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Galligari, Alessandro, Mirko Maischberger y Fabio Schoen. "Local search heuristics for the zone planning problem". Optimization Letters 11, n.º 1 (30 de julio de 2016): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11590-016-1069-6.
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Sah, Ram Uday y Shree Ram Khadka. "Earliest Arrival Evacuation Planning: Two-Terminal Case". Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 2 (29 de noviembre de 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v2i0.16104.
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<p>Evacuation planning problem can be considered as a dynamic flow problem on the dynamic network. In a dangerous situation, as many individuals as possible should be rescued from a dangerous zone to a safety zone as quickly and efficiently as possible. The earliest arrival flow problem is to send a maximal amount of dynamic flow reaching the safety zone sink not only for the given time horizon, but also for any earlier moment of the time horizon. In this paper we discuss the optimization formulation of the earliest arrival evacuation planning problem with efficient solution procedure.</p><p><strong>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management,</strong> Vol. 2, 2016, page: 57-62</p>
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Adhikari, Iswar Mani y Tanka Nath Dhamala. "On the Transit-Based Evacuation Strategies in an Integrated Network Topology". Nepali Mathematical Sciences Report 37, n.º 1-2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmsr.v37i1-2.34063.
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Evacuation planning problem deals with sending the maximum number of evacuees from the danger zone to the safe zone in minimum time as eciently as possible. The dynamic network flow models for various evacuation network topology have been found suitable for the solution of such a problem. Bus based evacuation planning problem (BEPP), as an important variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), is one of the emerging evacuation planning problems. In this work, an organized overview of this problem with a focus on their solution status is compactly presented. Arrival patterns of the evacuees including their transshipments at different pickup locations and their assignments are presented. Finally, a BEPP model and a solution for a special network are also proposed.
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Adhikari, Iswar Mani y Tanka Nath Dhamala. "On the Transit-Based Evacuation Strategies in an Integrated Network Topology". Nepali Mathematical Sciences Report 37, n.º 1-2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmsr.v37i1-2.34063.
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Evacuation planning problem deals with sending the maximum number of evacuees from the danger zone to the safe zone in minimum time as eciently as possible. The dynamic network flow models for various evacuation network topology have been found suitable for the solution of such a problem. Bus based evacuation planning problem (BEPP), as an important variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), is one of the emerging evacuation planning problems. In this work, an organized overview of this problem with a focus on their solution status is compactly presented. Arrival patterns of the evacuees including their transshipments at different pickup locations and their assignments are presented. Finally, a BEPP model and a solution for a special network are also proposed.
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Khaleefah, N. y W. S. Alwan. "Green Zone Planning for City Sustainability". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012075.
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Abstract : The importance of research has emerged by focusing on sustainable green zone planning to solve the problem of degradation through sustainable strategies, to make green areas determine buildings, not the other way around using GIS, by working on a hypothesis (green areas planning according to an appropriate strategy can sustain cities). The principle of urban planning, urban sustainability, sustainable planning and sustainable cities, as well as urban sustainability and many strategies that support green zone planning and rely on a number of factors for sustainable cities, have been addressed. The research was based on how to plan green areas sustainably, what constraints the planners face in the Dora area south of Baghdad, and the reasons for their deterioration in the urban environment, and after analysing and comparing the changes that occurred over three periods of time (2004 and 2009 and 2019) for 10 residential stores to assess the state of the green areas during that period and how they changed, what problems led to the reduction of areas, increased areas built at their expense, compared to the standards of urban and rural housing in Iraq and the basic plan of the company Paul Servis in 1971, Sustainable planning thus creates a balance in the environment, economy and social values so that these new places meet the work and life needs of the local population and their interests, as one of the indicators of sustainable cities environmental, social and economic, measured by the availability of green and preserved areas relative to population density and coverage, which are one of the most important components of the blocs of urban areas to continue the quality of urban life and environmental and social sustainability, and the ratio of green areas to areas built in a sample of the shop Housing in the study area is very few in most stores and is not in line with international standards, so the current standards need to be adjusted and increased from what they are now, as well as laws in general need to be updated because they are in their current state to achieve the sustainability of green areas in the study area. The most important proposals and solutions that address the problems of green areas (developing a specific strategy, developing some laws on the protection of green areas and setting environmental performance standards for green areas). The research recommended the need to review the planning standard for the individual’s share of green spaces as it does not correspond to the increase in population density, and to guide the pursuit of sustainable strategies within the plans prepared by the long-term municipal departments supporting green areas and work to support environmental performance within municipal circles by presenting the award for outstanding environmental performance on conservation capacity and increasing green spaces, urging a focus on the sustainability of Iraqi cities as they suffer from increased desertification and dredging of green areas and current climate change.
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Hartama, Dedy, Herman Mawengkang, Muhammad Zarlis y Rahmad Widia Sembiring. "Model of emergence evacuation route planning with contra flow and zone scheduling in disaster evacuation". Computer Science and Information Technologies 2, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v2i1.p1-10.
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Evacuation is characterized by rapid movement of people in unsafe locations or disaster sites to safer locations. The traffic management strategy for commonly used evacuations is the use of Shoulder-Lane, contraflowing traffic and gradual evacuation. Contra-flow has been commonly used in traffic management by changing traffic lanes during peak hours. To implement the contra-flow operation, there are two main problems that must be decided, namely Optimal Contraflow Lane Configuration Problem (OCLCP) and Optimal Contraflow Scheduling. Within the OCSP there are two approaches that can be used: zone scheduling and flow scheduling. Problem of Contra Flow and Zone Scheduling Problem is basically an Emergence Evacuation Route Planning (EERP) issue. This research will discuss EERP with ContraFlow and Zone Scheduling which can guarantee the movement of people in disaster area to safe area in emergency situation.
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Gao, Yang, Da Wei Hu, Lai Jun Wang y Jing Shuai Yang. "An Entry Point Based Local Path Planning for Mobile Robot with Blind Zone". Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (agosto de 2013): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.197.
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Path planning for mobile robot with blind zone is a difficult and practical problem. To decrease the influence of blind zone. The path planning approach in this paper has introduced entry point to represent the free road which may guide the robot to find the gaps between obstacles. By estimating the entry point in blind zone and estimating the probability it exist there using uncented kalman filter, the historical sensor information is used. All entry points are then evaluated using a evaluate function. So that both the current sensor information and the historical sensor information are used. Compared with the traditional local path planning approaches, this approach avoid the trap problem and the hover problem came with the blind zone. Simulation has proved the effect.
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Gu, Yueqi, Orhun Aydin y Jacqueline Sosa. "Quantifying the Impact of a Tsunami on Data-Driven Earthquake Relief Zone Planning in Los Angeles County via Multivariate Spatial Optimization". Geosciences 11, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020099.
