Tesis:

1

Shabani, Behnam. "Wave-Associated Seabed Behaviour near Submarine Buried Pipelines". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3532.

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Master of Engineering (Research)
Soil surrounding a submarine buried pipeline consolidates as ocean waves propagate over the seabed surface. Conventional models for the analysis of soil behaviour near the pipeline assume a two-dimensional interaction problem between waves, the seabed soil, and the structure. In other words, it is often considered that water waves travel normal to the orientation of pipeline. However, the real ocean environment is three-dimensional and waves approach the structure from various directions. It is therefore the key objective of the present research to study the seabed behaviour in the vicinity of marine pipelines from a three-dimensional point of view. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed based on the Finite Element Method to analyse the so-called momentary behaviour of soil under the wave loading. In this model, the pipeline is assumed to be rigid and anchored within a rigid impervious trench. A non-slip condition is considered to exist between the pipe and the surrounding soil. Quasi-static soil consolidation equations are then solved with the aid of the proposed FE model. In this analysis, the seabed behaviour is assumed to be linear elastic with the soil strains remaining small. The influence of wave obliquity on seabed responses, i.e. the pore pressure and soil stresses, are then studied. It is revealed that three-dimensional characteristics systematically affect the distribution of soil response around the circumference of the underwater pipeline. Numerical results suggest that the effect of wave obliquity on soil responses can be explained through the following two mechanisms: (i) geometry-based three-dimensional influences, and (ii) the formation of inversion nodes. Further, a parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of soil, wave and pipeline properties on wave-associated pore pressure as well as principal effective and shear stresses within the porous bed, with the aid of proposed three-dimensional model. There is strong evidence in the literature that the failure of marine pipelines often stems from the instability of seabed soil close to this structure, rather than from construction deficiencies. The wave-induced seabed instability is either associated with the soil shear failure or the seabed liquefaction. Therefore, the developed three-dimensional FE model is used in this thesis to further investigate the instability of seabed soil in the presence of a pipeline. The widely-accepted criterion, which links the soil liquefaction to the wave-induced excess pressure is used herein to justify the seabed liquefaction. It should be pointed out that although the present analysis is only concerned with the momentary liquefaction of seabed soil, this study forms the basis for the three-dimensional analysis of liquefaction due to the residual mechanisms. The latter can be an important subject for future investigations. At the same time, a new concept is developed in this thesis to apply the dynamic component of soil stress angle to address the phenomenon of wave-associated soil shear failure. At this point, the influence of three-dimensionality on the potentials for seabed liquefaction and shear failure around the pipeline is investigated. Numerical simulations reveal that the wave obliquity may not notably affect the risk of liquefaction near the underwater pipeline. But, it significantly influences the potential for soil shear failure. Finally, the thesis proceeds to a parametric study on effects of wave, soil and pipeline characteristics on excess pore pressure and stress angle in the vicinity of the structure.

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2

Prezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Tipificação de linhagens de Wolbachia do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) da região neotropical por análise de locos múltiplos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-23072013-145455/.

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Wolbachia é uma bactéria intracelular encontrada tanto nos tecidos somáticos quanto nos reprodutivos de diversas espécies de artrópodes e nematódeos. Estudos filogenéticos baseados nos genes 16S e ftsZ indicaram que o gênero Wolbachia congrega seis supergrupos taxonômicos (\"A\" a \"F\"). Infecções por Wolbachia têm sido associadas a diversas alterações na reprodução de seus hospedeiros, p. exemplo, a incompatibilidade citoplasmática (IC), partenogênese, feminização de machos genéticos e morte dos machos. A identificação das diferentes cepas da bactéria é mais precisa quando a análise por locos múltiplos (MLST) é aplicada. Infecção por Wolbachia foi descrita em diversas espécies de moscas-das-frutas da familia Tephritidae, Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, nas quais a bactéria induz a incompatibilidade citoplasmática. No gênero Anastrepha, endêmico do Continente Americano, infecção por Wolbachia foi descrita em várias espécies pela análise do gene wsp, existindo também a indicação de que IC mediada por Wolbachia ocorra em duas espécies do grupo fraterculus. A ocorrência de IC aliada à sugestão do emprego da Wolbachia em programas de controle populacional das moscas-das-frutas, impõem a necessidade de uma caracterização mais precisa das diferentes cepas da Wolbachia. No presente trabalho foram amplificados e sequenciados fragmentos dos genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ e fbpA, que integram a metodologia de MLST (\"Multiloci Sequence Typing\") e do gene wsp da Wolbachia. Foram analisadas amostras populacionais do complexo de espécies crípticas de Anastrepha fraterculus do Brasil e da Argentina, Peru, Equador, Colômbia, Guatemala e México, além de amostras de Anastrepha obliqua do Brasil. Todas as amostras estavam infectadas com Wolbachia do supergrupo \"A\". Para os cinco genes, foram encontrados haplótipos únicos e outros já descritos anteriormente, determinando, assim, os alelos de cada um presentes nas amostras. O conjunto de cinco alelos de cada amostra determinou a linhagem da bactéria que estava presente. Comparação entre as análises filogenéticas das sequências de cada um dos genes isoladamente, mostrou discordância nas relações entre os alelos e amostras populacionais. As sequências dos cinco genes concatenadas, com 2079 pb, foram analisadas tendo sido encontrados 20 linhagens, com distâncias variando de 0,001 a 0,058. A análise filogenética isolou as linhagens de Wolbachia obtidas das amostras de Anastrepha em clados distintos, demonstrando que diferentes linhagens estão presentes nesses hospedeiros e regiões geográficas. Mostrou, também, que pode ocorrer mais que uma cepa de Wolbachia em uma mesma amostra populacional. Uma das linhagens foi detectada em duas espécies do complexo fraterculus e é, também, a mais comumente encontrada (ST1) em diferentes organismos. As sequências do wsp tinham cerca de 500 pb, tendo sido encontradas 22 sequências distintas. O nível de variabilidade de nucleotídeos não é uniforme ao longo do gene, formando um padrão com quatro regiões hipervariáveis, \"HVRs\". As distâncias genéticas entre os haplótipos de wsp mostrou uma variação de 0,001 a 0,235. Foram observadas evidências de recombinação intragência entre os haplótipos do gene wsp. A análise filogenética também isolou os haplótipos de Wolbachia em clados distintos, porém, em contraste com o MLST, a árvore do gene wsp, não suporta os grupos monofiléticos gerados pelo MLST. Os resultados mostram que linhagens similares de Wolbachia estão disseminadas por vasta extensão do Continente Americano, além da presença de linhagens específicas em determinadas áreas geográficas. Análises de ovários e testículos de indivíduos infectados e não infectados (curados por tratamento térmico) de A. sp. 1 e de A. obliqua foram feitas para avaliar possíveis efeitos da Wolbachia nesses hospedeiros. A análise das preparações dos ovários, coradas pelo DAPI, não mostrou diferenças perceptíveis nesta análise morfológica entre fêmeas infectadas e não infectadas, de ambas as espécies. A produção de espermatozoides aumenta progressivamente durante alguns dias, após a emergência das imagos, e cai nos dias seguintes. A análise da produção de espermatozoides pelos machos infectados e pelos curados mostrou que as diferenças entre eles não foram significativas, em ambas as espécies de hospedeiros. Foram feitas estimativas da fecundidade de fêmeas infectadas e não infectadas, de ambas as espécies. Mostrou-se que fêmeas infectadas são mais fecundas que as não infectadas em A. sp.1, mas mostram fecundidade similar em A. obliqua. As taxas de eclosão de larvas foram também estimadas em cruzamentos intraespecíficos compatíveis (fêmeas infectadas ou não cruzadas com machos não infectados) e cruzamentos incompatíveis (fêmeas não infectadas cruzadas com machos infectados) de ambas as espécies. A fertilidade foi significativamente mais elevada entre os ovos produzidos pelas fêmeas infectadas, de ambas as espécies. Foi observado que machos infectados, em ambas as espécies, estão relacionados com os cruzamentos onde ocorreram as taxas mais altas de eclosão. Analisando os cruzamentos incompatíveis, foi demonstrada a presença de incompatibilidade citoplasmática (IC), como seria esperado pela atuação da Wolbachia. Foi mostrado um alto valor para os índices de IC em A. sp,1 (IC= 54,01%) e em A. obliqua (IC = 66,2%). Os resultados sugerem que podem existir relações mutualísticas insipientes da Wolbachia com suas espécies de Anastrepha hospedeiras
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacteria found in somatic and in the reproductive tissues of various arthropods and nematodes. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S and ftsZ genes indicated the existence of six Wolbachia taxonomic supergroups (\"A\" through \"F\"). Infection of Wolbachia have been linked to several changes in the reproduction of their hosts, like cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males and male killing. T Wolbachia infection has been described in several species of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, like Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, in which the bacteria induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. In Anastrepha, endemic to the American Continent, Wolbachia infection has been described in several species by analysis of the wsp gene, and there is also indications that Wolbachia-mediated CI occurs in two species of the fraterculus group. The occurrence of CI coupled with the suggestion of the use of Wolbachia in population supression programs, impose the need for a more precise characterization of the different strains of Wolbachia. The identification of the different strains of the bacteria is most accurate when the methodology of multiple loci (MLST) is applied. In this study fragments of genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ and fbpA, integrating the methodology MLST, and of wsp gene were amplified and sequenced. Population samples of the Anastrepha fraterculus.complex of cryptic species from Brasil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, and samples of A. oblique from Basil were analysed. All samples were infected with supergroup \"A\" Wolbachia. For each of the five MLST genes, unique as well already known haplotypes were found. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene isolated showed incongruences in the relationships among haplotypes and population samples. The concatenated sequences of the five genes, with 2079 bp, were analyzed and 20 haplotypes were found, with distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.058. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia isolated haplotypes into distinct clades, demonstrating that different strains of Wolbachia were present in these hosts, and in distinct geographic areas. Hosts specific haplotypes were found as well as more than one strain of Wolbachia was found in given population samples. A haplotypes (ST1) was detected in two species of the complex and is also the most commonly found in different organisms. Twenty two different sequences of about 500 bp were found for the wsp gene. The level of nucleotide variability is not uniform along the gene, forming a pattern with four hypervariable regions, HVRs. Genetic distances between haplotypes showed a variation from 0.001 to 0.235. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes also isolated Wolbachia into distinct clades, but in contrast to the MLST, the tree formed by wsp gene does not support the monophily of some groups. The data show that strains of Wolbachia are disseminated along the American Continent, and also that there are specific strains in determined geographic areas. Analyses of ovaries and testes from infected and non infected (cured by heat treatment) individuals of A. sp. 1 and A. obliqua were made in search of possible effects of Wolbachia on its hosts. Ovaries from infected and cured females of both species, stained by DAPI, showed no visible differences in this morphological analysis. The production of sperms increases during few days after ermergence and drops out later one. Analysis of infected and cured males showed that the production of sperms were not significant between them, for both the host species. Fecundity of infected females of A, sp.1 was significantly higher than that of cured females, but was similar in A. obliqua, Egg hatching was scored in compatible intraspecies crosses and also in incompatibles crosses, of both species. Fertility was significntly higher for infected females of both species. Infected males of both species were found associated to crosses in which the higher egg hatching was observed. Analyses of incompatible crosses showed that CI occurred at high rates in A. sp.1 (CI = 54.01%) and in A. obliqua (CI = 66.2%). The data suggest that an incipient mutualism may be present in the relationships of Wolbachia and its Anastrepha hosts

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3

Schwartz, Kerry, Candice Rupprecht, Mary Ann Stoll, Holly Thomas-Hillburn, Tasha Krecek-Lynch, Alex Prescott y Sushmita Ramaswamy. "Water Scene Investigation (WSI) Program". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298147.

