagents «SARS-CoV-2-IgG quantitative-ELISA-BEST» and IgG to NC SARS-CoV-2 using a set of reagents «ELISA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG».Results and discussion. Specific IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with «Gam-COVIDVac » were found in 92.9% of psychiatric hospital staff and 98.0% of the regional hospital. Antibodies of class G to SARS-CoV-2 with a level of 300 BAU/ml or more were detected in 11.6% of psychiatric hospital staff and in 70.0% of regional hospitals, which is associated with the smallest proportion of persons in a psychiatric hospital with hybrid immunity than in a regional hospital (67.4% vs. 89.0%, respectively). A study of employees of the Ministry of Defense of various profiles revealed a difference in the level of IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2: 178.0 BAU/ml in a psychiatric hospital and 366.0 BAU/ml in a regional hospital. In a psychiatric hospital, the IgG level was highest up to 3 months after the completed vaccination – 166.4 BAU/ml, in a regional hospital from 3 to 6 months – 362.8 BAU/ml, then the number of antibodies decreases, which indicates the importance of monitoring for class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at different times after vaccinations. Among the employees of the two MO, mild forms of the COVID-19 disease prevailed.Conclusion. Thus, the high immunological effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with Gam-COVID-Vac was established in a group of employees of two MO, and the need for serological monitoring for the purpose of revaccination was also shown.

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Herrick, J. R., C. Ploog, R. Santymire, J. Aaltonen, K. Traylor-Holzer, O. Byers, D. Armstrong et T. Harris. « 104 Teratospermia in tigers : Evidence for declining sperm quality over time ». Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, n^o 1 (2019) : 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab104.

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Ejaculate traits in male tigers (Panthera tigris) were studied in the 1980s, but little work has been done on male tigers since then and the reproductive status of the current zoo population is not known. In order to characterise ejaculate traits in male tigers, semen was collected by electroejaculation (90 to 100 stimulations, 3 to 7V), subjected to a standard semen analysis (volume and pH and sperm concentration, motility, and morphology), and cryopreserved. To date, semen has been collected from 24 males (n=16 Amur tigers, Panthera tigris altaica, 10.3±1.1 y; n=7 Sumatran tigers, Panthera tigris sumatrae, 9.4±1.3 y; n=1 Malayan tiger, Panthera tigris jacksoni, 6 y), maintained at 18 USA institutions. Ejaculates (4.7±0.6 mL; pH=8.4±0.1) contained 240.3±54.9×106 spermatozoa, which yielded 357 straws of cryopreserved spermatozoa that were used to establish a Tiger Genome Resource Bank. The majority of the spermatozoa were motile (69.2±4.6%), but the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting normal morphology was very low (18.7±3.3%) and similar between both Amur (20.0±4.8%) and Sumatran (16.3±5.2%) males, with the majority of abnormalities affecting the midpiece (retained cytoplasmic droplets, bent midpieces, or both). Previous studies of male tigers that utilised comparable anaesthesia regimens and collection techniques recovered similar quantities of semen (5 to 10mL), but the proportions of normal spermatozoa in those studies (>65%) were very high (Wildt et al. 1988 Biol. Reprod. 38, 245; Byers et al. 1990 J. Reprod. Fert. 90, 119). Proportions of normal spermatozoa in the current study more closely resemble those reported for the teratospermic (<40% normal spermatozoa) clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, 18.5% normal spermatozoa, Pukazhenthi et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1790) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus, 18.4% normal spermatozoa, Crosier et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 19, 370), as well as the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis, 27% normal spermatozoa). The number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was also decreased in Amur tigers (190.1±67.7×106) compared to Sumatran tigers in the current study (362.9±99.5×106) and earlier studies of other Amur tigers (>500×106). The reasons for this apparent decline in sperm quality are unclear, but reduced proportions of normal spermatozoa have been associated with reduced heterozygosity in small, isolated populations of felids (Florida panthers, South China tigers) or species that have been through a genetic bottleneck (cheetahs). Semen collections and evaluations will continue in order to determine if trends for compromised sperm quality are representative of the current SSP population(s) or an artifact of our reduced sample size. Additional studies investigating possible environmental, genetic, or nutritional influences on sperm morphology are also warranted. This work is supported by grants from Association of Zoo and Aquarium’s Conservation Grants Fund and Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium’s Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund.

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Gasparini Vieira, M. L., M. Farinon, R. T. Pedo, V. Schuck Clarimundo, A. Zaha, H. Bunselmeyer Ferreira, K. Mariante Monteiro, P. Gnieslaw de Oliveira et R. Xavier. « AB0079 THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTIGEN B, A PROTEIN FROM ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS, IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 mai 2022) : 1171.2–1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2858.

