Tesis sobre el tema "ZIKV d'Afrique de l'Ouest"
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Machmouchi, Dana. "Exploring the Pathogenic Mechanisms of West African Zika Virus : viral Replication and Host Interaction". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/24_14_D_MACHMOUCHI.pdf.
Texto completoThe Zika virus (ZIKV), historically confined to Africa and Asia, has become a significant global health concern, especially after recent outbreaks in the Americas linked to severe congenital malformations and neurological disorders. While much research has focused on the Asian/American ZIKV genotype, evidence suggests that African ZIKV strains might also pose a serious threat to public health, particularly regarding fetal pathogenicity. This thesis aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of contemporary ZIKV strains from West Africa, focusing on nonstructural proteins involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and the host cell stress response.To achieve this, we generated an infectious molecular clone, GUINEA-18, from a ZIKV strain (ZIKV-15555) isolated in Guinea in 2018. This clone represents a contemporary African ZIKV strain. We compared it with the infectious molecular clone of the historical African ZIKV strain MR766, designated MR766MC. The replication properties of both viral clones were examined in VeroE6, A549, and HCM3 cells. GUINEA-18 exhibited a slower replication rate, reduced cytotoxicity, and a lower ability to activate the host’s innate immune system compared to MR766MC, suggesting different interactions with host cells.To dissect these differences, we created chimeric viruses by swapping nonstructural protein-coding regions between GUINEA-18 and MR766MC. Results highlighted the critical roles of NS1 to NS4B proteins in replication efficiency and pathogenicity, with NS4B being crucial for GUINEA-18’s replication properties. GUINEA-18 also developed an efficient mechanism to inhibit the assembly of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) in A549 cells, a defense mechanism typically triggered by viral infection. The ability of GUINEA-18 to block SG formation depended on the NS1 to NS4B proteins, underscoring their role in evading host defenses.Further investigation into the NS1 protein revealed seven amino acid substitutions in GUINEA-18 compared to MR766. Functional analyses showed that the contemporary NS1 protein (NS1CWA) is secreted more efficiently and has a different subcellular localization than NS1 from MR766 (NS1MR766). This altered behavior of NS1CWA significantly enhances viral replication and cytotoxicity while reducing the activation of innate immune responses in infected cells. A chimeric MR766 virus containing NS1CWA demonstrated these enhanced traits, emphasizing NS1’s role in the virulence of contemporary West African ZIKV strains.In conclusion, this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular determinants of replication and pathogenicity in contemporary West African ZIKV strains. The research underscores the crucial roles of NS1 to NS4B proteins, particularly NS1 and NS4B, in these processes. The findings raise questions about risks associated with circulating ZIKV strains in sub-Saharan Africa and highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and research to understand the public health implications. This work contributes valuable insights that could inform future strategies for managing and preventing ZIKV-associated diseases, especially in regions where the African lineage of the virus is prevalent
Sossouhounto, Denise. "Musées d'Afrique de l'Ouest : historique et perspectives". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010629.
Texto completoSossouhounto, Denise. "Musées d'Afrique de l'Ouest historique et perspectives /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601304t.
Texto completoPilouzoue, Tchalouw Bouwessodjolo. "La politique des investissements dans les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Lille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL20005.
Texto completoThe considerable number of their needs for developing an the variety of the aims they intend to complete, required of the newly independent west african countries, efforts of investments both great and steady. Planning the objectives they have to fulfil appeared to all of them as the means to insure the implementation of a coherent and efficient investment policy. However they did not have economic, financial and technological capacities required by such an important action. So, the call to foreign investment has become the leitmotiv of this policy, in all these countries. Therefore, they dictate measures of legal type as well as measures of financial and fiscal types, notably the investments code, to attract foreign capital. More than a quarter of a century later, the results of the numerous experiments, that have taken place in those countries, are rather disappointing : failure in the industrialisation strategies, constant decrease in the agricultural production, bankrupcy in the public sector has become general, indebtedness that is much over their economically acceptable levels and hardly bearable for society, degradation of the economic and social situation, increase of the
Pilouzoue, Tchalouw Bouwessodjolo. "La Politique des investissements dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608918v.