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4

Ophoff, Jacobus Albertus. "WSP3: a web service model for personal privacy protection". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/272.

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The prevalent use of the Internet not only brings with it numerous advantages, but also some drawbacks. The biggest of these problems is the threat to the individual’s personal privacy. This privacy issue is playing a growing role with respect to technological advancements. While new service-based technologies are considerably increasing the scope of information flow, the cost is a loss of control over personal information and therefore privacy. Existing privacy protection measures might fail to provide effective privacy protection in these new environments. This dissertation focuses on the use of new technologies to improve the levels of personal privacy. In this regard the WSP3 (Web Service Model for Personal Privacy Protection) model is formulated. This model proposes a privacy protection scheme using Web Services. Having received tremendous industry backing, Web Services is a very topical technology, promising much in the evolution of the Internet. In our society privacy is highly valued and a very important issue. Protecting personal privacy in environments using new technologies is crucial for their future success. These facts, combined with the detail that the WSP3 model focusses on Web Service environments, lead to the following realizations for the model: The WSP3 model provides users with control over their personal information and allows them to express their desired level of privacy. Parties requiring access to a user’s information are explicitly defined by the user, as well as the information available to them. The WSP3 model utilizes a Web Services architecture to provide privacy protection. In addition, it integrates security techniques, such as cryptography, into the architecture as required. The WSP3 model integrates with current standards to maintain their benefits. This allows the implementation of the model in any environment supporting these base technologies. In addition, the research involves the development of a prototype according to the model. This prototype serves to present a proof-of-concept by illustrating the WSP3 model and all the technologies involved. The WSP3 model gives users control over their privacy and allows everyone to decide their own level of protection. By incorporating Web Services, the model also shows how new technologies can be used to offer solutions to existing problem areas.

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5

Paradis, Frédérik. "Local Routing in Spanners Based on WSPDs". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36574.

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The well-separated pair decomposition (WSPD) of the complete Euclidean graph defined on points in R 2 , introduced by Callahan and Kosaraju [JACM, 42 (1): 67-90, 1995], is a technique for partitioning the edges of the complete graph based on length into a linear number of sets. Among the many different applications of WSPDs, Callahan and Kosaraju proved that the sparse subgraph that results by selecting an arbitrary edge from each set (called WSPD-spanner) is a 1 + 8/(s − 4)-spanner, where s > 4 is the separation ratio used for partitioning the edges. Although competitive local-routing strategies exist for various spanners such as Yao-graphs, Θ-graphs, and variants of Delaunay graphs, few local-routing strategies are known for any WSPD-spanner. Our main contribution is a local-routing algorithm with a near-optimal competitive routing ratio of 1 + O(1/s) on a WSPD-spanner. Specifically, using Callahan and Kosaraju’s fair split-tree, we show how to build a WSPD-spanner with spanning ratio 1 + 4/s + 4/(s − 2) which is a slight improvement over 1 + 8/(s − 4). We then present a 2-local and a 1-local routing algorithm on this spanner with competitive routing ratios of 1 + 6/(s − 2) + 4/s and 1 + 8/(s − 2) + 4/s + 8/s 2 , respectively. Moreover, we prove that there exists a point set for which our WSPD-spanner has a spanning ratio of at least 1 + 8/s, thereby proving the near-optimality of its spanning ratio and the near-optimality of the routing ratio of both our routing algorithms.

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6

Dyrebrant, Mattias y Pontus Broberg. "Förbättringsmöjligheter av samarbetet mellan projektör & entreprenör i ett BIM-projekt". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-53280.

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Detta examensarbete handlar om förbättringsmöjligheterna av kommunikationen mellan entreprenören och projektören. Dagens byggbransch är under en stor förändring till BIM och det är då extra viktigt att kommunikationen fungerar mellan parterna så samarbetet går så smidigt och problemfritt som möjligt för bästa resultat. Ett förbättrat samarbete skapar en bättre relation mellan företagen samt kan hålla ner kostnader och tid för projektet. För att komma fram till det bästa resultatet på arbetet har intervjuer gjorts med både entreprenören samt projektören i projektet Stenkumla - Dunsjö. Entreprenören i projektet är Skanska och projektören är WSP. De flesta intervjuer som har gjorts har varit med entreprenörerna för att ta reda på vad det är de saknar. Resultatet från intervjuerna har sedan diskuterats med projektörerna för att se om de visste om de synpunkter som entreprenörerna hade och om de hade en lösning. Efter intervjuerna visade det sig att de flesta entreprenörerna ansåg att en pusselbit som saknades var utbildning, de ansåg att de inte hade fått tillräckligt med utbildning för att till exempel använda modellen på bästa sätt. Eftersom BIM är ett nytt arbetssätt där modellen är en central del ansågs denna punkt viktig. Det kom upp fler synpunkter från entreprenören där vissa synpunkter endast handlade om brist på kommunikation och där många handlade om bristen på utbildning. Resultatet kan leda till att företagen öppnar fler dialoger och sätter mer tid till lyssna vad som kan förbättras.
This degree project is about improving the possibilities of communication between the entrepreneur and the projector. Today's construction industry is in a major change to BIM, and it is therefore particularly important that the communication works between the parties as cooperation goes as smoothly and seamlessly as possible for best results. An enhanced cooperation to create a better relationship between the companies and can keep down costs and time to the project. To arrive at the best result of the study interviews with both the contractor and the designer of the project Stenkumla – Dunsjö were made. The major entrepreneur of the project is Skanska and the projector isWSP. Most of the interviews that have been done have been with entrepreneur to find out what they are missing. The result of the interviews have then been discussed with the projector to see if they knew about the comments that the entrepreneurs had and if they had a solution for it already. After the interviews it turned out that most of the entrepreneurs felt that a piece of the puzzle that was missing were education, they felt that they had not received sufficient education on how to use the model in the best way. Since BIM is a new approach in which the model is a central part it was considered important. It came up more comments from the entrepreneur where the comments only were about lack of communication where many were about the lack of education. The result can lead companies to open more dialogues and puts more time to listen to what can be improved.

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7

McGrath, Steven Russell. "Poultry Litter as a Nutrient Source for Low Input Forage Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33082.

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Despite high volumes of manure production in the Shenandoah Valley, there are still areas of forage production in the Shenandoah Valley that are nutrient deficient, because manures have traditionally been applied to higher value row crops. Furthermore, anecdotal reports have suggested that application of poultry litter to pastureland may increase the abundance of weeds. This study was conducted to compare the effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, aboveground botanical composition and soil seed bank composition of established mixed naturalized pastures. Two sites each had the following treatments applied for two consecutive years: 1) split application of litter: 3.36 Mg ha-1 in spring and 3.36 Mg ha-1 in summer; 2) inorganic fertilizer at same N, P and K rates as Trt. No. 1; 3) single application of litter: 6.72 Mg ha-1 in spring; 4) inorganic fertilizer at same N, P and K rates as Trt. No. 3; 5) unfertilized control. Forage yield, soil pH, Mehlich 1 P (M1P), P balance, water soluble phosphorus (WSP), shifts in aboveground botanical composition, seed bank composition, and species richness (SPR) were monitored during this experiment. In addition, we examined whether poultry litter carries germinable weed seeds that can be transferred to forage systems after application. On average, soil pH was 0.2 higher for litter than chemical fertilizer treatments, but this difference was not significant. Mehlich 1 P and WSP both increased throughout the two years, but no significant differences were found amongst split and single application or litter and inorganic fertilizers. Phosphorus balance analysis indicated that forage yield did not remove adequate P to prevent environmental concerns, when using N based applications. Fertilization increased yield 3.5 Mg ha-1 on average and yield responses to application timing and fertilizer types were similar. Desirable species abundance increased significantly (linear regression, P< 0.05) over time in both fertilizer and poultry litter application treatments. Furthermore at one site, Shenandoah County, poultry litter application actually reduced the number of weedy species in plots (P=0.04). Weedy plant abundance did not differ at either site, and no significant change in species richness (number of species/area) was observed at Rockbridge County for any treatment. No treatment effects were found for seed bank species richness and number of germinated seeds (m-2). No seedlings germinated directly from poultry litter collected from several sites in Virginia. Poultry litter was comparable to inorganic fertilizer in terms of increasing soil WSP, M1P, forage yield, and above ground composition of desirable forage species. Timing of application made no difference. Additionally, our results indicate that poultry litter has no viable seed and does not increase weed abundance in mixed naturalized pastures.
Master of Science

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8

Malone, Jacob. "Analysis of the structure-function relationship of WspR, a GGDEF response-regulator". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414233.

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Rosinha, Rômulo Bandeira. "WSPE : um ambiente de programação peer-to-peer para a computação em grade". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11307.

