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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Written chats"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Written chats"

Madoyan, Narine. "The Language of Synchronous and Asynchronous Interactions of EMC". Armenian Folia Anglistika 9, n.º 1-2 (11) (15 de octubre de 2013): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2013.9.1-2.089.

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The article examines the peculiar features of EMC, namely through the comparison of the linguistic and paralinguistic expressions of e-mails and chats. The analysis of the factual material reveals that the language of e-mails possesses certain similarities (syntactic, semantic, structural) with written speech. The abovementioned similarities cannot be viewed as standard practice since the language of e-mails often contains certain elements typical of both written and oral speech. The language of chats, on the other hand, can be defined as a form of internet expression of oral speech. It is noteworthy, that the emotions and feelings of the participants are expressed through a special sign system.

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Dharma, Hendy Reginald Cuaca, Cecilia A. Sandjojo y Abdul A. T. Kariko. "The Mark Usage as Message Nuances in Digital Chat Communication Between Japanese and Indonesian Written Communication". Asian Journal of Applied Education (AJAE) 2, n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2023): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ajae.v2i2.3697.

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Exclamation mark or kantanfu in Japanese, is one of written language elements used to convey expressions. Based on exclamation mark usage, the meaning and nuance of a sentence could differ. Amidst the COVID19 pandemic that limits one’s interaction to another, the frequency of digital communication has significantly increased. Digital communication through chats has become an activity that cannot be separated from everyday life. Therefore, it is important to understand exclamation marks correctly. The aim of this study is to avoid misunderstandings that could happen through chats in Japanese. This study will compare the use and interpretation of exclamation marks in Japanese chat between Indonesians and Japanese. Japanese chat messages containing exclamation marks were analyzed using Hymes’ SPEAKING theory. This study uses Creswell's convergent mixed methods, with quantitative data of Indonesians’ questionnaire survey results, and qualitative data of interviews with Japanese people. Study results show that there are differences in the use and function of exclamation marks between Indonesians and Japanese.

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Alber, Birgit, Jennifer-Carmen Frey, Aivars Glaznieks, Alexander Glück y Joachim Kokkelmans. "Verschriftungsprinzipien im geschriebenen Dialekt: WhatsApp-Nachrichten aus Südtirol". Linguistik Online 127, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2024): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.127.11087.

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Although the orthographic norm of the standard language has dominated most written registers of German, social media and other non-standardized digital contexts have recently given rise to the written use of dialects and vernaculars in informal communication. The written use of non-standard dialects is especially wide-spread in the south of the German-speaking area, e. g. in Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria and South Tyrol, where various studies have reported the use of dialectal forms in digital contexts such as Chatrooms, WhatsApp or Facebook (cf. Christen 2004; Glaznieks/Frey 2018). Using a corpus of South Tyrolean WhatsApp chats with corresponding audio recordings of the chat authors retelling the chat contents, we analyze four phonetic-phonological phenomena of Tyrolean dialects, characteristic of the southern German-speaking area: pre-consonantal s-retraction, the neutralization of the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in word-initial position, vowels undergoing umlaut or unrounding and the realisation of r in the coda of unstressed syllables. In particular, we analyze if and how these phenomena of the dialect are represented in the written form. The results show that Standard German graphematic conventions form the basis for most dialect spellings in WhatsApp chats. However, they are sometimes abandoned for the benefit of spellings that explicitly represent dialectal pronunciations. Interestingly, in some cases these dialectal spellings do not correspond to the pronunciation of the writers who, instead, opt for a pronunciation closer to that of the standard language.

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Prayogo, Agus y Lulut Widyaningrum. "WhatsApp-Mediated Language Teachers’ Reflection of Classroom Practice: Experience of Indonesian Context". IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 4, n.º 1 (15 de noviembre de 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i1.315.

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This qualitative case study examines language teachers’ reflective practice mediated by WhatsApp application and addresses the topics mostly reflected in the eight topics of classroom practice and the problems faced. A total of 537 entries of chats written, the most common topic of reflection entries is about general teaching approaches. Time restraint and writing chats in English become significant problems of the reflective practice. The practice has provided an online environment that lets teachers interact and share with colleagues to construct knowledge and evaluate teaching practice that beneficial for teacher professional development. Teachers have gained benefits from online reflection collaboration with other teachers, but most of them take into account the need for an online reflection setting that gives freedom to use the language that they are comforted with

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Müller, Marvin, Nicholas Frick y Joachim Metternich. "Wissen aus betrieblichen Chats nachhaltig nutzen/Results of the transfer project „text analyses in company practice – TexPrax“. Sustainable use of knowledge from company chats". wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, n.º 01-02 (2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-01-02-97.