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Post-earthquake relief zone planning is a multidisciplinary optimization problem, which required delineating zones that seek to minimize the loss of life and property. In this study, we offer an end-to-end workflow to define relief zone suitability and equitable relief service zones for Los Angeles (LA) County. In particular, we address the impact of a tsunami in the study due to LA’s high spatial complexities in terms of clustering of population along the coastline, and a complicated inland fault system. We design data-driven earthquake relief zones with a wide variety of inputs, including geological features, population, and public safety. Data-driven zones were generated by solving the p-median problem with the Teitz–Bart algorithm without any a priori knowledge of optimal relief zones. We define the metrics to determine the optimal number of relief zones as a part of the proposed workflow. Finally, we measure the impacts of a tsunami in LA County by comparing data-driven relief zone maps for a case with a tsunami and a case without a tsunami. Our results show that the impact of the tsunami on the relief zones can extend up to 160 km inland from the study area.
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Bhandari, Phanindra Prasad y Shree Ram Khadka. "Maximum Flow Evacuation Planning Problem with Non-Conservation Flow Constraint". International Annals of Science 10, n.º 1 (4 de septiembre de 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.10.1.25-32.
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The optimization model of the maximum flow evacuation planning problem efficiently sends a maximum number of evacuees along with the routes of their transshipment from the disastrous zone, the source, to the safe zone, the sink, over a given time horizon. The limitation of the problem with the flow conservation constraint at the intermediate nodes is that even one more evacuee cannot be sent out from the source, if the evacuee cannot reach the sink. However, evacuators must attempt to send out as many evacuees as possible to safer places despite the sink. There may be relatively safe places in between the source and the sink. The limitation is due to the flow conservation constraint. In this paper, we remodel the problem with non-conservation flow constraint and propose an efficient algorithm. With this approach one can send as many evacuees as in the flow conservation case from the source to the sink. Moreover, a maximum number of evacuees can also be sent to the relatively safe places in between the source and the sink. The routes of their transshipment can also be identified.
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Bella, Salima, Assia Belbachir y Ghalem Belalem. "A hybrid air-sea cooperative approach combined with a swarm trajectory planning method". Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 11, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2020): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2020-0006.
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AbstractThis work addresses the issue of ocean monitoring and clean-up of polluted zones, as well as the notion of trajectory planning and fault tolerance for semi-autonomous unmanned vehicles. A hybrid approach for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is introduced to monitor the ocean region and cooperate with swarm of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to clean dirty zones. The paper proposes two solutions that apply to trajectory planning from the base of life to the dirty zone for swarm USVs. The first solution is performed by a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the second uses a modified Ant Algorithm (AA). The proposed solutions were both implemented in the simulation with different scenarios for the dirty zone. This approach detects and reduces the pollution level in ocean zones while taking into account the problem of fault tolerance related to unmanned cleaning vehicles.
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Obi Lawrence E. "Application of gravity model for trip analysis in transportation and traffic engineering for Owerri Metropolis Nigeria". Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0003.
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The myriads of problems militating against the transportation system precipitated the conception of this research work. The survey design and empirical approaches were combined in the pursuance of this work. This work focused on the application of the gravity method in the trip analysis in Owerri metropolis. The research was able to estimate the number of trip interchanges among the various zones of the metropolis. The travel time from one zone to another zone within the study area was established. From this research, it was established that it would take 25 minutes and 50 minutes to travel from zone 5 to zone 2 and from zone 4 to zone 1 respectively. The number of trips from zone 3 to zone 4 was estimated to be 1146 trips and the number of trips generated and produced was put at 4119 trips per day. This research will help to curb the problem of dearth of data and aid the proper planning and management of the transportation system by engineers and other stakeholders.
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Chen, Siya, Hongyan Zhang y Hangxing Yang. "Urban Functional Zone Recognition Integrating Multisource Geographic Data". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 23 (23 de noviembre de 2021): 4732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234732.
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As the basic spatial unit of urban planning and management, it is necessary to understand the real development trend of urban functional zones in time and carry out reasonable planning adjustment. Because of the complexity of urban functional zones, the automatic recognition of urban functional zones has become a significant scientific problem in urban research. Urban functional zones contain natural and socioeconomic characteristics, but the existing identification methods fail to comprehensively consider these features. This paper proposes a framework that integrates multisource geographic data to recognize urban functional zone. We used high-resolution remote sensing imagery, point-of-interest (POI) data and high-spatial-resolution nighttime light imagery to extract both natural and socioeconomic features for urban functional zone accurate interpretation. Various features provide more accurate and comprehensive description for complex urban functional zone, so as to improve the recognition accuracy of urban functional zone. At present, there are few studies on urban functional zone recognition based on the combination of high-resolution remote sensing image, POI and high-resolution nighttime light imagery. The application potential of the combination of these three geographical data sources in urban function zone recognition needs to be explored. The experimental results show that the accuracy of urban functional zone recognition was obviously improved by the three data sources combination, the overall accuracy reached 80.30% and a comprehensive evaluation index reached 68.26%. This illustrate that the combination of the three data sources is beneficial to the urban functional zone recognition.
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Fotheringham, A. Stewart, Paul J. Densham y Andrew Curtis. "The Zone Definition Problem in Location-Allocation Modeling". Geographical Analysis 27, n.º 1 (3 de septiembre de 2010): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00336.x.
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Zhang, Xionghui. "Planning of the New Trade Zone and its Perspective on the Ecological Economy: Case Study Fujian". Open House International 42, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0008.
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The economy of Fujian has caused tremendous development momentum and increased the economic exchanges between Taiwan and the mainland since the establishment of the free trade area of Fujian province. However, the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development should be considered on the basis of solving the problem of building trade zones. Performing regional trade zone planning from the ecological and economic perspectives is difficult, not only should the ecological and economic perspectives meet and emphasize the ecological and economical levels of interaction, but also achieve the optimization of eco-economic development potential of the free trade zone. In view of the above problems, according to the economy and resource allocation base of the new trade zone in Fujian Province, the space planning strategy development was carried out in this paper. In the overall layout of the new trade zone, the chain service area, the high-end service area, and the city near the port are taken as a major planning axis. North and South regions are gathering areas of shipping, logistics and new industries, developing on three partitions of function, improvement and advance around Haijing Road. The landscape is divided into Cai Jianwei mountain and Jing Kouyan mountain as the basis, and the third South China Sea Road and Haixin road form six corridors between mountain and sea. With the foundation of international cruise port development planning, the ease of east harbors should be promoted to north, and the development rhythm od airport planning areas should be strictly controlled, which can prepare for the later spatial release of the relocation of the airport from city planning areas. The main line of the important traffic node is reserved to improve the stock space, and the industrial neighborhood area near the central fishing port of Fujian and Taiwan is reserved, which can provide the regional space preparation for the planning of the new trade zone.