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Um ambiente de programação é uma ferramenta de software resultante da associa ção de um modelo de programação a um sistema de execução. O objetivo de um ambiente de programação é simpli car o desenvolvimento e a execução de aplicações em uma determinada infra-estrutura computacional. Uma infra-estrutura de Computa ção em Grade apresenta características peculiares que tornam pouco e cientes ambientes de programação existentes para infra-estruturas mais tradicionais, como máquinas maciçamente paralelas ou clusters de computadores. Este trabalho apresenta o WSPE, um ambiente de programação peer-to-peer para Computação em Grade. O WSPE oferece suporte para aplicações grid-unaware que seguem o modelo de programação de tarefas paralelas. A interface de programação WSPE é de nida através de anotações da linguagem Java. O sistema de execu- ção segue um modelo peer-to-peer totalmente descentralizado com o propósito de obter robustez e escalabilidade. Embora um sistema de execução necessite abordar diversos aspectos para se tornar completo, a concepção do sistema de execução WSPE aborda aspectos de desempenho, portabilidade, escalabilidade e adaptabilidade. Para tanto foram desenvolvidos ou adaptados mecanismos para as funções de escalonamento, de construção da rede de sobreposição e de suporte ao paralelismo adaptativo. O mecanismo de escalonamento empregado pelo sistema de execução WSPE é baseado na idéia de roubo de trabalho e utiliza uma nova estratégia que resulta em uma e ciência até cinco vezes superior quando comparada com uma estrat égia mais tradicional. Experimentos realizados com um protótipo do WSPE e também por simulação demonstram a viabilidade do ambiente de programação proposto.
A programming environment is a software tool resulting from the association of a programming model to a runtime system. The goal of a programming environment is to simplify application development and execution on a given computational infrastructure. A Grid Computing infrastructure presents peculiar characteristics that make less e cient existing programming environments designed for more traditional infrastructures, such as massively parallel machines or clusters of computers. This work presents WSPE, a peer-to-peer programming environment for Grid Computing. WSPE provides support for grid-unaware applications following the task parallelism programming model. WSPE programming interface is de ned using annotations from the Java language. The runtime system follows a fully decentralized peer-to-peer model. Although several aspects must be considered in order for a runtime system to become complete, WSPE runtime system's conception considers only performance, portability, scalability and adaptability. For this purpose, mechanisms have been developed or adapted to handle scheduling, overlay network building and adaptive parallelism support functions. The scheduling mechanism employed by WSPE's runtime system is based on the idea of work stealing and uses a new strategy resulting on four times higher e ciency when compared to a more traditional strategy. Conducted experiments with WSPE's prototype and also using a simulation tool demonstrate the proposed programming environment feasibility.

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Nandiraju, Deepti. "Efficient Traffic Diversion and Load-balancing in Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258477338.

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11

D'Ambrosio, Annamaria. "Segmentazione semantica automatica di immagini WSI per applicazioni in Patomica". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23197/.

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Nella patologia tradizionale, i vetrini vengono preparati con un campione di tessuto del paziente e poi rivisti dal patologo con un microscopio ad alto ingrandimento. Successivamente viene delineata manualmente sull’immagine la Region of Interest (ROI). Obiettivo di questa fase è generare correttamente bordi di strutture anatomiche, in quanto una segmentazione sbagliata potrebbe condurre ad un'errata pianificazione della cura successiva. La segmentazione è un processo che richiede molto tempo. Per ovviare a questo si ricorre alla cosidetta Patomica, ovvero la patologia digitale che ha lo scopo, mediante algoritmi computazionali, di estrarre automaticamente parametri quantitativi delle immagini istologiche, al fine di migliorare la velocità e l’accuratezza delle diagnosi. La Patomica ha anche lo scopo di individuare precocemente importanti malattie quali il tumore della pelle. Il lavoro di questa tesi, nasce proprio con lo scopo di superare questi problemi e rendere più facile il lavoro del patologo dal punto di vista del tempo e dell’accuratezza nella determinazione di eventuali cure. Oggetto di questo lavoro è lo sviluppo di modelli di segmentazione semantica automatica di immagini WSI di dermatologia prese da tessuti di melanoma raccolti in uno studio clinico del Policlinico Sant'Orsola di Bologna. La segmentazione è basata sull'algoritmo KNN con particolare attenzione alla ricerca e selezione di features che consentano di ottenere i migliori risultati. Viene in oltre presentato un confronto con altri due modelli supervisionati (Support Vector Machine e Random Forest), allenati sulle stesse features del migliore modello KNN, per paragonarne le performance con quelle ottenute con il modello KNN. L’utilizzo di modelli supervisionati per il task di segmentazione semantica di immagini WSI con risultati soddisfacenti potrebbe aprire la possibilità futura di utilizzare anche modelli non supervisionati permettendo così un ulteriore aumento dell’efficienza.

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Muhabatt, Zada Nasir y Panagiota Mitropoulpu. "EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT : WSP PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Case Study". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211198.

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The objective of this research paper was to examine how effective communication can be perceived in construction projects by presenting an overview of the current proven methods and recorded experiences. The study was conducted by a combination of a literature review and qualitative data retrieval process that included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This examination process focused not only into the organizational structure but also into the project perspective. The findings present a general good performance in terms of organization and project communication as well as suggestions for communication improvement and can be used by researchers as future research in the area of successful construction project communication.
Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka synen på en effektiv komminikation på ett byggprojekt genom att presentera analys av befintliga metoder och dess utveckling med tiden. Studien har huvudsakligen utförts genom granskning av literaturstudier, kvalitativ enkätundersökning och intervjuer med berörda personer. Den utförda studien har inte enbart fokuserat på kommunikation inom organisation, utan har även studerat kommunikation inom projekt. Resultatet visar att det inte föreligger några större brister i kommunikation inom de studerade projekten. Den generella synen är att kommunikation fungerar bra. De synpunkter som har presenterats i rapporten ligger till grund för ett antal åtgärder som föreslås för att kunna uppnå ytterligare förbättrad kommunikation.

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13

Liang, Sheng-Chiech. "High yield and reliable sorting networks for VLSI and WSI implementations". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185520.

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In this dissertation, a novel approach to on-line error detection and correction for high throughput VLSI sorting arrays is presented first. Two-level pipelining is employed in the design which makes the proposed VLSI sorting array very efficient and suitable for real-time applications. All the checkers are designed as totally self-checking circuits such that the resulting sorting array is extremely reliable. Next, in order to overcome the yield problem in WSI implementations a novel hierarchical modular sorting network is presented. More regularly structured equivalent sorting networks are introduced by replacing shuffle interconnections in the original sorting network with easily reconfigurable interconnections. Redundancy is provided at every level of the hierarchy. Hierarchical reconfiguration is implemented by replacing the defective cells with spare cells at the bottom level first, and goes to the next higher level. Yield analysis is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Efficient implementation of parallel sorting algorithms for mesh-connected processor arrays are also considered in this dissertation. The trapezoid sort which has the properties of very simple control hardware and ease of implementation for mesh-connected processor arrays is developed. Its advantage is that the number of iterations is improved significantly compared with the existing parallel sorting algorithms on mesh-connected processor arrays. Based on this algorithm, an efficient method is proposed to find the median value of the input elements. The elements outside the boundary are excluded from the remaining sorting process to reduce the time complexity. This method is then extended to finding the kth smallest element in the input array. Finally, if the number of elements to be sorted is larger than N, the trapezoid sort algorithm can not be applied directly. Therefore, a modified odd-even merge procedure is presented to merge m sorted input sets. The modified odd-even merge procedure can sort two sets of data inputs concurrently by utilizing the idle processors and then merge them together. A speedup of O(log₂m) over the previous merge-split method is achieved.

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14

Дяченко, Є. В. "Інформаційна технологія розпізнавання онкопатологій на повнослайдових гістологічних зображеннях". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78594.

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Виконано аналіз метаданих повнослайдових гістологічних зображень та отримано результати їх впливу на швидкодію і точність класифікаційного алгоритму. Розроблено програмний модуль онкодіагностування з використанням методу опорних векторів SVM та виконана його оптимізація, в результаті якої алгоритм здатен встановлювати вірний діагноз з точністю 95%. Розроблений модуль створено за допомогою мови програмування Python та імпортовано до WSI-системи QuPath.

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15

Wang, Kuochen. "Fault diagnosis and yield enhancement in defect-tolerant VLSI/WSI parallel architectures". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185414.

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This dissertation presents an integrated high-level computer-aided design (CAD) environment, the VAR (VHDL-based Array Reconfiguration) system, for the tasks of design, diagnosis, reconfiguration, simulation, and evaluation in a defect tolerant VLSI/WSI (Wafer Scale Integration) parallel architecture modeled by VHDL. Four issues in the VAR system are studied: (1) the development of a CAD framework for reconfigurable architectures, (2) the development of an array model, and its VHDL description and simulation, (3) the development of efficient fault diagnosis techniques, and (4) the development of a systematic method for evaluating architectures and yield. The first issue describes the modules in the CAD framework and their functionalities. The second issue addresses the hierarchical VHDL description and simulation of the array model, and the detailed designs of its components. The third issue proposes two fault diagnosis algorithms based on the parallel partition approach and the self-comparison approach respectively, and an optimal group diagnosis procedure. These fault diagnosis techniques all have the contribution of reducing testing time significantly under different application scenarios. The fourth issue depicts a complete set of figures of merits for quantitative architecture and yield evaluation. Although an easily diagnosable and reconfigurable two-dimensional defect tolerant array is used as an example to illustrate the methodology of VAR, the VAR environment can be equally applied to other parallel architectures. VAR allows the designers to study and evaluate fault diagnosis and reconfiguration algorithms by inserting faults, which are generated according to actual manufacturing yield data, into the array and then locating the faulty elements as well as simulating the reconfiguration process. Thus, VAR can assist the designers in evaluating different combinations of fault patterns, fault diagnosis and reconfiguration techniques, and reconfigurable architectures through the figures of merit with aim at architectural improvements. Extensive simulation and evaluation have been performed to demonstrate and support the effectiveness of VAR. The results from this research can drive the applications of large area VLSI or WSI closer to reality and result in producing low cost and high yield parallel architectures.

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16

Lundmark, Lina. "Analys av metoder för att beräkna livsmedels vattenfotavtryck". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379559.