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Wertvolles Wissen wird in zahlreichen Prozessen auf dem Shopfloor schriftlich festgehalten. Dies geschieht in formalen Prozessen wie dem Shopfloor Management oder in informeller, direkter Kommunikation, die verstärkt über Chats abläuft. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie diese Daten wertschöpfend genutzt werden können, wie Unternehmen und Beschäftigte auf die Analyse von Wissenselementen aus Chat-Applikationen reagieren und wie Unternehmen sich in die Ausgestaltung der Anwendungen einbringen können.   Valuable knowledge is written down in numerous processes on the shop floor. This takes place in formal processes such as shop floor management or in informal, direct communication, which is increasingly going on via chats. This article shows how this data can be used to add value, how companies and employees react to the analysis of knowledge elements from chat applications and how companies can get involved in the design of the applications.

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Ali, Jamal, S. Imtiaz Hasnain y M. Salim Beg. "Effects of Phonological Features on Texting Styles: Future Directions". Journal of English Studies in Arabia Felix 1, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56540/jesaf.v1i1.19.

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This paper aims to investigate the effect of phonological features on online written text messages. Data were collected from ninety ESL Indian students at Aligarh Muslim University with regards to their Facebook-based chats. The dataset was fed into SPSS for analysis. Major findings showed that the respondents tend to use vowel deletion, the substitution of numbers for phones, words represented by a single letter and overuse of sounds to represent phonology in their written text messages. With this in mind, the study yielded evidence that texting reverses the previous studies that spelling first and then phonology. That is to say, this study revealed that phonology affects the way of writing online text messages. This study also showed that phonology is used in the written forms and that Facebook users sometimes reject to follow the standard spelling of English and write the words as they are pronounced, not as they are written in standard English. Keywords: internet linguistics, netSpeak, phonetic spelling, phonological features, textSpeak, Webspeak

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Chijioke, Dorathy Ijeoma y Michael Alozie Nwala. "Chat Language and the Challenges of Students in Written Composition". Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature 19, n.º 2 (27 de mayo de 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/celt.v19i2.2278.

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With the prevalence of the internet and social network platforms in this digital age, most people opt for text messages as a fast and convenient means of communication and prefer real-time online chats to face-to-face social interactions. The cyber language is replete with writing errors that are not conventionally acceptable in academic writing and which can impede comprehension in some cases. As teenage participation in this new media increases, this study investigated the impact of chat language on the written composition of senior secondary school students who are prospective candidates for O’level and or A’level examinations. Data were generated from the students’ written essay scripts and analysed using Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar as the theoretical framework. The study adopted the quantitative and qualitative research methods in which 842 senior secondary 2 and 3 (SS2 and SS3) students of selected schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, are the population. The result revealed that online chat language and text-based messages mostly affect students’ writings in mechanical accuracy and expression. The study therefore recommended that the negative effects of the social media on the students’ writings should be checked in schools.

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Bruns, Thomas. "Пунктуационные знаки и смайлики – объединяющие и разделяющие функции в цифровой коммуникации". Język i Metoda 7 (2021): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23919981jm.21.018.14250.

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This article aims to give an overview of similarities and differences in the function and use of smileys and emojis on the one hand and punctuation marks on the other hand in digital communication. It becomes clear that the traditional punctuation marks in their current use and the relatively new graphic symbols used in chats, messengers and forums are not so different at all, but show certain similarities, in that they can supplement, modify or even completely replace the written message itself.

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Палкова, Анна Викторовна. "CONCEPTUAL ORALITY AND LITERACY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NETWORK IDENTITY". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, n.º 2(69) (1 de junio de 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2021.2.064.

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В данной статье рассматриваются особенности формирования сетевой идентичности и самопрезентации в условиях «коммуникации от клавиатуры к экрану», которая условно располагается в континууме между «медиальной письменностью» и «концептуальной устностью». Общение в чатах, мессенджерах и социальных сетях осуществляется в условиях функционирования «вторичной устности» This article is devoted to the construction of network identity and self-presentation under the conditions of «keyboard-to-screen communication», which takes place in the continuum between «medial written communication» and «conceptual oral communication». The interaction in chats, messengers and social networks is carried out in the context of «secondary orality».

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Mojeiko, Marina A. "Language of web: bynet discourse and Belarusian netspeak". Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-1-71-79.

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It is proved that the modern Internet space creates a fundamentally new communication environment (social networks, chats, etc.), the capabilities of which, in turn, act as a trigger for linguistic transformations. It is the language of Internet communications that is today the field where new trends in language development are most actively formed. The functioning of the language in the network gives rise to a number of new phenomena. So, Internet discourse gives rise to such phenomena as massive abbreviations and an abundance of neologisms (including game ones), acronyms and backronyms, syngrahemics and supragrahemics, interlanguage hybrids, new tools for expressing subject-subject relations (formulas of politeness, for example) and many others. This poses new problems for both linguistics and philosophy of language. For example, it is shown that in the context of Internet communications, the classic dichotomy of verbal speech and written forms of language is blurred: on the one hand, in chats and forums, the language is formally represented by written texts, on the other – interactive dialogues actually set living one-time communication, which allows one to speak simultaneously, interrupt the interlocutor, respond immediately, etc., and all these are characteristic of verbal speech. It is concluded that if until now the main presenter of language in culture has clearly been fiction as embodying the established norm of the correct language, then today language practices (usus) come to the fore, reflecting the trends of linguistic evolution that are forming in the present continuous, that sets a new accentuation in modern culture, namely the prevalence of descriptive linguistics over prescriptive.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Written chats"

Ho, Wing-see Cecilia y 何穎思. "The use of Cantonese sentence-final particles in ICQ chats". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26893629.