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Konovalov, Alexey, Galina Baturova, Tatyana Gavrilenko y Olga Grigorenko. "Integrated ecosystems management of the coastal zones in the Artic zone of the Russian Federation: problems and solutions". E3S Web of Conferences 120 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912003001.
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The article is devoted to development, implementation and information support of integrated approach to ecosystem management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the context of global climate change. According to the adopted strategic planning documents for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, integrated ecosystems management of the coastal zones is an issue that must be dealt with expeditiously. Solution of this problem is an urgent task in the state policy of the Russian Federation. The article presents the methodology for development, implementation and information support of integrated approach to ecosystem management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as well.
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Wang, Fei. "A New Algorithm of Flight Rerouting Path Planning in Severe Weather". Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (junio de 2012): 1895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1895.
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In order to solve the rerouting problem of air traffic management in severe weather areas, a rerouting path planning problem was researched. First, the convex polygon was used to design danger zone. Then, rerouting path planning model was established. After that, a new algorithm used to determine the initial reroute points was proposed. Finally, two examples of the rerouting problem caused by thunderstorms occurring in Southwest China were studied. Compared to the current existing method in real operation, by using this algorithm, the number of reroute points was effectively reduced, and the danger zone was avoided. Additionally, Compared to the geometric algorithm, by using this algorithm, the rerouting path length was reduced by 2.9% and 5% respectively. The results indicate that the algorithm proposed in this paper is effective and practical.
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Salzman, Oren, Brian Hou y Siddhartha Srinivasa. "Efficient Motion Planning for Problems Lacking Optimal Substructure". Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 27 (5 de junio de 2017): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v27i1.13855.
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We consider the motion-planning problem of planning a collision-free path of a robot in the presence of risk zones. The robot is allowed to travel in these zones but is penalized in a super-linear fashion for consecutive accumulative time spent there. We suggest a natural cost function that balances path length and risk-exposure time. Specifically, we consider the discrete setting where we are given a graph, or a roadmap, and we wish to compute the minimal-cost path under this cost function. Interestingly, paths defined using our cost function do not have an optimal substructure. Namely, subpaths of an optimal path are not necessarily optimal. Thus, the Bellman condition is not satisfied and standard graph-search algorithms such as Dijkstra cannot be used. We present a path-finding algorithm, which can be seen as a natural generalization of Dijkstra’s algorithm. Our algorithm runs in O ((n B · n) log(n B · n) + n B · m) time, where n and m are the number of vertices and edges of the graph, respectively, and n B is the number of intersections between edges and the boundary of the risk zone. We present simulations on robotic platforms demonstrating both the natural paths produced by our cost function and the computational efficiency of our algorithm.
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Piacentini, Chiara, Varvara Alimisis, Maria Fox y Derek Long. "Combining a Temporal Planner with an External Solver for the Power Balancing Problem in an Electricity Network". Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 23 (2 de junio de 2013): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v23i1.13593.
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The electricity network balancing problem consists of ensuring that the electricity demands of the consumers are met by the committed supply. Constraints are imposed on the different elements of the network, so that damage to the equipment is prevented when transformers are stepped up or down, or generation is increased. We consider this problem within zones, which are sub-networks constructed using carefully chosen decomposition principles. The automation of decision making in electricity networks is a step forward in their management which is necessary for coping with the increase in power system complexity that we expect in the near term. In this paper we explore the deployment of planning techniques to solve the zone-balancing problem. Embedding electricity networks in a domain description presents new challenges for planning. The key point is that the propagation of information requires complex updates to the state when an action is applied. We have developed a method in which the computation of the critical numeric quantities is performed calling an external power flow equation solver, demonstrating a clean interface between the planner and this domain-specific computation. This solver allows us to move the power flow computations outside of the planning process and update the values efficiently. We also examine a second important feature of this problem, which is the interaction between exogenous events and constraints over the entire plan trajectory within a zone.
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Ustinova, I. I., M. M. Dyomin y G. V. Aylikova. "REINTEGRATION OF THE CHORNOBYL NPP EXCLUSION ZONE ON THE BASIS OF THE DESIGN-PLANNING COMPLEX". Ukrainian Geographical Journal, n.º 4 (2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2020.04.011.
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The aim of the publication is to determine the prerequisites of and to elaborate on the foundations of the Exclusion Zone reintegration in order to address the issue of rational development of urban-planning documentation complex regarding the legitimacy of said territory exploitation. It is established that for the implementation of the «Radioactive waste management strategy» the production complex «Vector» is being constructed on the Exclusion Zone territory; a powerful park of renewable energy generation is being created to implement the «Chornobyl - a Territory of Change» strategy; a Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve was established to support and increase the barrier function of the zone; in order to promote the Safe Chornobyl brand-name, the tourist traffic is being increased and the conditions for the visitors are improving. In the absence of developed and approved city planning documentation, the listed above causes the problem of legitimacy and rationality of the exclusion zone territory use. The paper for the first time raises the question of the need to elaborate the concept of functional planning of the Chornobyl NPP exclusion zone territory and the development of the design-planning complex (urban planning documentation): from the territory.
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Muhajir, Muhajir y Muhammad Nur. "TATA KOTA PAREPARE PERIODE KOLONIAL BELANDA". JURNAL WALENNAE 17, n.º 1 (4 de julio de 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/wln.v17i1.372.
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The focus of this research is the port city of Parepare in the Dutch Colonial period. The problem posed is how the form of urban planning and the factors that influence the form of the city of Parepare in the Dutch Colonial period. The method used is the determination of the dimensions of Colonial buildings based on inscriptions, texts and interviews. Mapping of building layout and road network as well as analysis of building functions, urban space organizations, and analysis of the factors forming city spatial planning are also carried out. The results of the study indicate that the city planning of Parepare consists of three zones. The first zone is the core of the city occupied by the Dutch government as the center of government. The second zone is the Chinatown area, intended for economic activities. The third zone is for indigenous settlements. The shape of the city extends from north to south following the coastline. The road network in the city center has a grid pattern. The dominant factor affecting the shape of the city of Parepare is geopolitical and security factors, to maintain the conduciveness of the western coastal region of South Sulawesi.Fokus penelitian ini adalah Kota pelabuhan Parepare pada periode Kolonial Belanda. Permasalahan yang diajukan adalah bagaimana bentuk tata kota dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi bentuk tata kota Parepare pada periode Kolonial Belanda. Metode yang digunakan adalah penentuan dimensi bangunan Kolonial berdasarkan prasasti, naskah dan hasil wawancara. Pemetaan tata letak bangunan dan jaringan jalan serta analisis fungsi bangunan, organisasi ruang kota, dan analisis faktor pembentuk tata ruang kota juga dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kota Parepare terdiri dari tiga zona. Zona pertama merupakan inti kota ditempati oleh pemerintah Belanda sebagai pusat pemerintahan. Zona kedua adalah kawasan pecinan, diperuntukkan untuk kegiatan perekonomian. Zona ketiga diperuntukkan untuk pemukiman pribumi. Bentuk kota memanjang dari utara ke selatan mengikuti garis pantai. Jaringan jalan pada pusat kota berpola grid. Faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi bentuk kota Parepare adalah faktor geo-politik dan keamanan, untuk menjaga kondusifnya wilayah pesisir barat Sulawesi Selatan.