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Vatten är en nödvändig resurs för allt liv på jorden. Med en ökande befolkningsmängd förväntas även sötvattenanvändningen att öka, vilket ställer krav på att hanteringen av de vattenresurser som finns sker på ett hållbart sätt. Jordbrukssektorn är i dagsläget den största konsumenten av vatten, varpå det är viktigt att uppmärksamma konsumenter om vattenanvändning vid produktion av livsmedel så att kunskapen ökar kring hur vatten används idag. Ett verktyg för att bedöma miljöpåverkan från vattenanvändning är det så kallade vattenfotavtrycket. De senaste åren har flera beräkningsmetoder tillkommit för att beräkna vattenfotavtryck, och dessa tar hänsyn till olika aspekter. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera tre sådana metoder och använda dem för att beräkna vattenfotavtrycket för ett antal livsmedel, jämföra resultatet och slutligen ta fram en rekommendation kring vilken eller vilka metoder som lämpar sig för konsumentvägledning. De metoder som undersöktes var TOTAL som är en metod av Water Footprint Network (WFN), metoden WSI och metoden AWARE. Resultatet visade att vissa nötter fick särskilt högt vattenfotavtryck oavsett vilken metod som användes, för exempelvis mandlar erhölls med respektive metod ett vattenfotavtryck motsvarande 15 m3 vatten/kg, 3,3 m3 WSI-H2O-ekvivalenter/kg samt 165 m3 AWARE-H2O-ekvivalenter/kg. Att resultaten har olika enheter samt storleksordningar beror på att metoderna är olika uppbyggda. Generellt fick baljväxter, spannmål samt frukt och grönt låga resultat, dock varierade resultaten något beroende på vilken metod som användes. Detta beror bland annat på att endast WSI och AWARE tar hänsyn till hur den lokala vattensituationen ser ut där vattnet används. Vid jämförelse av metoderna ansågs både metoden TOTAL samt AWARE vara lämpliga att använda för konsumentvägledning då den förstnämnda är väl beprövad samt lättförstådd medan den sistnämnda är en uppdaterad indikator som tar hänsyn till lokal vattenbrist.
Water is a vital resource for all life on earth. With an increasing population, the use of freshwater is also expected to increase, which requires a sustainable management of existing water resources. The agricultural sector is currently the largest consumer of water, and it is important to pay attention to consumers about water use in food production so that knowledge is increasing about how water is used today. The so-called water footprint is a tool for assessing the amount of water used to produce a good or a service. In recent years, several calculation methods have been added to calculate water footprints, and these take into account various aspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three such methods and use them to calculate the water footprint for a number of foods, compare the results and finally give a recommendation on which method or methods that are best suited for consumer guidance. The assessed methods were TOTAL by Water Footprint Network (WFN), the WSI method and the AWARE method. The results showed that some nuts had a particularly high water footprint regardless of the method used. Almonds, for example, obtained with each method a water footprint corresponding to 15 m3 water/kg, 3.3 m3 WSI-H2O-equivalents/kg and 165 m3 AWARE-H2O-equivalents/kg. The fact that the results have different units and orders of magnitude is because the different structure of the methods. Generally, legumes, cereals and fruits and vegetables had low water footprints, but the results varied somewhat depending on the method used. This is partly due to the fact that only WSI and AWARE take into account how the water situations looks where the water is used. When comparing the methods, both TOTAL and AWARE were considered suitable for use for consumer guidance, since the former is well-proven and easily understood while the latter is an updated indicator that takes local water shortage into account.

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17

Jiang, Tian. "Non-proprietary web mapping solutions for use in corporations: a WSP case study". Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7325.

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The development of web mapping industry is so fast that hundreds of web mapping software products are being created each year. These products are usually parts of three solution categories: a) proprietary solutions, b) Open source solutions, or c) Web 2.0 mashup solutions. Due to the solutions’ maturity, rich functionalities and great external support, most enterprises use proprietary products to build their web mapping applications. Seldom are the latter two, named as non-proprietary solutions in this study, ever used in corporations. This study explores the suitability of non-proprietary web mapping solutions for WSP Sweden.

Two prototype applications are developed using one Open source web mapping solution and one Web 2.0 mashup solution. Both applications attempt to accomplish similar tasks as an existing application, Stockholmshem tree inventory project, to demonstrate the functional potential of each solution. The implementation process will help to further access both prototype solutions on the basis of: a) how well they satisfy WSP’s list of demands; b) their implementation difficulty; and c) their response performances. The results indicate that both categories of non-proprietary solutions can satisfy the most important demands of WSP’s basic web mapping application. While Open source solutions are more suitable for meeting advanced demands, mashup solutions can help to quickly establish a simple application. The combinational use of both solutions is a promising alternative to the predominant ArcIMS-based proprietary solution used at WSP.

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18

Zhang, Xing. "Biogeography and biosystematics of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)/Wolbachia interactions". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25948.

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This research focused on the reproductive incompatibility and genetic differences between the two strains of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst). Two molecular markers served as the basis for the strain distribution analysis of plum curculio and Wolbachia symbiont. One marker is the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (mtCOI) of plum curculio. Another marker is the Wolbachia Surface Protein (wsp) gene of Wolbachia associated with plum curculio. First, the reproductive compatibility of cross-populations mating in plum curculio was studied during the summers of 2004 and 2006. The results confirmed the reproductive incompatibility among plum curculio geographic populations. A unidirectional incompatibility was revealed in an approximate north and south transect of the range of plum curculio (4 x 4 two factorial design: NY, VA, FL, and WV): there was a significant low fertility in WV males mated with NY (40%) and VA (29%) females. The Florida population showed a different pattern: FL males have a significantly lower fertility with VA (46%) and WV (37%) females while FL females were compatible with all males from the four populations. The results of experiment 2 indicated that within the northern geographic area populations (3 x 3 two factorial design: NY, MA, and NJ) were compatible with each other. An opposite unidirectional reproductive incompatibility was revealed in the combination of NJ males with FL females, which showed a significant low fertility (47%). A bi-directional incompatibility occurred between FL and WV reciprocal cross mating. FL males mated with WV females (26%) and WV males mated with FL females (21%) both have the significant low fertility compared to fertility of within their population matings. The genetic diversity among plum curculio populations from different geographic locations was investigated using the partial mtCOI gene. A total of 50 samples from 10 populations were sequenced. PCR products were 863 bp in length. A total of 23 unique sequence haplotypes were found in the 50 samples tested. Haplotype G (n = 5), L (n = 12) and T (n = 13) comprised 60% of 50 samples. The nucleotide distances between those haplotypes ranged from 0.12% to 4.87%. Genetic distances between northern and southern group plum curculios range from 4.17% to 4.87%. Two distinct major clades were found, using three different phylogenetic analyses: 1) neighbor joining (NJ), 2) maximum-parsimony (MP), and 3) maximum-likelihood (ML). 100% bootstraps support the northern clade and the southern clade was strongly supported (100/100/86, NJ/MP/ML) as well. The mid-southern subclade within the southern clade was also strongly supported (70/82/71, NJ/MP/ML) and the far-southern subclade was supported in NJ tree (81%) but was not resovled in MP and ML trees. The mid-southern subclade included haplotypes from two NJ, Washington, VA (Ra), Blacksburg, VA (BL) and 50% of WV populations and the far-southern subclade included haplotypes from FL, GA, Whitethorne, VA (Ke), Troutville, VA (Bo) and another 50% of WV populations. The results suggested that the northern and the southern clade could correspond with the northern and southern strains, respectively, of plum curculio. In this study, the mtCOI sequence was highly informative as a molecular marker in that it was useful to distinguish C. nenuphar from northern and from southern geographic locations in the eastern United States. However, the number of generations per year of several geographic populations within the southern clade still needs to be determined. The distribution of Wolbachia infection associated with plum curculio strains was investigated. 91 of 93 samples were infected by Wolbachia. Three unique Wolbachia strains were identified. The strains wCne1 and wCne2 (593 bp) were 97% identical, and their sequences were both 84% identical with wCne3 (590 bp). The wsp sequence of wCne1 was 99% identical to Wolbachia sequenced from the neotropical beetle, Chelymorpha alternans Boheman (Keller et al. 2004). The wCne2 sequence was 98.5% identical to the flower bug, Orius nagaii Yasunaga (Miura and Tagami, unpublished). The wCne3 sequence was 100% identical to Wolbachia sequenced from the tephritid fruit fly, Dacus destillatoria (Jamnongluk et al. 2000) and the ant, Formica exsecta (Reuter and Keller 2003). PCR - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used for superinfection detection. Of 93 samples, 15 (16.1%), 21 (22.6%), 19 (20.4%), 36 (38.7%) samples were infected by wCne1, wCne2, wCne1 plus wCne2, and wCne3, respectively. Only two (2.2%) samples had no infection. The wCne3 strain was always present as a single infection. Therefore, current results suggest that Wolbachia strains approximate the distribution of plum curculio strains: the northern strain is infected with wCne1 and wCne2 strains in supergroup B, the southern strain is infected with wCne3 strain in supergroup A and the mid-Atlantic region is the convergence area. Compared with the haplotype distribution of plum curculio mtCOI gene, there was a closer relation of the mid-southern PC clade to the far-southern clade than to the northern clade. However, Wolbachia symbionts in mid-southern PC are more closely related to those in northern PC than to those in far-southern PC. The relationship of Wolabchia infection with reproductive incompatibility between plum curculio populations is also discussed.
Ph. D.

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19

Goymer, Patrick. "The role of the WspR response regulator in the adaptive evolution of experimental populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52629a69-2863-4d90-8193-641ed91c286b.

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The role of ecological opportunity in adaptive radiation has been demonstrated by the diversification of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 in a spatially structured microcosm. This provides an ideal system for studying the genetics of adaptation and asking questions about the genes that matter in evolution. Previous studies have identified the genes that are necessary for the evolved, biofilm-forming, niche-specialist genotype, the wrinkly spreader (WS). These genes are organised in two operons: the wss operon that encodes the genes for cellulose biosynthesis, and the wsp operon that encodes a chemosensory pathway. The terminal gene in the wsp operon, wspR, encodes a novel response regulator thought to regulate the activity of the wss operon. This gene forms the basis of this study, which assesses the role of regulatory genes in adaptive evolution. The structure-function relationship of WspR is established through the phenotypic analysis of overexpressed wspR random point mutants. On this basis a model of WspR activity is proposed which is tested by molecular genetic analysis. The role of phosphorylation is demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis, and domain liberation is used to study the interaction of WspR with the other components of the signalling pathway. As the overexpression of certain wspR mutant alleles mimics the evolutionary transition from ancestor to niche-specialist, the fitness effects of such overexpression are measured. It is found that some, but not all, wspR alleles do indeed cause adaptation. It is also found that a phenotypically-plastic genotype, with enhanced fitness, can be created by artificial manipulation, but does not occur naturally; this demonstrates the existence of a constraint on evolution. Sequence analysis of independently-isolated WS genotypes shows no evidence of wspR sequence variation, despite its capacity to enhance fitness. A further proteomic and phenotypic characterisation shows variation between ancestral and WS genotypes, and also between different WS genotypes. This demonstrates that there are different mutational routes to the same adaptation.