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Auguste, Jérémy. "Analyse du discours conversationnel dans le cadre de communications médiées par ordinateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0228.

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Les dialogues ont une place importante dans la société et celle-ci s’accroît au fur et à mesure que la technologie progresse. Il existe de plus en plus d'outils pour dialoguer à distance permettant la collecte d'une masse importante de données, utilisables pour réaliser différentes analyses et divers systèmes automatiques.L'analyse du discours conversationnel est une réponse partielle pour comprendre certains aspects de la production du langage dans les dialogues. Une telle analyse permet de caractériser les interactions entre les messages d'un dialogue et ainsi faire ressortir les différents enjeux ou d'identifier les échanges nécessaires pour faire progresser le dialogue.Produire ces analyses est une tâche complexe. Le nombre important de théories d'analyse du discours illustre bien la complexité pour un humain à définir des structures discursives modélisant l'ensemble des interactions. Ceci rend la production d'un grand corpus annoté très coûteuse et le peu de données annotées rend difficile l'utilisation d'algorithmes d'apprentissage supervisés.Dans cette thèse, je propose de produire des représentations du discours conversationnel en s'appuyant sur peu de données annotées discursivement. La thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'ANR DATCHA me donnant accès à un grand corpus de tchats provenant de l'entreprise Orange. Ce corpus me permet d'explorer plusieurs stratégies pour produire des représentations du discours: s'appuyer sur un modèle bout-en-bout prédisant la satisfaction des clients; se fonder sur des annotations en actes de dialogue pour produire des plongements de phrases; utiliser des algorithmes supervisés sur un corpus enrichi automatiquement
Dialogues are a central part of human society, and technological improvements only strengthen their use in more and more situations. Additional tools used to communicate from a distance allow the collection of large amounts of data, which can be used to produce various analyses and automatic systems.Conversational discourse analysis is a partial response to understand some aspects of language production in dialogues. It is used to characterize the different interactions between the messages of a dialogue, and thus highlight the different issues or identify the exchanges that are needed to solve the dialogue's main objectives.Discourse parsing is a challenging task. The high number of existing theories of discourse analysis shows that humans have a hard time defining discursive structures that model all possible interactions. This difficulty makes the production of annotated corpora expensive and the low amount of discursively annotated data makes the use of supervised learning algorithms impractical.In this thesis, I propose to produce representations of conversational discourse based on data that is partially annotated with discourse structures. The thesis is part of the DATCHA project which allowed me access to a large corpus of dialogues owned by the Orange company. This corpus allows us to explore different strategies in order to produce discourse representations: rely on an end-to-end model that predicts customer satisfaction; rely on dialogue acts to produce sentence embeddings; using supervised algorithms on an automatically enriched corpus

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Nora, Anniesha Binte Hussin. ""Written talk" in electronic discourse : a study of Internet Relay Chat text /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22189907.

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Khalil, Alexander Konrad. "Echoes of Constantinople : oral and written tradition of the psaltes of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople". Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3344581.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Mar. 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references: P. 228-240.

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Kastner, Stacy. "Identity Chats: Co-Authorized Narratives and the Performance of Writerly Selves in Mass-Multiliterate Times". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1370452658.

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Lee, Kooi Cheng. "An investigation of the efficacy of face-to-face versus synchronous chat in the generation and development of written drafts in the EAP class". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2322.

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The thesis is a study of the early stages of the writing cycle in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) class at the University of Singapore. The study focuses on a group brainstorming activity prior to the stage of writing the first draft and on the impact of this activity on the students’ first individual drafts. In addition, the study compares two different modes of discussion: face-to-face and online synchronous chat. The comparison is concerned with the interactional patterns of the discussion in the two modes, and with the transfer of content from the discussion to the first written drafts. The use of group brainstorming at the pre-writing stage is a familiar activity in the writing class but researchers have not yet paid much attention to the way in which the ideas generated in the brainstorming activity are transferred to individual written drafts. It is this gap that this dissertation seeks to fill. A question of particular interest is the extent to which knowledge construction in the composition class is accomplished by the individual or by the group. Data were collected from four classes of first-year undergraduate students of Science taught by the researcher. The control group, with 31 members, carried out their brainstorming activity in face-to-face mode, while the experimental group, with 27 members, carried out their brainstorming using a synchronous chat facility. The primary data were the chat scripts, face-to-face transcripts and first writing drafts. Analysis of the discussion data was carried out using a genre-based content analysis model deriving from speech act theory (Sinclair and Coulthard, 1975), rhetorical structure theory (Mann & Thompson 1986, 1988), and more recent work on collaborative writing by Plowman (1993), think-aloud protocols (Smagorinsky, 1991) and collaborative computer-based communication by Garrison and Anderson (2003), among others. The model is used to count the frequency of different ideas according to their rhetorical characteristics in the two conditions (face-to-face and synchronous chat), and to determine whether the ideas were generated by individuals or through group discussion. The analysis then looks at the extent to which the ideas were subsequently reproduced in individual drafts. The frequency analyses are complemented by detailed qualitative analysis of the discussion transcripts and the essays of four students, two from each discussion mode. The results of the analysis suggest that collaborative brainstorming is productive in helping students with the generation and development of ideas for their writing. The findings also suggest that there is a strong link between ownership and use of ideas initiated in the discussion. This tendency is stronger in the chat group than in the face-to-face group. Analysis of the discussion transcripts suggests that this difference is a result of more ideas being initiated in the chat group. In addition to these group differences, the analysis shows that discussion in both modes is characterised by a tendency to seek consensus, with very little argument and negotiation of content. The implications of these findings for the use of group discussion in the writing class are discussed.

