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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « 1814-1884 »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 27 janvier 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "1814-1884"

Brunetti, M. Mauro, et Giano Della Bella. « La Famiglia Tellinidae Blainville, 1814, nel Plio-Pleistocene dell’Europa meridionale, parte seconda:i generi Asbjornsenia Friele, 1886, Strigilla W. Turton, 1822, Bosemprella M. Huber, Langleit & ; Kreipl, 2015, Fabulina Gray, 1851, Macomangulus Nordsieck, 1969, Oudardia Monterosato, 1884, Peronaea Poli, 1791, Peronidia Dall, 1900, Serratina Pallary, 1920, con descrizione di 3 nuove specie ». Bollettino Malacologico 58, n^o 2 (28 octobre 2022) : 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.53559/bollmalacol.2022.10.

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A second revision of the Plio-Pleistocenic taxa of the family Tellinidae Blainville, 1814 of southern Europe is presented, 15 species are illustrated and discussed of which 3 described for the first time. For the genus Asbjornsenia Friele, 1886: Asbjornsenia pygmaea (Lovén, 1846); for the genus Strigilla W. Turton, 1822: Strigilla etrusca Brunetti M. & Della Bella, 2003; for the genus Bosemprella M. Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015: Bosemprella incarnata (Linnaeus 1758), for the genus Fabulina Gray, 1851: Fabulina fabuloides Monterosato, 1884; for the genus Macomangulus Nordsieck, 1969: Macomangulus exiguus (Poli, 1791), Macomangulus tenuis tenuis (Da Costa, 1778); for the genus Oudardia Monterosato, 1884: Oudardia compressa (Brocchi, 1814), Oudardia strigilata (Philippi, 1844), Oudardia pliorecens n. sp. of the Tuscan-Emilian Plio-Pleistocene; for the genus Peronaea Poli, 1791: Peronaea planata planata (Linnaeus, 1758); for the genus Peronidia Dall, 1900: Peronidia albicans (Gmelin, 1791), Peronidia iberica n. sp. of the Spanish Early Pliocene, Peronidia intermedia n. sp. of the Italian Early Pliocene; Peronidia transiens (Cerulli-Irelli, 1909); for the genus Serratina Pallary, 1920: Serratina serrata (Brocchi, 1814, Renier m.s.). Some one specimen with open nomenclature are also reported and illustrated: Macomangulus sp. 1 of the Piedmont Early Pliocene.

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Torrens, H. S. « James Buckman (1814–1884) : the scientific career of an English Darwinian thwarted by religious prejudice ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 310, n^o 1 (2009) : 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp310.24.

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Rohman, Syaiful, et Dewaki Kramadibrata. « Piwulang dalam Serat Darmasaloka ». Jumantara : Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara 9, n^o 2 (7 août 2019) : 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.37014/jumantara.v9i2.250.

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Serat Darmasaloka (selanjutnya disingkat SD) merupakan manuskrip yang ditulis menggunakan bahasa dan aksara Jawa dalam bentuk puisi atau tembang macapat . Teks SD menceritakan kisah Siti Maryam, anak dari Syeh Ngabdullah yang dibuang ke hutan karena difitnah telah berzinah. Teks SD banyak mengandung nasihat-nasihat atau piwulang dan pemikiran-pemikiran agama Islam. Dari berbagai katalog penyimpanan naskah di Indonesia maupun di luar Indonesia tercatat ada 3 naskah yang ditemukan dengan judul Sêrat Darmasaloka. Pertama, yaitu naskah dengan nomor katalog KS 539 B yang berjudul Serat Darmasaloka. Naskah kedua dengan nomor katalog KS 539 C dengan judul Pethikan saking sêrat Darmasaloka. Naskah ketiga dengan judul Sêrat Darmasalokayang tersimpan di Perpustakaan Indonesia dengan nomor katalog PW 26/KS 77. Naskah KS 539 B berdasarkan kolofonnya, selesai ditulis pada 29 Sura tahun Je 1814 AJ, atau 29 Muharram 1302 H, atau 18 November 1884 M. Naskah KS 539 C selesai ditulis pada Senin tanggal 28 bulan Ramadhan tahun 1816 AJ atau pada tanggal 20 Juni tahun 1887 M. Adapun naskah PW 26/KS 77 selesai ditulis pada 25 Jumadilawal tahun Je 1846 AJ, atau 30 Maret 1916 M.