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Eko Aryanto, Daniel y Gagoek Hardiman. "Assessment of groundwater recharge potential zone using GIS approach in Purworejo regency, Central Java province, Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183112002.
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Floods and droughts in Purworejo regency are an indication of problems in groundwater management. The current development progress has led to land conversion which has an impact on the problem of water infiltration in Purworejo regency. This study aims to determine the distribution of groundwater recharge potential zones by using geographic information system as the basis for ground water management. The groundwater recharge potential zone is obtained by overlaying all the thematic maps that affect the groundwater infiltration. Each thematic map is weighted according to its effect on groundwater infiltration such as land-use - 25%, rainfall - 20%, litology - 20%, soil - 15%, slope - 10%, lineament - 5%, and river density - 5% to find groundwater recharge potential zones. The groundwater recharge potential zones thus obtained were divided into five categories, viz., very high, high, medium, low and very low zones. The results of this study may be useful for better groundwater planning and management.
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Deng, Yan, Guo Wei Yang, Xue Mei Cui y Shao Long Wu. "Application of Improved Back Propagation Neural Network in Mowing Robot’s Path Planning". Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (agosto de 2014): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.916.
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To address the problem of planning complete coverage paths for mowing robots that have the greatest coverage rates and the lowest repetitive rates, we proposed an improved back propagation neural network algorithm based on priority traversal thoughts for local path planning. The algorithm based on plowing global path planning. We adopted grid method to model the environment and used Matlab2010a to simulate for the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can make the mowing robot walk out of dead zone, the dead zone was composed of obstacle grid or the grid that had been cut around this area, and achieve the complete coverage path planning.
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Solarek, Katarzyna. "Consultations with the hares – problem of public participation in the spatial planning process at the Warsaw suburban zone". Challenges of Modern Technology 8, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2645.
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The inclusion of various stakeholders in the cities transformation process is currently one of the most important and the most difficult aspects of spatial planning. Planning practice, however, shows that there is much to be done to ensure that the participation is fair, just and useful for making optimal spatial decisions. The article draws attention to the fact that the organization of public participation process in planning procedures requires appropriate selection of participants and adequate methods. Inclusion of the local community in spatial planning, based only on the fulfillment of their demands, expressed in the comments to the draft documents, does not lead to rational solutions in spatial planning. Expectations of different parties to participation processes are often divergent. Particularly controversial is social participation in the planning of agricultural land conversion, changing the status of farmland from agricultural to residential, in the suburban zones. It is difficult to select participants and land owners are not interested in any proposals that would improve the spatial structure of the transformed areas (for example in the process of land consolidation and division). These problems will be presented on the example of public consultations conducted by the author in the planning procedures for the communes of Jabłonna and Wólka Mlądzka in Otwock, located in the agglomeration of Warsaw.
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Rusina, N., V. Lyulʹchyk, P. Bida, O. Kachanovsʹkyy, S. Bulakevych y O. Petrova. "Problems of installation water protective zones and coastal protective stripes". Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2021.03.06.
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The issue of establishing the boundaries of water protection and coastal stripes in Ukraine were examined in the article. The purpose of the study is to present the practical results of the formation the boundary delimiter of coastal protection stripes, based on scientific and methodological approaches to the development of land management projects for the establishment of coastal protection stripes and modern technologies in the area of geographic information system. Theoretical principles of establishing the boundaries of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes on water resources are analyzed. Regulatory basic documents on the subject of use in the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection stripes have been explored. It is noted that the size of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes can be set in accordance with the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, and according to the especial projects in land management. It is suggested the procedure for establishing coastal and water protective zones is based on determining the hydrographic characteristics of water sites and morphological parameters of coastal areas using remote sensing data and geoinformation system and includes six steps: 1. Determination of morphometric parameters of water sites. 2. Obtaining relief data and its application 3.Determining the steepness of the slopes. 4. Construction of catchment areas and determination of surface effluent directions. 5. Creation of a buffer zone around water sites (construction of a protective stripe and a water protective zone). 6. Combining layers of informative maps for the final definition of boundaries. The use of the methodology is presented on a specific example, namely the pond in the village Gremyache, Rivne region. Methodology will provide a technical background for establishing and decision-making on the size of water protective zones and coastal protection stripes around water objects. One more aspect of the problem, solved by the methodology proposed in the article, involves informative supporting of decisions in a sphere of controlling water fund lands at the regional level as part of the planning measures for sustainable regions development and protection of water objects. Keywords: water protective zone, coastal protection belt, land management project, Earth remote sensing data of the Earth and geographic information system data, boundaries of the water protective zone and coastal protective stripe
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Behjati, Mehran, Rosdiadee Nordin, Muhammad Aidiel Zulkifley y Nor Fadzilah Abdullah. "3D Global Path Planning Optimization for Cellular-Connected UAVs under Link Reliability Constraint". Sensors 22, n.º 22 (19 de noviembre de 2022): 8957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228957.
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This paper proposes an effective global path planning technique for cellular-connected UAVs to enhance the reliability of unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) flights operating beyond the visual line of sight (BVLOS). Cellular networks are considered one of the leading enabler technologies to provide a ubiquitous and reliable communication link for UAVs. First, this paper investigates a reliable aerial zone based on an extensive aerial drive test in a 4G network within a suburban environment. Then, the path planning problem for the cellular-connected UAVs is formulated under communication link reliability and power consumption constraints. To provide a realistic optimization solution, all constraints of the optimization problem are defined based on real-world scenarios; in addition, the presence of static obstacles and no-fly zones is considered in the path planning problem. Two powerful intelligent optimization algorithms, the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, are used to solve the defined optimization problem. Moreover, a combination of both algorithms, referred to as PSO-GA, is used to overcome the inherent shortcomings of the algorithms. The performances of the algorithms are compared under different scenarios in simulation environments. According to the statistical analysis of the aerial drive test, existing 4G base stations are able to provide reliable aerial coverage up to a radius of 500 m and a height of 85 m. The statistical analysis of the optimization results shows that PSO-GA is a more stable and effective algorithm to rapidly converge to a feasible solution for UAV path planning problems, with a far faster execution time compared with PSO and GA, about two times. To validate the performance of the proposed solution, the simulation results are compared with the real-world aerial drive test results. The results comparison proves the effectiveness of the proposed path planning method in suburban environments with 4G coverage. The proposed method can be extended by identifying the aerial link reliability of 5G networks to solve the UAV global path planning problem in the current 5G deployment.