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BackgroundAntigen B (AgB) is a lipoprotein secreted in the hydatic cyst by Echinococcus granulosus larval stage and seems to be responsible for regulating the immune balance of host via Th2 response to promote survival of the parasite. A Th2 response can suppress the pro-inflammatory Th1 response generated in several immunopathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of AgB in mice models of Zymozan-induced arthritis (ZIA), Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsIn all models, mice were divided into three groups: vehicle (saline), AgB 2 μg and AgB 10 μg (intraperitoneal once a day). In ZIA, arthritis was induced in Balb/c mice with an intra-articular (ia) injection of zymosan in the left knee joint thirty minutes after treatment. Nociception was analyzed over a 6h period and mice were euthanized 6h after arthritis induction to assess leukocyte migration into the joint. In AIA, Balb/C mice were sensitized by subcutaneous (sc) injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) on day 0. Booster was administered on days 7 and 14. On day 21, arthritis was induced by ia injection of mBSA in the left knee joint. The treatment was performed 24h and 30min before the ia injection of mBSA. Nociception was analyzed over a 24h period and mice were euthanized 24h after arthritis induction to assess leukocyte migration into the joint. Male DBA/1J mice had CIA by subcutaneous injection of an emulsion containing Freund’s adjuvant and bovine collagen type II on days 0 and 18. The treatment took place between the 18th and 45th day after induction, as well as the evaluation of clinical arthritis score and nociception. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF were evaluated in AIA and CIA.ResultsIn ZIA, both doses of AgB diminished leukocytes migration to the knee joint compared with vehicle (AgB 2µg: 5.8±2.7; AgB 10µg: 5.6±2.7; vehicle: 4.8±3.1, p<0.05), but did not affect nociception. In AIA, both doses of AgB reduced nociception (AgB 2µg: 7.3±1.6; AgB 10µg: 7.2±1.6; vehicle: 6.0±2.1, p<0.01). Moreover, treatment with 2 μg of AgB inhibited in 70% the neutrophils migration (12.0±9.0, p<0.001) as well as it was reduced in mice treated with 10 μg of AgB as much as 58% (8.9±7.5, p<0.001), compared with control/vehicle (55.9±30.9). In addition, both doses reduced serum levels of IL-6 (AgB 2µg: 2.85±2.63; AgB 10µg: 3.10±3.18; vehicle: 27.07±30.28, p<0.01) and the dosage of 2 μg reduced the levels of IFN-γ (AgB 2µg: 0.53±0.27; vehicle: 1.47±0.46, p<0.05). In CIA, AgB treatment did not affected clinical score of arthritis (AgB 2µg: 4.6±3.8; AgB 10µg: 2.6±2.9; vehicle: 4.8±3.8, p>0.05), but the 2 μg dose improved nociception at day 32 after disease induction (7.1±1.2, p<0.05) and diminished serum levels of IL-6 (AgB 2µg: 68.9±71.8; vehicle: 475.7±362.3, p<0.05;) and TNF (AgB 2µg: 49.3±31.1; vehicle: 115.9±19.58; p<0.01), while the dose of 10 μg improved nociception at days 25, 32 and 34 after CIA induction (7.2±1.2, p<0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest an effect of AgB on the initial pathophysiology of arthritis, reducing the influx of inflammatory cells to the knee joints of mice with acute arthritis. It also showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential on murine models of rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting the immunomodulatory role of parasitic helminth proteins on immune-mediated diseases.References[1]Monteiro KM, Cardoso MB, Follmer C, da Silveira NP, Vargas DM, Kitajima EW, et al. Echinococcus granulosus antigen B structure: subunit composition and oligomeric states. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012.[2]Mesquita Júnior, D. et al. Immune system - part II: basis of the immunological response mediated by T and B lymphocytes. Revista Brasileira De Reumatologia, v. 50, n. 5, p. 552–580, 2010.AcknowledgementsWe thank the Animal Experimentation Unit from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) for their help during animal experimentation.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Prasad, Bhanu, Maryam Jafari, Julie Toppings, Linda Gross, Joanne Kappel et Flora Au. « Economic Benefits of Switching From Intravenous to Subcutaneous Epoetin Alfa for the Management of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients ». Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (janvier 2020) : 205435812092753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358120927532.

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Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents including epoetin alfa have been a mainstay of anemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Although the standard practice has been to administer epoetin alfa to patients on hemodialysis (HD) intravenously (IV), subcutaneous (SQ) epoetin alfa is longer acting and achieve the same target hemoglobin level to be maintained at a reduced dose and cost. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the economic benefits of change in route of epoetin alfa administration from IV to SQ in HD patients. The secondary objectives were (1) to determine the differences in epoetin alfa doses at the pre-switch (IV) and post-switch period (SQ) and (2) to determine serum hemoglobin concentration, transferrin saturation, ferritin level, IV iron dose and cost in relationship to route of epoetin alfa administration. Design: This retrospective observational study included patients who transitioned from IV to SQ epoetin alfa. Setting: Two HD sites in southern Saskatchewan (Regina General Hospital, and Wascana Dialysis Unit, Regina) and 2 sites in northern Saskatchewan (St. Paul’s [SPH] Hospital, and SPH Community Renal Health Center, Saskatoon). Patients: The study includes 215 patients who transitioned from IV to SQ and were alive at the end of 12-month follow-up period. Measurements: We calculated the dose and cost of different routes of epoetin alfa administration/patient month. Also, serum hemoglobin, markers of iron stores (transferrin saturation and ferritin), IV iron dose, and cost were determined in relation to route of epoetin alfa administration. Methods: Data were gathered from 6 months prior (IV) to 12 months after switching treatment to SQ. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare variables between pre-switch (IV) and post-switch (SQ) period. Results: The median cost (interquartile range) of epoetin alfa/patient-month decreased from (CAD508.3 [CAD349-CAD900.8]) pre-switch (IV) to (CAD381.2 [CAD247-CAD681]) post-switch (SQ) ( P < .001), a decrease of 25%. The median epoetin alfa dose/patient-month reduced from (38 500 [25 714.3-64 166.5] international unit) pre-switch to (26 750.3 [17 362.6-48 066] IU) post-switch ( P < .001), a decrease of 30.51%. The mean hemoglobin concentration (± standard deviation) for patients in both periods remained stable (103.3 ± 9.2 vs 104.3 ± 13.3 g/L, P = .34) and within the target range. There were no significant differences in transferrin saturation, ferritin, and IV iron dose and cost between the 2 study periods. Limitations: We were unable to consistently obtain information across all the sites on hospitalizations, inflammatory markers, nutritional status, and gastrointestinal bleeding. In addition, as our study sample was subject to survival bias, we cannot generalize our study results to other populations. Conclusions: We have shown that administering epoetin alfa SQ in HD patients led to a 30.51% reduction in dose and 25% reduction in cost while achieving equivalent hemoglobin levels. Given the cost sparing advantages without compromising care while achieving comparable hemoglobin levels, HD units should consider converting to SQ mode of administration. Trial registration: The study was not registered on a publicly accessible registry as it was a retrospective chart review and exempted from review by the Research Ethics Board of the former Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region.