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Fernández-Paradas, Mercedes, et Antonio Jesús Pinto Tortosa. « La saga de los ingenieros británicos Manby y su contribución a la industria del gas en Francia y España (1776-1884) ». Asclepio 73, n^o 2 (12 novembre 2021) : p561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2021.19.

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El inglés Aaron Manby (1776-1850) es el iniciador de una saga, continuada por sus hijos, también ingenieros: Charles (1804-1884), John Richard (1813-1869), Joseph (1814-1862), y Edward (1816-1864). Todos ellos desempeñaron un papel muy relevante en la Europa del ochocientos, combinando su profesión como ingenieros con una intensa actividad industrial, que desarrollaron en Gran Bretaña, Francia y España. Aaron, el patriarca, fue el primero en construir un barco de hierro, que comunicó Gran Bretaña y Francia. En Francia levantó una gran industria metalúrgica a principios de la década de 1820, dedicándose a la construcción de este tipo de buques, y entre otros menesteres también abarcó la fabricación de equipamiento para el negocio gasista; de hecho, obtuvo la concesión para el alumbrado de París. A mediados de los años 1840 sus hijos Joseph y Edward marcharon a España, donde destacaron con un trabajo frenético en la industria del gas, así como en la desecación de lagunas, la construcción de ferrocarril, o la explotación minera. En este estudio se analiza el conjunto de sus actividades, subrayando su participación en el nacimiento de la industria española del gas, sin descuidar el resto de ámbitos en los que diversificaron sus inversiones.

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Bezděk, Jan. « Taumacera revisited, with new synonyms, new combinations and a revised catalogue of the species (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Galerucinae) ». Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2019) : 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0003.

