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Publié le 18 mai 2024

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1

LIU, FU-HU. « FORMULATION OF NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION IN NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT HIGH ENERGY ». Modern Physics Letters A 15, n^o 24 (10 août 2000) : 1497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300001717.

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The negatively charged particle rapidity distribution in nucleus–nucleus collisions at high energy has been described by the thermalized cylinder picture. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of the reactions 16 O + Au at 60A and 200A GeV, 32 S + Ag and S at 200A GeV, and 208 Pb + Pb at 158A GeV bombarding energies.

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2

El-Nadi, M., A. Abdel Salam, A. Hussein, E. A. Shaat, N. Ali-Mousa, Z. Abou-Mousa, S. Kamel, Kh Abdel-Waged et E. El-Falaky. « Target-Associated Particles Production in the Interactions of 3.7 and 200A GeV Sulphur Projectiles with Nuclear Emulsion ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 06, n^o 01 (mars 1997) : 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301397000135.

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The characteristics of the associated particles produced in 3.7 and 200A GeV 32 S -emulsion inelastic interactions are reported. The experimental data at 3.7 A GeV are compared with the predictions of the standard cascading evaporation model. For explaining the results at higher energy (200A GeV), a simple model which includes the nucleon sub-structure (Reggeon model) is introduced. This model is found to be capable of producing the mean features of the data obtained for the two used exposures.

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3

JAIN, P. L., G. SINGH, K. SENGUPTA et S. N. KIM. « MULTIPLICITY AND PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN He-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS AT ULTRARELATIVISTIC ENERGY ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, n^o 09 (10 avril 1992) : 1907–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9200082x.

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From the peripheral collisions of a 32 S beam at 200A GeV in nuclear emulsion, He tracks among the projectile fragments are identified and are followed for their interactions. The multiplicity distributions and their fluctuations in pseudorapidity intervals of the shower particles produced with ~500 He interactions in emulsions are compared with 32 S and 16 O beams at 200A GeV and 16 O at 60A GeV interactions. It is primarily the geometry of the nuclear collisions that determines the shape of different distributions.

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JAIN, P. L., et G. SINGH. « SQUEEZE-OUT OF PION EMISSION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS ». Modern Physics Letters A 09, n^o 16 (30 mai 1994) : 1445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001271.

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The azimuthal angle distributions of charged pions with respect to the reaction plane determined by projectile heavy fragments is presented for 32S at 200A GeV. The squeezeout of pions perpendicular to the reaction plane for 28Si at 14.5A GeV and 197Au at 10.6A GeV is observed as a function of impact parameter (b) and the target mass.

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5

El-Nadi, M., A. Abdelsalam, E. A. Shaat, N. Ali Mossa, Z. Abou Moussa, S. Kamel, N. Rashed, W. Osman et M. E. Hafiz. « Spallation of 32S ions at ultra-relativistic energies in nuclear emulsion ». Canadian Journal of Physics 82, n^o 4 (1 avril 2004) : 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-125.

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Partial production cross sections of electromagnetic breakup of 32S projectiles at two widely differing energies were measured using an emulsion target. The electromagnetic dissociation represents about 6% and 17% of the total number of nuclear events at Elab/A = 3.7 and 200 GeV, respectively. The experimental electromagnetic cross sections σexpEMD show an energy dependence that is well reproduced by the WeizsackerWilliams approximation. The value of σexpEMD at 200A GeV (with γ >> 1) shows a good agreement with that predicted by the combined model of Pshenichnov et al. Examination of the reactions (γ, p) and (γ, He) reveals that the ratio of 1 p/1 He cross sections is close to unity at Dubna energy (3.7A GeV), while it rapidly increases to 3.0 ± 0.6 at CERN energy (200A GeV). In most of the observed dissociation modes, the total kinetic energy of the fragments in the projectile rest frame is lower than 50 MeV. Nevertheless, it is possible that the contribution of excitation modes of the different multipolarities is determining in this region. PACS No.: 25.70

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Abdelsalam, A., B. M. Badawy et M. E. Hafiz. « Energy dependence for relativistic hadron emission from 32S nuclear collisions ». Canadian Journal of Physics 90, n^o 6 (juin 2012) : 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-048.

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In this experiment, 32S interaction with emulsion nuclei is examined at 3.7A and 200A GeV. Backward relativistic hadron production seems to be an exact decay system, depending on the target size. For emulsion nuclei, the decay constant of this system nearly equals 1.3. Independent of the projectile size and energy, the backward relativistic hadrons are produced with probability values of ∼20%–30%. For projectile nuclei with mass numbers greater than or equal to 6 and at any incident energy, the average multiplicity of these backward hadrons tends to a saturation value of ∼0.4. Regarding the multiplicity range of forward relativistic hadrons, reaching 60 hadrons per event at 3.7A GeV and extending to ∼400 hadrons per event at 200A GeV, energy plays a fundamental role in forward relativistic hadron production. The results strongly support the assumption that relativistic hadrons are created as a result of energy from participant nucleons.