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Oliveira, Beatriz Magalhães Aranha. "Produção de narrativa ficcional por alunos de um curso de inglês". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13761.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Magalhaes Aranha Oliveira.pdf: 2526132 bytes, checksum: 4f97e911503d73da4429c80bcca7b7f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This research was motivated by my perception of the difficulties that students from a language school face when it comes to writing the narrative genre, specifically telling short stories (which is mandatory in some international exams). Those are important questions, as we know that the responsibility for putting the learning process into a straitjacket is the fact that the focus is on the final result, instead of being on the process. That makes the educational process fixed and non-creative, resulting on the development of students that are not reflexives nor aware of the social activities they engage into. Vygotsky and Engerstöm discussions about the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) are the basis for this study, as well as the concepts of teaching-learning development, mediation in social contexts and critical collaboration in which language plays a fundamental role as a cultural artifact. In general, this research aimed to critically comprehend the contexts created on the classroom of a language school for the production of fictional narratives in English language. The specific targets were: 1) critically understand the comprehension of the students about the contemplated genre; 2) provide conditions for the students so they could appropriate the fictional narrative genre through social activities; 3) analyze the written production of students to critically verify if there was any transformation, and what they were. Eight pre-intermediate students, between the ages of 11 and 13 years old, from a school in São Paulo city took part in the research. Their production, audio recordings and classes description generate the data used in the analysis. They aimed to check how students were gripping to the learning of the genre, and also the relations established in the classroom. The results demonstrated that the pattern of language used was unidirectional and the relationships were mostly I-R-E (initiated by the teacher, responded by the students, and evaluated by the teacher). Nevertheless, at the end of the research, the pattern changes a bit for a more collaborative relationship among the students and the teacher, which made it possible for students to better understand the concepts of the narrative worked during the semester. Mostly, it served well for this teacher-researcher who, for the first time, evaluated her actions in the classroom
Esta pesquisa foi motivada por minha percepção da dificuldade dos alunos de uma escola de idiomas em dominarem a escrita do gênero narrativa de ficção, especificamente contar histórias (produção requerida em exame internacional). Essas são questões importantes, pois um dos responsáveis pelo engessamento do ensino é o foco no produto final e não no processo, o que limita a aprendizagem a formas fixas e não criativas do uso da linguagem, dificultando a formação de alunos reflexivos ou cientes das atividades sociais que vivenciam. As discussões de Vygotsky e Engerström sobre a Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural apoiaram este estudo, bem como os conceitos vygotskianos de ensino-aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, alteridade e mediação nas relações colaborativo críticas em que a linguagem tem papel fundamental como artefato cultural. De forma geral, esta pesquisa objetivou compreender criticamente os espaços criados para a produção de narrativas ficcionais em língua inglesa em um contexto de escola de idiomas. Foram objetivos específicos: 1) compreender de forma crítica o domínio dos alunos sobre o gênero enfocado; 2) criar condições para que os alunos se apropriassem do gênero narrativa de ficção por meio de atividades sociais; 3) analisar produções escritas dos alunos para compreender de forma crítica se há transformação nas produções escritas e quais são. A pesquisa foi realizada com 8 alunos, entre 11 e 13 anos, em nível pré-intermediário, de uma escola de idiomas de São Paulo. Foram coletadas produções escritas dos alunos ao longo de um semestre, além de audiogravações das aulas preparatórias e descrições detalhadas. Os dados produzidos em sala de aula foram analisados para compreensão da apropriação dos alunos do gênero enfocado, e das relações construídas no processo interacional. Os resultados revelaram que o padrão de linguagem dominante foi unidirecionado e as relações se organizaram por meio do I-R-A (professora inicia, aluno responde e professora avalia). Todavia nas aulas finais há uma retomada desse padrão para o desenvolvimento de um relacionamento colaborativo entre os participantes da pesquisa, o que propiciou aprendizagem e desenvolvimento aos alunos, mas, principalmente, a esta pesquisadora que, pela primeira vez, avaliava sua ação

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CHROBÁK, Josef. "Nedostatky v mluveném i v psaném projevu žáků vyšších ročníků ZŠ". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112125.