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20

Kadri, Mohammed. "Formation à basse température et nouvelles techniques de caractérisations du disiliciure de tungstène WSi". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376062351.

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21

Patry, Jean-Luc. "Intégration sur tranche d'une architecture massivement parallèle tolérant les défauts de fin de fabrication". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341630.

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Cette thèse présente des méthodes et outils de conception de systèmes integres sur tranche entière (wafer scale intégration). L'application traitée (dans le cadre d'un projet européen esprit) est une architecture constituée d'un réseau 2d de 6720 processeurs (pe) monobits, destinée au traitement d'image de bas niveau. Pour tolérer les défauts de fin fabrication, une approche hiérarchisée a été implantée. Au niveau sous-système, une technique de redondance figee a consiste a implanter une colonne de pes de réserve, destines a remplacer les pes défaillants. Au niveau tranche entière, une technique de construction d'une cible maximale n'utilisant que des sous-systèmes s'appuient sur l'implantation d'un réseau de commutateurs permettant d'éviter les sous-systèmes défaillants. Une architecture originale des réseaux de commutateurs contrôle a partir des plots externes et des algorithmes efficaces de définition et construction du réseau opérationnel constituent les points forts de cette thèse

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22

Fredin, Evelina. "TIDPLANERING AV PROJEKTERINGSSKEDET I BIM-PROJEKT". Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93485.

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Syfte: Undersöka vilka möjligheter som finns, för projekteringsledaren, att optimera tidplaneringen i projekteringsskedet och på så sätt dra större fördel av att arbeta med BIM. Frågeställningar: Hur ser det planerade och faktiska aktivitetsflödet, eventuellt även informationsflödet, ut i några av WSP Managements redan utförda BIM-projekt? Vilka åsikter har olika roller i projekten om detta? Vilka problemområden upplever projekteringsledare att det finns i projekteringsskedet i ett BIM-projekt? Finns tendenser till flaskhalsar i vissa projekteringsfaser? Vilka tankar finns i branschen när det gäller möjligheten att tidplanera bättre i projekteringsskedet för att kunna dra större fördel av BIM? Går det att förena tidplanering av projekteringsskedet i BIM-projekt med andra redan inarbetade metoder? Metod: Insamlandet av fakta till detta examensarbete har skett genom en induktiv litteraturstudie samt intervjuer av kvalitativt slag. Slutsatser: De resultat som framkommit under examensarbetets gång tyder på att optimerad tidplanering av projekteringsskedet i ett BIM-projekt gör att det går att dra större fördel av att arbeta med BIM. Flera av de problem och flaskhalsar som nämns i intervjuerna visar att dessa kan förhindras med bättre tidplanering. Framförallt är det förarbetet, där nytta, mål och BIM-användning identifieras som framhävs som viktigt. Andra förutsättningar som nämns är högre engagemang från projekteringsledaren, att denne bör komma in i ett tidigt skede i projektet och bör samarbeta med någon som har stor kunskap och erfarenhet av BIM. Tidplanen för projekteringsskedet i ett BIM-projekt skiljer sig från dagens tidplan på så sätt att det är informationsleveranserna som kommer styra hur de olika aktiviteterna planeras istället för de handlingar som skapas idag. Samma metoder och program som används idag kan användas för tidplanering av ett BIM-projekt. Behovet av att bryta ner projektet i mindre delar för att studera relationen mellan de olika aktiviteterna och på så sätt skapa en fungerade tidplan kvarstår.
Purpose: Explore the possibilities to optimize the scheduling in the design phase to obtain greater benefits from working with BIM. Problems: What is the planned and actual work flow, possibly including the information flow, in some of WSP Management’s conducted BIM-projects? What are the opinions about this, from the different roles in the projects? Which problem areas are the managers of the design phase experiencing in the design phase of a BIM-project? Are there signs of bottlenecks in some of the stages? What are the thoughts in the industry regarding the possibility to improve the time scheduling of the design phase in order obtain greater benefits from working with BIM. Is it possible to use already established methods for the time scheduling of BIM-projects? Methods: The collection of data for this thesis has been done through an inductive literature review and qualitative interviews. Conclusions: The results from this thesis indicate that optimizing of scheduling leads to greater benefits from working with BIM. Several of the problems and bottle necks that are mentioned in the interviews shows that they could be prevented with better time scheduling. Above all it's the initial work, where the BIM goals and Uses are identified, that are mentioned as important. Other conditions mentioned are higher commitment from the design manager, that this person should come in at an early stage in the project and collaborate with someone who has extensive knowledge and experience of BIM. The schedule for the design phase in a BIM-project will be distinguished from today’s schedule in the way that the information delivery will control how the various activities are planned, instead of documents. The same methods and programs that are used today can be used for the scheduling of a BIM-project. The need for a break-down structure in order to study the relationship between the various activities still exists in order to make a functioning time schedule.

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23

Aldana, Gerardo. "Hydraulic behaviour and performance improvement of waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and a physical model". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2004. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843814/.

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A physical model and a computational fluid dynamic (cfd) model (HYDRO-3D) have been developed to simulate the effects of novel maturation pond configurations, inlet and outlet positions, channels and critical environmental factors (wind speed and direction) on the hydraulic efficiency of maturation ponds at a small sewage treatment works in southern England. The ponds form the final, polishing stage of an otherwise conventional percolating filter treatment works. The final effluent of the plant joins a stream that discharges directly to a bathing beach. Thus the overall objective of the project is to maximise the efficiency of pathogen indicator removal and meet European bathing water standards. The specific aim of the study reported here was to calibrate the physical model and to assess its reliability as a tool for assessing and predicting hydraulic performance of ponds. Work focused on the comparison of simulation outputs from the cfd model and full scale system performance in order to increase the reliability of both models as design tools. The full scale ponds under study comprised three parallel, tertiary stage maturation ponds. A Geopacks flow meter was used to calibrate the ratio of water and wind velocities in the full scale pond channels and the model. Additionally floats and novel drogues were used to measure low flow velocities within the physical model. Initial tracer experiments using salt and rhodamine-WT were conducted to define the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the physical model in still air and with top and bottom inlets and outlets. In the physical model the effect of back-mixing and dead zones can be readily observed and photographed, whereas this is more difficult to display in the outputs of computational models. Potential sources of disagreement are discussed in the thesis, but their concurrence suggests they both have a valuable role to play in the future design of ponds aimed at maximising hydraulic efficiency. The study also confirmed field observations which indicated that wind tends to be damaging rather than beneficial to pond performance.

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24

Hurat, Philippe. "APLYSIE : un circuit neuro-mimétique : réalisation et intégration sur tranche". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332382.

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Un algorithme récurrent de la phase de reconnaissance d'un réseau mono couches de Hopfield a été implante. Le problème lie à l'interconnexion complète des neurones a été implantée sur une architecture systolique 2d ou chaque processeur représente une interaction neurone/neurone. Un circuit intégré de 16 neurones, soit 256 synapses, a été réalisé en technologie CMOS. Un tel circuit permet d'effectuer plus d'un demi milliard d'opérations synaptiques par seconde

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25

Snombo, Kanyisa. "Factors affecting the implementation of the Water Services Provision (WSP) strategy at Amathole District Municipality (ADM)". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5533.

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Amathole District Municipality (ADM) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa changed its water service provision strategy in 2012 from decentralized to a centralized strategy as a way of trying to improve its water service delivery. Since this change, no study has been done to explore how the centralized water service strategy has so far been implemented at ADM. The aim of this exploratory qualitative study was to describe how ADM implemented its centralized water strategy and also assess the extent of alignment of strategy execution using Higgins’ (2005) 8 “S” model. Purposively, a total of five senior managers were identified and interviewed in East London as they were intimately involved in the daily operation of the water service provision over the years. Data gathered through audio recorded, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with each of the senior managers and also documented reports on Water Service Provision (WSP) were analyzed using thematic analysis into meaningful patterns reflecting each of the components of Higgins’ (2005) 8 “S” model. Findings of this qualitative study reveal that senior managers had different but complementary views of what strategy they were implementing at ADM. More importantly, the implementation of centralized water services provision model by ADM was characterized by deep and persistent vacancies of key technical but also managerial positions in the new structure. Furthermore while human and financial resources were inadequate to match with the depth and variety of changes necessary to have the requisite number of staff, ADM implemented the centralized water service strategy with poor skills mix which negatively impacted on quality of water service. While ADM had ten espoused shared values, none of these were commonly and widely shared by employees in their day-to-day world of work. Instead, employee’s behavior at ADM was practically shaped by the emergent values of cooperation, and employee care and recognition. Thus there was misalignment between espoused and practiced shared values. Furthermore there was also recurrent and deep misalignment between structure, staff, resources and water quality systems which compounded the difficulties experienced by ADM in pursuit of centralized water service provision. While the use of outsourced mechanical and electrical services was a remedy to staff shortages and the lack of skills mix, it ultimately further aggravated the financial challenges of ADM by draining more of the already limited financial resources. Recommendations for improving the implementation of centralized water service strategy and areas for further research are suggested.

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26

Beal, Aurélie. "Description et sélection de données en grande dimension". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4305/document.

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L'évolution des technologies actuelles permet de traiter un grand nombre d'expériences (ou de simulations) et d'envisager un nombre important de paramètres. Cette situation conduit à des matrices de grande, voire très grande, dimension et nécessite le développement de nouveaux outils pour évaluer et visualiser ces données et, le cas échéant, en réduire la dimension. L'évaluation de la qualité de l'information apportée par l'ensemble de points constituant une base de données ou un plan d'expériences peut se faire au travers de critères basés sur des calculs de distance, qui renseigneront sur l'uniformité de la répartition dans l'espace multidimensionnel. Parmi les méthodes de visualisation, l'Analyse en Composantes Curvilignes a l'avantage de projeter des données en grande dimension dans un espace bidimensionnel en préservant la topologie locale, ce qui peut aider à détecter des amas de points ou des zones lacunaires. La réduction de dimension s'appuie sur une sélection judicieuse de sous-ensembles de points ou de variables, via des algorithmes. Les performances de ces méthodes ont été évaluées sur des cas d'étude issus des études QSAR, de la spectroscopie et de la simulation numérique
Technological progress has now made many experiments (or simulations) possible, along with taking into account a large number of parameters, which result in (very) high-dimensional matrix requiring the development of new tools to assess and visualize the data and, if necessary, to reduce the dimension. The quality of the information provided by all points of a database or an experimental design can be assessed using criteria based on distances that will inform about the uniformity of repartition in a multidimensional space. Among the visualization methods, Curvilinear Component Analysis has the advantage of projecting high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space with respect to the local topology. This also enables the detection of clusters of points or gaps. The dimensional reduction is based on a judicious selection of subsets of points or variables, via accurate algorithms. The performance of these methods was assessed on case studies of QSAR, spectroscopy and numeric simulation

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27

Delgado, Villaverde Mayra Lisseth. "Aplicación de los indicadores del índice de sostenibilidad de cuencas (WSI) en las subcuencas del Río Mantaro". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13110.