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Dander, Erica, Federica Portale, Daniela Silvestri, Giulia Cricrì, Silvia Bresolin, Stefania Gaspari, Barbara Russo et al. « Activin A, a Potential Key Factor of the Malignant Bone Marrow Niche, Enhances B-Cell Precursor-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Cell Migratory and Invasive Properties ». Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116668.

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Abstract The bone marrow (BM) represents a peculiar microenvironment characterized by a high concentration of growth factors and cytokines necessary for hematopoiesis, that make it a sanctuary for leukemic cell homing, survival and proliferation. B-cell precursor-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL) reprogram the BM stroma to create a leukemia-supporting and chemoprotective niche. Strategies to modulate the microenvironment could offer new approaches for anti-leukemia therapies. We identified ActivinA, a TGF-β family member, with a well-described promoting role in several solid malignancies, as a new potentially targetable leukemia-favoring factor. ActivinA resulted overexpressed in the BM plasma of 108 BCP-ALL pediatric patients compared to 44 Healthy Donors (HDs), as evaluated by ELISA assay. Upon in vitro culture, primary BCP-ALL cells significantly increased ActivinA secretion by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from HD BM. Interestingly this effect was achieved both by cell-to-cell contact-mediated mechanisms (direct contact) and by soluble factor release (transwell-mediated co-culture). Interestingly, MSCs isolated from the BM of leukemic patients showed an intrinsic ability to secrete higher amounts of ActivinA (mean=983.6±362.9 pg/mL), compared to their normal counterpart (mean=218.5±31.99 pg/mL). In addition, we demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are increased in the leukemic BM and that they were able to synergize with leukemic blasts in inducing ActivinA release by MSCs (>100 fold increase compared to basal production). Both type I and type II Activin receptors were found to be expressed by leukemic cells as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis of ALK4, ACVR2A and ACVR2B receptors and western blot analysis of ALK2. Of note, ActivinA exposure could increase the mRNA expression levels of type I receptors ALK2 and ALK4, thus suggesting a possible self-reinforcing mechanism. Gene expression analysis of ActivinA-treated BCP-ALL cells showed that this protein was able to significantly influence motility-associated molecular pathways. Accordingly, time lapse microscopy analyses revealed that ActivinA significantly increased random motility of leukemic cells (p<0.0001). In addition, ActivinA was able to almost double the migration of BCP-ALL primary cells in response to CXCL12, as demonstrated by in vitro chemotaxis assays. The specificity of the observed effect was demonstrated by using the ALK4 specific inhibitor SB431542. CXCL12 reduction is one of the typical microenvironmental alterations occurring in the leukemic BM. In line with literature data, we showed 6-fold decrese of CXCL12 levels in the BM of BCP-ALL patients compared to HDs (p<0.0001). Dose-responses chemotaxis experiments revealed that ActivinA was able to sensitize leukemic cells to suboptimal CXCL12 concentrations. On the other site, ActivinA exerted an opposite effect on CD34+ cells isolated both from HD cord blood or BM. In detail, in HD-CD34+ cells ActivinA severely impaired CXCL12-induced migration (p<0.0001). This opposite effect could be explained by ActivinA ability to increase free cytosolic calcium only in leukemic cells, both basally and after addition of CXCL12 (flow cytometry analysis of Fluo-4 NW stained cells). Of note, calcium levels of HD-CD34+ cells resulted unaffected or even decreased (in 2 out of 3 experiments performed) by ActivinA treatment. Since calcium is critically involved in boosting cytoskeleton dynamics, we analysed, by flow cytometry, actin polymerization in phalloidin stained BCP-ALL cells. Interestingly, ActivinA treatment of BCP-ALL cells significantly increased the rate of conversion of globular into filamentous actin, which is a prerequisite of site-directed migration, as soon as CXCL12 was added. Moreover, ActivinA resulted a leukemia-promoting factor: protein treatment significantly increased the in vitro migration of BCP-ALL cells through Matrigel-coated transwells in response to CXCL12, thus stimulating leukemic cell invasiveness. Overall, ActivinA resulted a key factor conferring a migratory advantage to leukemic cells over healthy hematopoiesis within the leukemic niche. Indeed, our in vitro findings provide the biological rationale for designing novel therapeutical approaches targeting the leukemia-stroma interplay. Disclosures Locatelli: bluebird bio: Consultancy; Bellicum: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Miltenyi: Honoraria.

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Vichinsky, Elliott P., Janet Kwiatkowski, Patricia J. Giardina, Carole Paley, Francis Vekeman, Wendy Y. Cheng, Joseph Damron et al. « Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Thalassemia (Thal) Intermedia (TI) in the United States ». Blood 126, n^o 23 (3 décembre 2015) : 3279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3279.3279.