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Fenetahun, Yeneayehu y Tihunie Fentahun. "Socio-economic profile of arid and semi-arid agropastoral region of Borana rangeland Southern, Ethiopia". MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 5, n.º 3 (3 de junio de 2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00183.
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Ethiopia is believed to have the largest livestock population in Africa. This livestock sector has been contributing considerable portion to the economy of the country and Borana zone is the major contributor for this. The main objectives of the study were to make basic information regarding natural features and socio-economic conditions of the zone that serve or stepping ground for planning policy making and research. This data is crucial for designing proper development plan for research activities and decision making. Specifically, the 2019 socio -economic profile was conducted to provide basic information for the 2020 national election purpose and for 2021 population and housing census as preliminary document regarding socio-economic condition of the zone. And also, this socio-economic profile is used to enhance tourism and economic development, identifying under used services (or opportunities for shared services, forecasting problem areas, developing local community profiles and better land use planning. In organizing this document, the serious problems were the absence of reliable data and up to date data and information. The document being the first of its kind gives a general clue about the zone and accordingly could be used as a bench mark for further study about the zone.
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Rofe, M. W. "Gentrification within Australia's 'Problem City': Inner Newcastle as a Zone of Residential Transition". Australian Geographical Studies 38, n.º 1 (marzo de 2000): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00100.
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Luberta, Sendi Khoirul Irham. "Indonesian Regional Water Utility Company Optimum Pipe Route Planning Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Cost Path Analysis (Case Study: Zone 1 to Zone 3 PDAM Service)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1127, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1127/1/012044.
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Abstract Zone 3 Indonesian Regional Water Utility Company (PDAM) Surya Sembada Surabaya which including Semampir District, Kenjeran District, Simokerto District, and surroundings has lowest water pressure and water discharge compared to the other zones. This problem makes some areas in zone 3 lack of water. To minimize this problem, the company makes a plan to provide more water in zone 3 by installing a new distribution pipe. This paper purposes to make the most optimum pipe route using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method and Cost Path Analysis based on some criterion, which are slope, aspect, land-use, road network, river network, flood-prone area and soil types. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to get the weight of criterion and sub-criterion based on expert opinions. While cost path analysis is processed to load the most optimum pipe route based on the weight of all criterion. Based on AHP processing, the most important criterion is road network which has 44% influence. It is followed by land-use which has 22% influence. The other criterion have 4% - 10% influence in determining the most optimum pipe route. The processing of cost path analysis uses some end-points to get some pipe route options. The result shows some parts of pipe routes intersect with the settlement and do not parallel with road network. Because of those reasons, the pipe routes require to be modified.
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Chen, C.-L. y C.-J. Lin. "Motion planning of redundant robot manipulators using constrained optimization: A parallel approach". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 212, n.º 4 (1 de junio de 1998): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651981539460.
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A redundant manipulator can achieve a principal task and additional tasks by utilizing the degrees of redundancy. In the present paper, the redundancy resolution problem is formulated as a local equality constrained optimization problem. A motion planning solution corresponding to a design objective is then obtained using a new approach, called the perturbation method. In contrast to conventional approaches, the inverse of the Jacobian matrix is not required in the method proposed. Tracking errors can be bounded by a permissible zone, which is a function of normal tracking error and a safety factor. Positioning of the end effector within the permissible zone is satisfactory for the completion of any given step and signals the beginning of the next step. The position angle change of each joint is also bounded in each sampling interval as a function of robot maximum speed. Computer simulations written in the parallel processing language occam and computed on a transputer-based computation network are used to study the behaviour of the method proposed. Results validate the approach.
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Zhang, Huan, Rennong Yang, Changyue Sun y Haiyan Han. "Research on Multiaircraft Cooperative Suppression Interference Array Based on an Improved Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9843735.
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For the problem of multiaircraft cooperative suppression interference array (MACSIA) against the enemy air defense radar network in electronic warfare mission planning, firstly, the concept of route planning security zone is proposed and the solution to get the minimum width of security zone based on mathematical morphology is put forward. Secondly, the minimum width of security zone and the sum of the distance between each jamming aircraft and the center of radar network are regarded as objective function, and the multiobjective optimization model of MACSIA is built, and then an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. The decomposition mechanism is adopted and the proportional distribution is used to maintain diversity of the new found nondominated solutions. Finally, the Pareto optimal solutions are analyzed by simulation, and the optimal MACSIA schemes of each jamming aircraft suppression against the enemy air defense radar network are obtained and verify that the built multiobjective optimization model is corrected. It also shows that the improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the problem of MACSIA is feasible and effective.
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Hong, Ren, Zhang Zhengtong, Ma Xianrui y Tang Xilai. "Land Use-Slow Traffic and Demand Forecasting". Open House International 42, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0027.
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In the face of solving the urban traffic congestion problem radically, emphasis has been laid on the research on slow traffic planning of urban built environment. Hence, research on slow traffic demand forecasting can provide a basis for the planning of urban slow traffic systems. Based on land use, the overall planning of the new Guangming (GM) district, and the population prediction results, the slow traffic demand within the scope of the new district was forecasted by combining the per capita trip frequency, and the spatial distribution of the slow traffic flow of the new GM district was forecasted per the forecasted demand quantity for slow traffic. The following research conclusions were obtained. Within the new GM district, the correlation of the total demand for slow traffic with the land use functions and population distribution was high, and the cross-zone traffic was mainly decided by the land usage of this district. The cross-unit slow traffic flow was concentrated in the Gongming central, Guangming central, high-tech zone, and Yutian zones. This research provides a guideline for the layout of slow traffic facilities in the future.
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Li, Zong Feng, Chun Lin Guo, Jun Chen, Zhe Ci Tang, Wen Chen, Ya Ling Wang, Xiang Zhen Li y Qing Hai Ou. "A Two-Step Method of Optimal Planning for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Location". Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (junio de 2014): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1338.
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As a promising transport in the future, electric vehicles plays an important role in people's lives and energy conservation. Planning of electric vehicle charging stations has a far-reaching significance for the popularity of electric vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the siting problem of electric vehicle charging station and propose a two-step method of optimization method. Firstly, we establish a charging station location model, then use Voronoi diagram to determine the preliminary zone, finally we get this problem optimally solved by immune algorithm.The example verifies feasibility of this model.
