Artículos de revistas: "World War 1914-1918"

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Denezhuk, Artem Naskidovich y Andrey Sergeevich Mikaelian. "WORLD WAR I 1914-1918". News of scientific achievements, n.º 6 (2019): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36616/2618-7612-2019-6-18-20.

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Ivanova, Natalia. "Petrograd: First World War (19141918)". Cahiers Bruxellois Brusselse Cahiers XLVI, n.º 1E (2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/brux.046e.0159.

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Vanhaesebrouck, Karel. "Theatre of War: Commemorating World War I in Belgium". TDR/The Drama Review 61, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2017): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00691.

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Every town and village throughout Flanders is commemorating the gruesome events of 1914–1918 with a range of activities. Some of these propose intelligent and thoroughly researched perspectives on WWI, while others are just simple tourist entertainments. Flemish theatre artists enthusiastically contribute to this frenzy, although some choose to deconstruct the folkloric myths to comment on the economics of the commemoration industry or on present-day atrocities.

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Nolan, Cathal J. "Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918". International History Review 34, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2012.718125.

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Kahn, Marcel-Francis. "The World War I (1914–1918) and rheumatology". Joint Bone Spine 81, n.º 5 (octubre de 2014): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.04.015.

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Gregory, Dr Adrian. "Civilians in a world at war, 1914–1918". First World War Studies 4, n.º 2 (octubre de 2013): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2013.843885.

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M L, Revanna. "Problems of Industrialization Mysore -1914 -1918". Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (6 de febrero de 2021): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3962.

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During the First World War period, despite the best efforts by the Government of Mysore it was difficult to start and run many industries which required large -scale import of machineries. The First World War had broken the regular commercial traffic between Europe, the Mediterranean and India. On the one hand, the state escaped from the reckless floatation of companies that characterized the boom that followed the war, but some capital was invested in shares in outside companies. However as far as the investment in the new industries was concerned, capital was certainly shy in Mysore during the warperiod1. This situation continued even in the early twenties. Even during 1921-22, business conditions continued to be unfavorable throughout the year. Heavy losses were sustained by per-sons engaged in the business of piece-goods, timber, hides and skins and to a certain extent in food grains.

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Speransky, A. "Uralian arsenal of the First world war 1914–1918 years". Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series «Social Sciences and the Humanities» 16, n.º 4 (2016): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ssh160417.

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Denyssov, V. N. "World war and international law. 100 years to the First world war 1914–1918". Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava” 30 (2019): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2019-30-375-383.

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Lowry, Bullitt. "Novels Of The Two World Wars". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 20, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 1995): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.20.1.29-32.

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Television is filling the airwaves with programs about World War II and continuing to note the first installment of that war, the Great War of 1914-1918. Because I teach histories of World War I and World War Il, students regularly ask me to recommend novels covering those epochal events. Although I do not let novels substitute for weightier tomes of required reading in my courses, I believe fiction helps to illuminate what was really going on during those years.

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Hummel, H. C. "Grahamstown 1914-1918: Four wartime themes". New Contree 28 (26 de junio de 2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v28i0.640.

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This study of Grahamstown during World War I illustrates four themes which serve to demonstrate the essentially British, frontier, commercial and martial attitudes that went into its making. Wartime conditions exacerbated the social and economic problems of white Grahamstown and its black population. In so volatile a community the hyper-charged atmosphere of wartime unleashed a strident Germanophobia. There were also two days of protest by blacks to which most whites reacted with alarm. The concluding episode of the article deals with the effects of the Spanish influenza epidemic on Grahamstown during the last weeks of the war.

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Gregory, Adrian. "1914–1918: The History of the First World War". English Historical Review 120, n.º 488 (1 de septiembre de 2005): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei347.

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Thorpe, Wayne. "The European Syndicalists and War, 1914–1918". Contemporary European History 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001011.