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Abstract Introduction TI is increasingly prevalent in the US due to changing immigration patterns. It is underdiagnosed, leading to inadequate or delayed management. This study reviewed the prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of TI in patients (pts) in the US. Methods Medical records from 1/1997- 4/2014 at 4 US hematology centers were reviewed. Index date was the 1st TI visit at a center on or after 1/1/1997. Eligible pts had a TI diagnosis (≤8 mean packed red blood cell transfusions per year (yr) over a ≥3-y period after index date) and ≥12 months of follow-up. Data spanned from index date to death or last record. Descriptive analyses of demographic and clinical data were done by TI subtype. Results Of 138 pts enrolled, 84 had α-thal, 39 had β-thal, and 15 had E/β-thal. 74% of α-thal pts had deletional (del) Hb H, and 26% had non-deletional (ndel) Hb H. 59% of β-thal pts had homozygous or compound heterozygous β-globin mutations (8% with α deletion, 51% without), 20% had a single β mutation with α-gene triplication, 13% had autosomal dominant β thal, and 8% had other β-globin mutations. Of the E/β-thal pts, 80% had E/β0 and 20% had E/β+. Median age at index date was 2.3 yr (1.64 del; 6.1 ndel) in the α-thal group, 9.2 yr in the β-thal group, and 2.2 yr in the E/β-thal group. Most α-thal (77%) and E/β-thal (87%) pts were Asian; most β-thal pts were White (46%) or African-American (36%). Most α-thal (56%) and E/β-thal (53%) pts were of Southeast Asian origin; most β-thal pts were of Mediterranean (31%) or African (21%) origin. 21%, 10%, and 20% of α, β, and E/β-thal pts, respectively, were foreign-born, and 5%, 3% and 7%, respectively, were transfused outside of the US. Observation length was similar across subtypes (median: 5.3 yr). Clinical comorbidities are shown in Table 1. 22% of pts received ≥1 transfusion, while 7% of pts received ≥8 transfusions in any 1 yr to treat anemia, acute hemolysis, or cardiac abnormality; increased transfusions were initiated due to growth failure, acute hemolysis, or unspecified reasons. β-thal pts had a higher mean number of transfusions per pt per yr (PPPY) (α: 0.4 (0.0 del; 1.5 ndel), β: 0.9, E/β: 0.2) and higher mean serum ferritin (ng/mL) (204.3; 511.7; 362.4), and more often had iron chelation therapy (ICT) (11%; 28%; 7%). There was an association between higher serum ferritin, more frequent transfusions, and older age. In pts <10 yr, mean number of transfusions PPPY for regularly and ever transfused was 4.0 and 2.1, and serum ferritin for regularly, ever, and never transfused was 723.7, 438.0, and 146.4 ng/mL. In pts >18 yr, these values were 9.8 and 4.6 transfusions PPPY and 1166.8, 1042.2, and 521.4 ng/mL. An association also existed between ICT and higher mean serum ferritin (ICT: 769.9; no ICT: 463.7 ng/mL). 22% of pts had ≥1 liver iron test, and 18% had ≥1 cardiac iron test. Tested pts were older than those not tested (median yr, liver iron: 26.1 vs 7.4; cardiac: 20.1 vs 4.6). Among tested pts, 78% (25/32) had abnormal liver iron results. Median (range) LIC based on R2 or SQUID was 10.8 (2.5-18.2) mg/g dw, with corresponding within-12-month serum ferritin of 494 (127-1770) ng/mL. 49% (17/35) of pts tested had abnormal cardiac results based on electrocardiogram or echocardiogram. Table 1. Clinical comorbidities All α-thal α-thal del α-thal ndel β-thal E/β-thal N=138 N=84 N=62 N=22 N=39 N=15 Splenomegaly 54% 55% 39% 100% 51% 60% Extramedullary hematopoiesis 28% 24% 13% 55% 36% 33% Growth retardation 21% 23% 18% 36% 13% 33% Hepatomegaly 21% 24% 13% 55% 15% 20% Infections needing hospitalization/IV antibiotics 21% 25% 19% 41% 15% 13% Hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia 15% 17% 8% 41% 10% 20% Osteopenia/osteoporosis 13% 11% 5% 27% 21% 7% Bone deformities 9% 6% 5% 9% 21% 0% Splenectomy and/or cholecystectomy 9% 5% 2% 14% 21% 0% Cardiomegaly 4% 6% 2% 18% 0% 7% Conclusion TI in the US affects a diverse population. Our data showed a higher prevalence in African-Americans than previously documented. Rates of comorbidity and transfusion frequency increased with age. 18% and 4% of pts were born and transfused outside of the US, potentially leading to additional transfusion-related morbidity. Consistent with extant data, serum ferritin in TI often underestimated actual LIC, rendering more pts potentially eligible for ICT than observed. Morbidities observed in this study underscore the need for better and earlier diagnosis, substantiating the need for nationwide TI screening/surveillance to optimize management. Disclosures Vichinsky: Novartis: Research Funding. Kwiatkowski:Novartis: Research Funding; Sideris Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Shire Pharmaceuticals and Sideris Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; ISIS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Paley:Novartis: Employment. Vekeman:Novartis: Research Funding. Cheng:Novartis: Research Funding. Damron:Novartis: Research Funding. McCormick:Novartis: Research Funding. Sasane:Novartis: Employment. Qiu:Novartis: Employment. Duh:Novartis: Research Funding. Thompson:Bluebird bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Mast: Research Funding; Apopharma: Consultancy; Baxter: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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Santos, Maria Emilia Soares Martins, Marcos Augusto Nascimento Porto, Pablo Rayner Sousa Marinho, Michael Eder Oliveira et Paulo Afonso Granjeiro. « Effect of Surfactin Administration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet ». FASEB Journal 31, S1 (avril 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.944.14.