Texto completoMolez, Jean-François. "Paludisme et périnatalité en zone de savane arborée d'Afrique de l'ouest". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM203.
Texto completoSarr, Ndiawar. "Le thème de la solitude dans le roman anglophone d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120028.
Texto completoIn this study we try to show that the african fits harmoniously in the civilization of mankind. Loneliness which is generally perceived as a concept unknow to africa, appears, through the art of the novel, as an integral reality in the life of the individual. Our analysis can be divided into two parts. Africa of the past and this continually changing africa. The traditional society as a setting, with its insistence on uniformity and its quasi-denial of the individual, constitutes a major problem to the novelist who sets out to write a "realistic piece of work". We have therefore tried to see how the artist does manage to find the balance : through which devices does he happen to respect both the exigencies of his art (characterization) and those of the setting of his story. This is the reason why we have put a particular emphasis on the various techniques of character creation. In this context how can we talk of solitude ? how can a person be alone and why ? in the second part, "africa on the move", the context has changed. New forms of solitude appear with phenomena like the city, imported myths, social pressures etc. They are analysed through techniques used by the novelists. The theme of solitude is also dealt with in relation to the social vision of the novelist. What lessons are to be drawn from the failures of various characters ? is there incompatibility between the group and the individual ? here the functional aspect of african literature comes into consideration. Solidarity seems to be the main goal : recognition of the other within the group
Minery, Florence. "Approche géopolitique de la presse écrite francophone des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020081.
Texto completoRobert, Vincent. "La transmission du paludisme humain : la zone des savanes d'afrique de l'ouest". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066426.
Texto completoSarr, Ndiawar. "Le Thème de la solitude dans le roman anglophone d'Afrique de l'ouest". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609746s.
Texto completoBa-Sene, Marième. "La dépression du ventre : psychoses puerpérales des femmes migrantes d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA083649.
Texto completoNoël, Thomas. "Interactions entre microphysique et dynamique dans les lignes de grains d'Afrique de l'ouest". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600073.
Texto completoAgayi, Marc Kodjo. "L'engagement politique des chrétiens dans les pays francophones d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1990-2005)". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/AGAYI_Marc_Kodjo_2010.pdf.
Texto completoWhich politics in Africa and how to commit? The French speaking countries of Western Africa are searching a stable political system allowing them to develop men and society. Political stability and those developments are not yet guaranteed by the choice or the acceptance of democracy. Democracy has its place in African society, even though some criticize and others encourage it. Its enculturation needs the participation of every citizen, especially associations, groups and movements of the civil society. Religions and Christians, in particular, must play a decisive role in the current democratic system in Africa. Their numerical growth and dynamism need no longer to be proven in Africa. Christians must unite in associations, and act in politics by defending human and Christian social values. The Christians’ political commitment, by means of associations, can enrich the substance of politics intervening in their churches. It may also give them new consideration in society and politics, enabling them to influence authorities in their political-decision making
Noel, Thomas. "Interactions entre microphysique et dynamique dans les lignes de grains d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600073.
Texto completoThe rainfall variability due to squall lines directly affects West African populations. The African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) campaign was designed in order to get a better knowledge of this phenomenon and was therefore based on a large field experiment in 2006. In this context the radar RONSARD was deployed. Allowing us to retrieve wind fields and polarimetric classifications. The main interest of this study is to combine the use of observations, polarimetric classification from RONSARD and modeling using a microphysical retrieval model. This model was originally developped for the Europeans fronts, was adapted to tropical conditions, and squall line's intensity. The microphysical model allowed us to perform retrievals that are in agreement withe RONSARD observations. For a realistic restitution of convective and stratiform part of a squall line, we showes that at least two species of precipitating ice (graupel and snow) are necessary. We highlighted the competition between water vapor deposition on the precipating ice and condensation of water vapor into liquid clouds droplets in forming precipating ice, and the role of these in the formation of rain. The microphysical model has allowed us to identify important processes in the formation of precipitation, especially the condensation of water vapor into liquid clouds, melting, riming and the accretion of liquid cloud by rain. The use of a diagnostic micophysics and of a radiative transfer model enabled to link the ice content to the brightness temperatures, but also to establish a relationships between microphysicals processes, brightness temperatures and integrated water content
Chendjou, Kouatcho Nganso Jean-Joseph. "Les Bamileke de l'Ouest-Cameroun : pouvoirs, économie et société, 1850-1916 : la situation avant et après l'accentuation des influences européennes /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354165583.