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GHOSH, DIPAK, ARGHA DEB, PRABIR KUMAR HALDAR, SIMA GUPTAROY et APARNA DHAR (MITRA). « LÉVY INDEX AND MULTIFRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RING-LIKE AND JET-LIKE EVENTS IN HIGH ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS ». Fractals 18, n^o 01 (mars 2010) : 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x10004695.

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We perform a Lévy index analysis of relativistic shower particles produced in the interactions of 32 S nuclei at 200A GeV with nuclear emulsion using the results of factorial moment Fq in two-dimensional anisotropic (η - ϕ) space. We carry out the same investigation for target fragments produced in 32 S - AgBr interactions at 200A GeV energy for both events in emission angle space and azimuthal angle space. The analysis reveals that for pions the value of Lévy index μ is 1.491 ± 0.025 for ring-like events and μ ~ 2.004 ± 0.054 for jet-like events which indicates different degree of multifractality. In case of target fragments jet-like events show a value of μ ~ 1.871 ± 0.010 whereas ring-like events yields an unphysical value (μ > 2) the implication of which need to be explored.

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8

Albrecht, R., T. C. Awes, C. Baktash, P. Beckmann, F. Berger, R. Bock, G. Claesson et al. « Oxygen-induced reactions at 60A GeV and 200A GeV studied by calorimetry ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 38, n^o 1-2 (mars 1988) : 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01574509.

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9

Ghosh, Dipak, Argha Deb, Subrata Biswas, Pasupati Mandal et Rittika Sarkar. « Assessment of multifractality in high energy heavy ion interactions ». Canadian Journal of Physics 92, n^o 4 (avril 2014) : 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0270.

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This paper presents an analysis on fractality of compound hadrons (pions + protons) and shower particles produced in heavy ion interactions initiated by 12C and 24Mg beams at incident energy 4.5A GeV and 32S beam at incident energy 200A GeV. G-moments analysis in emission angle (cosθ) space reveals multifractality in both compound hadrons and pion emission process. The degree of multifractality has been assessed using the Levy stability index. Moreover this analysis also suggests nonthermal phase transition in multiparticle production for both cases.

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10

Jain, P. L., K. Sengupta et G. Singh. « Multiplicity distributions of heavy-ion induced reactions at 200A GeV and 60A GeV ». Nuclear Physics A 498 (juillet 1989) : 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(89)90638-6.

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11

Liu, F. H. « Production of negatively charged particles in nucleusnucleus collisions at 200A GeV ». Canadian Journal of Physics 80, n^o 5 (1 mai 2002) : 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p01-142.

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Three isotropic emission fireballs are used to describe the rapidity (or pseudorapidity) and transverse momentum distributions of negatively charged particles produced in nucleusnucleus collisions at high energy. The calculated results are compared and shown to be in agreement with the experimental data of 16OAu, 32SS, and 32SAg collisions at 200A GeV. PACS Nos.: 25.75-q, 24.10Pa

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KAMEL, S. « CONDITIONAL MOMENTS IN SPALLATION OF 6.4 TeV 32S NUCLEI IN NUCLEAR EMULSION ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 14, n^o 05 (juillet 2005) : 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130500351x.

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The conditional moments of the charge distributions of the projectile fragments produced in the electromagnetic dissociation of 200A GeV 32 S projectiles are obtained based on an individual component model. The correlations between the conditional moments and thus, the distributions of conditional moments are studied. The experimental data are compared with the simple Monte Carlo partition method.

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13

Ghosh, D., A. Deb, P. K. Haldar et S. Guptaroy. « Azimuthal asymmetry and dynamical fluctuation of compound multiplicity in nucleus–nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energy ». Canadian Journal of Physics 85, n^o 10 (1 octobre 2007) : 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-051.

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The paper reports a study on azimuthal asymmetry fluctuations in compound (pion combined with proton) multiplicity spectra obtained from interactions of 60A GeV 16O–nucleus and 200A GeV 32S–nucleus with AgBr nuclei. The maximum azimuthal asymmetry is investigated, averaged over different compound multiplicity intervals. The data exhibit the existence of a dynamical component in the emission asymmetry fluctuations. The degree of the asymmetry is found to decrease as the multiplicity increases, and the decrease is found to be faster for a heavier projectile. The latter may provide important information on the production mechanism, when compared to the similar studies of pion fluctuations, where no such dependence has been observed. PACS Nos.: 25.75–q, 24.60 Ky

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14

El-Nadi, M., A. Abdelsalam, A. Hussien, E. A. Shaat, N. Ali-Mossa, Z. Abou Moussa, S. Kamel, K. H. Abdel-Waged et M. E. Hafiz. « Sulphur dissociation in nuclear emulsion at 3.7 and 200A GeV ». Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics 28, n^o 2 (18 janvier 2002) : 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/2/305.