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Zhang, Wenlei, Mingxu Ma, Haiyan Li, Jiapeng Yu y Zhenwei Zhang. "An interference discrimination method for assembly sequence planning and assembly simulation". Assembly Automation 40, n.º 4 (23 de marzo de 2020): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-04-2019-0080.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discriminate fake interference caused by polygonal approximation so as to achieve accurate assembly sequence planning and assembly simulation. Design/methodology/approach An approximation zone model is proposed to formulate polygonal approximation. Fake interference is discriminated from hard interference by evaluating if polygonal models intersect within corresponding approximation zones. To reduce the computation, the surface-surface, surface-end face and end face-end face intersection test methods have been developed to evaluate the intersection and obtain collision data. An updated collision detection algorithm with this method is presented, which is implemented by a system named AutoAssem. Findings This method has been applied to a set of products such as a valve for assembly interference matrix generation, static and dynamic collision detection. The results show that it ensures the accuracy of assembly sequence planning and assembly simulation for polygonal models. Practical implications This method facilitates assembly design in the virtual environment with polygonal models. It can also be applied to computer aided design systems to achieve quick and accurate collision detection. Originality/value Fake interference between polygonal models may result in serious errors in assembly sequence planning and assembly simulation. Assembly zone model and novel polygon intersection verification methods have been proposed to effectively tackle this problem. Compared to current methods, this method considers valid penetration direction and approximation difference, does not need to process complicated auxiliary data and can be easily integrated with current collision detection methods.
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Khairo, Fatria. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASHLESS ZONE AS A STRATEGY TO PREVENT CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA". Asia Pacific Fraud Journal 2, n.º 1 (2 de junio de 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21532/apfj.001.17.02.01.009.
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There are many ways to solve the problem of corruption in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the corruption prevention strategy by implementing Cashless Zone culture as one of the alternatives to prevent corruption in Indonesia, in addition to enforcing control functions over budget planning and its execution, establishing honesty, and building leadership role-model.
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Gao, Chun Yang y Zhen Yu Zhao. "A New Multiple UAVs Cooperative Search Model Building and Route Planning Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (diciembre de 2014): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.160.
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In multiple UAVs cooperative search tasks, the traditional environment model was based on squares, which caused the problem of different cost in each UAV’s single step. Therefore, we divide the battlefield by regular hexagons to make the UAVs’ steps more coordinate. At the same time, the cell’s encoding method was improved, which can greatly reduce the computing complexity of the coordinates. Route planning is an important part in cooperative search to decide where to go and how to search. By analyzing the method of route planning with several steps, Model Predictive Control (MPC) was proved to be an easy and effective method. However it became a complex probem to selecte a best route from so big amount of planning routes. Then the method of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimal (DPSO) was proposed to solve this problem. In order to evaluate the value of the route, an evaluate function was designed, containing the reward function of the route, the repulsion function of the no-fly zone and the force function of other UAVs. The reward function was designed based on the targets’ existence probabilities and the areas’ information uncertainty values. Then the no-fly zone was designed based on the artificial potential field method. However, due to each UAV can fly in different height, that is, collision would not happen, so the force function of other UAVs didn’t need concerned. In the end, a simulation experiment with some static targets and a no-fly zone was carried out, in which, a greed method was put forward to be a comparison to MPC. The results showed that the methodology proposed can ensure that the UAVs detected the targets safely and covered as more area as possible.
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Kaczmarek, I., A. Iwaniak, A. Świetlicka, M. Piwowarczyk y F. Harvey. "SPATIAL PLANNING TEXT INFORMATION PROCESSING WITH USE OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VI-4/W2-2020 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-4-w2-2020-95-2020.
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Abstract. Spatial development plans provide an important information on future land development capabilities. Unfortunately, at the moment access to planning information in Poland is limited. Despite many initiatives taken to standardize planning documents, the standard for recording plans has not yet been developed. Each of the planning areas has a symbol and a category of land use, which is different in each of the plans. For this reason, it is very difficult to carry out an analysis enabling aggregation of all areas with a specific, the same development function.The authors in the article conduct experiments aimed at using machine learning methods for the needs of processing the text part of plans and their classification. The main aim was to find the best method for grouping texts of zones with the same land use. The experiment consists in an attempt to automatically classify the texts of findings for individual areas into the 10 defined categories of land use. Thanks to this, it is possible to predict the future land use function for a specific zone text regulation and aggregate all zones with specific land use type.In the proposed solution for the classification problem of heterogeneous planning information authors used k-means algorithm and artificial neural networks. The main challenge for this solution, however, was not the design of the classification tool but rather the preprocessing of the text. In this paper an approach for text preprocessing as well as selected methods of text classification is presented. The results of the work indicate greater use of CNN's usability to solve the problem presented. K-means clustering produces clusters, in which texts are not grouped according to land use function, which is not useful in the context of zones aggregation.
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Vogiatzis, Chrysafis, Ruriko Yoshida, Ines Aviles-Spadoni, Shigeki Imamoto y Panos M. Pardalos. "Livestock Evacuation Planning for Natural and Man-made Emergencies". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 31, n.º 1 (marzo de 2013): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701303100103.
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On March 11, 2011, Japan was struck by the Great East Japan earthquake followed by a 23-foot tsunami, which crippled the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Because of a lack of plans for livestock evacuation in the case of a nuclear power plant accident, local farmers in the Fukushima exclusion zone had significant losses. Development of a rigorous and mathematical formulation of an evacuation plan for livestock in a case of disasters is essential for producers to lessen the financial and emotional impacts. Thus, we propose two mathematical models for evacuation plan for livestock in the area around a nuclear power plant using integer programming over networks. Since solving an evacuation problem on a time dynamic network is NP-hard, we propose algorithms to estimate an optimal solution for our problem. The methods and models discussed herein apply not only to nuclear plant related disasters, but also to a variety of other emergencies.
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Kong, Jun, Chen Cheng y Cheng Ji Shen. "Study on the Role of Sediment Dike in the Port Construction near Silt Coast". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (octubre de 2012): 2298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2298.
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With the rapid development of social economy, silt coast exploitation becomes the main approach to make up the imbalance of harbor resources in China, although the inherent problem of sedimentation has not been fully addressed. Due to the special geomorphology and complex sediment transport near silt coastal zone, the sediment dike, as a traditional construction, plays an important role in maintaining port operation and decreasing the siltation. In present paper, using the Guang-Ao harbor district planning project in the south coast of China, different dike arrangement schemes have been compared based on numerical simulations. The sediment transport characteristics and the latent erosion and siltation trend under these schemes have been discussed. Results show the importance and necessity of a proper design of dike near silt coastal zone, which can guide the sand transport path and reduce the possibility of sand intrusion in harbor zone. Present research provides a reference for other engineers to design and optimize the harbor design, especially in zones with high concentration of suspended sediment.
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Hu, Yifan, Peng Xun, Wenjie Kang, Peidong Zhu, Yinqiao Xiong y Weiheng Shi. "Power System Zone Partitioning Based on Transmission Congestion Identification Using an Improved Spectral Clustering Algorithm". Electronics 10, n.º 17 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172126.