Texto completoPouget, Rousseau Cécile. "Evolution des populations serviles dans les sociétés peules d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100052.
Texto completoTraditionally nomadic breeders, the Fulani have settled themselves in several countries by instituting political structures based on Islam. In this movement of installation, they have captured a servile population wich had to carry out especially agricultural works. Today, on places of these former theocratic states, former masters and former slaves live together. Our research characterized the emancipation of these populations of servile origin, especially conditions of their economic development, in the Fulani societies of Macina, Fouta Djalon and Adamawa. The expression of the social status of the former slaves indicates that the former slaves can no longer be considered as slaves but that they have not became Fulani. The current organization of the habitations, the economic activities of both populations and their relationships to share space show that to each societies corresponds a form of emancipation. In the Fouta Djalon, if the former masters still control land tenure and thus exert pressures on the former slaves, in reality the competition between each other expresses itself to the level of their economic success. In Adamawa, apart some exceptions, we can notice the demographic and economic marginalisation of the former slaves. In the Macina, the relationships between Fulani and Rimaïbe and their activities are complementary, both of these groups are submitted to the insecurity of the local production. The former masters oppose a certain ideological resistance to the emancipation of their slaves, especially by means of Islam and Fulani values. But, they can not hinder their economic development witch is more dued to the own dynamism of the populations of servile origin and to the economic, ecologic local conditions than dued to the relationships that the former captives maintain with the former masters
Mbangare, Mobe Milaiti. "La richesse pétrolière : une malédiction pour les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ? Une étude comparative". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18551.
Texto completoAkue, Adovi Segbeaya. "Finances publiques et politiques de protection de l'environnement dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest". Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3020.
Texto completoBurgin, Alice. "Images de l'Afrique et publics transnationaux : le cinéma d'Afrique de l'ouest dans le contexte francophone". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100052.
Texto completoFor over fifty years, Francophone West African (FWA) celluloid art cinema has remained reliant on international support from France, which, as a self-proclaimed champion of art cinema in the global arena, remains the FWA film industry's primary producer and consumer. At the same time, the various attempts to create a sustainable, domestic industry in the region continue to fail, and international interest in this cinema is on the wane, leading to the description of this industry as “an invisible cinema”. There remains only scant scholarship examining the complexities of the transnational industrial conditions in which this cinema is being produced and circulated, with even fewer studies committed to interrogating the effect of this French investment on the way this industry engages with its domestic market. This thesis has been designed to redress this gap in scholarship by taking into consideration all the levels on which this cinema participates in processes of transnational cultural exchange with France, examining the political, economic and ideological power relations that these processes engender. By considering how the FWA industry has been shaped by social, economic and cultural forces, connected not only to the region’s colonial history and present relationship with France, but also to emerging effects of contemporary global flows, this thesis uses critical transnationalism to address pertinent questions regarding the dynamics of this North/South partnership and its impact on the development of the FWA industry today
Abessolo, Ondoa Grégoire. "Réponse des plages sableuses d'Afrique de l'Ouest, golfe de Guinée, face au forçage multi-échelle". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30029.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a multi-scale investigation of the role of waves, sea level and human settlements to understand long-term coastal evolution of the 400-km long sandy Bight of Benin coast (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa). Coastal morphology and its ocean drivers are monitored using local shore-based video camera and regional satellite remote sensing. New video developpements show the potential of video camera in sensing daily beach profile, waves and sea level at the coast. The results reveal the dominant influence of waves on shoreline variability at the event (daily) and seasonal scales, whereas at the intraseasonal and interannual scales, the shoreline is dominantly modulated by sea level changes. Over longer periods (decades), anthropogenic influence, such as deep water harbours and the reduction of sediment river (such as Volta and Niger) discharge due to dams significantly alter sediment transport, creating several erosion zones. These observations over the long term are satisfactorily reproduced by the implemented shoreline model, specially in the vicinity of the harbors, and allows to estimate, for example, the amount of sediment nourishment necessary to limit erosion downstream of Lagos harbor. Beside their fundamental interest, these results put strong basis to improve regional coastal policies
Hricovová, Zuzana. "La comparaison des héritages coloniaux britanniques et français dans les systèmes politiques d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193689.