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15

Adamovich, M. I., M. M. Aggarwal, Y. A. Alexandrov, Z. V. Ameeva, N. P. Andreeva, Z. V. Anzon, R. Arora et al. « Scaled-factorial-moment analysis of 200A-GeV sulfur+gold interactions ». Physical Review Letters 65, n^o 4 (23 juillet 1990) : 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.65.412.

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16

Ali, Bushra, Shaista Khan, Anuj Chandra et Shakeel Ahmad. « Event-by-event fluctuations clusterization and entropy production in AA collisions at AGS and SPS energies ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, n^o 03 (mars 2019) : 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319500186.

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Event-by-event (ebe) fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity values of relativistic charged particles in full phase space are studied by analyzing experimental data on [Formula: see text] collisions at 14.5A, 60A and 200A GeV/c and [Formula: see text] collisions at 200A GeV/c. The findings are compared with the prediction of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model and those obtained from the analysis of correlation free Monte-Carlo events. Fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity distributions are noted to be in excess to that expected from the statistically independent particle emission. The observed dependence of the fluctuation strength measure parameter, [Formula: see text] on the beam energy and number of participating target nucleons indicate that nucleus–nucleus collisions cannot be treated as simple superposition of multiple nucleon–nucleon interactions. Presence of clusters or jet-like phenomena in multihadron final states are searched for on ebe basis by using the concept of Jaynes Shannon entropy. The findings indicate the presence of cluster-like objects in the experimental data with their size and frequency increasing with increasing beam energy. These observations in turn suggest that the clustering or jet-like algorithm adopted in the present study may be used as a tool for triggering different classes of events.

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17

Mali, Provash, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, Soumya Sarkar et Gurmukh Singh. « Azimuthal structure of charged particle emission in 28Si–Ag/Br interaction at 14.5A GeV and 32S–Ag/Br interaction at 200A GeV ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, n^o 05 (mai 2014) : 1450027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131450027x.

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Presence of unusual azimuthal structures in the particle emission data obtained from the 28 Si – Ag / Br interaction at 14.5A GeV and from the 32 S – Ag / Br interaction at 200A GeV, are investigated in the framework of the Cherenkov gluon emission and/or Mach shock wave formation in nuclear/partonic medium. Nuclear photographic emulsion technique is used to collect the experimental data. The experiment is compared with the predictions of two simulations, namely (i) the Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (RQMD) and (ii) the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD). A charge reassignment algorithm is implemented over the outputs of the simulations to mimic the Bose–Einstein correlation (BEC) effect. Our analysis confirms presence of jet-like structures in both experiments beyond statistical noise. Such structures are more pronounced in the 32 S data than in the 28 Si data.

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18

Mali, Provash, Soumya Sarkar, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay et Gurmukh Singh. « Wavelet Analysis of Shower Track Distribution in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions ». Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/759176.

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A continuous wavelet analysis is performed for pattern recognition of charged particle emission data in28Si-Ag/Br interaction at 14.5A GeV and in32S-Ag/Br interaction at 200A GeV. Making use of the event-wise local maxima present in the scalograms, we try to identify the collective behavior in multiparticle production, if there is any. For the first time, the wavelet results are compared with a model prediction based on the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD), where we adopt a charge reassignment algorithm to modify the UrQMD events to mimic the Bose-Einstein type of correlation among identical mesons—a feature known to be the most dominating factor responsible for local cluster formation. Statistically significant deviations between the experiment and the simulation are interpreted in terms of nontrivial dynamics of multiparticle production.

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19

Zhongdao, Lu, et Sa Benhao. « Transverse energy distribution for reaction 32 S+nucleus at 200A GeV ». Chinese Physics Letters 7, n^o 4 (avril 1990) : 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/7/4/008.

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GHOSH, MALAY KUMAR, AMITABHA MUKHOPADHYAY, DIBAKAR ROYCHOWDHURY et GURMUKH SINGH. « CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE OF NONSTATISTICAL FLUCTUATION IN SINGLE PARTICLE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN 32S–Ag/Br INTERACTION AT 200A GeV/c ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, n^o 11 (novembre 2010) : 2229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016624.

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Nonstatistical fluctuations in the density distribution of shower tracks coming out of 32 S – Ag/Br interaction at an incident momentum of 200A GeV/c, have been characterized by using the intermittency and multifractality techniques. A sample of 32 S – Ag/Br nuclear emulsion events has been partitioned into three subsamples with respect to the shower track multiplicity in such a way that one can roughly estimate the average centrality for each subsample. Thereby, the centrality dependence of a set of relevant intermittency and multifractal issues has been investigated.

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SINGH, GURMUKH, MALAY KUMAR GHOSH et AMITABHA MUKHOPADHYAY. « MULTIFRACTAL STUDY OF SINGLY CHARGED PARTICLES PRODUCED IN 32S INDUCED Ag/Br INTERACTIONS AT CERN ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, n^o 05 (mai 2008) : 802–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308010179.

