Literatura académica sobre el tema "YOUNG ADULT NONFICTION / Animals / Animal Welfare"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "YOUNG ADULT NONFICTION / Animals / Animal Welfare"
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Miura, A., J. W. S. Bradshaw y H. Tanida. "Childhood Experiences and Attitudes Towards Animal Issues: A Comparison of Young Adults in Japan and the UK". Animal Welfare 11, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2002): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860002515x.
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AbstractChildhood experiences of animals and current attitudes towards animals were assessed using a questionnaire, which was completed by 227 Japanese students and 174 British students. Pet ownership in childhood, as well as contact with other animals and negative experiences of pets, were used as the independent variables; current attitudes towards pets and other animals were the dependent variables. There were some differences between Japan and the UK: in childhood, the British students had had significantly more pets and more animal-related experiences, such as visiting animal shelters and livestock farms, than had the Japanese students. Their current attitudes were also more positive, and they showed a greater interest in animal welfare issues than did the Japanese students. In both countries there was a positive association between childhood pet-keeping and current favourable attitudes to pets, as measured by the Pet Attitude Scale. Open-ended responses also suggested that the roles of pets for children are perceived in similar ways in Japan and the UK. Adult attitudes to pets and interest in animal welfare seem to be greatly influenced in both countries by childhood experiences of animals, including pets, and may therefore be a general phenomenon.
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Barata-Antunes, Sandra, Fábio G. Teixeira, Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro, Ana V. Domingues, Helena Vilaça-Faria, Ana Marote, Deolinda Silva, Rui A. Sousa y António J. Salgado. "Impact of Aging on the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 10 (14 de mayo de 2020): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103459.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. The neurodegeneration leading to incapacitating motor abnormalities mainly occurs in the nigrostriatal pathway due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Several animal models have been developed not only to better understand the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration but also to test the potential of emerging disease-modifying therapies. However, despite aging being the main risk factor for developing idiopathic PD, most of the studies do not use aged animals. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effect of aging in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced animal model of PD. For this, female young adult and aged rats received a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle. Subsequently, the impact of aging on 6-OHDA-induced effects on animal welfare, motor performance, and nigrostriatal integrity were assessed. The results showed that aging had a negative impact on animal welfare after surgery. Furthermore, 6-OHDA-induced impairments on skilled motor function were significantly higher in aged rats when compared with their younger counterparts. Nigrostriatal histological analysis further revealed an increased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic cell loss in the SNpc of aged animals when compared to young animals. Overall, our results demonstrate a higher susceptibility of aged animals to 6-OHDA toxic insult.
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Reiber, Maria, Lara von Schumann, Verena Buchecker, Lena Boldt, Peter Gass, Andre Bleich, Steven Roger Talbot y Heidrun Potschka. "Evidence-based comparative severity assessment in young and adult mice". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2023): e0285429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285429.
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In animal-based research, welfare assessments are essential for ethical and legal reasons. However, accurate assessment of suffering in laboratory animals is often complicated by the multidimensional character of distress and pain and the associated affective states. The present study aimed to design and validate multidimensional composite measure schemes comprising behavioral and biochemical parameters based on a bioinformatics approach. Published data sets from induced and genetic mouse models of neurological and psychiatric disorders were subjected to a bioinformatics workflow for cross-model analyses. ROC analyses pointed to a model-specific discriminatory power of selected behavioral parameters. Principal component analyses confirmed that the composite measure schemes developed for adult or young mice provided relevant information with the level of group separation reflecting the expected severity levels. Finally, the validity of the composite measure schemes developed for adult and young mice was further confirmed by k-means-based clustering as a basis for severity classification. The classification systems allowed the allocation of individual animals to different severity levels and a direct comparison of animal groups and other models. In conclusion, the bioinformatics approach confirmed the suitability of the composite measure schemes for evidence-based comparative severity assessment in adult and young mice. In particular, we demonstrated that the composite measure schemes provide a basis for an individualized severity classification in control and experimental groups allowing direct comparison of severity levels across different induced or genetic models. An online tool (R package) is provided, allowing the application of the bioinformatics approach to severity assessment data sets regardless of the parameters or models used. This tool can also be used to validate refinement measures.