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This article argues that syndicalist trade union organizations, viewed internationally, were unique in First World War Europe in not supporting the war efforts or defensive efforts of their respective governments. The support for the war of the important French organisation has obscured the fact that the remaining five national syndicalist organisations – in belligerent Germany and Italy, and in neutral Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands – remained faithful to their professed workers' internationalism. The article argues that forces tending to integrate the labour movement in pre-1914 Europe had less effect on syndicalists than on other trade unions, and that syndicalist resistance to both integration and war in the non-Gallic countries was also influenced by their rivalry with social-democratic organisations.

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Salevouris, Michael. "Bourne, Britain And The Great War, 1914-1914". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 1992): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.1.41-42.

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"War," said Thomas Paine, "involves in its progress such a train of unforseen and unsupposed circumstances that no human wisdom can calculate the end." History is replete with examples of wars that didn't exactly go as planners planned, but one conflict above all, the "Great War" of 1914-1918, has been responsible for our contemporary fear of the "unforseen and unsupposed circumstances" of war. The short, heroic, victorious war that most Europeans foresaw in August, 1914, became an unimaginable tragedy that buried a generation in the mud of the western front. It is, therefore, not surprising that books on World War I continue to flow from the presses.

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Ruszała, Kamil. "Fellow Citizens or Aliens? Galician Refugees during the First World War in Hungary". Prace Historyczne 148, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2021): 795–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.21.051.14027.

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The outbreak of the First World War (1914–1918) forced the countless civilians to leave their homes and to become war refugees. This topic has remained largely unexplored by the historians. The number of refugees from the multinational Galicia in the years 1914–1918 was large in many parts of the former Austria-Hungary, which finds its reflection in archival materials scattered over various archives and over an extensive territory. This paper presents the issue of the Galician war refugees who found themselves in the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. It also outlines the general problem of emigration as well as describes relations between the refugees and the local people. It was not only due to antagonisms but also due to the administrative decisions of the Hungarian authorities that the Galician refugees remained alien to the locals, despite the fact they all were citizens of the same Habsburg Monarchy.

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Clavin, Patricia. "The Economic Consequences of the War and the Peace". Current History 113, n.º 766 (1 de noviembre de 2014): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.324.

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KOVALENKO, Tetiana. "Memory of the First World War in the monumental art of Poland". Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3735.