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Abstract The generic synonyms of Taumacera Thunberg, 1814 are revised. Acroxena Baly, 1879; Kinabalua Mohamedsaid, 1997; Neochrolea Jacoby, 1887; Paraenidea Laboissière, 1933 and Xenarthra Baly, 1861 are proposed as new synonyms of Taumacera. Luperomorphella Chûjô, 1964 is removed from the synonymy with Taumacera and proposed as a new synonym of Cerophysa Chevrolat, 1836. As a result of the examination of extensive type material, the following new combinations are proposed: Cerophysaalbomaculata (Chûjô, 1964) comb. nov. (from Luperomorpha), Hoplosaenidea basalis (Duvivier, 1884) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hoplosaenidea dohertyi (Jacoby, 1894) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hoplosaenidea rubripennis (Duvivier, 1884) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia balyi (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia bicornuta (Medvedev, 2001) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia costata (Medvedev, 2001) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Hyphaenia tonkinensis (Laboissière, 1936) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Pseudoscelida metallica (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Doridea), Pseudoscelida nigrolimbata (Jacoby, 1899) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera antennata (Mohamedsaid, 1997) comb. nov. (from Kinabalua), Taumacera bella (Weise, 1922) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera cervicornis (Baly, 1861) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera clypeata (Baly, 1888) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera coxalis (Jacoby, 1899) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera facialis (Baly, 1886) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera fulva (Kimoto, 1989) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera jacobyi (Weise, 1922) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera javanensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. (from Dorydea), Taumacera lewisi (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera martensi (Medvedev, 1990) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera mirabilis (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera musaamani (Mohamedsaid, 2010) comb. nov. (from Kinabalua), Taumacera nasuta (Baly, 1879) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera paradoxa (Laboissière, 1936) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera samoderzhenkovi (Medvedev, 1992) comb. nov. (from Acroxena), Taumacera submetallica (Jacoby, 1896) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera sumatrensis (Jacoby, 1884) comb. nov. (from Aenidea), Taumacera suturalis (Duvivier, 1885) comb. nov. (from Platyxantha), Taumacera unicolor (Jacoby, 1887) comb. nov. (from Xenarthra), Taumacera viridis (Hope, 1831) comb. nov. (from Auchenia). New substitute names are proposed for preoccupied taxa which are newly transferred to Taumacera from other genera: Taumacera kimotoi nom. nov. (for Acroxena femoralis Kimoto, 1989, nec Platyxantha femoralis Allard, 1889, synonym of T. fulvicollis (Jacoby, 1881)); Taumacera indicola nom. nov. (for Acroxena indica Jacoby, 1896, nec Taumacera indica (Jacoby, 1889)); Taumacera medvedevi nom. nov. (for Acroxena nigricornis Medvedev, 1992, nec Taumacera nigricornis (Baly, 1864)). The following new synonyms are established: Fleutiauxia chinensis (Maulik, 1933) = Fleutiauxia mutifrons Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963 syn. nov.; Hoplosaenidea abdominalis (Jacoby, 1884) = Platyxantha wallacei Jacoby, 1895 syn. nov.; Metrioidea grandis (Allard, 1889) = Platyxantha robusta Jacoby, 1895 syn. nov.; Taumacera lewisi (Jacoby, 1887) = Aenidea hirtipennis Jacoby, 1887 syn. nov.; Taumacera indica (Jacoby, 1889) = Palpoxena yunnana Medvedev, 2015 syn. nov.; Taumacera sumatrensis (Jacoby, 1884) = Ozomena intermedia Jacoby, 1899 syn. nov. Platyxantha quadraticollis Jacoby, 1896 is confirmed as a synonym of Theopella bodjoensis (Duvivier, 1885). The name Hyphaenia tibialis Medvedev & Romantsov, 2013 is fixed by the act of the first reviewer principle. Based on the structure of antennae, seven species-groups are recognized (the antennata-group, the cervicornis-group, the deusta-group, the insignis-group, the nasuta-group, the nigricornis-group, and the viridis-group). Lectotypes are designated for Platyxantha balyi Jacoby, 1895 and Dorydea indica Jacoby, 1889, which is important since each of their syntype series consists of two different species

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DE FORGES, BERTRAND RICHER, BEE YAN LEE et PETER K. L. NG. « The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea : Brachyura : Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean ». Zootaxa 5048, n^o 3 (7 octobre 2021) : 301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1.

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The taxonomy of majid spider crabs collected from recent southwest Indian Ocean cruises belonging to Eurynome Leach, 1814, and allied genera is treated. Eurynome longimana Stimpson, 1857, long synonymised with the European E. aspera (Pennant, 1777), is here recognised as a distinct species. Stimpson’s (1857) species can be distinguished by the armature of granules on the third maxilliped, proportions and armature of the ambulatory merus, relatively shorter ambulatory dactylus, structure of the male sternopleonal cavity and relative proportions of the male first gonopod. The composition of Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932, is discussed and the type species, C. koreensis Rathbun, 1932, is figured. One species, C. verhoeffi (Balss, 1929), is not considered to be a member of Choniognathus and its taxonomy is discussed. A new spinose species, C. spinosus, is also described. Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986, is revised, and two new species, S. mirabilis and S. kabuto, are described and compared with S. orientalis (Sakai, 1961) and S. stimpsoni (Miers, 1884). The poorly known Eurynome elegans Stebbing, 1921 is rediscovered, its taxonomy clarified and the species is shown to belong to Kasagia Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007. A second species of Kasagia, K. sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath & Ng, 2019, recently described from the Arabian Sea is recorded from southwest Indian Ocean.

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Murphy, Gretchen. « Revising the Law of the Mother in the Adoption-Marriage Plot ». Nineteenth-Century Literature 69, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2014) : 342–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2014.69.3.342.