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La protección del medio ambiente, en especial la preservación del agua, como parte del desarrollo sostenible, se convirtió en uno de los temas más importantes de las agendas políticas en los últimos años. Por lo tanto, resulta indispensable poder contar con herramientas que permitan cuantificar y calificar el grado de sostenibilidad del recurso agua en una región. Los índices de sostenibilidad son herramientas útiles para el planeamiento, gestión y educación en el ámbito de los recursos hídricos. Una de estas, es la conocida como Índice de Sostenibilidad de Cuencas (WSI), desarrollado por Chavez y Alipaz (2007). Este índice incluye en su formulación indicadores hidrológicos, ambientales, de vida y políticos, de esta forma, es posible identificar problemas hidrológicos, ambientales, sociales y políticos para luego decidir por una solución integrada. La presente investigación presenta la aplicación del índice WSI en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Mantaro. Esta es considerada como una de la más importante del país debido a su extensivo desarrollo en el sector agrícola y ganadero, actividades mineras y por ser una fuente de generación de energía eléctrica. El análisis se realiza en cada una de sus 23 subcuencas, la división en unidades menores permite evaluar regiones con características similares, ya que dependiendo de la ubicación donde se encuentren (norte, centro y sur de la cuenca) predominarán diferentes actividades productivas y diferentes concentraciones de la población. La evaluación se realiza entre el 2006 y 2010, en un contexto donde existe muy limitada disponibilidad de datos. Con ello, no se logra obtener una calificación del nivel de sostenibilidad de todas las subcuencas, a excepción de Chinchaycocha. Para el resto, se presenta un análisis de manera aislada de los indicadores hidrología-cantidad de agua, medio ambiente, vida y políticas públicas. En la subcuenca Chinchaycocha, se obtuvo el valor de 0.63, valor que la califica con una sostenibilidad intermedia. En la cuenca total del Mantaro, se obtuvieron los valores de 0.54 para el indicador de medio ambiente, 0.64 para el indicador de vida y 0.47 para el de políticas públicas. El indicador cantidad de agua muestra que existen subcuencas con niveles relativamente bajos de disponibilidad de agua. En el indicador de vida, si bien existe una evolución positiva en el IDH, existen subuencas que aún no sobrepasan los umbrales de desarrollo. Asimismo, se identificó que en el periodo de estudio no existían muchas herramientas para la gestión y conservación de los recursos, ya que a partir del 2009 con la Ley de Recursos Hídricos, se prioriza la regulación e implementación de la gestión integrada del agua en el país.
Tesis

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28

Ahlers, Elke [Verfasser]. "Leistung(sdruck), Arbeitssystem und Gesundheit. : Eine quantitativ empirische Auswertung der WSI-Betriebsrätebefragungen zu ergebnisorientierten Arbeitssystemen. / Elke Ahlers". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1238436323/34.

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Farrell, Sam Hanno. "Adaptive evolution in the Pseudomonas fluorescens Wsp signalling pathway : exploring the relationship between genetic cause and phenotypic effect". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adaptive-evolution-in-the-pseudomonas-fluorescens-wsp-signalling-pathway-exploring-the-relationship-between-genetic-cause-and-phenotypic-effect(d4fc7a28-6da0-477b-9315-34f4b4d71f76).html.

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When provided with spatial niches by growth in static nutrient medium, Pseudomonas fluorescens diversifies through adaptive radiation into several well-defined phenotype classes. One of these classes, named wrinkly spreader (WS) for its morphology on agar medium, forms a biofilm at the air-liquid interface through mutations in one of several loci including the genes wspF and awsX. These genes code for negative regulators of di-guanylate cyclases (DGCs). These DGCs catalyse synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP, a second messenger, overproduction of which effects physiological changes leading to overproduction of a cellulose polymer and the WS phenotype. Intriguingly, a diverse range of wspF mutations leads to diversity both in colony morphology and strain fitness.In this study, I investigate genetic and fitness diversity in wrinkly spreaders with the aim of identifying the causal factors that link genetic diversity and physiological factors with diversity in fitness. I approach the subject from several directions, examining the historical context of genetic diversity in wspF and awsX, distribution of control over output in the Wsp pathway and overall fitness effects of different causal factors. I investigate the genetic basis of wrinkly spreader evolution through generation of a large number of novel WS strains and exploration of the distribution of mutations in the wspF and awsX genes. In combination with this I calculate estimates of the past rates of mutation in these genes, derived from a phylogenetic investigation of a group of orthologues. I examine the response of the Wsp pathway to change in WspF function through a novel computational analysis that is capable of revealing valuable information on control in a biological system based purely on model structure. In addition I show how this analysis can be refined through specification of broad estimates of system parameters, thereby avoiding issues related to over-reliance on specific parameter values. Finally, I investigate the fitness implications of these factors, as well as a variety of others, through assays of fitness in a group of WS strains combined with machine learning analyses of predictive relationships between protein and mutation characteristics and experimentally measured strain fitness, and consider the implications of this analysis in the context of intermediate physiological effects.I find that mutations in the WspF protein that lead to the WS phenotype tend to be located in regions of historically strong conservation, the first time that any such pattern to WS mutations has been identified. Mutations in AwsX, on the other hand, do not fit such a pattern. Computational analysis of the Wsp pathway shows that, regardless of model parameters, pathway output is always more sensitive to changes in methylesterase activity by WspF than to changes in phosphorylation of WspF, which may explain the greater frequency of mutations fixed in vivo seen in the methylesterase domain. Despite these patterns, none of a wide range of mutation and sequence-based biochemical characteristics, including local rates of past evolution and size and position of mutations, exhibited any predictive power over WS fitness. Overall, the findings in this study point towards an essential role for complex pleiotropic effects in strongly modulating the fitness effect of different mutations in wspF.

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30

Brandt, Julia y Linnéa Svensson. "Approaching urban sustainability : - a minor field study in India". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-22079.

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This thesis aims to enable improved urban sustainability in India and has therefore been conducted at WSP’s office in Delhi. The objective has been to chart the Indian characteristics as well as to identify difficulties regarding urban sustainability. The purpose and objective have been accomplished through the implementation of three research questions. The questions have been answered by a literary review of existing theories and a complementary document analysis. Furthermore, a case study of a new development in India with long-term sustainability in focus of the design has been conducted. For an Indian city to achieve a sustainable urban development, five pillars of sustainability have been identified; political, physical, ecological, social and economic. The ecological, social and economic are pillars from the common definition of sustainability, however they have different meaning and focus in the Indian context. The physical and political pillars are therefore characteristic for the Indian urban development. The physical pillar is added in the Indian context since short term planning and focus on profit is dominating the building industry. The demand for maintenance is because of that larger than the supply which results in a need for more emphasis on the physical built environment. The political pillar is applied because of the concerns for the value and quality of governance actions. It affects the four other pillars since the government should provide guidance, both with instructions and by executions, which is not always apparent. The Indian government has introduced several strategies in order to achieve sustainability in Indian cities. Rating tools for sustainability, such as Leed and Griha, together with the planning of spatial city forms, such as compact city form and mixed land use, which are the main procedures. Benefits in terms of lower interest rates on loans and a quicker clearance are given to developers who intend to build sustainably. Though the many theories and strategies seem ambitious, they are not always as effective when translated into practice. This is partly because of the lack of follow-up and partly the clients focus on quick profit. Thus, India is facing many challenges in order to reach a sustainable urban development. Together with urbanisation and growth in population, corruption is the main challenge since many other follows. These are lack of awareness in the field of sustainability, short term planning and the focus on profit as well as public safety and poverty. If India is serious about developing its cities sustainably, it is significant for the Indian government to take an inspiring role in using and promoting sustainability.

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31

Antoš, Zdeněk. "Příprava a charakterizace nástřiků hydroxyapatitu deponovaných technologii hybridního vodou-stabilizovaného plazmového hořáku z vodných roztoků". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377876.

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Hydroxyapatite coatings have been used as a barrier between a metal core of replacement and living tissue for long time in medicine. Plasma spray is a typical technology for preparation these coatings. This thesis concerns a new plasma spray technology with hybrid system of arc stabilization (WSP-H). Simultaneously it uses an innovative method of feeding the initial material in a form of water suspension (SPPS). The aim of this thesis was to produce water solutions of hydroxyapatite and make coatings with WSP-H. These coatings were characterized in terms of their morfology, chemical and phase composition. Their biocompatibility was tested by a cultivation and an analysis of RAW 264.7 and MG-63 cells. The coatings made by SPPS have a very rough surface which is suitable for biological application. The biocompatibility testing discovered that the coatings will by tolerated in a human body very well. This method of production of hydroxyapatite coatings could be a good replacement of older methods after a better optimalisation of the processing parameters and after reaching purity of coating.

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32

Favoretto, Marcio. "Deposição e caracterização de filmes finos de We WSi e estudo da estabilidade termica do contato Schottky sobre GaAs". [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259231.