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In this contribution, we describe an investigation of the fractal nature of non-statistical fluctuations in the density distribution of singly charged secondary particles produced in 32 S - Ag / Br interactions in emulsion target at incident energy of 200A GeV. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from an event sample simulated by the Lund Monte Carlo code FRITIOF. Besides obtaining the fractal dimensions and a smooth multifractal spectrum, show that the results can be used to determine universal parameters such as the Levy index, and the multifractal specific heat.

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Qian, Wei-Liang, Rone Andrade, Otávio Socolowski Jr., Frédérique Grassi, Takeshi Kodama et Yogiro Hama. « Distribution of hyperons in 200A GeV Au-Au in smoothed particle hydrodynamics ». Brazilian Journal of Physics 37, n^o 2c (juin 2007) : 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-97332007000500022.

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23

Sollfrank, Josef, Marek Gaździcki, Ulrich Heinz et Johann Rafelski. « Chemical freeze-out conditions in central S-S collisions at 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 61, n^o 4 (décembre 1994) : 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01552632.

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Abdelsalam, A., S. Kamel, N. Rashed et M. Fayed. « Studies of target-evaporated particle production in forward and backward hemispheres in 16O-emulsion interactions at 60A and 200A GeV ». Canadian Journal of Physics 91, n^o 2 (février 2013) : 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0243.

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The multiplicity distribution of the target-evaporated black particles emitted in the interactions of 16O beams with emulsion nuclei at 60A and 200A GeV in both the forward and backward hemispheres are examined. The asymmetry parameters, the forward–backward ratios as well as multiplicity distribution moments are evaluated. The investigated scaled variances and the second Mueller moments are observed to indicate the strongly correlated emission of target-evaporated black particles in the forward direction. The ratio of entropy to average multiplicity of target fragments is evaluated, and is found to be energy-independent in both the forward and backward hemispheres.

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Ghosh, M. K., P. K. Haldar, S. K. Manna, A. Mukhopadhyay et G. Singh. « Intermittency and related issues in 16O-Ag/Br collision at 200A GeV/c ». Canadian Journal of Physics 88, n^o 8 (août 2010) : 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-038.

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In this paper we present some results on the nonstatistical fluctuation in the 1-dimensional (1-d) density distribution of singly charged produced particles in the framework of the intermittency phenomenon. A set of nuclear emulsion data on 16O-Ag/Br interactions at an incident momentum of 200A GeV/c, was analyzed in terms of different statistical methods that are related to the self-similar fractal properties of the particle density function. A comparison of the present experiment with a similar experiment induced by the 32S nuclei and also with a set of results simulated by the Lund Monte Carlo code FRITIOF is presented. A similar comparison between this experiment and a pseudo-random number generated simulated data set is also made. The analysis reveals the presence of a weak intermittency in the 1-d phase space distribution of the produced particles. The results also indicate the occurrence of a nonthermal phase transition during emission of final-state hadrons. Our results on factorial correlators suggests that short-range correlations are present in the angular distribution of charged hadrons, whereas those on oscillatory moments show that such correlations are not restricted only to a few particles. In almost all cases, the simulated results fail to replicate their experimental counterparts.

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AHMAD, SHAKEEL, ANUJ CHANDRA, M. ZAFAR, M. IRFAN et A. AHMAD. « SHORT- AND LONG-RANGE MULTIPLICITY CORRELATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, n^o 09 (septembre 2013) : 1350066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313500663.

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Forward–backward (FB) charge correlations are investigated by analyzing experimental data on 16 O – AgBr interactions at 14.5A, 60A and 200A GeV . Findings are compared with the predictions of Monte Carlo model, heavy-ion jet interaction generater (HIJING). The results reveal that the observed correlations are mainly of short-range type, which arise due to the decay of clusters and/or resonances produced in the central rapidity region. The range of FB correlations are observed to extend with increasing beam energy. However, there is no evidence for the presence of long-range correlations even at the highest incident energy considered.

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El-Nagdy, M. S., A. Abdelsalam, Z. Abou-Moussa et B. M. Badawy. « Limiting fragmentation of target nucleus at high energy ». Canadian Journal of Physics 91, n^o 9 (septembre 2013) : 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0079.

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This study discusses features suggestive of a nuclear multifragmentation in the target. A wide range of projectile masses are used (AProj = 1–207) over a large energy region (Elab = 1A–200A GeV). In particular, the validity of the nuclear limiting fragmentation hypothesis is focused in the target region. The probability that the target is fragmented forms about 90% from the total inelastic geometrical cross section. The dependence of the target fragmentation cross section on the system size and on the incident energy is presented. The results are analyzed in the framework of the modified FRITIOF simulation code.

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Bächler, J., J. Bartke, H. Białkowska, R. Bock, R. Brockmann, P. Buncic, S. I. Chase et al. « Fluctuations of multiplicities in rapidity windows in sulphur-sulphur collisions at 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 56, n^o 3 (septembre 1992) : 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01565942.

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Awes, T. C., C. Barlag, F. Berger, M. A. Bloomer, C. Blume, D. Bock, R. Bock et al. « Two-proton correlations in the target fragmentation region of nuclear collisions at 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 65, n^o 2 (juin 1995) : 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01571877.