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Gretchen Murphy, “Revising the Law of the Mother in the Adoption-Marriage Plot” (pp. 342–365) This essay traces a common plot in British and American fiction in which an outsider is first adopted and then later marries into a family. Such plots have been linked with the transition from blood to voluntary association in liberal society, but this essay examines the apparent superfluity of adoption and marriage in bringing the outsider into the family. Surveying historicist and psychoanalytic interpretations of the role of incest in the formation of democratic and contractual community in these works, the essay uses Juliet Mitchell’s psychoanalytic theory of siblings to propose that these plots address a central challenge of democracy: mediating equality and freedom when a legally imposed equality among all stands at odds with the freedom to create closed communities of choice. Shifting from adopted siblinghood to marriage enables a fantasy of social relations that are entirely chosen rather than imposed. Novels discussed include Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814); James Fenimore Cooper’s Wyandotté (1843); Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847); Maria Susanna Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854); Frank J. Webb’s The Garies and Their Friends (1857); Anthony Trollope’s Doctor Thorne (1858); Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862); Augusta Jane Evans’s St. Elmo (1866); María Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought It? (1872); and Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona (1884).

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Bakloushinskaya, Irina, Elena A. Lyapunova, Abdusattor S. Saidov, Svetlana A. Romanenko, Patricia C. M. O’Brien, Natalia A. Serdyukova, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, Sergey N. Matveevsky et Aleksey S. Bogdanov. « Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia) ». Comparative Cytogenetics 13, n^o 2 (20 juin 2019) : 147–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v13i2.34224.

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Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods. The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole vole Ellobiusalaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 is one of three sibling species constituting the subgenus Ellobius Fischer, 1814, all of which lost the Y chromosome and obtained isomorphic XX sex chromosomes in both males and females. E.alaicus is evaluated by IUCN as a data deficient species because their distribution, biology, and genetics are almost unknown. We revealed specific karyotypic variability (2n = 52–48) in E.alaicus due to different Robertsonian translocations (Rbs). Two variants of hybrids (2n = 53, different Rbs) with E.tancrei Blasius, 1884 were found at the Northern slopes of the Alay Ridge and in the Naryn district, Kyrgyzstan. We described the sudden change in chromosome numbers from 2n = 50 to 48 and specific karyotype structure for mole voles, which inhabit the entrance to the Alay Valley (Tajikistan), and revealed their affiliation as E.alaicus by cytochrome b and fragments of nuclear XIST and Rspo1 genes sequencing. To date, it is possible to expand the range of E.alaicus from the Alay Valley (South Kyrgyzstan) up to the Ferghana Ridge and the Naryn Basin, Tien Shan at the north-east and to the Pamir-Alay Mountains (Tajikistan) at the west. The closeness of E.tancrei and E.alaicus is supported, whereas specific chromosome and molecular changes, as well as geographic distribution, verified the species status for E.alaicus. The case of Ellobius species accented an unevenness in rates of chromosome and nucleotide changes along with morphological similarity, which is emblematic for cryptic species.

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Frontczak, Beata. « Niepublikowane archiwalia dotyczące Fabryki Fajansu, Porcelany i Naczyń Kamiennych w Ćmielowie oraz naczynia z ćmielowskich serwisów porcelanowych Druckich-Lubeckich w zbiorach Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ». Opuscula Musealia 28 (15 juin 2022) : 23–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843852.om.21.002.15503.

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Unpublished archives concerning the Faience, Porcelain and Stone Vessels Factory in Ćmielów and vessels from the Drucki-Lubecki porcelain services in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum The first part of the article discusses a so far unpublished notarial deed of sale in 1845 by the Pusłowski brothers: Xawery Pusłowski (1806–1874), Wandalin Pusłowski (1814–1884), Franciszek Pusłowski (1800–1859) and Władysław Pusłowski (1801–1859), to Duchess Teresa of Drucki-Lubecki, Countess Scipio del Campo, half of the Ćmielów estate with annexes and appurtenances they inherited from their father, Wojciech Pusłowski, who died in 1833. The deed recorded in the register of documents of the Warsaw Notary Office has not survived. All the more valuable is a document held in the Manuscripts Department of the Jagiellonian Library, the second main extract of a deed of sale, drawn up in Warsaw on 29 May 1845 by Marcin Ciechanowski, scribe of the records of the Kingdom of Poland and regent of the Land Registry of the Warsaw Governorate. The first main extract, given to Teresa of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, Countess Scipio del Campo, was not preserved in the Szczuczynski Archives of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, held in the Czartoryski Library in Krakow. The second part of the article presents 39 pieces of Ćmielów porcelain vessels from five Drucki-Lubecki family services ordered in the Ćmielów factory at a time when the Drucki-Lubecki dukes were co-owners or sole proprietors of the Ćmielów estate and the faience, stoneware and porcelain factory in Ćmielów. Particularly valuable are dishes from the service dating from 1839 to 1851, bearing the monograms MD.L., Duchess Maria Drucka-Lubecka, wife of Duke Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. The marks used on Ćmielów porcelain previously unknown in the literature were published. Basis on entries in the French press, the names of three French specialists (Auguste Teissonnière, Jules Teissonnière, Louis Delagnier) have been determined, which have so far been incorrectly reported in the literature.