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The high intake of high fat diet has been related with several changes on glucose and lipid metabolism and also on gut microbiota composition. Surfactin is an active compound produced by a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and yeast that have important biological activities as anti‐tumour, anti‐microbial and anti‐inflammatory. Oral probiotics or their secreted factors are becoming the novel strategy for treatment of metabolism alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659) on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high fat diet. Male mice (n=6/group) were fed with a control (C) or high fat (HF) diets and water ad libitum for 10 weeks. One group (HFS) was orally administrated with 5 mg/kg body weight of Surfactin once a week for 4 doses. Surfactin was isolated and purified from Bacillus subtilis culture. It was lyophilized and later dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) before the administration. Food (g) and water intake (ml) were measured daily. Body weight (g) was evaluated weekly. After 10 weeks, mice were euthanized and blood was collected. Using commercial kits the levels (mg/dl) of glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHO), HDL and VLDL cholesterol were measured. Epididymal (EAT) and retroperitoneal (RAT) adipose tissue depots were collected and weighted (g). Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed using T‐test. P<0.05 was considered significant for all data.No difference was observed in body weight between the groups however HF and HFS groups eat and drink less than C. An increase of ~47% at EAT was observed in HL (2.69±0.31) vs C (1.83±0.18). There was no difference at RAT in any group. There was an increase of ~27% in HF (362.7±11) vs C (284.9±30) and a decrease of ~20% in HFS (289.3±34) vs HF (362.9±11) at GLU. An increase of ~47% at CHO in HF (155.5±10.9) vs C (105.6±3.4) and also in HDL (~59%) HF (112.4±6.5) vs C (70.4±3.9) was observed. TAG was decreased ~32% in HF (109.8±2.9) vs C (162.9±19.1) and also in HFS (~30%) (76.4±11) vs HL (109.8±2.9). Same pattern of results were observed in VLDL.In conclusion, we observed that HF diet intake was able to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and surfactin seems to be efficient in the control of glycemia and tryglyceredemia. We hipothesize that these effects achieved are due surfactin action on anti‐inflammatory cytokines production and/or changes in gut microbiota composition.Support or Funding InformationCNPq

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Minocha, Neha, Parijat Pandey, Nidhi Sharma et Sangita Saini. « Development of Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) Extract Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using Central Composite Design and its Characterization- Its In-vitro Anti-cancer Activity ». Current Nanomaterials 09 (16 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0124054615266447231107070012.

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Abstract: The prevalence of cancer around the world is identified as a multifactorial ailment. One of the most common causes of cancer in the world is oxidative stress, and this can be overcome by taking the herbal plant wheatgrass in any form. As colloidal carriers with particle sizes of 50- 1,000nm, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) combine the benefits of liposomes, emulsions, and other colloidal systems to deliver drugs to their targets. Using the hot homogenization method, the present work aimed to formulate wheatgrass-loaded chitosan solid lipid nanoparticles using a central composite design. This study investigated the effect of three formulation variables on particle size, namely the sodium alginate concentration, the calcium carbonate concentration, and the homogenization time. Extraction of wheatgrass was done in a soxhlet extractor, using methanolic extract. The hot homogenization technique was used to prepare Triticum aestivum extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). For CCD, all formulations were analyzed for particle size, which ranged from 362.5 to 933.8 nm, and for polydispersity index, which ranged from 0.137 to 5.799. Batch code SLN-6 was found to be the finest suitable because of a maximum loading capacity of 67.76 ±0.17 % (w/w), maximum entrapment efficiency of 65.81±0.11 % (w/w), and minimum particle size of 362.5nm by using sodium alginate as a surface stabilizer at homogenization time ~ 5 min and having maximum percentage yield of 43.66%. During characterization studies and MCF-6 cell line studies, it was found that wheatgrass has anti-oxidant potential, and is potent against breast cancer.

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Kashif, Mariam Shamim, Najia Uzair, Lubna Feroz et Asaad Mehmood. « Sub-Threshold Micro Pulse Laser (810NM) : Treatment for Chronic Central Serous Retinopathy ». Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 37, n^o 2 (6 mars 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v37i2.1152.

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Purpose: To find the effectiveness of sub-threshold (810nm) micropulse diode laser treatment (SMT) in chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR). Study Design: Interventional case series. Place and Duration of Study: Layton Rahmatulla benevolent trust eye hospital, from April 2019 to July 2020. Methods: The patients of chronic CSR (≥ 6 months) participated in the study. We used Spectral Domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to record baseline central retinal thickness (CT). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded with Snellen’s chart and converted to Log MAR for statistical analysis. All patients underwent treatment with sub-threshold laser (810nm) in micropulse mode with 5% duty cycle (DC). Results: Twenty five eyes with chronic CSR were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated with laser and final assessment was made at 6 months. Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.46 Log MAR ± 0.12 and a mean baseline CT of 362.2 μm ± 32.6µm. At final follow-up there was a mean decrease in CT of 97.2 μm ± 21.8 from the baseline. After treatment mean BCVA was 0.33 Log MAR ± 0.12 and mean CT was 266 μm ± 20.9. Nineteen out of twenty-five eyes (76%) achieved a gain of vision between 1 to 3 lines and gain of 3 lines was achieved in 8% of cases. At the final follow-up there was incomplete resolution of sub retinal fluid in 4 eyes (16%) with no improvement in BCVA. Conclusion: SMT (810 nm) is an effective and minimally invasive treatment modality for chronic CSR. Key Words: Sub-Threshold micropulse laser, Central serous retinopathy, Central retinal thickness, sub retinal fluid.