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In this paper I tried to take a closer look at the topic of social networks, electronic communication and the way they influence the spoken and written speech. The modern communication in general is mentioned in this paper as well. I tried to find and focused on particular aspects of electronic communication, especially parts of internet slang as chat abbreviations, emoticons and also the stylistics. I compared the gathered information to the pupils? language and proved some influence by the modern ways of communication. As a part of a research pupils filled in a questionare and a further research on spoken and written speech took place. I came up with several statements which i managed to prove right, couple of them have been proven wrong, though. A conclusion on the contemporary situation has been made that both the spoken and written speech is influenced by modern way of communication.

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Nchindila, Bernard Mwansa. "Conditions for successful online mentoring". Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1701.

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This study examines the conditions for successful online mentoring in order to develop writing skills in English in a workplace setting. Chapter 1 gives the background and context of the study. Problems to be addressed in the study and the aims, objectives, hypotheses and their rationale are presented. This is followed by testing procedures, research design, sources of data and research procedures. In Chapter 2, the literature review supports the hypotheses on the need for collaboration in materials development and delivery, mentoring relationships, motivation and computer and Internet efficacy. Chapter 3 presents the findings from the case study bringing into focus problems that would jeopardise a mentoring programme if training providers do not pay attention to the hypotheses. The findings are collated and the hypotheses are confirmed. Conditions for successful online mentoring are spelt out in Chapter 4. The study concludes that online mentoring works once the conditions are properly followed.
English Studies
M.A. (TESOL)

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Vaňátko, Jiří. "Jazyk SMS a francouzština jako cizí jazyk". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338636.

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in English with English title of the thesis: Language of SMS and French as a foreign language The central topic of the thesis is the language of short text messages (SMS) and/or the one of chat and their application in teaching of French as a foreign language (fr. abbreviation F.L.E., français langue étrangère). The aim is to answer the question so as to how to grasp linguo- didactically this modern sociolect of young users (not only) of French, typical of written communication via digital technologies, with the purpose of the purely practical use in the classes of French. Firstly, a linguistic description will be given in order to understand the mechanisms of the explored language code not only in French, but also partly in Czech and English, as well as the determination of the position of the SMS language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the present-day French. The following research will be dealing with the identification and the analysis of the teaching activities using the SMS language found in approximately fifty text books of French intended for the learners of levels A1, A2, B1, B2. The next section offers the theoretical evaluation of the exploitability of the SMS language in the classes of French, having as a point of reference specialised works of didactics of foreign languages. The...

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Libros sobre el tema "Written chats"

Pano, Ana. Dialogar en la Red: La lengua española en chats, e-mails, foros y blogs. Bern: P. Lang, 2008.

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Dialogar en la Red: La lengua española en chats, e-mails, foros y blogs. Bern: P. Lang, 2008.

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Oral and written transmission in chant. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009.

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Sprachhandlungskoordination in der Chat-Kommunikation. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2007.

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Pano, Ana. Dialogar en la Red: La Lengua Española en Chats, e-Mails, Foros y Blogs. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2012.

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Chants of Freedom: Poems Written in Exile. Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2015.

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Parker, Cindy Lou y Steven M. Shapiro. Climate Chaos. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400627538.

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Why should we care about climate chaos and global warming? Because, among other risky outcomes, they may seriously harm our health! Scientists around the world are in agreement that global warming, more aptly named climate change, is occurring and human activity is the primary cause. The debate now is in the scientific and policy worlds about just how harmful climate change will be and what are the best ways to stop it. One of those scientists is author Cindy Parker, who believes climate change is the most health-damaging problem humanity has ever faced. Parker has thus immersed herself during the past ten years in educating the public and health professionals about how climate change will affect our well-being. Here, she and husband, Steve Shapiro, a psychologist and former journalist, describe what we can expect if climate change continues unabated. The authors explain our possible physical and mental responses to such climate change factors as heat stress, poor air quality, insufficient water resources, and the rise of infectious diseases fueled by even minor increases in temperature. They also show how other changes that may result from climate change-including sea level rise, extreme weather events, and altered food supplies can harm human health. Parker and Shapiro have found, however, that just talking about the problem is not enough. Actions that can prevent or reduce climate change's harm are presented in each chapter. To illustrate how much global warming will affect our lives, Parker and Shapiro begin their book with a chapter showing the worst-case scenario if climate change continues without intervention, and end the book with the best case scenario if we act now. Their eye-opening work will appeal to everyone who wants to remain healthy as we challenge this world-altering problem of our own making . While written for a lay audience in a manner that limits technical terminology, the book will also appeal to students and professionals of public health, medicine, environmental psychology, and science who will find the focus on health and the extensive referencing useful.