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Válková, Lenka, Eva Voslářová, Francesca Conte y Vladimír Večerek. "Animal welfare in terms of lung health in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats assessed at slaughter". Acta Veterinaria Brno 93, n.º 1 (2024): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202493010077.
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Lung health has a significant impact on the well-being of farm animals. In this study, the incidence of lung damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats was monitored in animals slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2021. In fattened animals (bulls, finisher pigs, lambs and kids), the incidence of lung damage was statistically significantly the highest in finisher pigs (39.08%) followed by lambs (25.2%), bulls (13.1%) and kids (6.4%). In adult animals (cows, sows, ewes and does), the incidence of lung damage was significantly the highest in ewes (39.5%), followed by cows (36.4%), sows (23.7%) and does (21.5%). For chronic lung damage, the results showed significantly the highest incidence in finisher pigs (37.2%) and young culled from farms (calves 34.0%, piglets 31.3%). For acute lung damage, the results showed significantly higher incidence in piglets (27.4%) and calves (9.7%) compared to other categories of slaughtered animals. In cows and sows, the findings ranged approximately between 6–8%, and did not exceed 2% in the other categories. For parasitic lung damage, significantly the highest findings were found in ewes (25.8%) followed by lambs (17.1%), does (5.8%) and kids (1.0%). The incidence of parasitic lung damage in cattle and pigs did not exceed 0.05%. The differences between chronic, acute and parasitic findings in each category of animals were significant. The findings of lung damage illustrate the fact that the welfare of slaughter animals is inadequate and should be increased.
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Valkova, Lenka, Vladimir Vecerek, Eva Voslarova, Michal Kaluza y Daniela Takacova. "The Welfare of Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Pigs from the Perspective of Traumatic Injuries Detected at Slaughterhouse Postmortem Inspection". Animals 11, n.º 5 (14 de mayo de 2021): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051406.
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The welfare of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats was assessed by measuring trauma detected during veterinary postmortem inspection at slaughterhouses. The subject of this evaluation were all bovine, porcine, ovine and caprine animals slaughtered at Czech slaughterhouses in the monitored period, i.e., a total of 1,136,754 cows, 257,912 heifers, 1,015,541 bulls, 104,459 calves, 586,245 sows, 25,027,303 finisher pigs, 123,191 piglets, 22,815 ewes, 114,264 lambs, 1348 does and 5778 kids. The data on the numbers of traumatic findings were obtained retrospectively from a national veterinary database collecting data from slaughterhouse postmortem examinations. The results showed that findings of trauma were observed at a low frequency in the studied species. Injuries were detected most frequently in cows (1.71%). In contrast, no findings associated with the presence of trauma were recorded in does and kids. From the viewpoint of trauma localization, findings on the limbs were more frequent than findings on the body (p < 0.01). The only exceptions to this were lambs, does and kids, for which there was no statistically significant difference between findings on the limbs and the body (p = 1.00). The results show that housing system (bedding, the presence of slats, floor hardness), transport of animals to the slaughterhouse (moving animals to the vehicle, loading ramps, floors in transport vehicles and the transport of animals itself) and design of the slaughterhouse (unloading ramps, passageways and slaughterhouse floors) have a greater impact on the limbs than the bodies of animals in the majority of species. A difference was also demonstrated in the occurrence of findings of trauma in the limbs and body (p < 0.01) between culled adult animals and fattened animals, namely in cattle and pigs. A difference (p < 0.01) between ewes and lambs was found only in the occurrence of traumatic injury to the limbs. The results showed that fattened animals are affected by the risk of trauma to a lesser extent than both culled adult animals and young animals. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were also found between the studied species and categories of animals. The category most affected from the viewpoint of injury both to the limbs and body was cows. In contrast to cows that are typically reared indoors, the low frequency of traumatic findings was found in small ruminants and in bulls, i.e., animals typically reared outdoors. Assumedly, access to pasture may be beneficial considering the risk of traumatic injury.