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M, Paramasivan, et Jothimani S. « Influence of Organic Amendments and Fertigation on Growth, Yield, Quality of Watermelon (CitrulluslanatusThunb.) and Available Nutrient Status in Their Land (Red Sand Dune) of Southern Tamil Nadu ». Madras Agricultural Journal 110, March (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000721.

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The present investigation was carried out at Thirumaraiyur village, Sattankulamtaluk, Thoothukudi district, to study the effect of organic amendments with the recommended dose of fertilizers on the growth and yield of watermelon in Ther isoil (red sand dunes) during the year 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept (FRBD). There were three factors as organic amendments with 6 treatment combinations for each factor, which were assigned at random in each plot with three replications. The recommended dose of fertilizers in treatments was two levels 75 and 100 percent. Among the treatment combinations, the tank silt application @ 100 t ha-1 with 100 per cent recommended fertilizer as 200:100:100 kg of NPK ha-1 through Fertigation at 7 days interval (A1N5) produced the maximum number of branches (10.67), longest vine (362.0 cm), number of fruits plant-1 (2.57), the weight of fruit (5.27 kg), fruit yield (68.77 t ha-1), total soluble solid (TSS) 10.94%), ascorbic acid (8.08 (mg 100g-1), gross return ( 4,09,320/ha), B:C ratio (2.45), uptake of NPK 41.51, 3.93 and 31.94 kg ha-1, respectively) compared to other treatments. Significant built-up of organic carbon (0.52%), available N (253.47 kg ha-1 ), P (16.40 kg ha-1) and K (218.40 kg ha-1) were registered with the application of tank silt application @ 100 t ha-1 with 100 per cent recommended fertilizer as 200:100:100 kg of NPK ha-1 through Fertigation at 7 days interval (A1N5).

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Ikeda, Tatsunori, Hisayoshi Murai, Manabu Fujimoto, Tadayuki Hirai, Soichiro Usui, Masayuki Takamura, Keiko Ikeda et Kazuyasu Okeie. « Abstract 12622 : Long Term Use of Adaptive Servo Ventilation Improves and Maintains Cardiac Function in Patients With Heart Failure With Central Sleep Apnea and Prevents Readmission Due to Worsening Heart Failure Compared to Short Term Use ». Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (7 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.12622.

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Introduction: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is closely associated with poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) was expected as a new treatment for HF patients with CSA. However, the efficacy of ASV is controversial, especially the efficacy of long-term use has remained unclear. Methods: We retrospectively examined all HF patients with CSA treated with ASV seen between May 2008 and November 2022 in our hospital who had not been admitted to the hospital due to worsening HF in the 6 months before initiating ASV therapy. We divided them into 2 groups: (A) non-continues-ASV-treated patients; (B) continues-ASV-treated patients. The outcome was a composite of readmission due to worsening HF and all-cause mortality. Results: During a median follow-up of 10.3 years after leaving the hospital, 11 patients died out of 101 patients. Twenty-two patients (group A) could not continue to use ASV because of its discomfort. Seventy-nine patients (group B) could continue to use the ASV device at night after leaving the hospital over a long period. There were almost no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. In group B, during 6-, 12-, and 24-month observations, left ventricular ejection fraction (46.4 +/- 17.9 to 47.1 +/- 15.6, 49.8 +/- 15.8, and 48.2+/- 18.9%, p<0.05 compared with baseline) and brain natriuretic peptide (685.5 +/- 1087.2 to 233.1+/- 362.9, 391.8 +/- 929.0 and 166.9 +/- 195.1 pg/ml, p<0.05 compared with baseline) improved significantly. And there was significantly less readmission by worsening HF than in group A (log-rank P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in all-cause mortality between the two groups (log-rank P=0.221). Conclusions: This study showed that long-term ASV therapy for more than 10 years reduced readmission by worsening HF with CSA patients compared to short-term use due to improved and maintained cardiac function but did not affect mortality.

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Platz, Uwe, Henry Halm, Björn Thomsen, Ferenc Pecsi, Mark Köszegvary, Nina Bürger, Clara Berlin et Markus Quante. « Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) or Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) for Fusion Surgery in L5/S1 – What Is the Best Way to Restore a physiological Alignment ? » Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, 8 septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1560-3106.

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Abstract Study Design A retrospective single center cohort study with prospective collected data from an institutional spine registry. Objectives To determine whether restoration of lordosis L5/S1 is possible with both anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and to find out which technique is superior to recreate lordosis in L5/S1. Methods Seventy-seven patients with ALIF and seventy-nine with TLIF L5/S1 were included. Operation time, estimated blood loss), and complications were evaluated. Segmental lordosis L5/S1 and L4/5, overall lordosis, and proximal lordosis (L1 to L4) were measured in X-rays before and after surgery. Oswesery disability index and EQ-5D were assessed before surgery, and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Results Mean operation time was 176.9 minutes for ALIF and 195.7 minutes for TLIF (p = 0.048). Estimated blood loss was 249.2 cc for ALIF and 362.9 cc for TLIF (p = 0.005). In terms of complications, only a difference in dural tears were found (TLIF 6, ALIF none; p = 0.014). Lordosis L5/S1 increased in the ALIF group (15.8 to 24.6°; p < 0.001), whereas no difference was noted in the TLIF group (18.4 to 19.4°; p = 0.360). Clinical results showed significant improvement in the Oswesery disability index (ALIF: 43 to 21.9, TLIF: 45.2 to 23.0) and EQ-5D (ALIF: 0.494 to 0.732, TLIF: 0.393 to 0.764) after 12 months in both groups, without differences between the groups. Conclusion ALIF and TLIF are comparable methods for performing fusion at L5/S1, with good clinical outcomes and comparable rates of complications. However, there is only a limited potential for recreating lordosis at L5/S1 with a TLIF.