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Moseyko, A. G. « A new species of the genus Pagria Lefèvre, 1884 (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Eumolpinae) from Laos ». Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 9, n^o 1 (2013) : 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2013-9-1-112-113.

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Thèses sur le sujet "1814-1884"

Masson, Catherine. « Le cardinal Liénart, évêque de Lille (1928-1968) : un grand pasteur ». Lille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL30006.

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Catholicisme social, syndicalisme chrétien, action catholique sont quelques-uns des mots-clés de l'épiscopat du cardinal Liénart (1928-1968), qui dans la dynamique pastorale initiée par le pape Pie XI se voulut essentiellement missionnaire. Considéré comme un pasteur modèle pour son temps, le cardinal se montra pendant les quarante ans de son épiscopat à Lille, un homme de dialogue et de conciliation, un homme de conviction, fidèle d'un bout à l'autre à ses grandes options, soucieux, mais sans exclusive, d'atteindre les masses déchristianisées et surtout le monde ouvrier. Il suscita ou encouragea nombre d'initiatives qui visaient à développer l'action de l'église et favorisa particulièrement l'action catholique spécialisée. Il jouissait auprès de ses diocésains d'une popularité que les ambigüités de son attitude sous l'occupation n'affecta pas véritablement. Conscient de quelques-unes des dérives qui atteignirent l'église dans les années cinquante et soixante, il ne prit cependant pas la mesure exacte de la séduction que certaines idéologies et surtout le marxisme exerçaient sur nombre de prêtres et de militants. Ses responsabilités vis a vis des prêtres-ouvriers, qu'il soutint sans faiblir, lui révélèrent de façon douloureuse certains dysfonctionnements écclesiaux. Cette crise ne fut pas étrangère à son approfondissement du rôle de l'évêque et de la notion de collégialité épiscopale, que le concile allait affirmer avec force. L'aspect très lillois de l'épiscopat du cardinal Liénart ne masqua jamais la dimension d'universalité qu'il attachait à la vocation de l'évêque et qu'il traduisit dans l'intérêt qu'il porta aux jeunes églises, comme dans la part très active qu'il prit au concile Vatican II. Personnalité riche, attachante, parfois déroutante, aux visages contrastés, enracinée dans une foi profonde, que renouvelait sans cesse la méditation de l'écriture sainte, le cardinal Liénart fut avant tout un grand pasteur
In accordance with the dynamic pastoral tendancy initiated by the pope Pie XI, cardinal Liénart endeavoured to be a missionary. Social catholicism, christian trade-unionism and catholic action were some of the key terms of his episcopate (1928-1968). Regarded as a model pastor of his time, cardinal Liénart reniaided throughout the 40 years of his Lille episcopate a man of dialogue and beliefs, devoted to the options he took and concerned among other things about reaching the dechristianised masses and above all the working class. He gave rise to much initiative aiming to develop the action of the church and more particularly the specialised catholic action. He enjoyed considerable popularity among his diocesans which it seems did not affect the ambiguous attitude he adopted during the occupation. Despite being conscious of some of the divergences of the church during the fifties and sixties he did not fully appreciate the influence that certain ideologies and in particular marxism had on numerous priests and militants. The responsability he felt regarding worker priests and the fall support he gave them sorrowfully revealed certain dysfunctions in the church. This critical period played a considerate part in instigating his profond study of the role of bishops and of the collegial episcopal structure which the council later went on to confirm. The lillois aspect of cardinal Liénart's episcopate never hid the universal dimension that he gave his vocation as a bishop and that he revealed in the interest he took in the young churches and the active part he played in the Vatican II council. An interesting, loveable and sometimes disconcerting character, rooted in a deep faith perpetually strengthened by his meditation of the holy scripture, cardinal Liénart was above all a great pastor