Texto completoNoumbissie-Tchouake, Maginot. "Mouvements d'oppositions et de répressions dans l'Ouest-Cameroun : 1922-1970". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010527.
Texto completoSymenouh, Kwassi J. "Le régime de la manutention en droit des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et en droit français". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32017.
Texto completoBefore the moving of a ship from one port to another, or at the end of maritime trip a certain number of operations must be realized toward the goods. The goods must be either loaded or discharged and must be kept till the coming of the owner for their with drawal. All these operations are done both in west africain ports and france mediteranean ports by companies named "lighterman". The organization of this activity is not the same in these countries. In france there are many companies for this operation, and all of them work freely. However in african ports some of them as french ports work freely at is the case of benin and togo. This situation confers to these african companies which have monopoly the situation of the "agent" of consignees" at the difference of french companies which can be according to the case, either the agent of the carrier or of the consignees. Nevertheless the realization of the stevedoring is the same in these countries. In spite of these good execution, goods may be damage so that the companies may be responsible of this fact. The conditions of being responsible are enumerated both by french texts and african texts. But the lighterman can elude to his liability with exemption cases granted by the text. That cases are the same in french law and african law. The companies may also elude to the entire liability in asking the limitation of liability. The sum of this limitation is different from one country to the others. But this limitation is not possible when the value of goods has been declared and when lighterman has commited a fault. Speaking about this fault, a recent french law of 1986 december replaces the usual fault "dol" by a new one "the inexcusable fault"
AMAN, ANGORA. "Analyse des changements d'echelle spatiale a partir de donnees satellitaires : cas des savanes d'afrique de l'ouest". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30031.
Texto completoFournier, Anne. "Phénologie, croissance et production végétales dans quelques savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest : variation selon un gradient climatique /". Paris : Ed. de l'ORSTOM, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355011938.
Texto completoGouanze-Miaffo, Gaston. "Approche anthropologique de l'éducation traditionnelle chez les Bamiléké de l'Ouest-Cameroun". Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H048.
Texto completoLorillard, Marie. "De la souffrance en milieu rural sénoufo (Afrique de l'Ouest)". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21425.
Texto completoThis work examines different practices and representations of suffering in Senufo society (West Africa). In songs and tales found in the popular oral literature, in informal or historic discourses, suffering appears as a marker of identity. The heterogeneity of these representations reflects differing positions of social actors in society
Berliner, David. ""Nous sommes les derniers bulonic": sur une impossible transmission dans une société d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Guinée-Conakry)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211423.
Texto completoFournier, Anne. "Phenologie, croissance et production vegetales dans quelques savanes d'afrique de l'ouest. Variation selon un gradient de secheresse". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066135.
Texto completoChendjou, Kouatcho Nganso Jean-Joseph. "Les Bamileke de l'Ouest Cameroun, pouvoirs, économie et société, 1850-1916 : la situation avant et après l'accentuation des influences européennes". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010616.
Texto completoDiedhiou, Abdala Gamby. "Champignons ectomycorhiziens des forêts tropicales d'Afrique de l'Ouest : étude de la compétitivité et analyse de la diversité génétique". Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0013.