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The ever-expanding power system is developed into an interconnected pattern of power grids. Zone partitioning is an essential technique for the operation and management of such an interconnected power system. Owing to the transmission capacity limitation, transmission congestion may occur with a regional influence on power system. If transmission congestion is considered when the system is decomposed into several regions, the power consumption structure can be optimized and power system planning can be more reasonable. At the same time, power resources can be properly allocated and system safety can be improved. In this paper, we propose a power system zone partitioning method where the potential congested branches are identified and the spectral clustering algorithm is improved. We transform the zone partitioning problem into a graph segmentation problem by constructing an undirected weighted graph of power system where the similarities between buses are measured by the power transfer distribution factor (PTDF) corresponding to the potential congested branches. Zone partitioning results show that the locational marginal price (LMP) in the same zone is similar, which can represent regional price signals and provide regional auxiliary decisions.
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Ahmad, Munir. "Agricultural Productivity Growth Differential in Punjab, Pakistan: A District-level Analysis". Pakistan Development Review 40, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2001): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i1pp.1-25.
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The results of this paper show that the crop output increased at the rate of 2.6 percent per annum, dominated by the share of TFP growth. Wide variation exists among cropping systems as well as within the system both in TFP growth and output growth. The mungbean zone emerged as a leader in TFP growth with 3.6 percent per annum, followed by barani (3.2 percent), cotton (1.9 percent), mixed (1.1 percent), and rice (1.0 percent) zones. Rice, mixed, and cotton zones show a negative trend in efficiency, and the respective causes appear to be the dominant factor of land degradation sourced by the existence of nutrient-exhaustive cropping pattern, increasing problem of waterlogging and salinity, and the use of brackish underground water, plus the prevalence of curl leaf virus disease in the cotton zone during the 1990s. The other reasons could be the low literacy rate among the farmers in most of the districts of the latter two cropping systems. Besides, the majority of them are also characterised as having very low status in development ranking. The data also show that the area under rice and sugarcane, a highly water-intensive crop, had increased in most of the districts of mixed and cotton zones, during the 1990s instrumented by high instability in cotton output growth as compared to rice and sugarcane. The sources of instability include high volatility in prices, vulnerability of the crop to disease and insect attack, consistently rising production cost, incapacity of the farming communities to deal with the dynamism of technology in cotton production, and increasing waterlogging and salinity problem.
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Zheng, Xuejun, Shaorong Wang, Zia Ullah, Mengmeng Xiao, Chang Ye y Zhangping Lei. "A Novel Optimization Method for a Multi-Year Planning Scheme of an Active Distribution Network in a Large Planning Zone". Energies 14, n.º 12 (10 de junio de 2021): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123450.
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Electric power distribution networks plays a significant role in providing continuous electrical energy to different categories of customers. In the context of the present advancements, future load expansion in the active distribution networks (ADNs) poses the key challenge of planning to be derived as a multi-stage optimization task, including the optimal expansion planning scheme optimization (EPSO). The planning scheme optimization is a multi-attribute decision-making issue with high complexity and solving difficulty, especially when it involves a large-scale planning zone. This paper proposes a novel approach of a multi-year planning scheme for the effective solution of the EPSO problem in large planning zones. The proposed approach comprises three key parts, where the first part covers two essential aspects, i.e., (i) suggesting a project condition set that considers the elements directly related to a group of specific conditions and requirements (collectively referred to as conditions) to ADN planning projects; and (ii) Developing a condition scoring system to evaluate planning projects. The second part of our proposed scheme is a quantization method of correlativity among projects based on two new concepts: contribution index (CI) and dependence index (DI). Finally, considering the multi-year rolling optimization, a detailed mathematical model of condition evaluation and spatiotemporal optimization sequencing of ADN planning projects is developed, where the evaluation and optimization are updated annually. The proposed model has been successfully validated on a practical distribution network located in Xiantao, China. The investigated case study and comparisons verify the various advantages, suitability, and effectiveness of the proposed planning scheme, consequently saving more than 10% of the investment compared with the existing implemented scheme.
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Singh, Kanchan y M. P. Singh. "Causes and remedial measures for rockfall and landslides in Naini lake basin: Uttarakhand, India". Environment Conservation Journal 21, n.º 1&2 (10 de junio de 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2020.211211.
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The history of Naini Lake Basin reveals that this beautiful scenic natural surrounding has been a victim of landslides, mass erosion, rock-fall and slumping. Its location in highest rainfall zone, weak lithology and topography are the obvious reasons for these activities. Moreover the rising anthropogenic interferences like construction activities and deforestation on this geo-dynamically unstable zone has added more to the problem. The manuscript accounts of incidences of landslide and erosion activities, their causes and effects afterwards. An effort to stratify and to mark the comparatively lesser stable zones and patches in and around the lake basin has been made to demarcate the risk prone belt. Adequate measures for environmental planning and proper implementation of such plans are the utmost need of the hour to safeguard not only the beautiful basin but also the olives and property of population living under the continuous threat of disaster.
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Tian, Muyin y Zuojun Shen. "Air-breathing hypersonic vehicle trajectory optimization with uncertain no-fly zones". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, n.º 7 (julio de 2022): 168781322211112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221111208.
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The air-breathing hypersonic planes are considered to be the future of commercial airlines, which can fly from NYC to London in under an hour. For air-breathing vehicles, 3D trajectory planning will become extremely important due to its significant impact on flight performance. Past research on this issue was not comprehensive enough. Thus, we proposed a hybrid method for generating the optimal trajectories efficiently. No-fly zones are specified for geopolitical restrictions in air-breathing hypersonic vehicle missions. However, previous studies focused on no-fly zone constraints with fixed locations and boundaries. For robust execution, we must take into account no-fly zones’ uncertainties, which arise due to uncertain localization, measurement errors, and no-fly zones’ movement. A chance-constrained approach is presented here to deal with such uncertainties. The key idea of this method is controlling risk when the flight path is close to the uncertain no-fly zones. First, the trajectory planning of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is modeled as a chance-constrained optimization (CCOPT) problem. With the help of the convexification and linearization techniques, we can approximate the non 3.2.2 CCOPT problem as a convex second-order cone programing under the Gaussian distribution assumption. It can be solved to global optimality by the interior point method. Finally, we give numerical simulation results to prove the effectiveness of this method.
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Lotfi, Hossein. "A Multiobjective Evolutionary Approach for Solving the Multi-Area Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Problem Considering Reliability Concerns". Sustainability 15, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2022): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010442.