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Journey, Journal. Daily Goal Charts: A Month's Worth of Charts to Write in and Customize. Independently Published, 2019.

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Schuldberg, David, Ruth Richards y Shan Guisinger, eds. Chaos and Nonlinear Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465025.001.0001.

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This book, for psychologists, clinicians, social scientists, and the general reader, reveals how chaos and nonlinear dynamics can bring new understanding to everyday topics in social sciences. Contributors are leaders in the intersection of psychology and chaos and complexity theories. Written first for the curious and the nonspecialist, while adding areas for those with a more extensive background, this book offers openness and creative wonder. It is conceptual and user-friendly, built around six themes—which are the main learnings for readers. These are (1) seeing nonlinearity, (2) appreciating emergence, (3) finding patterns, (4) using simple models, (5) intervening nonlinearly, and (6) considering new worldviews. It takes no specialized study—although there is more sophisticated material and optional math for those wishing it; the techie will, in addition, find concepts and diagrams to ponder. The volume intends to engage, at times may startle—whether about the weather, internet, organizations, family dynamics, health, evolution, or falling in love. It reveals how many social, personal, clinical, research, and life phenomena become understandable and can be modeled in the light of nonlinear dynamical systems theory. It even offers a broadening worldview, happening already in other sciences, toward a more dynamic, interconnected, and evolving picture, including process-oriented appreciation of one’s own experience. Readers meet the themes in different guises while learning to read subtle signs and patterns, and intervene like an aikido master in the flow of our dynamic world. The themes, are woven throughout diverse applications and extended in the integrative conclusions.

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Math-O-Graphs: Graphic Organizers for Mathematics (Written to the NCTM Standards). Critical Thinking Co, 1990.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Written chats"

Rogaar, Eva. "Support, a Chat, and a Cup of Tea". En Multiethnic Societies of Central Asia and Siberia Represented in Indigenous Oral and Written Literature, 109–39. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17875/gup2022-2063.

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Bowen, Tracey y Carl Whithaus. "Multimodal Chat-Based Apps: Enhancing Copresence When Writing". En Digital Writing Technologies in Higher Education, 157–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36033-6_10.

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AbstractThis chapter examines how digital platforms and social media may be integrated as part of academic writing processes. These digital tools can be used to facilitate students’ development as writers who are agile across modes of text production, collaboration, and dissemination. Writing on multimodal apps and platforms such as WhatsApp and Discord have encouraged students to write in ways that are collective and collaborative. Students are taking up brainstorming and “pre-writing” activities on these public platforms as a way to come to writing in virtual contexts in the copresence of others. These forms of “prewriting” are increasingly becoming part of writing processes and bleeding over into how students’ final academic pieces of writing take shape. Students are not only using these social writing processes and genres in their academic writing but they are also becoming digital content creators as they enter their professional spheres.

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MAIR, VICTOR H. "Lu Xun, An Outsider’s Chats about Written Language". En Hawaii Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture, 617–41. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvn6qz.104.

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"91. Lu Xun, An Outsider’s Chats about Written Language". En Hawaii Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture, 617–41. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824852351-098.

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Jain, Vinay Kumar y Shishir Kumar. "Predictive Analysis of Emotions for Improving Customer Services". En Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 125–34. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2148-8.ch008.

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Human emotions plays an important role in everyday communication. Emotions are formed by the combination of cues such as relative actions, facial expressions, and gestures and reactions. Emotions are also present in written texts like in social media, chats, customer reviews. By getting inspired by works done in the domain of sentiment analysis, this chapter explores advances to automatic detection of emotions in text which help in Improving Customer Services. This chapter presents a framework for automatic detection of emotions in customer reviews based on different emotions theories in the fields of psychology and linguistics. This framework uses advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques with Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods for better understanding of emotion detection and recognition in customer reviews. The text under study comprises data collected from leading Indian e-commerce portals like Flipkart, Snapdeal and Amazon, which contains text rich in emotions. The advantages and application based emotion detection framework has been incorporated with suitable examples.

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Jain, Vinay Kumar y Shishir Kumar. "Predictive Analysis of Emotions for Improving Customer Services". En Natural Language Processing, 808–17. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch039.

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Singh, Madhav Narayan, Shanmuga Raja B., Anakath A. S., R. Kannadasan y Prabakaran N. "Unlocking Insights". En Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 238–50. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2679-4.ch015.

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The social media analytics, which relate to huge amount of data from various social media platforms, are used to understand an opinion from the written language such as tweets, chats, comments. In existing methods, the sentiment analysis on Xcorp (Twitter) was mostly used for emotion detection for the polling methods; and star ratings are used to see the response from people. In this model, using Twitter API to fetch the data and Naive Bayes model for classifying them. The tweets, retweets and comments are collected and processed with the positive, neutral, and negative responses from the user will be reflected for ethical considerations. The information obtained from this system is used in various applications like analysis of social media support for politicians, safety technology in social media, a review based on user response for a product, response from people or government for social or political issues (Hashtags), movies, etc. The system will help to visualize statistics to analyse people's responses to provide the most effective statistical tool for various industries.