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Background. The article deals with the reflection of the First World War of 1914–1918 in the monumental art of Poland. Therefore, memorial buildings and monuments are not only the realization of the creative plan of artists, i.e. their authors, but also a re-flection of a political course of the state, the experience gained, hopes, expectations, losses of people. That is why they allow us to understand the memory of the First World War in Poland. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study how the events of the First World War are reflected in the monumental art of Poland, and on this basis to consider the for-mation of historical memory, past and present practices of commemoration of the tragic events of 1914–1918. Results. The heroes and the memory of the victims of the First World War are re-spected in Poland, which in particular can be observed in the improvement of memorial complexes, memorials and other similar constructions. At the same time, the memory of the global military conflict is identified primarily with the restoration of independence. For most Poles, November 11, 1918 is associated not so much with the end of the Great War of 1914–1918 as with the birth of the Second Polish Republic of 1918–1939. Thus, the heroes of the military conflict are seen as the fighters for independence. On the other hand, the monumental buildings reflect the difficult path to independence, i.e. the division of Polish lands on the eve of the First World War and the difficulties in the establishing borders after its end. The First World War of 1914–1918 remains an important period in history. Commemorative practices, in general, coincide with those conducted in Western European countries, and, at the same time, they are mostly visible in the above position. Key words: the First World War, monumental art, Poland, memory, places of memory, commemoration. 1915: War, Province, Man: Ukrainian-Polish Accents, 2016. Materials of the Interna-tional Scientific Symposium, Kharkiv, 17 kvitnya 2015 r. (Polish Almanac, iss. 8). Kharkiv: Majdan. (In Ukrainian) 90 Years Ago, the Remains of an Unnamed Defender of Lviv were Buried in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 2016 [online] Available at: https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/90-lat-temu-w-grobie-nieznanego-zolnierza-zlozono-szczatki-bezimiennego-obroncy-lwowa [Ac-cessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Baczkowski, M. i Ruszała, K., red., 2016. The Military Experiences of the Great War. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. (In Polish) Collingwood, R. G., 1996. The Idea of History. Kyyiv, Osnovy. Available at: http://litopys.org.ua/colin/colin.htm [Accessed 01 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Girzyński, Z. i Kłaczkow, J., red., 2018. Legions and their Influence on the Polish Cause in the Years 1914–1918. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. (In Polish) Hrycak, Ya., 2011. Passions for Nationalism. Old Story in a New Way. Kyyiv: Krytyka. Available at: https://uamoderna.com/images/biblioteka/Hrytsak_Strasti.PDF [Accessed 02 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Jamrozek-Sowa, A., Ożóg, Z. i Wal, A., red., 2016. World War I in Literature and other Cultural Texts: Reinterpretations and Additions. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. (In Polish) Kamionowska, J., 2019. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw – what is its History? [online] J. Kamionowska. Available at: https://histmag.org/Grob-Nieznanego-Zolnierza-w-Warszawie-jaka-jest-jego-historia-12135 [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Kowalski, W., 2016. 86 Years Ago, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was Established [online] W. Kowalski. Available at: https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/86-lat-temu-powstal-grob-nieznanego-zolnierza [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Kyrydon, A., 2011. “Memory masks” in the Conditions of Public Breaks. Kyyivs"ka starovyna, 2, pp. 161–170. (In Ukrainian) Lwówek Śląski. Monument to the Victims of World War I, 2021 [online]. Available at: http://www.polskaniezwykla.pl/web/place/26278,lwowek-slaski-pomnik-ofiar-i-wojny-swiatowej.html [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to “Peowiak”, Małachowski Square, 2021. Fundacja “Warszawa1939.pl” [online]. Fundacja “Warszawa1939.pl”. Available at: http://www.warszawa1939.pl/ obiekt/pomnik-peowiaka [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to Peowiak, 2021. „e-kartka z Warszawy” [online]. “e-kartka z War-szawy”. Available at: http://ekartkazwarszawy.pl/kartka/pomnik-peowiaka/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to the Legions, 2021. Retropedia Radomia [online] Retropedia Radomia. Available at: http://www.retropedia.radom.pl/pomnik-czynu-legionow/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to the Victims of World War I in Wrocław, 2021 [online]. Available at: https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g11lglg1_4d [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Nahorna, L., 2012. Historical Memory: Theories, Discourses, Reflections. Kyyiv: IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrayiny. (In Ukrainian) Nora, P., 1989. Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representa-tions. Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory, 25. Available at: https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/ARCH230/PierreNora.pdf [Accessed 01 August 2021] Nora, P., 2005. Universal Triumph of Memory. Neprikosnovennyj zapas, 2. Available at: https://magazines.gorky.media/nz/2005/2/vsemirnoe-torzhestvo-pamyati.html [Ac-cessed 01 August 2021] (In Russian) Obelisk on Kaim Hill, 2009 [online]. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193129/http://www.cmentarze.jasonek.pl/cmentarz.php?id=500 [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Osiej, D., 2019. Unveiling of the Monument to the Legionnaire in Radom – August 1930 [online]. Available at: https://www.cozadzien.pl/radom/odsloniecie-pomnika-legionisty-w-radomiu-sierpien-1930/60609 [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Piskun, V. M., 2011. Historical Memory and Commemoration as a Way to Unite the Community: Ukrainian Realities in the Past and Today. National and historical memory, 1. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Ntip_2011_1_9 [Accessed 02 August 2021]. (In Ukrainian) Polovynchak, Yu. M., 2018. Commemorative Practices in Modern Information Space. Library Science. Documentation. Informology. 2. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/bdi_2018_2_15 [Accessed 02 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Roman Kosmala. Artist’s Website, 2021 [online]. Available at: http://romankosmala.com/roman-kosmala/biografia/ [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Seniów, J., 2004. On the Way to Independence: the Krakow Press against the Polish Legions during World War I (1914–1918). Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. (In Polish) Snopko, J., 2008. The Finale of the Epic of the Polish Legions 1916–1918. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2008. (In Polish) Szlanta, P., 2016. The Great Polish-Polish War. Poles in the Ranks of the Partitioning Armies during World War I. Outline of the Problem. W: Baczkowski, M. i Ruszała, K., red. Doświadczenia żołnierskie Wielkiej Wojny. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ss.51–76. (In Polish) The First World War and the Problems of State Formation in Central and Eastern Eu-rope (to the 90th anniversary of the end of the First World War), 2009. Materials of the In-ternational Scientific Conference, Chernivci, 29–30 zhovtnya 2008 r.). Chernivci: Cher-nivec"kyj nacional"nyj universytet im. Yuriya Fed"kovycha. (In Ukrainian) The Peoples of the World and the Great War of 1914–1918, 2015. Materials of All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference, Vinnycya, 3–4 kvit. 2015 r. Vinnycya: Nilan. (In Ukraini-an) Wrocław: Consecration of the Monument to the Victims of World War I, 2007 [online]. Available at: https://www.ekai.pl/wroclaw-poswiecenie-pomnika-ofiar-i-wojny-swiatowej/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish)