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Teoli, Maria-Luisa. « La ballata romantica in Italia / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56622.

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This work deals with the existence of a wide body of ballads in Italy during the romantic era. It disproves Giovanni Berchet's contention in his "Lettera semiseria", the manifesto of Italian Romanticism. He argued that Italy did not have popular literature and, being unaware of an existing tradition, he translated and proposed two of Burger's ballads as examples to be followed.
The first two chapters of this thesis concentrate on the origins of the popular ballad and its first occurrence in Italy.
The third chapter examines the major ballad writers in Italy. Particular attention is given to Luigi Carrer and Giovanni Prati.
The final chapters are a discussion of Italy's minor ballad writers, followed by a conclusion.

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Esposito, Antonio Kurt. « The history of the Torrens system of land registration with special reference to its German origins ». Adelaide, S.A. : School of Law, University of Adelaide, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lme77.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references. The origins of the Torrens System of land registration are not clear. Examines the claim of Dr. Ulrich Hübbe who asserted that he collaborated with Torrens to bring about the adoption of the land law of his hometown Hamburg in the form of the Real Property Act 1858 (SA). An historical examination (collecting and analysing all relevant historical sources), shows that it is likely that Hübbe was the actual draftsman, while a comparative legal analysis (contrasting Hamburg's land law at the beginning of the 19th century with the first bill of the Act) demonstrates that there is a strong similarity between Hamburg's land registration system and the original Torrens System; and, that the outstanding differences between the systems can be explained by the natural adaptation processes which are implied by the adoption of laws.

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Vincent-Munnia, Nathalie. « Les premiers poèmes en prose : généalogie d'un genre dans la première moitié du dix-neuvième siècle français ». Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO20006.

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L'expression "poème en prose" ne naît pas au 19e siècle : tout au long du 18e siècle, elle sert à caractériser une prose qui peut acquérir un statut poètique, parallèlement au vers, lequel ne détermine plus dès lors systématiquement ni exclusivement l'existence de la poésie. Mais, dans les premières décennies du 19e, la reconnaissance de cette poésie en prose étant plus définitive, la prose peut s'élaborer plus spécifiquement en poème (au sens moderne du terme, non plus au sens classique et analogique d'"ouvrage de style poétique" ou d'"épopée en prose"). Elle suscite alors un nouveau type de poeticité, abandonnant les normes prédéfinies, qui rendent impossible toute définition systématique et modélisante du genre. Ce type de poétique inédit ne trouve son actualisation que dans l'activité de reconnaissance du lecteur. Le poème en prose est par conséquent dépendant de sa réception -problématique au début du 19e. Les auteurs de ces premiers poèmes en prose (L. De Cailleux, A. Rabbe, A. Bertrand, X. Forneret, M. De Guérin, J. Lefebre-Deumier) font en outre de ce nouvel instrument poétique le moyen en même temps que l'objet d'une quête poétique d'un nouvel ordre. Le poème en prose acquiert ainsi une valeur exploratoire et expérimentale. Initiateur de nouveaux types de poéticité, il élabore aussi des processus de réflexivité poétique (de réflexion du poétique par lui-même et sur lui-même), qui détermineront les évolutions ultérieures de la poésie
The expression "prose poem" does not appear in the nineteenth century : throughout the eighteenth century, it is used to distinguish a prose which can pretend to a poetical status, in the same way as verse (that from then on neither systemat ically nor exclusively determines the existence of poetry). But, during the first decades of the nineteenth century, after the more definitive recognition of this prose poetry, the prose can be elaborated more specifically as a poem (in the modern use of the term, and no longer in the classical and analogical sense of "work in poetic style" or "prose epic"). It creates then a new type of poeticity, abandoning the predefined norms and thus benefiting from non predetermined poetic effects which make any systematic and modelising definition of the genre impossible. This kind of original poetic owes its actualization uniquely to the recognition activity of its reader. The prose poem is consequently dependent on its receipt - problematical at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, the authors of these first prose poems (ludovic de cailleux, alphonse rabbe, aloysius bertrand, xavier forneret, maurice de guerin and jules lefevre-deumier) not only make this new poetics instrument the object but also the means of a new order poetical quest. The prose poem thus acquires an exploratory and experimental value. Initiator of new types of poeticity, it also elaborates some processes of poetical reflection (by itself and upon itsel), which will determine the subsequent evolutions of poetry. Open and uncertain, the genre therefore also appears as eminently virtual and paradoxical : its generic identity being built upon its capacity to inaugurate new modes of poeticity and genericity, it is doomed to see this generic specificity dissolve at the very moment that it accedes to an entire recognition