Texto completoPaul-Delmas, Isabelle. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et évaluation de l'efficacité agronomique de phosphates bruts ou partiellement acidifiés provenant d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10405.
Texto completoSerpantié, Georges. "Persistance de la culture temporaire dans les savanes cotonnières d'Afrique de l'Ouest : étude de cas au Burkina Faso". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0026.
Texto completoAmram, Olivier. "Régionalisation du bilan hydrique à l'aide de mesures satellitaires pour l'étude du fonctionnement des écosystèmes d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30274.
Texto completoRodriguez, Padilla Victor. "L'impact de la fiscalité sur l'effort d'exploration-production de pétrole : le cas des pays producteurs d'Afrique de l'ouest". Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21004.
Texto completoOil taxation can be worked out in a perspective of confrontation or cooperation with foreing oil companies. However, a wellconstructed taxation system is a sine qua non condition either for incentive investissements or for carry out other projects of a stace oil policy. The accurate comparative analysis of oil taxation practiced by the oil producers countries of the wester coast of africa between 1974 since 1987 lends us to conclude that an unsatisfactory institutional framework -especially with regard to the taxation system- cannot be considered to be the main responsible factor either for the inadequacy of the efforts of exploration and production or for their inequality distribution among the countries in the region. This phenomeno is explained by a series of industrial factors out of which the ones determining the strategies of international companies have a predominant role
Traore, Abou Bakar. "Contribution à l'etude des investissements etrangers dans les pays d'afrique de l'ouest francophone : fiscalite comparee des modes d'investissement". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA111009.
Texto completoTraore, Abou-Bakar. "Contribution à l'étude des investissements étrangers dans les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone fiscalité comparée des modes d'investissement". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375952104.
Texto completoPaul, Isabelle. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et évaluation de l'efficacité agronomique de phosphates bruts ou partiellement acidifiés provenant d'Afrique de l'ouest". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617360z.
Texto completoGeneroso, Rémi. "Le rôle des transferts de fonds dans un contexte de variabilité climatique : le cas des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS036S.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyze the links between migration process and climate variability in West Africa and especially in those countries characterized by a Sahelian climate. Our estimations highlight the important role of remittances toward precipitation variability in West Africa. At the microeconomic level, we show that migrant remittances enhance households coping capacities to deal with the negative impact of drought on vulnerability to food insecurity. However, remittances are mostly spent to maintain consumption over time and our results show that they have non significant impacts on poverty when mesured by households productive assets. In a macroeconomic perspective, an increased dependency to remittances may be exerted if remittances are spent in basic consumer goods. They can encourage an increase in the demand exceeding the production capacity of the economy. In return, remittances have no or not enough spillover effects. Our results indicate that any positive shock on remittances leads to a small increase in agricultural value added, without significant impact on GDP. Thus, spillover effects of remittances are low in the short term. Remittances positive shocks lead in return to a rise in agricultural imports by in sahelian countries while a rainfall shock leads to an immediate decline in agricultural production
Sanon, Victor. "La liberté de presse dans les nouvelles démocraties d'Afrique de l'Ouest sahélienne : enjeux et limites (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)". Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30004.
Texto completoDilumbu-Bastide, Irène. "Conséquences démographiques du goitre à Glanlé : un village de l'ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire". Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40011.
Texto completoDegorce, Alice. ""Saluer la souffrance" : représentations des défunts et réseaux de relations dans les rites et les chants funéraires des Moose de l'Ouest (Burkina Faso)". Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5020.
Texto completoThis thesis is about funeral rites and songs of the Western moaaga area (Burkina Faso). Considered as belonging to the rog-n-miki field (literally: “what we found when we are born”, that is what is “traditional”) and often involving masks called sukoomse, these rituals take place in the contemporary context of the region, characterized by the cohabitation of several religions and by some migratory phenomena. The funerals are first considered according to the articulation between the substitutes of the dead, the way the living go through the mourning, and the ritual performances which are simultaneously sung. The part of the speech that is sung and the status of its performers are first analysed from a point of view that gives priority to the performance and the context of enunciation within the rite. Secondly the analysis of a corpus of extracts from three funeral wakes allows a semantic approach which complements the one regarding the context of enunciation in the rite. The reconstruction of the dead images in ancestors, and the way the living ones are linked together by particular nodes of relationships are central in the discourses of the singers, with speech being part of the ritual process because it participates in making this double work of reconstructing the dead image and reformulating the social relations
Mamy, Nina. "La condition des femmes originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest en France entre enfermement et émancipation : éléments de réflexions sociopolitique et juridique". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD004.