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Wensman, Jonas Johansson y Maria Stokstad. "Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model". Pathogens 9, n.º 12 (26 de noviembre de 2020): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120991.
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The current pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of basic studies on coronaviruses (CoVs) in general, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in particular. CoVs have for long been studied in veterinary medicine, due to their impact on animal health and welfare, production, and economy. Several animal models using coronaviral disease in the natural host have been suggested. In this review, different animal models are discussed, with the main focus on bovine CoV (BCoV). BCoV is endemic in the cattle population worldwide and has been known and studied for several decades. SARS-CoV-2 and BCoV are both betacoronaviruses, where BCoV is highly similar to human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, encompassing the same virus species (Betacoronavirus 1). BCoV causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in young and adult cattle. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the similarities and dissimilarities between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as discussing the usage of BCoV as a model for human CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2.
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García-Rodríguez, Alberto, Gloria Herrero-García, María Gracia de Garnica García, Álvaro García Esgueva, Ramón Balsera, Álvaro Oleaga, Daniel Fernández et al. "Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain". Animals 13, n.º 7 (5 de abril de 2023): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071255.
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The Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) is one of the most severely threatened subspecies of capercaillie. Its current population range is restricted to a small area of the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), with only around 200 individuals remaining. As part of the national strategy for the conservation of the subspecies, the Cantabrian capercaillie Captive Breeding Center of Sobrescobio opened in 2009. Here, we use the information provided by the necropsies performed in this facility on 29 individuals (11 males, 13 females and 5 undetermined; 16 chicks and 13 adults) in order to describe the main mortality causes of captive-bred Cantabrian capercaillies. After necropsy, tissue samples were taken for evaluation using standard methods in histology and microbiology. The majority of the captive animals (18/29, 62.07%) died due to infectious diseases, mainly due to Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, or Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The remaining 11 animals died due to stress-related processes (i.e., rupture of the heart apex and cardiomyopathy or neurogenic shock) (8/29, 27.59%), duodenal obstruction and coelomitis (1/29, 3.45%), perforation of the proventriculus and heart with a briar branch (1/29, 3.45%) or euthanasia due to a valgus leg deformity that prevented proper animal welfare (1/29, 3.45%). Young animals (i.e., younger than 2 months) died mainly due to infectious diseases (14/16, 87.5%), while stress-related causes were responsible for most adult deaths (7/13, 53.85%). We additionally report that two free-ranging adult males died due to exertional myopathy. This study provides relevant information for reducing mortality in captive capercaillies and improving both living conditions in captivity and the adaptation of these animals to the wild.
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Válková, Lenka, Eva Voslářová, Annamaria Passantino y Vladimír Večerek. "Prevalence of heart lesions in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats detected during veterinary checks in slaughterhouses with respect to animal welfare". Acta Veterinaria Brno 93, n.º 2 (2024): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202493020251.
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The incidence of heart damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2021 was monitored. Findings classified as acute, chronic, and parasitic were recorded during postmortem slaughterhouse examination. Significantly the highest incidence of acute heart damage was found in piglets (14.92%) and calves (4.03%) compared to other animal categories. The incidence of chronic heart damage was found to be significantly the highest for piglets (14.13%). Among fattening animals, the prevalence of chronic heart damage was significantly the highest for finisher pigs (8.19%), followed by bulls (1.33%), lambs (0.20%) and kids (0.15%). Among adult animals, the incidence of chronic heart damage was significantly the highest for cows (7.10%) followed by sows (5.21%), does (1.46%) and ewes (0.86%). Parasitic findings were rare in the period under review (< 0.2% for ewes and < 0.03% for the other monitored species and categories). In general, the highest incidence found was for chronic damage, followed by acute damage, and the lowest for parasitic damage, except for sheep, where the incidence of parasitic findings was higher than the incidence of acute findings. Overall, the highest number of pathological findings on the heart was found for piglets (29.06%), followed by calves (10.87%), i.e. culled young. Relatively high numbers of findings were also found for cows (9.84%), finisher pigs (8.43%), and sows (5.80%). For the other monitored species and categories, heart lesions were found in less than 3% of cases. The results provide insights into the overall heart health and welfare of slaughter animals.