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Grdina, Igor. "Activism, Meditation and Contemplation: Music and the First World War". Musicological Annual 53, n.º 2 (27 de noviembre de 2017): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.53.2.5-21.

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The paper discusses the turn from activism to contemplation in the works of many music creators during the First World War. It also discusses the reasons why the reception of music during the conflict of 1914–1918 was the most restricted so far, prohibiting the performance of works by creators from enemy countries.

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Simonenko, E. S. "Naval Policy of Canada during First World War (1914—1918)". Nauchnyi dialog 11, n.º 8 (30 de octubre de 2022): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-8-436-452.

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The activities of the Navy Ministry of Canada during the First World War are analyzed in the article. For the first time in Russian historiography, the main directions of Canada’s maritime policy are formulated within the framework of the government’s military course during the First World War. The sources for the study were the debates of the House of Commons of the Canadian Parliament, publications in the Canadian press, the military series of historical and statistical collections and journalism of those years. The state of Canadian naval bases and ports, as well as the features of the development of the shipbuilding industry of the dominion during the war years is characterized. It is proved that during the war years, Canada’s maritime policy was determined by the British Admiralty and developed in two directions: imperial and national. The development of the imperial direction of maritime policy was carried out in the interests of Great Britain. It provided for the recruitment of Canadian volunteers for service in the Royal Navy and the development of a shipbuilding industry for the needs of the British Navy. The national direction of maritime policy provided for the protection of Canadian coasts and territorial waters, for which the infrastructure of Canadian naval bases and ports was actively used. To perform patrol and escort functions, state and private vessels were involved not only for military, but also for civilian purposes.

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Канинская, Г. Н. ""War Culture" in German Postcards of 1914-1918". Диалог со временем, n.º 79(79) (20 de agosto de 2022): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.029.

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В статье рассматривается монография доктора исторических наук А.С. Медякова, изданная в 2021 г. В ней автор, на основе анализа солидного массива немецких открыток периода Первой мировой войны, показал, как формировалась «культура войны» в визуальной форме, как конструировался, поддерживался и эволюционировал в немецком обществе образ врага и союзника. Военный дискурс в книге представлен по многим срезам: социокультурному, историко-генетическому, идейно-пропаган-дистскому, сравнительному, лингвистическому. The article discusses the monograph of Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander S. Medyakov, published in 2021. The author, who devoted a quarter of a century to collecting old postcards, for the first time in Russian historical science, showed based on the analysis of a solid array of German postcards from the period of the First World War, how the “culture of war” was formed » in visual form, how the image of the enemy and ally was designed, maintained and evolved in German society. The military discourse in the book is presented in many sections: socio-cultural, historical-genetic, ideological-propaganda, comparative, linguistic. The practice of distribution of printed materials is disclosed in detail, much attention is paid to the state and private press, competition in the postcard market, and censorship.