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Orientador: Jacobus Willibrordus Swart
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo das características físicas e elétricas de filmes finos de tungstênio (W) e siliceto de tungstênio (WSix) em função dos par âmetros de deposição por técnica de "sputtering" tipo RF magnetron. Os filmes finos. com espessura de aproximadamente 200 nm, foram depositados sobre substratos de GaAs e SiO 2/Si. As deposições foram feitas com pressão-base pressão-residual) de cerca de 6.10 Torr. Os parâmetros de deposição eram a pressão de Ar (argônio) e a potência RF, com variação de 5 a 50 mTorr e 300 a 700 Watts, respectivamente. Os filmes foram caracterizados quanto à resistividade (4-pontas), fase do filme (XRD) e composição (AES), sem recozimento e após tratamento térmico por RTA ("Rapid Thermal Annealing"). Diodos W/GaAs e WSi x/GaAs foram fabricados por processo fotográfico e "plasma etching, definindo portas Schottky de 200 µ de diâmetro sobre substrato de GaAs tipo n. (100) e resistividade 10-1 ? cm Cn =; 1.6.10145 cm-a). A estabilidade térmica dos diodos foi estudada recozendo diferentes amostras por RTA em diferentes condições. Estes recozimentos foram realizados em ambiente com sobre-pressão de arsênio eAs). O uso de pressão de Ar elevada durante a deposição resultou em filmes de aIta resistividade fase ß W) e diodos fabricados a partir destes filmes apresentaram baixa estabilidade o térmica Caté aproximadamente 600 C). Filmes de W de baixa resistividade (fase ? -W) foram obtidos reduzindo os valores dos parâmetros de deposição. Diodos fabricados com estes filmes o que apresentaram estabilidade térmica até 820 C/1Os ou 850 C/5s. com altura de barreira de 0.77 eV e fator de idealidade de 1.06
Abstract: This dissertation presents a study of the physical and electrical characteristics of W and WSi x thin films as a function of the deposition parameters, done RF magnetron sputtering. Thin films of about 200 nm thickness were deposited on GaAs and SiO/2Si substrates. The depositions were done after a base-pressure of about 6.10-7 Torr was achieved. The deposition parameters were Ar pressure and RF power, varying from 6 to 50 mTorr and 300 to 700 Watts, respectively. The films were characterized about resistivity C4-point probe), phases CXRD) and composition CAES). before and after rapid thermal annealing CRTA) treatments. W/GaAs and WSi x/GaAs diodes were fabricated using photography procedure and plasma etching for definition of Schotlky gales with 200 µ diameter, on n type. (100). GaAs substrates with resistivity of 10-1 Ocm (n = 1016 cm-3). The thermal stabilily of lhe diodes was studied by annealing different samples by RTA in different conditions. These annealing were performed under an arsenic over-pressure ambient. The deposition of W under high Ar pressure produced films of high resistivity (ß phase) and diodes with low thermal slability (about 600 C). W films of low resistivity (?-W( phase) were obtained after reducing the pressure and power af the deposition process. The diodes made with these films presented a thermal slability up to 820"C/10s or 850"C/5s wilh barrier heighl of 0.77 eV and ideallity factor of 1.06
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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33

Santiago, Jenny. "Développement de nouveaux plans d'expériences uniformes adaptés à la simulation numérique en grande dimension". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4302.

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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie pour des études en simulation numérique en grande dimension. Elle se décline en différentes étapes : construction de plan d'expériences approprié, analyse de sensibilité et modélisation par surface de réponse. Les plans d'expériences adaptés à la simulation numérique sont les "Space Filling Designs", qui visent à répartir uniformément les points dans l'espace des variables d'entrée. Nous proposons l'algorithme WSP pour construire ces plans, rapidement, avec de bons critères d'uniformité, même en grande dimension. Ces travaux proposent la construction d'un plan polyvalent, qui sera utilisé pour les différentes étapes de l'étude : de l'analyse de sensibilité aux surfaces de réponse. L'analyse de sensibilité sera réalisée avec une approche innovante sur les points de ce plan, pour détecter le sous-ensemble de variables d'entrée réellement influentes. Basée sur le principe de la méthode de Morris, cette approche permet de hiérarchiser les variables d'entrée selon leurs effets. Le plan initial est ensuite "replié" dans le sous-espace des variables d'entrée les plus influentes, ce qui nécessite au préalable une étude pour vérifier l'uniformité de la répartition des points dans l'espace réduit et ainsi détecter d'éventuels amas et/ou lacunes. Ainsi, après réparation, ce plan est utilisé pour l'étape ultime : étude de surfaces de réponse. Nous avons alors choisi d'utiliser l'approche des Support Vector Regression, indépendante de la dimension et rapide dans sa mise en place. Obtenant des résultats comparables à l'approche classique (Krigeage), cette technique semble prometteuse pour étudier des phénomènes complexes en grande dimension
This thesis proposes a methodology of study in numeric simulation for high dimensions. There are several steps in this methodology : setting up an experimental design, performing sensitivity analysis, then using response surface for modelling. In numeric simulation, we use a Space Filling Design that scatters the points in the entire domain. The construction of an experimental design in high dimensions must be efficient, with good uniformity properties. Moreover, this construction must be fast. We propose using the WSP algorithm to construct such an experimental design. This design is then used in all steps of the methodology, making it a versatile design, from sensitivity analysis to modelling. A sensitivity analysis allows identifying the influent factors. Adapting the Morris method principle, this approach classifies the inputs into three groups according to their effects. Then, the experimental design is folded over in the subspace of the influent inputs. This action can modify the uniformity properties of the experimental design by creating possible gaps and clusters. So, it is necessary to repair it by removing clusters and filling gaps. We propose a step-by-step approach to offer suitable repairing for each experimental design. Then, the repaired design is used for the final step: modelling from the response surface. We consider a Support Vector Machines method because dimension does not affect the construction. Easy to construct and with good results, similar to the results obtained by Kriging, the Support Vector Regression method is an alternative method for the study of complex phenomena in high dimensions

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34

Mager, Ann-Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Die diagnostische Sicherheit und Effizienz der WSI-Telepathologie anhand des Telepathologischen Konsultationsservices T.Konsult Pathologie im Rahmen des Brustkrebsscreeningprogrammes / Ann-Kathrin Mager". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023234122/34.

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Nasreddine, Bassam. "Conception d'une mémoire reconfigurable intégrée sur tranche". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327331.

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L'objet de cette étude est la conception d'une mémoire statique intégrée sur tranche (4.5 mbits). Cette mémoire réalisée à partir de cellules de 64kbits est tolérante aux défauts de fin de fabrication. Des éléments en réserve remplacent les éléments défectueux à l'aide des connexions du type grille flottante fets ou fusible et antifusible. Le travail de recherche a consisté:
-à étudier la faisabilité de cette mémoire
-à définir l'architecture d'une telle mémoire en tenant compte du rendement
-à définir une stratégie de test pour l'ensemble du circuit
-à étudier les dispositifs de connexion/déconnexion qui permettront de réaliser physiquement la mémoire finale -à développer des algorithmes de configuration qui détermineront les groupes de cellules en paquets de 256kbits.
Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet Esprit-824. Un premier essai de fabrication a permis de caractériser les dispositifs de connexion. La mémoire de 4.5 mbits a été envoyée en fabrication fin 1987

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36

Wienand, Ina. "Entwicklung eines GIS- und QRA-basierten Wassersicherheitsplans (WSP) als ein Instrument des Ressourcenschutzes in Trinkwassereinzugsgebieten unter Berücksichtigung veränderter Gefährdungspotenziale für die Trinkwasserversorgung /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980574404.

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37

OGIER, MONNIER KARINE. "Remplacement du tasi 2 par wsi 2 pour la realisation des grilles des transistors des cellules des memoires eeprom : optimisation du procede". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10049.

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L'objectif de ce travail de these a consiste a qualifier et optimiser le depot des grilles des memoires eeprom en polycide de tungstene. Ces grilles sont destinees a remplacer les grilles en polycide de tantale. Les etudes realisees sur les structures de test ont permis d'etablir que les capacites mos avec une grille en ta-polycide presentent une meilleure resistance a l'injection d'electrons et que les cellules memoires presentent une meilleure endurance. Malgre ces avantages, il a ete decide d'introduire le siliciure de tungstene pour tenter d'ameliorer la fiabilite des memoires eeprom. Deux chimies de depot des couches de siliciure de tungstene ont ete comparees : la premiere utilise la reduction du monosilane (sih 4) par l'hexafluorure de tungstene (procede ms), la seconde utilise la reduction du dichlorosilane (sih 2cl 2) par l'hexafluorure de tungstene (procede dcs). La comparaison des deux procedes pour des dispositifs realises avec des oxydes de grille et tunnel sec a montre que ce dernier presente un certain nombre d'avantages en ce qui concerne les caracteristiques du depot obtenu. Par contre, les performances de la memoire n'ont pas ete suffisantes pour le retenir. Le procede ms a alors ete retenu. Les etudes precedentes pour determiner la chimie de depot optimale du siliciure de tungstene pour remplacer le siliciure de tantale ont fait apparaitre la necessite d'optimiser certaines etapes du procede de fabrication : croissance de l'oxyde tunnel, optimisation du depot de la couche de silicium dope, optimisation du rapport des epaisseurs des deux couches qui constituent le polycide de tungstene, gravure des espaceurs, recuit oxydant du siliciure les differentes etudes menees sur les etapes technologiques decrites auparavant ont permis de definir un procede de fabrication qui ameliore les performances des memoires non volatiles de type eeprom.

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38

Tarasovičová, Nikola. "Letecká meteorologická data". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254230.

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This master thesis emphasizes the importance of aviation meteorological data for flight planning and for making inflight strategic decisions. It describes conventional ways of obtaining meteorological data before and during the flight. It provides the overview of alternative ways of acquiring weather related information. The master thesis compares how hazardous meteorological phenomena - thunderstorms, turbulence and icing - are displayed within the described commercial products.

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39

Wahlberg, Magda. "Varför lyckas sociala rörelser? : En jämförelse av de kvinnliga rösträttsrörelserna WSPU:s och LKPR:s organisation". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186452.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether organizational factors can influence the success of social movements. This is accomplished through a qualitative comparative case study where the women's suffrage movements, Women's Social and Political Union and Landsföreningen för Kvinnans Politiska Rösträtt are compared. The study also aims to increase the understanding and knowledge of the two movements' organization and exercise to answer the question, why both movements succeeded. The study provides an in-depth picture of how the female suffrage movements worked and the similarities and differences between the movements. Finally, the study finds that the organization of the movements did impact the outcome of the movements and can thus explain the success of WSPU and LKPR.

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40

Noghani, Waheed Bazazan. "An investigation into the implementation of a cost-effective ASP architecture using VLSI and WSI technologies and its effect on modular-MPC systems". Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295196.

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Boubekeur, Ahmed. "Conception d'architectures intégrées de traitement d'image de bas niveau". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341394.