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El-Nadi, M., A. M. Hussien, E. A. Shaat, Z-Abou-Moussa, S. Kamel et A. A. Fakeha. « Nuclear temperature and multiplicities of relativistic he fragments from16O-emulsion interactions at 200A GeV ». Il Nuovo Cimento A 108, n^o 7 (juillet 1995) : 809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02731022.

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Manna, Sanjib Kumar, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay et Provash Mali. « Forward–backward multiplicity correlation and event-by-event multiplicity fluctuation in nucleus–nucleus collisions at 200A GeV ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 30, n^o 04 (25 mars 2021) : 2150021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830132150021x.

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Correlation among singly charged particles emitted in the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity cones is measured in [Formula: see text]O-Ag/Br and [Formula: see text]S-Ag/Br interactions at an incident energy of [Formula: see text] GeV/nucleon. Event-by-event fluctuations in the charged particle multiplicities and their pseudo-rapidity values are also investigated in terms of some known statistical measures. Evidences of short-ranged particle correlation and cluster formation in the pseudo-rapidity space are found from our analysis. A microscopic transport model based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics could not match the experimental results. The differences between experimental observation and corresponding simulation could neither be accounted for even when a Bose–Einstein type of correlation effect is implemented into the simulated data.

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Albrecht, R., T. C. Awes, C. Baktash, P. Beckmann, F. Berger, M. A. Bloomer, D. Bock et al. « Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from32S induced heavy ion interactions at 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 55, n^o 4 (décembre 1992) : 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01561291.

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Sa, Ben-Hao, et An Tai. « Strange antibaryon production data and reduction of strangeness suppression in sulphur-nucleus collisions at 200A GeV ». Physics Letters B 399, n^o 1-2 (avril 1997) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(97)00274-8.

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Albrecht, R., T. C. Awes, C. Baktash, P. Beckmann, F. Berger, R. Bock, G. Claesson et al. « Transverse energy production in the target fragmentation region in16O-nucleus reactions at 60 and 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 45, n^o 4 (décembre 1990) : 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01556265.

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BRADAMANTE, FRANCO. « TRANSVERSE SPIN AND TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM EFFECTS AT COMPASS ». Modern Physics Letters A 24, n^o 35n37 (7 décembre 2009) : 3015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309001224.

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The study of transverse spin and transverse momentum effects is part of the scientific program of COMPASS, a fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS. For these studies, a 160 GeV/c momentum muon beam is scattered on a transversely polarized nucleon target, and the scattered muon and the forward going hadrons produced in DIS processes are reconstructed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer. The measurements have been performed on a deuteron target in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and on a proton target in 2007. The main results obtained measuring single spin asymmetries are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the most recent proton measurements. After two years of spectroscopy measurements with hadron beams, in 2008 and 2009, the Collaboration will resume measurements with the muon beam and a transversely polarized target in 2010.

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Werner, K. « Analysis of energy flow in16O+nucleus collisions at 60 and 200A GeV by the multistring model VENUS ». Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 42, n^o 1 (mars 1989) : 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01565131.

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Abdelsalam, A., M. S. El–Nagdy, B. M. Badawy, W. Osman et M. Fayed. « Sensibility of grey particle production system to energy and centrality in 60A and 200A GeV 16O–Nucleus interactions ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, n^o 06 (juin 2016) : 1650034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500348.

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The grey particle production following 60 A and 200[Formula: see text]A GeV [Formula: see text]O interactions with emulsion nuclei is investigated at different centralities. The evaporated target fragment multiplicity is voted as a centrality parameter. The target size effect is examined over a wide range, where the C, N and O nuclei present the light target group while the Br and Ag nuclei are the heavy group. In the framework of the nuclear limiting fragmentation hypothesis, the grey particle multiplicity characteristics depend only on the target size and centrality while the projectile size and energy are not effective. The grey particle is suggested to be a multisource production system. The emission direction in the 4[Formula: see text] space depends upon the production source. Either the exponential decay or the Poisson’s peaking curves are the usual characteristic shapes of the grey particle multiplicity distributions. The decay shape is suggested to be a characteristic feature of the source singularity while the peaking shape is a multisource super-position. The sensibility to the centrality varies from a source to other. The distribution shape is identified at each centrality region according to the associated source contribution. In general, the multiplicity characteristics seem to be limited w.r.t. the collision system centrality using light target nuclei. The selection of the black particle multiplicity as a centrality parameter is successful through the collision with the heavy target nuclei. In the collision with the light target nuclei it may be qualitatively better to vote another centrality parameter.

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Adamovich, M. I., M. M. Aggarwal, Y. A. Alexandrov, N. P. Andreeva, Z. V. Anson, R. Arora, F. A. Avetyan et al. « Local particle densities and global multiplicities in central heavy ion interactions at 3.7, 14.6, 60 and 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 56, n^o 4 (décembre 1992) : 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01474723.

