Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « 324.6/3 »

To increase the knowledge about the biological properties of tomatoes, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts of nine cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum, as well as their chemical composition, were studied. The highest antioxidant capacity has been revealed in San Marzano Cirio 3 and Pomodoro Giallo cultivars, both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions, while San Marzano, Corbarino di Corbara, and Pomodoro Giallo exhibited the best radical scavenger activity in methanolic fraction. As regards the antiproliferative activity, the median inhibition concentrations of the lipophilic extracts ranged from 272.3 (Pomodoro Giallo) to 364.4 (Corbarino di Corbara) mg dried extract L-1 on Hep-G2 and from 324.6 (San Marzano Cirio 3) to 455.4 (Nero di Sicilia) on Caco-2. The methanolic extracts were more active on Caco-2 than Hep-G2, while the hydrophilic extracts were not active. These biological properties could be ascribed to the identified carotenoids and phenolic acids as well as to a pull of minor compounds exerting their synergistic effect.

Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybee from exudates of plants, is widely used in traditional medicine due to its known therapeutic properties. In this paper, the quality of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) from different regions of Antioquia (Colombia) is compared through the determination of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds content, and thein vitro antioxidant activity, using three assay systems: radical scavenging activity by means of the DPPH• (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2’-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid cation) assays, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Determinations of total phenolic compounds content are found between 22.11 ± 0.54 and 75.22 ± 1.35 mg GAE/g of EEP, and total content of flavonoids between 4.75 ± 0.01 y 34.50 ± 0.07 mg QE/g of EEP. The radical scavenging activity varies from 33.9 ± 9.7 to 324.6 ± 15.0, and from 455.5 ± 7.8 to 1091 ± 17.3 μmol TE/g of EEP (TEAC) in the DPPH and ABTS system, respectively. In the FRAP method, the activity is found between 40.9 ± 13.3 and 338.4 ± 22.4 μmol AAE/g of EEP (AEAC). Results show a positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity of some propolis indicates its potential role as nutraceutical.

The excessive use of fertilizer has resulted in serious environmental degradation and a high health cost in China. Understanding the reasons for the overuse of fertilizer is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and large-scale operation is considered as one of the measures to deal with the excessive fertilizer use. Under the premise of fully considering the resource endowment and heterogeneity of large-scale farmers and small-scale farmers in production and management, different production decision-making frameworks were constructed. Based on the 300 large-scale farmers and 480 small-scale farmers in eight provinces of northern China wheat region, we analyzed the optimal fertilizer use amount and its deviation as well as the influencing factors of small-scale and large-scale farmers, then further clarified whether the development of scale management could solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use. The empirical results show that: (1) both small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers deviated from the optimal fertilizer application amount, where the deviation degree of optimal fertilizer application of small-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers, with a deviation degree of 35.43% and 23.69% for small and large scale farmers, respectively; (2) not all wheat growers in North China had the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer, as the optimal level of chemical fertilizer application in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are 346.5 kgha−1 and 335.25 kgha−1, while the actual fertilizer use amount was 337.2 kgha−1 and 324.6 kgha−1, respectively; and (3) the higher the risk aversion level, farmers tended to apply more fertilizer to ensure grain output. Therefore, increasing farm size should be integrated into actions such as improving technological innovation and providing better information transfer to achieve the goal of zero-increase in Chinese fertilizer use.