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Marashi, Ameen, Marwa Baba, Sedra Abu Ghedda, Mohammad Nour Kitaz et Aya Zazo. « A combination of suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone using a custom-made needle and intravitreal Ziv-aflibercept every eight weeks to manage naïve/denovo central DME : a single-center retrospective case series ». International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 10, n^o 1 (2 avril 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40942-024-00550-8.

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Abstract Background Previous studies have shown promising effects of combining intravitreal bevacizumab and suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in treating DME. However, further research is needed. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of combining both intravitreal Ziv-aflibercept and suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide using a custom-made needle in naïve and de novo central diabetic macular edema (DME) patients every eight weeks for 24 weeks. Methods Central macular thickness was measured via spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, and best-corrected visual acuity was measured via a Snellen chart at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks postinjection. Additionally, cataract progression, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular safety were analyzed. Results A total of 10 eyes of 6 patients were treated with suprachoroidal injections of triamcinolone acteonid combined with an intravitreal injection of Ziv-aflibercept. Vision improved from 0.69 log minimum angle of resolution (MAR) at baseline to 0.39 log MAR after treatment. Central macular thickness significantly decreased from 462.3 ± 166 μm at baseline to 362.7 ± 77.6 μm at 24 weeks postinjection. Conclusion Suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone using a custom-made needle with the intravitreal agent Ziv-aflibercept to treat de novo/naïve central DME has favorable outcomes and adequate safety results. Moreover, this study demonstrated the benefit of adapting the previous treatment combination for extending the interval between anti-VEGF treatments from 4 to 8 weeks, which could prevent further expenses, especially in low-income countries.However, large multicenter randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are needed to assess this treatment route, especially in low-income and resourced countries.

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Dlamini, Jerry C., L. M. Cardenas, E. H. Tesfamariam, R. M. Dunn, J. Evans, J. M. B. Hawkins, M. S. A. Blackwell et A. L. Collins. « Soil N2O and CH4 emissions from fodder maize production with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation ». Plant and Soil, 11 avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05426-0.

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Abstract Purpose Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are some of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the 21st century. Vegetated riparian buffers are primarily implemented for their water quality functions in agroecosystems. Their location in agricultural landscapes allows them to intercept and process pollutants from adjacent agricultural land. They recycle organic matter, which increases soil carbon (C), intercept nitrogen (N)-rich runoff from adjacent croplands, and are seasonally anoxic. Thus processes producing environmentally harmful gases including N2O and CH4 are promoted. Against this context, the study quantified atmospheric losses between a cropland and vegetated riparian buffers that serve it. Methods Environmental variables and simultaneous N2O and CH4 emissions were measured for a 6-month period in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising maize (Zea mays L.). A static chamber was used to measure gas emissions. The cropping was served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) grass riparian buffer; (ii) willow riparian buffer and; (iii) woodland riparian buffer, which were compared with a no-buffer control. Results The no-buffer control generated the largest cumulative N2O emissions of 18.9 kg ha− 1 (95% confidence interval: 0.5–63.6) whilst the maize crop upslope generated the largest cumulative CH4 emissions (5.1 ± 0.88 kg ha− 1). Soil N2O and CH4-based global warming potential (GWP) were lower in the willow (1223.5 ± 362.0 and 134.7 ± 74.0 kg CO2-eq. ha− 1 year− 1, respectively) and woodland (1771.3 ± 800.5 and 3.4 ± 35.9 kg CO2-eq. ha− 1 year− 1, respectively) riparian buffers. Conclusions Our results suggest that in maize production and where no riparian buffer vegetation is introduced for water quality purposes (no buffer control), atmospheric CH4 and N2O concerns may result.

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Fry, Levi, Amrish Deshmukh et Jackson Liang. « Abstract 16484 : Utility of Steerable Sheaths and Intracardiac Echocardiography for Typical Atrial Flutter Ablation ». Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (7 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.16484.

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Introduction: Sheaths (SS) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) are being increasingly utilized to improve safety, efficacy, and efficiency of catheter ablation procedures for different arrhythmias. The utility of these tools to guide ablation of typical atrial flutter (AFL) are not well characterized. Hypothesis: The use of SS plus ICE during typical AFL ablation leads to improved procedural and long-term outcomes as well as shorter procedural, fluoroscopy, and total radiofrequency times. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, medical records were abstracted for patients undergoing typical AFL ablation alone between 7/2019-5/2023. Demographics, medical history, and baseline procedural data were collected. Procedural outcomes were achievement of bidirectional block and complications. Long term outcome was recurrence of typical AFL or unblocked cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) at repeat ablation (for any arrhythmia). Data analyzed with intention-to-treat analysis. Results: 197 patients were identified. The use of SS plus ICE had the shortest procedural time (69.81 ± 34.49 mins, p<0.001), total radiofrequency time (362.91 ± 502.62 secs, p=0.005), and fluoroscopy time (5.28 ± 3.34 mins, p<0.001) (Figure 1). When patients were divided based on SS alone, both procedural and radiofrequency times were shorter with the use of SS vs no SS (81.04 ± 40.37 vs 91.74 ± 37.67 mins, p<0.001; 370.02 ± 460.44 vs 602.27 ± 592.28 secs, p=0.001), however, fluoroscopy time was longer (8.25 ± 7.75 vs 6.60 ± 5.58 mins, p<0.001). There was no difference between acute procedural success rates. Those in SS group were less likely to have recurrent typical AFL or unblocked CTI on redo ablation (0 out of 49 [0%] vs 6 out of 148 [4%]). Conclusion: Typical AFL ablation using SS plus ICE resulted in shorter procedural, total radiofrequency, and fluoroscopy times with similar acute procedural success rates. The use of SS (regardless of ICE) is associated with increased long-term success rate.