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Adamovich, M. I., M. M. Aggarwal, Y. A. Alexandrov, N. P. Andreeva, Z. V. Anson, R. Arora, F. A. Avetyan et al. « A systematic study of the energy independent behaviour of the fragmentation regions in16O-Em interactions from 3.7 to 200A GeV ». Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 55, n^o 2 (juin 1992) : 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01482584.

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Schmidt, Peter, Oliver Boine-Frankenheim et Peter Mulser. « Optimum laser parameters for 1D radiation pressure acceleration ». Laser and Particle Beams 33, n^o 3 (30 avril 2015) : 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000336.

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AbstractLaser ion acceleration (Wilks et al., 2001; Passoni et al., 2010) has become an interesting field of research in the past years. Several experiments, such as LIGHT (Schollmeier et al., 2008; Bagnoud et al., 2010; Busold et al., 2013; 2014a; 2014b) are performed worldwide. High intense, pulsed laser beams are used to generate and accelerate a plasma. For higher laser intensities (>1021 W cm−1), simulations (Esirkepov et al., 2004; Macchi et al., 2005; 2009; 2010; Robinson et al., 2008; Rykovanov et al., 2008; Henig et al., 2009; Schlegel et al., 2009; Shoucri et al., 2011; 2013; 2014; Kar et al., 2012; Korzhimanov et al., 2012; Shoucri, 2012) have revealed a new acceleration mechanism: The Radiation Pressure Acceleration. The entire foil target is accelerated by the radiation pressure of the laser pulse. Ideally, a sharp peak spectrum is generated, with energies up to GeV and nearly solid body density. This work faces on a detailed analysis of the acceleration mechanism in order to develop the optimum laser- and target parameters for the process. The analysis is supported by one-dimensional PIC simulations, using the commercial code VSim© Tech-X (2015).

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Ahmad, Nazeer, Tufail Ahmad, Omveer Singh et Shakeel Ahmad. « A Study of Multifractal Analysis in <sup>16</sup>O-AgBr Collisions at 60A and 200A GeV ». Journal of Modern Physics 09, n^o 05 (2018) : 1039–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.95064.

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Abdelsalam, A., S. Kamel, N. Rashed et N. Sabry. « On moments of the multiplicity events of slow target fragments in relativistic Sulfur-ion collisions ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, n^o 08 (août 2014) : 1450040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314500402.

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A detailed study on the multiplicity characteristics of the slow target fragments emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions has been carried out at E Lab = 3.7 A and 200A GeV using 32 S projectile. The beam energy dependence of the black particles produced in the full phase space of 32 S -emulsion (32 S -Em) interactions on the target size in terms of their moments (mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) is investigated. The various order moments of target fragments emitted in the interactions of 32 S beams with the heavy ( AgBr ) target nuclei are estimated in the forward (FHS) and backward (BHS) hemispheres. The investigated values of ratio of variance to mean at both energies show that the multiplicity distributions (MDs) are not Poissonian and the strongly correlated emission of target fragments are in the forward directions. The degree of anisotropic fragment emission and nature of correlation among the emitted fragments are investigated. The energy dependence of entropy is examined in both hemispheres. The entropy values normalized to average multiplicity are found to be energy independent. Scaling of MD of black particles produced in these interactions has been studied to verify the validity of scaling hypothesis via two scaling (Koba–Nielsen–Olesen (KNO)-scaling and Hegyi-scaling) functions. A simplified universal function has been used in each scaling to display the experimental data.

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Takahashi, H., K. Werner et J. Powell. « Antiproton production in p-p, p-Pb, O-Pb and Si-Si collisions at 200A and 1000A GeV calculated by the multistring model VENUS ». Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics 16, n^o 5 (1 mai 1990) : 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/16/5/006.

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Effgen de Aguiar, André. « Letramento crítico e teoria socio-histórico e cultural : aproximações e reflexões sobre desenvolvimento e constituição do sujeito ». Fórum Linguístico 19, n^o 3 (23 novembre 2022) : 8268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2022.e80564.

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Este artigo pretende buscar aproximações entre a Teoria Socio-Histórico e Cultural (VYGOTSKY, 2007 [1934]; LURIA, 1988, 2012; MOLON, 2011) e a Teoria dos Letramentos (KLEIMAN, 1995, 2006; ROJO, 2009; SOARES, 2003; STREET, 2003, 2014; GEE, 1991, 2000), com ênfase no Letramento Crítico (CASSANY; CASTELLÀ, 2010; CARBONIERI, 2016; MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011; JANKS, 2016; JORDÃO, 2016). Por meio dessas aproximações, refletimos sobre conceitos vygotiskianos como aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e constituição do sujeito, percebendo possíveis pontos de conexão entre as teorias e, a partir dos pontos de interseção encontrados e embasados nos princípios do Letramento Crítico, apontamos mais um caminho para o ensino de línguas: a promoção do entendimento crítico e consciente da nossa constituição plural e sócio-histórica, no intuito de evitar a propagação e perpetuação de discursos hegemônicos, estruturalistas e coloniais, diminuindo, assim, preconceitos e violência em nossa sociedade.