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González, Lisa Sánchez. "In Search of Our Fathers’ Workshops". En Written/Unwritten. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627717.003.0005.

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Lisa Sánchez González explores the highlights and lowlights in her journey from kindergarten to tenure as a Boricua feminist scholar deemed "radical" in U.S. academia. Her essay charts the challenges that the she (and many other Latina girls identified early in their education as "gifted") overcame in public schools and the pattern of racial, class and gender stereotyping that perpetually repeated itself in her academic career, as well as how it uniquely deformed the shape of her first tenure review. Sánchez González, who was denied tenure at the University of Texas-Austin, discusses how the Freedom Of Information Act made it possible for her to review her tenure case.

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Chabram, Angie. "Tenure in the Contact Zone". En Written/Unwritten. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627717.003.0006.

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Angie Chambram charts her negotiations of higher education, her own brand of cultural politics, and her interdisciplinary path toward bilingual Chicana/o studies and interdisciplinary cultural studies to winning tenure. Rather than overpersonalizing her story or providing celebratory closure, she invites readers to consider how the language and tenure struggle that intersect in higher education reflect the struggles of everyday people in different geopolitical and educational venues. Chambram discusses the challenge of building a new program while on the tenure track while making claims for the importance of diversity within Spanish literature and language departments. The essay provides glimpses of these negotiations which begin early on in the lives of many assistant professors of color (most of whom are untenured) and continue well beyond tenure, as these individuals negotiate points of entry and articulation and seek to redress longstanding social injustices.

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"Maps and Charts". En Black Athena Writes Back, xvii—xxvi. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822380078-003.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Written chats"

Fredriksson, Christine. "About Collaboration, Interaction, and the Negotiation of Meaning in Synchronous Written Chats in L2-German". En EUROCALL 2012. Research-publishing.net, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2012.000032.

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Silva, Cláudia. "There is more to chat discourse than written conversation". En 3rd Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2010/03/0042/000162.

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"Using Written Synchronous Chat to Enhance Student Engagement and Learning in EFL Online Classrooms". En Nov. 23-25, 2022 Istanbul (Turkey). Higher Education and Innovation Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/heaig11.h1122419.

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Lee, Nam Hee, Tai Hyo Kim y Sung Deok Cha. "Construction of global finite state machine for testing task interactions written in message sequence charts". En the 14th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/568760.568825.

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Petukhova, Kseniia, Veronika Smilga y Dilyara Zharikova. "Abstract User Goals in Open-Domain Dialog Systems". En INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. RSUH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2023-22-1097-1107.

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In task-oriented dialog systems, conversational agents have the means to plan the dialog to accomplish user tasks (e.g., order pizza). In chit-chat systems, there are no such straightforward tasks. Yet, in chit-chat dialogs people still pursue goals, but these goals are more abstract and thus less formalizable. In this work, we describe the development process of two goal-aware prototypes of a chatbot. The first prototype features entirely human-crafted scenarios for seven topic-specific (low-level) goals and a Goal Tracker service that detects these goals and monitors the process of their achievement. The other one combines pre-written utterances with response generation using DialoGPT model to cover the scenarios of four general (high-level) goals. The results show that introducing the concept of goals improves performance of a chit-chat dialog system. Qualitative analysis of conversations with the High-Level goals prototype demonstrates cases where a goal-aware chatbot outperforms the original one.

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Blanchard, Emmanuel, Corina Sandu y Adrian Sandu. "Polynomial-Chaos-Based Numerical Method for the LQR Problem With Uncertain Parameters in the Formulation". En ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28467.

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This paper proposes a polynomial chaos based numerical method providing an optimal controller for the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) problem when the parameters in the formulation are uncertain, i.e., a controller minimizing the mean value of the LQR cost function obtained for a certain distribution of the uncertainties which is assumed to be known. The LQR problem is written as an optimality problem using Lagrange multipliers in an extended form associated with the polynomial chaos framework, and an iterative algorithm converges to the optimal answer. The algorithm is applied to a simple example for which the answer is already known. Polynomial chaos based methods have the advantage of being computationally much more efficient than Monte Carlo simulations. The Linear-Quadratic Regulator controller is not very well adapted to robust design, and the optimal controller does not guarantee a minimum performance or even stability for the worst case scenario. Stability robustness and performance robustness in the presence of uncertainties are therefore not guaranteed. However, this is a first step aimed at designing more judicious controllers if combined with other techniques in the future. The next logical step would be to extend this numerical method to H2 and then H-infinity problems.

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Haug, E. y P. Guyon. "PAM-OPT™/PAM-SOLID™: Optimization of Transport Vehicle Crash and Safety Design and Forming Processes". En ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dac-5568.