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Livres sur le sujet "1814-1884"

Malglaive, Alain. Eugène Rouher, 1814-1884 : Biographie. [Broût-Vernet] : Association Azi la Garance, 2005.

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Charles, Reade. Plays. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] : Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Seip, Jens Arup. Utsikt over Norges historie : Tidsrommet 1814-ca. 1860, tidsrommet ca. 1850-1884. Oslo : Gyldendal, 2003.

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Seip, Jens Arup. Utsikt over Norges historie : Tidsrommet 1814-ca.1860 : tidsrommet ca. 1850-1884. 3^e éd. Oslo : Gyldendal, 2002.

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My chains fell off : William Wells Brown, fugitive abolitionist. Lanham, MD : University Press of America, 1985.

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Netherlands. Ministerie van Defensie. Centraal Archievendepot. Inventaris van de archieven van de eerstaanwezend ingenieur der genie te Bergen op Zoom, 1767, 1804, 1814-1964 en de 5e Verdedigingsstelling te Dordrecht, 1879-1884. [ʼs-Gravenhage] : Ministerie van Defensie, 1989.

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Johnston, Ernest Barnwell. Brown and Hallonquist : An account of the ancestors of Benjamin Franklin Brown (1814-1884) and his wife, Catherine Ann Hallonquist (1830-1894) of Barnwell, South Carolina. Shepherdstown, W. Va. (Route 1, Box 286, Shepherdstown 25443) : E.B. Johnston, 1998.

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Victorian sensational fiction : The daring work of Charles Reade. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Wells, Brown William. From fugitive slave to free man : The autobiographies of William Wells Brown. Columbia : University of Missouri Press, 2003.

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Wells, Brown William. My southern home : Or, the South and its people. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "1814-1884"

« CROSSLING, John (c. 1814–1884) ». Dans Dictionary Of British And Irish Botantists And Horticulturalists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers, 840–41. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12560-432.

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Kinealy, Christine. « William Wells Brown (c.1814–1884) ». Dans Black Abolitionists in Ireland, 135–61. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429275401-5.

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Langford, Malcolm. « Norwegian Lawyers and Political Mobilization 1623–2015 ». Dans The Limits of the Legal Complex, 147–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848413.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that Norwegian lawyers have been a regular though not constant feature in the arc of political liberalism. It reviews though that Norwegian lawyers mobilized mostly in smaller groups or wings and almost always found themselves on both sides of the barricades. Lawyers did made major contributions to political liberalism in the nineteeenth century, but primarily as members of the political complex, and it is only in the late twentieth century that distinct legal complexes emerge. The chapter draws on and applies a legal complex theory, developed by the author in chapter 9, that is constructed along two axes that foreground the individual agency and motivations of lawyers and their relative opportunity structures. It focuses on four broad historical periods: mercantilism and monarchism from 1622 to 1814, liberal nationalism from 1814 to 1884, social liberalism and welfarism from 1885 to 1980, and globalization and legalization from 1977 to 2015.

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