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2012 at New Delhi, to study the effect of cropping systems, nutrient-and moisture-management practices on productivity and water-use efficiency (WUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] intercropping system under rainfed conditions. Treatment com- prised 2 cropping systems (maize sole and paired row planting maize + soybean) and 2 moisture-management practices (control and Kaolin 6% + organic mulch) in main plots, and 4 nutrient levels, viz. control, 50% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF + 50% RDN through vermicompost and 100% RDF in subplots of splitplot design. However, maize-equivalent yield (3.47 t/ha) was the highest under paired row planting maize + soybean. The 100% RDF registered significantly higher grain yield (2.99 t/ha) of maize over control (2.03 t/ha) and 50% RDF+ 50% RDN through FYM (2.74 t/ha), 50% RDF+ 50% RDN through vermicompost (2.85 t/ha). Paired-row planted maize + soybean also registered more consumptive use (CU) of water (331.7 mm) than sole maize (324.6 mm). Moisture-conservation practices showed considerable variation in CU. Maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) was recorded with Kaolin 6% + or- ganic mulch. Fertility levels also influenced the CU with highest value with100% RDF (330 mm) followed by 50% RDF + 50% RDN through vermicompost (329.1 mm). Significantly higher WUE was observed under paired row planted maize + soybean (10.9 kg/hamm). Cropping systems altered the soil-moisture extraction pattern in all the 3 layers (015, 1530 and 3045 cm). Energy output, energy input and energy-use efficiency was higher in paired-row planted maize + soybean, Kaolin 6% + organic mulch and 100% RDF than their respective counter- parts.

The purpose of the research: to define the degree of spread of eimeriosis among calves under the conditions of south European part of Russia. Materials and methods. The researches were carried out in 11 entities of Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory and Rostov Region in 2016-2017. The material for the researches was fecal specimen of cattle from entities of different forms of ownership. Total of 975 fecal specimen of cattle were studied. Fecal specimens were studied according to Fulleborn’s method. Invasion extensiveness (IE, %) and average number of oocysts in 1 g of feces were determined. Seasonal dynamics of infection of young stock cattle was studied by studies of fecal specimens of 38 heads in January - February, 43 heads in March - May, 64 heads during summer and 55 heads during autumn period. Influence of the stock density of calves in a pen on infection by eimeria was studied on 249 calves, among which 62 animals were kept in individual pens, 25 animals were kept in a pen for 2-5 animals, 28 calves were kept in a pen for 6-10 animals, 55 calves were kept in a pen for 11-15 animals and 75 calves were kept in a pen for 16 animals and more. Fecal specimens were studied three times. Obtained results were processed statistically. Results and discussion. Animals were infected by eimeria regardless of the type of entity. Average infection of the cattle in all tested entities was 47.43% when 180.5±8.3 samples of oocysts were found in average in 1 g of feces. In entities the infection of young stock cattle varied from 0 to 100% with maximum result at Urozhaynoe CJSC of Stavropol Territory when 362.3±9.7 samples of oocysts were found in 1 g of feces. To the fullest extent calves were infected by eimeria at the age of 3-4 months (IE 70.73%) when 364.3±8.2 samples of oocysts were found in 1 g of feces in average. Mature animals were infected minimally (IE 20.0%). Maximum animal infection was in spring and in autumn, 53.49% and 61.81% respectively when 282.3±7.5 and 324.6±8.3 samples of oocysts were available in 1 g of feces. It was established, that while rising the stocking rate of calves in the pen the eimeria infection also greatly increases. Minimal invasion was in calves which were kept in individual pens.