Texto completoNo abstract
Alpha, Barry Mamadou. "Demande de monnaie et optimalité de la politique monétaire de la banque centrale des États d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1990)". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010019.
Texto completoThe objective of this Ph. D. Dissertation is to determine, wether there exists a stable money demand function and, the impact of monetary policies of the central bank "bceao" on macroeconomic variables, namely, economic activity, price level, nets foreign assets, in order to define an optimal monetary policy of the central bank. To achieve this objective, an econometric investigation is made, using economic datas for the period 1960-1990. The dissertation is organised in two sections: section 1 reviews the theories of money demand and monetary policy and, section 2 is the empirical evidence of testing for equilibrium relationship between monetary aggregates and economic aggregates. The empirical results indicate : the validity of the quantity theory of money except for the ivory-coast and the benin, the non significance of the exchange rate. The interest rate plays a role, only, for Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast. The money demand is stable for Benin, Mali, Niger; instable for Senegal and, the results are mixte for Burkina, Ivory Coast and Togo. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth and, finally, the domestic credits have an negative effect on nets foreign assets which are more correlated to the external shocks (i. E. The price level of commodities)
Koné, Oumar. "Contribution à l'étude d'un droit du travail adapté à l'Afrique subsaharienne francophone à travers l'exemple des états d'Afrique de l'Ouest". Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10042.
Texto completoVirtually all countries in francophone sub-Saharan Africa are now engaged in a process of drafting a uniform act on the labor law in the context of the Organization for the Harmonization of African Business Law (OHADA). Given this historic occasion, it appeared appropriate to conduct an analysis on the positive rights of some States parties to the OHADA Treaty in order to suggest possible adjustments to be made. In this regard, the analysis revealed that positive rights of the countries surveyed suffer from a particularly great ineffectiveness due notably to resistance from some local customs and to the exclusion from their scope of the mass of workers in the informal economy. Thus arose the question of the relevance of standards vis-à-vis local realities to which they are supposed to apply. While needing to guard against falling into what might be called the myth of the adaptation of law to fact, we must admit that the issue is acute. The adaptation of African labor law could not, of course, confine itself to taking into account only the local situations. It also extends to consideration of the rules of contemporary globalization that must be humanized by universal principles and rights at work as defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO)
Louvet, Samuel. "MODULATIONS INTRASAISONNIÈRES DE LA MOUSSON D'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST ET IMPACTS SUR LES VECTEURS DU PALUDISME À NDIOP (SÉNÉGAL) : DIAGNOSTICS ET PRÉVISIBILITÉ". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333234.
Texto completoSpire, Amandine. "Les étrangers d'Afrique de l'Ouest à Lomé (Togo) : identification, (in)visibilité et citadinité. : réflexions au regard de la ville d'Accra (Ghana)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100112.