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Lotherington, Heather, et Jennifer Jenson. « Teaching Multimodal and Digital Literacy in L2 Settings : New Literacies, New Basics, New Pedagogies ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 31 (mars 2011) : 226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190511000110.

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Globalization and digitization have reshaped the communication landscape, affecting how and with whom we communicate, and deeply altering the terrain of language and literacy education. As children in urban contexts become socialized into communities of increasing cultural and communicational connectivity, complexity, and convergence (Jenkins, 2004), and funding for specialist second language (L2) support declines, classrooms have become linguistically heterogeneous spaces where every teacher is a teacher of L2 learners.This article has two purposes: The first is to give an overview of the concept of multimodal literacies, which utilize diverse media to represent visual, audio, gestural, spatial, and tactile dimensions of communication in addition to traditional written and oral forms (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009a). Since the New London Group's manifesto on multiliteracies in 1996, which merged language and literacy education agendas in L2 teaching, language arts, media literacy, and cultural studies, new basics have developed that apply to all classrooms and all learners. Second, this article reviews and reports on innovative pedagogical approaches to multimodal literacies involving L2 learners. These are grounded theoretically (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009a, 2009b; Kress, 2003, 2010; New London Group, 1996) and epistemologically (de Castell & Jenson, 2003; Gee, 2009, 2010; Kellner, 2004; Lankshear & Knobel, 2003, 2006).

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KOÇAK, Kürşat, et L. Gürkan GÖKÇEK. « Bilge Kağan Hazinesinin Gün Yüzüne Çıkarılması : Bilge Kağan Anıt Alanı Kazı Çalışmaları ». Gazi Akademik Bakış 15, n^o 30 (15 juin 2022) : 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19060/gav.1131087.

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Göktürk devleti 634 yılındaki yıkılışının ardından 40 yıllık esaretten sonra 682 yılında Kutlug ve Tonyukuk liderliğinde tam bağımsızlığını kazanmıştı. Kutlug Kağan’ın ölümünden sonra yerine tahta Bilge Kağan ve Kül Tigin’in yaşlarının küçük olmasından dolayı Kapgan Kağan çıkmıştır. Daha sonra oğlu İnel Kağan tahta geçmiştir. Bilge ve Kül Tigin kardeşler 716 yılında darbe yapak iktidarı ele almışlardır. Tonyukuk ve Kül Tigin öldükten sonra Bilge Kağan 734 yılında zehirlenerek öldürülmüştür. Kül Tigin ve Bilge Kağan için anıt alanlar yapılmıştır. Lumir Jisl 1958 yılında Kül Tigin anıt alanını kazarak ilk elden değerli bilgiler bırakmıştır. Ancak Bilge Kağan anıt alanı kazılmamıştır. Türk devleti 2000 yılına doğru Orkun Yazıtlarının ve Moğolistan’daki diğer Türk eserlerinin korunması ve onarılmasına dair bir proje hazırladılar. Bu amaçla 19 Haziran 2000 yılında Türkiye’den yola çıkan 25 bilim adamı, o gün Orkun’a geldiler. Böylece Moğolistan’da Türk kazı ekibi tarafından MOTAP projesi kapsamında 2000 yılında başlatılan kazılar 2004 yılına kadar kesintisiz devam edecekti. “2000 yılı Temmuz-Ağustos aylarında başlayan çalışmalar ile öncelikle yüzey araştırmasına ağırlık verilmiş ayrıca, Anıt alanı üzerindeki korumasız şekilde üç parça halinde yerde yatık vaziyette bulunan kitabe ve yüzeyde görülen Bilge Kağan ve eşini tasvir eden heykeller ile Kül Tigin Anıt alanında yazılı abidenin haricinde kalan heykeller, kazı alanı yakınlarında daha önce TİKA tarafından müze amaçlı yaptırılmış olan binaya taşınarak koruma altına alınmıştır”. Daha sonra 2001, 2002, 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında yine aynı proje kapsamında alanda sistemli bir şekilde kazılara devam edilmiş ve yapı kompleksin planı ana hatlarıyla ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Buna göre Anıt, 36x72 m. lik bir dikdörtgen alan içerisinde inşa edilmiştir. Bilge Kağan anıt alanı kare planlı iki tarafa yüzleri birbirine bakan iki mermerden iki koç heykelinin koruduğu giriş kapısı ile başlamaktadır.

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Sousa, Maria Aurea Albuquerque, et Michelle Soares Pinheiro. « A construção de significados do infográfico “Panorama das favelas em Fortaleza” à luz da Gramática do Design Visual ». Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 19, n^o 1 (mars 2019) : 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-6398201812969.