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KATSAROU (Α. ΚΑΤΣΑΡΟΥ), A., A. TSIRONI (Α. ΤΣΙΡΩΝΗ), M. SERAFETINIDOU (Μ. ΣΕΡΑΦΕΤΙΝΙΔΟΥ), C. VOYAZAKI (Χ. ΒΟΓΙΑΤΖΑΚΗ), V. BAUMANS y N. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΙΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ). "Age - related behaviour on individually caged rabbits". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, n.º 1 (10 de noviembre de 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15036.
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Housing conditions and environmental enrichment of individually caged laboratory rabbits is of great importance for the welfare of the animals and the quality of the experimental results. In order to improve the design of existing environmental enrichment programs for laboratory rabbits, considerable knowledge of the behavioural needs of this species is necessary. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the behaviour of juvenile and young adult rabbits in order to establish whether there are any age-dependent differences in grooming, rearing, sniffing, eating, drinking and gnawing. 12 NZW rabbits were divided into two groups: group A consisted of six 6-month-old rabbits (young adults) and group Β consisted of six 2-month-old rabbits (juvenile). All animals were already housed for more than twenty days under the same conditions in the animal facility. Both groups of rabbits were video-recorded between 06:00h - 18:00h for four consecutive days. The frequency of each behaviour was determined and compared in the two groups of rabbits from the video recordings. The frequencies of grooming, eating and gnawing in the young rabbits were significantly greater than those in the older rabbits (p<0.05). No statistical differences were found between the two groups for rearing, sniffing and drinking. From these results, we concluded that even small age differences should be taken into account when designing an environmental enrichment program for individually caged rabbits.
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Cavalcante, K. M. H. "Short-term but not long-term exposure to an enriched environment reduces unconditioned fear responses but not conditioned fear responses". Scientific Electronic Archives 12, n.º 5 (10 de octubre de 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1252019933.
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Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to produce beneficial effects in animal models of a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. EE exhibits antidepressant function; reduces anxiety, improves spatial learning and memory impairment. EE can reduce sensitivity to loss of reward by reducing frustration-like emotional states and facilitates the extinction of conditioned fear. However, some studies related to the emotional effects of EE present controversial results such as reduction or increase in anxiety. The time of exposure to an enriched environment seems to be an important factor in the behavioral responses presented by animals subjected to aversive stimuli. The present study compared the effects of two and four week exposure to EE with young adult Wistar rats under the same conditions and protocol on fear behavioral parameters in the face of footshock (unconditioned fear) and on re-exposure to an environment after electrical shock pairing (conditioned fear). We showed that the EE with a duration of two weeks reduced the freezing response of the animals in an unconditioned fear situation, that is, with the aversive stimulus present in the environment, however, did not influence the same behavior in a conditioned fear situation. In addition, the short-term EE developed the locomotor and exploratory activity, identified by the high rearing behavior, which may also suggest a low level of anxiety in these animals. We can conclude that EE changes the unconditioned fear responses of young adult rats. In addition, the duration of EE interferes differently, being two weeks of treatment with EE sufficient to cause improvement in coping with unconditioned aversive situations. We suggest that the emotional benefits resulting from the welfare provided by EE can be abolished by the longer duration of this treatment, due to the already known effect of tolerance to lasting or abundant rewards.
Libros sobre el tema "YOUNG ADULT NONFICTION / Animals / Animal Welfare"
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. New York, N.Y: Delacorte Press, 1989.
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Eva. London: Gollancz, 1988.
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. Harlow: Longman, 1993.
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. London: Dell, 1988.
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PUBLISHER, PRENTICE HALL. Prentice Hall: Literature: Bronze. 7a ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2001.
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Grand Theft Horse. Lee & Low Books, Incorporated, 2018.
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. Tandem Library, 1999.
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. Laurel Leaf, 1990.
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Dickinson, Peter. Eva. Corgi Freeway, 1991.
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Eva. Diogenes, 1994.
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