Texto completoThis thesis opens avenues of reflection on the interactions between cities and foreigners, in the West African context. It begins with a report: there are many international migrants in Lome and Accra who originate from within the ECOWAS zone of “free movement”, but they are not very visible in these cities – particularly since there are no ethnic enclaves. In spite of their lack of visibility, some West African foreign groups are paradoxically stigmatized by the host populations in times of crisis. The study of the urban societies of Lome and Accra questions the paradigm of assimilation of migrants into the city as conceived by the Chicago sociological tradition. By applying the theories of the School of Manchester and by deconstructing the model of the “rural exodus”, we shall propose a dialectical and multiscalar approach to the links between foreigners and cities. The city influences the identities of foreign migrants who, themselves, transform the spaces of the city and the “citadinité”, defined as the modes of life specific to a city (in terms of practices and representations). One of the main stakes of this thesis consists in underlining the complexity of the notion of foreigner in West African cities. The variety of international mobility, in terms of places and temporalities, has the result of mixing up the faces of foreigners in Lome and Accra. The foreigners do not belong to a single social group, any more than to a single territory. So, this research considers the visibility of foreigners’ identities in the city, both in the eyes of the city-dwellers and in those of the researcher. The foreigners’ identities to a city can be the object of a demand and a process of recognition which is conveyed by territorialities on the scale of a district, as is the case in zongos. But the marginality of certain foreign groups also contributes to the formation of foreigners’ territorialities, even if not easily visible. The presence of foreigners expresses itself not only in terms of identity, but also in terms of territory. The taking possession and the control of certain spaces by foreigners are at the heart of syncretic dynamics, characterized by the redefining of belonging to “somewhere else” in local interactions. In other words, the preservation of foreigners’ identities in the city is not based on the reproduction of identities which appear somewhere else or in other times, but seems to be the product of a differentiation and an identity creation in and of the city. It is from then on possible to exceed the territorial dimension of the changes in the city due to the presence of the foreigners: on the micro scale, places of sociability created by the foreigners entirely participate to invent the links which make the city in everyday life
Dutartre, Philippe. "Horizons de surface de sols ferrugineux tropicaux cultivés d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Burkina Faso et Mali) : étude des microstructures par l'approche fractale". Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0307_DUTARTRE.pdf.
Texto completoThe gefuric, chitonic and porphyric relative distributions were recognized in sub-surface Alfisols microstructures. The gefuric microstudures were correlated with low clay content and subrounded bridges (malian alfisols). On the opposite, the porphyric microstructures were correlated with hight silt, clay and iron content (Burkina faso alfisols). Image analysis and fractal geometry (geometric and geostatistic approaches) were useful tools for characterizing these microstructures in the 0,01-1 mm range. The porosity was closely controled by the fractal dimension Dm of the "mass" (soil particules and microaggregate). It was suggested that this dimension was generated by an Difflusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) Model. Conversely, at a given scale rate, the porosity decreased versus the fractal dimension Dm. The geostatistical and fractal approach gave complementary structural informations: - the sill of the fractal elementary domains (0,1 to 0,3 mm) was positively correlated with the clay fraction; - this spatial short-range structuration was characterized by 3 fractal, by a nested brownian fractal model (three nested fractal domains); - periodic structures observed on the variogramm at long distance, in the weakly spatially structured domain, were interpreted as being repetitions of the elementary fractal domain
Bouledroua, Nadjib. "Missions et missionnaires anglicans en Afrique de l'Ouest et spécialement chez les Yoroubas de 1841 à 1914". Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA12I003.
Texto completoIn order to put an end to the barbaric traditions of the africans, the christian missions were determined to change completely the pagan mind, by imposing upon him a new and better civilisation: christianity. To satisfy the philanthropic policy of the beginning of the 19th century, the church missionary society began in 1841, the spiritual conquest of the yorubas. Thanks to the educated slaves, victorian values, legitimate trade and christianity found many partisans among the yorubas of west africa. Thanks to the c. M. S. Institutions in sierra leone, many freed slaves acquired a new profession. Some became missionaries, then they returned to their respective villages to preach the gospel to the natives. If the policy of the english philanthropist found many obstacles after 1861, it was because of the british colonial policy, which was looking for more influence in africa. The anglican and african missionaries played a great role in changing the native mind. Despite the conflicts, the anglican missionaries and the africans helped each other. The doctrine of the philanthropist, thomas fowell buxton, the bible and the plough had a big success in the yoruba land. It put an end to the slave trade, helped the introduction of christianity, the establishment of legitimate trade and the education of the natives
Masse, Dominique. "Changements d'usage des terres dans les agro-systèmes d'Afrique sub-saharienne.Propriétés des sols et dynamique des matières organiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190946.
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