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RESUMO Neste artigo, analisamos o infográfico “Panorama das favelas em Fortaleza” com base na Gramática do Design Visual - GDV (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) e pelos conceitos teóricos da semiótica social (HODGE; KRESS, 1988), multimodalidade (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2001, 2002, 2006) e letramento multimodal crítico (CALLOW, 2008, 2012 2013; PAIVA, 2011; PINHEIRO, 2016; PREDEBOM, 2015; RIBEIRO, 2016; WALSH, 2010). Ao utilizarmos as metafunções da GDV, percebemos que o infográfico se apoia fortemente nos elementos imagéticos como representações conceituais, utiliza bastante as cores a fim de amenizar o estigma negativo da favela e apresenta dados estatísticos de uma pesquisa divulgada no ano de 2015. O infográfico analisado pode ser utilizado em sala de aula para desenvolver práticas de leitura multimodal crítica com estudantes.

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Silva, Elizabeth Maria da, et Denise Lino de Araújo. « Mobilização de práticas letradas na produção de palestras : uma análise de redações de vestibular ». Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 50, n^o 1 (juin 2011) : 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-18132011000100011.

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Tendo em vista que, nas provas de redação aplicadas pela Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, está sendo exigida a escrita de um gênero textual (artigo de opinião e relato de experiência, UFCG 2005; depoimento e carta denúncia, UFCG 2006; palestra e resenha, UFCG 2007; análise comparativa de dois poemas e reportagem, UFCG 2008) e que cada candidato que se submete a tal exame tem um histórico de letramento (doravante hl) particular, este artigo tem dois objetivos: (1) averiguar as práticas letradas requeridas na produção da palestra proposta na prova de redação aplicada no vestibular da UFCG em 2007 e (2) analisar as associações entre a mobilização de práticas letradas nas palestras e o histórico de letramento dos candidatos. trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-interpretativa de cunho qualitativo, cujo corpus foi constituído por quatro conjuntos de dados, a saber: (1) prova de redação aplicada no vestibular; (2) amostragem de palestras produzidas; (3) questionário socioeconômico e cultural respondido pelos candidatos e (4) entrevista semi-estruturada realizada com os mesmos. os dados, analisados com base nos estudos contemporâneos sobre letramento (cf. BARTON & HAMILTON, 2000; GEE, 2000; MEY, 2001; BAZERMAN, 2007), sinalizam, de um lado, a presença de multiletramento na prova e, por outro lado, indicam que o hl dos candidatos parece ser fator decisivo para a mobilização de práticas letradas na redação. os candidatos que demonstraram conhecer as práticas exigidas no vestibular provavelmente tinham familiaridade com eventos de letramento, cujas práticas eram semelhantes às exigidas no evento escolhido no exame, já aqueles que as não atenderam de modo adequado parece que tinham mais experiência com o letramento escolar. assim, os resultados levam-nos a concluir que práticas escolares parecem não ser suficientes para que os vestibulandos demonstrem as práticas multiletradas exigidas na prova.

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Fiorin, Márcia Meira Berti, Cristiane Marques de Mello et Hilka Vier Machado. « Empreendedorismo e Inovação : Análise dos Índices de Inovação dos Empreendimentos Brasileiros com base nos Relatórios do GEM de 2006, 2007 e 2008 ». Revista de Administração da UFSM 3, n^o 3 (26 janvier 2011) : 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198346591583.

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Entrepreneurship is understood as a process which makes something creative and innovative, aiming to generate wealth and value for individuals and for society (FILION, 2004; SHANE; VENKATARAMAN, 2000; BRUYAT; JULIEN, 2000. Entrepreneurship involves recognizing the opportunity to create something new, but the recognition of an opportunity to develop a new market, using a new raw material or develop a new means of production (SCHUMPETER, 1982; BARON; SHANE, 2007). This study aims to describe and analyze aspects related to innovation of enterprises based on the Brazilian research developed by the GEM - Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data used for the development of the study are secondary data and were published in those reports for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. The search results classify Brazil among the countries most entrepreneurs, however, such studies have shown that the country has low rates when it comes to innovation in business. Thus, the study includes some notes regarding the possible reasons leading to low rates of innovation in Brazilian companies.

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Di Nucci, Josefina, et Santiago Linares. « El comercio alimenticio en Argentina 2001-2006 : análisis territorial del sector supermercadista ». Geográfica digital 5, n^o 9 (17 mai 2008) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/geo.592831.

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A partir del año 2001, la crisis y sus consecuencias se hicieron sentir en el comercio alimenticio y si bien es claro, que el supermercadismo y la concentración económica de los grupos de distribución en Argentina no se revirtió, se evidencia desde ese año y con mayor énfasis después de la devaluación (2002) un estancamiento y posterior decrecimiento del sector supermercadista argentino, para volver a crecer a partir del año 2005. Se presenta en este trabajo, un análisis profundo de la gran distribución (GD) en Argentina, en el periodo 2001- 2006, a través de los datos oficiales del INDEC correspondiente a la “Encuesta de Supermercados”, mostrando especialmente las diferencias territoriales resultado del uso diferencial y jerárquico del territorio argentino.

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