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Abstract Dynamic simulation solver codes are now extensively used by industry for the design verification of vehicle crashworthiness and for the process simulation of sheet metal forming. The logical next step is to use these by now proven codes for the optimization of the vehicle crash design and of metal forming processes. A step towards this goal has been taken by PSI, and an optimization code, PAM-OPT™, has been written for calling dynamic FE codes of the PAM-SOLID™ family in design and process optimization loops. The code interacts with the user via input, signalling and output files and it calls an interface that interacts with the FE solvers. The paper briefly outlines the properties and various flow charts of the optimizer, depending on single or multiple solvers used in the loop, single or parallel calls and fast solvers. Then the paper reports various applications of PAM-OPT™ in conjunction with the PAM-SFE™, PAM-CRASH™, PAM-SAFE™ and PAM-STAMP™ solvers. An outlook on how to replace the user-written interface with a general keyword-driven interface concludes the paper.

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Kulhanek, Tomas, Arnost Mladek, Jiri Kofranek y Filip Jezek. "Bodylight.js 2.0 - Web components for FMU simulation, visualisation and animation in standard web browser". En 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp204443.

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Simulators used in teaching and education comprises a mathematical model of the system under study and user interface that allows to control model inputs and visualize model state and results in an intuitive way. This paper presents web components - that can be used to build in-browser web simulator. The models used for the web simulators must be written in standard Modelica language and compiled as standard FMU (Functional mockup unit). The toolchain version Bodylight.js 2.0 contains tools to compile FMU into WebAssembly language able to be executed directly by web browser. Bodylight.js 2.0 web components can be then used to combine model, interactive animation and charts into rich web document in HTML or Markdown syntax only without any other programming or scripting.

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Wunsch, Dirk, Roel Belt, Pascal Fede y Olivier Simonin. "DNS/DPS of Inertial Droplet Coalescence in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence and Comparison With PDF Model Predictions Using the Direct Quadrature Method of Moments". En ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78091.

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To analyze in detail the coalescence mechanisms and validate modeling approaches, deterministic Lagrangian simulations of droplet trajectories (DPS) coupled with Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence (HIT) are performed. The influence of the colliding particle velocity correlations induced by the fluid turbulence on the rate of droplet coalescence is investigated for different particle inertia. The results are compared to predictions using the Direct Quadrature Method of Moments (DQMOM) accounting for coalescence. The particle diameter distribution is written as a summation of Dirac functions. This allows to derive Eulerian transport equations for the dispersed phase statistics, which account for coalescence and conserve the low-order moments of the particle size distribution. The collision terms are modeled applying the molecular chaos assumption in order to account for coalescence. Particle size distributions and moments obtained from DQMOM are compared to those of the DNS/DPS simulations in function of particle inertia.

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Vavrek, Edward M. "A Visual Basic Program to Calculate Gear Features". En ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/met-25505.

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Abstract This paper describes a spur gear design analysis program written in visual basic. The program is used to assist engineering students in the design of spur gears, which involves many calculations and decisions. This software program simplifies and streamlines the design and selection process. Since the visual basic program is event driven, the user can go through the program by inputting values into text boxes and then initiating events by clicking on command buttons. An important feature of this program is the ability to insert pictures, tables, graphs, drawings, and figures to enhance the program functionality. Most inputs are taken from graphs, charts, or tables so the user knows where and how the information is obtained and used. Outputs are shown with their appropriate figures, drawings, or calculation formulas to assist the user in understanding how the output was derived. The software has the advantage of making minor changes to the problem quickly and easily to see how the output is affected.

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Informes sobre el tema "Written chats"

Laubshtein, Yanir. Protecting Water and Sanitation Infrastructure from Cyberthreats: A Cybersecurity Study for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, mayo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004876.

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The water and sanitation sector is essential for livelihoods and has therefore been recognized by most countries as critical infrastructure. While the growing trend of automation and digitalization of water sector infrastructures improves efficiencies and helps reduce operating costs, it also exposes the sectors facilities and operations to ever-increasing cyber risks. The number and variety of cyberthreats and malicious actors is rapidly increasing: from nation-state actors seeking to cause political and social chaos as well as disrupt economies, cybercriminals looking for profit, and hacktivists driven by ideological or personal agendas to individuals attempting to get a break on their bills. This document is the first of its kind published by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to examine cyber threats in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) water and sanitation sector. The report reviews water sector technologies and explains the cyberthreats facing water infrastructure technology. It assesses LAC's water sector cybersecurity readiness using written material and interviews with key representatives of public sector institutions and other water utilities in LAC. Finally, it presents a series of recommendations for public and private sector actors.

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Hart, Tim, Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Yul Derek Davids, Gary Pienaar, Mercy Ngungu, Yamkela Majikijela et al. Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Human Rights-Related Experiences of People with Disabilities in Covid-19 Times in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), enero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.013.

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During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line using Google Forms from the 1 July to 31 August 2021. All percentages displayed are rounded to the nearest percent and this may affect what is displayed in charts. While we cite some literature in this report, a separate literature review was written by the team, and was used to guide the research and focus the questions.

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