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Economic dispatch (ED) problems, especially in multi-area power networks, have been challenging concerns for power system operators for several decades. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for solving the multiobjective multi-area dynamic ED (MADED) problem in the presence of practical constraints such as valve-point effect (VPE), prohibited operating zone (POZ), multi-fuel operation (MFO), and ramp rate (RR) limitations. Different objective functions including energy not supplied (ENS), generation costs, and emissions are investigated. The reliability objective, which has been less studied in economic dispatch area, distinguishes the proposed study from other studies. A compromise has been made from economic and reliability points of view. The MADED problem in the power system is inherently a complex and nonlinear problem, considering the operational constraint increments and the intricacy of the problem. Hence, the modified grasshopper optimization (MGO) algorithm based on a chaos mechanism is presented to prevent being trapped in local optima. The proposed method is tested on two systems including a 10 unit, 3-zone test system and a 40-unit 3-zone test system, and then, the outcomes are compared with those of other evolutionary techniques such as gray wolf optimization (GWO) and modified honey bee mating optimization (MHBMO). The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested strategy is successful in resolving both single-objective and multiobjective MADED problems.
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Zhang, Ming y Nishant Kukadia. "Metrics of Urban Form and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1902, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190200109.
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There is growing interest in incorporating urban form indicators into transportation planning and travel analysis. These indicators typically are measured at a certain level of spatial aggregation (e.g., traffic analysis zone) and therefore are subject to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) known primarily in the statistical and geographic literature but generally overlooked by transportation researchers. The presence of the MAUP can cause serious inconsistency in analytical results and consequently misinform policy making. This study diagnoses the MAUP in measuring urban form through empirical modeling of travel mode choice in the Boston, Massachusetts, region. Using data aggregated in grids with five cell sizes and at the transportation analysis zone, the census block group, and the block level, the study explores the sensitivity of coefficient estimates for population density, network pattern, and land use balance to data aggregation in predicting mode choice decisions. Having confirmed the presence of the MAUP, the study discusses three approaches for dealing with it. Using a grid with a cell size of 1/2 mi appears to be the most desirable method of data aggregation among the eight methods studied. The suggested improvements in methodology will help advance the inquiry on the link between urban form and travel.
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Giyasov, Adham I. "Lightplanograph Simulating Insolation Of Buildings and Developments Of The Arctic Zone Of Russia". Light & Engineering, n.º 01-2021 (febrero de 2021): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-054.
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The article is devoted to the actual problem of assessing the insolation of modern architectural construction and urban development objects, especially, the development of the “tablet type lightplanograph” insolation device. The device is intended for wide application in the Arctic zone during solving of problems relied on assessing the insolation and light conditions of buildings and urban areas and allows for light-climate certification for other geographical latitudes. It is difficult to assess and analyse the insolation of a number of urban development sites using existing design methods and tools. To solve these problems, it is preferable to use an insolation device “tablet type lightplanograph”, which is based on the method of modelling graphically the conditions of insolation in a clear sky on a horizontal plane. This method makes it possible to comprehensively assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of insolation, illumination, and UV radiation. The aim of the research was to develop theoretical and methodological provisions for the development of a lightplanograph and to issue recommendations for its use in architectural – construction and urban planning design.
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Curtis, Andrew J. y Alan D. MacPherson. "The Zone Definition Problem in Survey Research: An Empirical Example from New York State∗". Professional Geographer 48, n.º 3 (agosto de 1996): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1996.00310.x.
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Dhungana, Ram Chandra y Tanka Nath Dhamala. "Flow Improvement in Evacuation Planning with Budget Constrained Switching Costs". International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2020 (1 de junio de 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1605806.
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Many large-scale natural and human-created disasters have drawn the attention of researchers towards the solutions of evacuation planning problems and their applications. The main focus of these solution strategies is to protect the life, property, and their surroundings during the disasters. With limited resources, it is not an easy task to develop a universally accepted model to handle such issues. Among them, the budget-constrained network flow improvement approach plays significant role to evacuate the maximum number of people within the given time horizon. In this paper, we consider an evacuation planning problem that aims to shift a maximum number of evacuees from a danger area to a safe zone in limited time under the budget constraints for network modification. Different flow improvement strategies with respect to fixed switching cost will be investigated, namely, integral, rational, and either to increase the full capacity of an arc or not at all. A solution technique on static network is extended to the dynamic one. Moreover, we introduce the static and dynamic maximum flow problems with lane reversal strategy and also propose efficient algorithms for their solutions. Here, the contraflow approach reverses the direction of arcs with respect to the lane reversal costs to increase the flow value. As an implementation of an evacuation plan may demand a large cost, the solutions proposed here with budget constrained problems play important role in practice.
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Wicaksono, Arief, Shandra S. Pertiwi, Ade Febri Sandhini P y Prima Widayani. "Water Catchment Zone Mapping for Watershed Management in Gesing Sub-Watershed, Purworejo". Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 3, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2019): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v3i2.1163.
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Water is a very important resource involved in almost all life processes on earth, especially for human life. The rapid growth of water consumption with a decrease in the quantity and quality of water sources certainly creates problems of water scarcity or even flooding, which already occurs in some areas of Indonesia. In the last decades, some areas in Purworejo District, Indonesia have experienced floods, landslides, and droughts. This condition indicates that there has been a water quantity problem in the watershed in Purworejo. This study tends to focus on water resource management in terms of management planning. The purpose of this research is to create a water catchment zone map with the integration of remote sensing methods and geographic information systems. Identification of potential water catchment considers several parameters, such as soil permeability, rainfall, soil surface type, slope, and groundwater level. The results map consists of five classes of water catchment zone in the Gesing Sub-watershed. The higher classes were found in the upper watershed and the center of the watershed, especially in the valley section of the river. The lower classes, such as in the center of the watershed were considered as suitable areas to protect the water quality. With the mapping of water catchment zone, it is expected that the government can make appropriate policies related to water resources management of each sub-watershed so that in the end the water supply problem-especially in terms of quantity-can be managed and controlled effectively.
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Fu, Wenxue, Xinwu Li, Meng Wang y Lei Liang. "Delineation of Radar Glacier Zones in the Antarctic Peninsula Using Polarimetric SAR". Water 12, n.º 9 (18 de septiembre de 2020): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092620.
Texto completoResumen
Climate change is a cause of the expansion of snowmelt phenomena in the Antarctic, and shifts in position of wet and dry snow lines have been considered as good indicators of climate changes. The impacts of climate change are observable by the delineation of significant position change of glacier zones. The principal limitation of current glacier zone classification methods by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is that it is difficult to discriminate dry-snow and wet-snow zones using only single-polarimetric radar backscattering intensity. This study tried to solve the problem using polarimetric SAR (PolSAR). Analysis indicates that polarimetric decomposition elements could be efficient characteristics to delineate radar glacier zones by recognition of principal backscatter patterns. Further, two radar glacier zone classification processes for polarimetric SAR are proposed: a supervised support vector machine (SVM) classification process and a simple decision-tree classification method. These methods enable reliable delineation of radar glacier zones in the Antarctic Peninsula. Polarimetric SAR, which provides more information about the scattering processes and target structure, proves to be an efficient tool for delineating radar glacier zones and snowmelt detection.