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42

Lima, Marcos Ant?nio de. "Estrat?gias para elabora??o de um plano de seguran?a da ?gua para abastecimento humano do munic?pio do Natal/RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15973.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This research study deals with the production and distribution of drinking water with quality and safety in order to meet the needs of the Man. Points out the limitations of the methodology for assessing water quality in use today. Approaches the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for adoption, by the companies responsible for producing and distributing water, of assessment methodologies and risk management (HACCP), in order to ensure the quality and safety of water drinking. Suggests strategies for implementing the plan for water safety plan. Uses the process of water production, composed by Maxaranguape river basin, the water treatment plant and distribution system, which is part of the Plan for Expansion of the Supply System of Natal, as case study. The results, it was possible to devise strategies for implementation of the Water Safety Plan (WSP), which comprises the following steps: a) a preliminary stage. b) assessment system. c) process monitoring. d) management plan and e) validation and verification of the PSA. At each stage are included actions for its implementation. The implementation of the PSA shows a new type of water production, in which the fountain as a whole (watershed and point of capture), the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and distribution, shall compose the production process, over which to build quality and safety of the final product (drinking water)
A pesquisa trata da an?lise da produ??o e distribui??o de ?gua pot?vel com qualidade e seguran?a de modo a atender as necessidades do Homem. Aborda as recomenda??es da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (OMS) para a ado??o, por parte das empresas respons?veis pela produ??o e distribui??o de ?gua, de metodologias de avalia??o e gest?o de riscos (APPCC), com o objetivo de garantir a qualidade e a inocuidade da ?gua pot?vel. Sugere estrat?gias para implanta??o do plano de seguran?a da ?gua. Utiliza o processo de produ??o de ?gua, composto pela bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Maxaranguape, a esta??o de tratamento de ?gua e o sistema de distribui??o, que faz parte do Plano de Expans?o do Sistema de Abastecimento do munic?pio do Natal - RN, como estudo de caso. Nos resultados obtidos, foi poss?vel tra?ar estrat?gias para implanta??o do Plano de Seguran?a da ?gua (PSA), que compreende as seguintes etapas: a) etapa preliminar. b) avalia??o do sistema. c) monitoramento do processo, d) plano de gest?o e e) Valida??o e verifica??o do PSA. Em cada etapa est?o inseridas a??es para sua implanta??o. A implanta??o do PSA mostra um novo modelo de produ??o de ?gua, no qual, o manancial como um todo (bacia hidrogr?fica e o ponto de capta??o), a Esta??o de Tratamento de ?gua (ETA) e a distribui??o, passa a compor o processo de produ??o, ao longo do qual se constr?i a qualidade e seguran?a do produto final (?gua pot?vel)

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43

Rashidi, Ehsan. "Förstudier av kommersiella fastigheter : En analys av arbetssätt ur ett projektledarperspektiv". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7654.

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This thesis is written at WSP management and investigates the practice of pre-project planning and feasibility studies at Swedish construction companies, through the study of the ongoing feasibility study of the mall Sturegallerian in Stockholm, and through interviews with experienced project managers in the construction industry. There is currently a big span in the way Swedish construction companies plan the pre-project phase and the aim of this thesis is to present a more generic and standardized way that helps minimize project risks and maximize efficiency and profit.

The result is a generic model which can be used in pre-project planning. The model describes the phases in the preproject planning process and the activities that span these phases. Is also describes the categories of professions that need to participate in the preproject planning group and which activities that each profession executes.

The other result is a list of factors that need to be considered for a well performed pre-project phase, as found during the interviews. Among others the thesis stresses the importance of involving the client as a key participant in the process. The importance of testing the profitability of the idea is also being discussed. The interviews also indicated that the pre-project phase is not linear but rather transactional and that the original alternatives presented to the client lead to new client desires and requirements.

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44

Atay, Itri. "Water Resources Management in Greece : Perceptions about Water Problems in the Nafplion Area". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85379.

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45

Jones, Simon Richard. "Investigation into the wafer-scale integration of fine-grain parallel processing computer systems". Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11135.

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This thesis investigates the potential of wafer-scale integration (WSI) for the implementation of low-cost fine-grain parallel processing computer systems. As WSI is a relatively new subject, there was little work on which to base investigations. Indeed, most WSI architectures existed only as untried and sometimes vague proposals. Accordingly, the research strategy approached this problem by identifying a representative WSI structure and architecture on which to base investigations. An analysis of architectural proposals identified associative memory to be general purpose parallel processing component used in a wide range of WSI architectures. Furthermore, this analysis provided a set of WSI-level design requirements to evaluate the sustainability of different architectures as research vehicles. The WSI-ASP (WASP) device, which has a large associative memory as its main component is shown to meet these requirements and hence was chosen as the research vehicle. Consequently, this thesis addresses WSI potential through an in-depth investigation into the feasibility of implementing a large associative memory for the WASP device that meets the demanding technological constraints of WSI. Overall, the thesis concludes that WSI offers significant potential for the implementation of low-cost fine-grain parallel processing computer systems. However, due to the dual constraints of thermal management and the area required for the power distribution network, power density is a major design constraint in WSI. Indeed, it is shown that WSI power densities need to be an order of magnitude lower than VLSI power densities. The thesis demonstrates that for associative memories at least, VLSI designs are unsuited to implementation in WSI. Rather, it is shown that WSI circuits must be closely matched to the operational environment to assure suitable power densities. These circuits are significantly larger than their VLSI equivalents. Nonetheless, the thesis demonstrates that by concentrating on the most power intensive circuits, it is possible to achieve acceptable power densities with only a modest increase in area overheads.

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46

Mareš, Jiří. "Modifikace charakteru rozhraní substrát-nástřik vrstev deponovaných technologiemi žárového nanášení pomocí technologie elektronového paprsku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231939.

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Tato práce je zaměřena na modifikaci charakteru rozhraní substrát-nástřik NiCrAlY povlaků nanesených pomocí technologie vodou stabilizované plazmy na substráty z oceli S235JRC+C. Přetavení žárové vrstvy elektronovým paprskem bylo zvoleno jako technologie pro modifikaci a dvě různé modifikace byly zkoumány. V práci byl proveden pokus o stanovení vlivu modifikací na adhezní vlastnosti nástřiku. Dále jsou v práci prezentovány analýzy mikrostruktury, fázového a chemického složení a mikrotvrdosti ve stavu před a po modifikaci. Během studie bylo zjištěno, že dochází ke změnám fázového složení jak během depozice, tak během modifikace elektronovým paprskem. Modifikace elektronovým paprskem způsobila roztavení oxidů původní mikrostruktury nástřiku, které následně rekrystalizovaly na povrchu modifikované vrstvy. Dalším získaným poznatkem bylo, že dochází ke snížení mikrotvrdosti po modifikaci, což bylo způsobeno odstraněním oxidů z mikrostruktury a promícháním materiálu substrátu a původního nástřiku. Adheze nástřiků v as sprayed stavu byla kvantifikována. V případě nástřiků modifikovaných elektronovým paprskem přesná kvantifikace nebyla možná, z důvodu předčasného porušení na rozhraní nástřik-adhezivní pojivo během adhezních testů.

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47

Baumann, Helge [Verfasser], Jörg-Peter [Gutachter] Schräpler y Cornelia [Gutachter] Weins. "Datenqualität in CATI-Befragungen : Nonresponse, Nonresponse Bias und Befragtenverhalten im WSI-Betriebsrätepanel 2015-2016 und im DGB-Index "Gute Arbeit" 2013 / Helge Baumann ; Gutachter: Jörg-Peter Schräpler, Cornelia Weins ; Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaft". Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163452041/34.

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Slavíková, Barbora. "Struktura a vlastnosti tepelných bariér typu YSZ nanesených na krycí vrstvy CoNiCrAlY přetavené elektronovým paprskem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400863.

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The master thesis is dealing with characterization of the structure and properties of the YSZ thermal barrier coating deposited by water hybrid plasma spray technology on the CoNiCrAlY bond coats modified by using electron beam and vacuum annealing. Deposition of the bond coats was performed via high velocity oxy-fuel technology and cold spray. In case of experimental evaluation, the microstructure and chemical composition of the ceramic top coat deposited with powder and suspension feedstock was analyzed. The same analysis procedure was used also for bond coats after electron beam remelting by using two sets of parameters. Furthermore, the changes in microstructure and chemical composition of the remelted and annealed bond coats was evaluated. Eventually, the micromechanical properties of the top coats and the bond coats were measured. The ceramic top coats deposited with powder feedstock exhibited the structure composed by splats, while the top coats deposited in form of suspension showed fine structure with columnar grains. The dendritic structure was observed on remelted bond coats. The annealing process had an influence on the structure in form of coarsened phases and the chemical composition was changed due to diffusion of the elements.

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49

Åberg, Amanda. "Rice yields under water-saving irrigation management : A meta-analysis". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146786.

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Water scarcity combined with an increasing world population is creating pressure to develop new methods for producing food using less water. Rice is a staple crop with a very high water demand. This study examined the success in maintaining yields under water-saving irrigation management, including alternate wetting and drying (AWD). A meta-analysis was conducted examining yields under various types of water-saving irrigation compared to control plots kept under continuous flooding. The results indicated that yields can indeed be maintained under AWD as long as the field water level during the dry cycles is not allowed to drop below -15 cm, or the soil water potential is not allowed to drop below -10 kPa. Yields can likewise be maintained using irrigation intervals of 2 days, but the variability increases. Midseason drainage was not found to affect yield, though non-flooded conditions when maintained throughout most of the crop season appeared to be detrimental to yields. Increasingly negative effects on yields were found when increasing the severity of AWD or the length of the drainage periods. Potential benefits and drawbacks of water-saving irrigation management with regards to greenhouse gas emissions, soil quality and nutrient losses were discussed to highlight the complexity of the challenges of saving water in rice production.

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50

Alexander, Malcolm Charles. "Assessing participation of small fishing companies in the Transport Education Training Authority (TETA): identifying fault lines and potential responses to increase participation". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7730.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The study focusses on the transport sector, where company participation level is measured at approximately 20% of levy paying enterprises, and this level is mostly based on relatively high levels of participation from large and medium sized companies. The study explores the relationship between SETAs (sector education training authorities) and the companies within the sectors they are mandated to serve by researching the TETA maritime sub sector. The research focus is on small companies and the focus is specifically on the low rate of participation of smaller entities in the skills development landscape. The consequences of the lack of participation are investigated and the study concludes that the SETAs ability to effectively research its sector skills, as well as the SETAs ability to provide effective skills planning in support of the national agenda, are both negatively affected by current levels of poor participation. The research was conducted on small fishing companies registered with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA), in order to determine the reasons for low participation in the government mandatory grant scheme. The research is survey based across participating small companies and non-participating small companies.

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