Abstract Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is, to date, the only curative therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD). However, HSCT is offered to relatively few patients with SCD for a number of reasons including lack of a suitable HLA-matched donor, lack of consensus on indications for HSCT, the potential for trading one chronic condition (i.e., SCD) for another, such as chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and the mortality associated with the procedure. To-date, most HSCTs for SCD have utilized matched siblings as donors and are performed in children and adolescents. We report outcomes after HLA-matched sibling HSCT of patients reported to the Eurocord-Monacord/European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Material and methods: One thousandpatients with SCD received HLA identical sibling HSCT between 1991 and 2013; n=439 from CIBMTR and n=561 from EBMT centers. HSCTs were performed in 90 centers in 23 countries. Results: Median age at HSCT was 9 years (range 1-54y); 85% of patients were aged <16 years. Approximately half of patients were female and 53% of HSCTs were performed after 2007. Most patients (94%) were homozygotes for hemoglobin S (HBS). The most common indication for HSCT was stroke. Other indications included: central nervous system event lasting longer than 24 hours, elevated cerebral arterial velocity, acute chest syndrome or vaso-occlusive crisis requiring hospitalization. Red blood cell transfusions were given before HSCT to 93% and hydroxyurea to 56% of the evaluable patients (N=510). Most HSCTs (n=872; 87%) used myeloablative-conditioning regimens, mainly based on the combination of busulfan with cyclophosphamide (n=719; 82%) or fludarabine (n=82; 9%). One hundred and twenty six patients (13%) received reduced intensity conditioning regimens; fludarabine with cyclophosphamide was the predominant regimen (n=48; 38%). Most regimens included in vivo T-cell depletion (71%) with anti-thymocyte globulin (n=630) or alemtuzumab (n=76). The predominant GVHD prophylaxis regimens were cyclosporine alone (19%), or combined with methotrexate (56%). The predominant stem cell source was bone marrow (84%); peripheral blood and cord blood were employed in 7% and 9% of patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 45 (1.1-324.6) months. The cumulative incidence (CI) of neutrophil engraftment at day+60 was 98% (96.6% for CB, 98.3% for BM and 95.2% for PB) with a median time to recovery of 19 days, while that for platelet engraftment was 98 % (96±2% for CB, 99±1% for BM and 98±9% for PBSC) with a median time to recovery of 25 days. Twenty-six patients experienced primary and 47 patients secondary graft failure; 67 patients died mainly due to GVH or infection. The 3-year probabilities of overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS, alive with engraftment) were 94% (95% CI 92-95) and 90% (95% CI 68-82), respectively. According to stem cell source, 3-year OS was 99% after CB, 94% after BM and 80% after PBS (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, every year in age increment (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.07-1.14, p<0.001) and use of peripheral blood (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.49-7.88, p=0.004) were associated with higher mortality. In univariate analysis, EFS was better in patients receiving myeloablative compared to reduced intensity conditioning (91±1% vs 82 ±1%, respectively; p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, EFS was lower with every year in age increment (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.07, p<0.001), peripheral blood grafts (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.15, p=0.03) and HSCTs prior to 2000 (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.92, p=0.005). CI of acute GVHD grade 2-4 was 14.4% (12.2-16.7) of chronic GVH 13.3 (11-15.8). Risks of acute GVHD were higher with increasing age (HR1.04 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p=0.008). None of the variables tested were associated with chronic GVHD. Conclusion: This large registry based international study shows that HLA identical sibling transplant is successful more than 90% of the patients with severe SCD with limited transplant related complications (rejection, GVHD). Strategies aimed at lowering graft failure and GVHD are desirable to further optimize the observed 3-year event-free survival. Importantly, these data should increase awareness to early referral to HSCT of patients with severe SCD. Disclosures Walters: ViaCord and AllCells, Inc: Other: Medical director. Bertrand:ERYTECH Pharma: Consultancy. Peters:Medac: Research Funding; Fresenius: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Jazz: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Sanovi: Research Funding; Pierre-Fabre: Research Funding.

The determination of copper and zinc in soil based on the position and depth at the application land of palm oil in the Rambutan garden. Part of control land, between rorak and plant, and rorak at a depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm. Each 3 g soil sample was destructed with 10 mL of HNO3 concentrated at 180ºC for 20 minutes. Cu and Zn's content was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) at wavelength 324.7 nm and 213.9 nm, respectively. The analysis shows that Cu and Zn metal increase rorak at 84.0% and 57.7%, and soil between rorak and plant at 76.9% and 42.4%.

Plant-derived phytochemicals have recently drawn interest in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. are widely used in food and herbal medicine for their health-promoting properties against various diseases, including DM, but many of their effective constituents are still unknown. In this study, 6 new phenolic glycosides, moringaside B–G (1–6), together with 10 known phenolic glycosides (7–16) were isolated from M. oleifera seeds. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 2 and 3 especially are combined with a 1,3-dioxocyclopentane moiety at the rhamnose group, which are rarely reported in phenolic glycoside backbones. A biosynthetic pathway of 2 and 3 was assumed. Moreover, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. Compounds 4 and 16 exhibited marked activities with IC50 values of 382.8 ± 1.42 and 301.4 ± 6.22 μM, and the acarbose was the positive control with an IC50 value of 324.1 ± 4.99 μM. Compound 16 revealed better activity than acarbose.