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« Effect of Probiotics and Dietary Levels of Protein on Growth, Muscle Quality and Expression of Some Immune Genes in the Head Kidney of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) ». Journal of Marine Science Research and Oceanography 6, n^o 5 (20 septembre 2023) : 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jmsro.06.05.02.

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This study evaluated the effect of dietary probiotics (P) to enhance the feed quality, growth parameters, muscle fatty acid (FA) profile, immunity, and the stimulation of immune genes in head-kidney of Nile tilapia. Healthy mixed-sex Nile tilapia (47.0 ± 2.07 g mean weight), were fed three tilapia commercial feeds; S, A, and a local feed K having 33.3, 32.4, and 13.4% protein, respectively. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus probiotic (P) into the commercial feeds resulting in six experimental feeds (S, SP, A, AP, K, and KP) were used. The non-probiotic feeds served as controls and each treatment had three replicates. Results showed that fish fed the SP feed had the highest (P<0.05) final mean weight (582.7 g), daily growth rate (2.52 g/fish/day), gross fish yield (44.0 kg/m3), and best feed conversion ratio (1.9), followed by S (570.4 g, 2.46 g/fish/day, 41.1 kg/m3, and 2.09, respectively). However, these values were the lowest (P<0.05) in tilapia fed KP and K (362.8 and 366.7 g, 1.48 and 1.49 g/fish/ day, 27.4 and 26.8, kg/m3, 2.16 and 2.18, respectively). The feed A and AP had intermediate values. Fish fed the SP feed had the highest (P<0.05) muscle ∑n-3 fatty acid (10.5) and ∑n-3/n-6 ratio (0.75). In general, gut bacterial counts, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and hemagglutination titer were the highest (P<0.05) in tilapia fed the SP, followed by tilapia fed AP, but it was the lowest for tilapia fed K and the KP feeds. Probiotics significantly up regulated β-actin, IgM, IL-β1, Mx, and TNF-α immune gene in the head kidney with better response in fish fed the SP feed. It can be concluded that improvement in tilapia growth, bacterial colonization, muscle quality, immune parameters, and the up regulation of immune genes in the head kidney due to probiotic supplementation would depend on the protein level of the feed used.

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Zeve, Daniel Richard, Eric Stas, Manasvi S. Shah et David T. Breault. « MON-726 Modifications of FOXO1 and GATA4-NKX2.5 Signaling Induce Human Enteroendocrine Differentiation ». Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (avril 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1291.

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Abstract Enteroendocrine (EE) cells are the most abundant hormone-producing cells in the human body and are vital for metabolism, as well as intestinal and pancreatic function. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetes mellitus. Although recent studies have identified multiple signaling pathways (including Wnt, MAPK, BMP and Notch) that can induce low levels of EE cell differentiation, the production of functional human EE cells in vitro remains challenging, making their study and therapeutic utilization difficult. To improve this, we employed the human intestinal organoid culturing system, as it mimics intestinal epithelial homeostasis, allowing for differentiation of multiple epithelial cell types. Using a small scale, directed screen, we targeted multiple transcriptional regulators, using small molecules known to control pancreatic and intestinal development, and hormone production. We chose small molecules instead of gene editing tools to avoid the potential pitfall of off-target mutagenesis. We found that inhibition of FoxO1 in our organoid culture led to an increase in EE cell differentiation as assessed by EE-specific gene expression, with a 5-10 fold upregulation in expression of ChgA, NeuroD1, and Neurog3 compared to whole mucosal biopsies (P<0.01 for all targets, n=3 per group). Flow cytometry data showed 6-8% of cells produced CHGA, compared to 0.2% in undifferentiated organoids (P<0.0001, n=3 per group), and the 1% typically seen in the duodenum. We also noted a corresponding increase in the production of EE hormones, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), serotonin and somatostatin, by qPCR and immunofluorescence. Analysis of conditioned media using ELISA, compared to undifferentiated organoids, revealed increased serotonin (362.6±52.3 vs 167.5±5.1 ng/mL, P=.0037, n=3 per group) and GIP (5.76±1.31 pg/mL vs undetectable, n=3 per group). Independently, upregulation of GATA4-Nkx2.5 also induced EE cell differentiation and hormone production, although to a lesser extent than FoxO1 inhibition. The exception to this was GIP, which showed increased expression and production with GATA4-Nkx2.5 compared to FoxO1 inhibition (20.8±7.4 vs 5.8±1.3 pg/mL, n=3 per group), with a much larger increase when FoxO1 inhibition was followed by GATA4-Nkx2.5 activation (53.4±4.8 pg/mL, n=3). Of note, all experiments were performed in a minimum of three human lines. Taken together, our data have identified multiple factors, including inhibition of FoxO1 and activation of GATA4-Nkx2.5, that can drive ex vivo human EE cell differentiation, with unique hormone production profiles, when targeted via small molecules. This is a critical first step towards understanding the role of enteroendocrine cells in disease and the development of EE cell-based therapies.

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