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Mcguire, Michael. "A Fractured Service: Frances Webster and The Great War, 1914–1918". New England Quarterly 91, n.º 2 (junio de 2018): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00671.

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Born to privilege in Boston, Frances Webster, like her peers volunteered overseas with the American Red Cross as a nurse's aide. Where the activities of other Americans during the First World War is characterized as a “culture of coercive volunterism,” Webster's reflected a more complex mixture of altruism and tourism. Her history of participation in the First World War suggests historians need more multifaceted frameworks to explain Americans' First World War service.

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Hlibiščuk, Mykola. "Prvá svetová vojna a Ukrajina : transnacionálna perspektíva". Acta historica Neosoliensia 26, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2024): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/ahn.2023.26.02.119-128.

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The article deals with the prospects of research of history of Ukraine throughout the years of the First World War from the perspective of transnational aspect. This educational approach has been a dominant one in Western historical study nowadays. However, in Ukrainian historiography, it has not received such popularity and influence yet. The author tries to demonstrate research prospects of usage of several scientific achievements of Western historians, depicting the connection with Ukraine in the First World War. In particular, this is the Ukrainian issue in international relations in 1914–1918, the history of Ukrainian cities during the First World War, the refugees from Ukrainian lands, violence during the War period 1914–1918, propaganda. On the one hand, these particular stories and plots from the War time show us the need of additional educational investigations done by Ukrainian historians. On the other hand, they convincingly demonstrate the value of Ukrainian narrative of the Great War, that significantly complements transnational history of this global confrontation since the beginning of the last century. Moreover, it outlines the potential perspective of a large-scale scientific project, namely – the rethinking of Eastern European history of the First World War, where the scientists from European countries would be involved.

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Ovčina, Ismet y Muamera Smajić. "Dani prikupljanja uspomena iz Prvog svjetskog rata u Bosni i Hercegovini = Europeana 194-1918 / Days of Collecting Memories From the First World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Bosniaca 21, n.º 21 (diciembre de 2016): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37083/bosn.2016.21.50.

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Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka BiH pridružila se projektu Europeana 1914–1918 s ciljem obilježavanja stogodišnjice Prvog svjetskog rata. Projekat je podrazumijevao organizovanje Dana prikupljanja na koje su gra-đani BiH imali priliku donijeti priče, predmete, slike vezane za ove događaje i svojim uspomenama doprinijeti bogaćenju velikog panevropskog arhiva u svrhu očuvanja kulturno-historijskog naslijeđa. = National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the project Europeana 1914–1918 with the aim of celebration of the centenary from beginning of the World War I. The project implied the organization of Collection Days at which the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina had the opportunity to bring stories, objects, images related to World War I and with their memories contribute to enrichment of large pan-European archive for the preservation of cultural heritage.

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Shevchenko, V. "The Great War of 1914-1918 and Ukraine: Historical Memory and Commemoration". Problems of World History, n.º 8 (14 de marzo de 2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-7.

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The First World War was a turning point in the development of civilization. Ukraine was at the center of this global conflict. Some of the largest and bloodiest offensive operations took place on itslands (East Halychyna, Bukovyna, Volyn), and the population was forced to fight on both sides of the front. Nevertheless, for many years the national public and professional researchers has beenoverlooked the War. In this paper, the Great War of 1914-1918 was been considered in the light of the historical memory of Ukrainian society and commemorative practices. In Eastern Halychyna, which was part of Poland after the War, there were intensive efforts to preserve the burials of war victims. In the Ukrainian state, the first steps to perpetuate the memory of the victims were made under the Hetman P. Skoropadskyi. Soviet authorities systematically «supplanted» the memory of the First World War from the mass consciousness, so that it was «forgotten».With changing approaches to the coverage of the historical past in independent Ukraine, interest towards the events of 1914-1918 has increased, and the process of perpetuating and commemoratingthem was intensified. Now, the restoration of the historical truth about the First World War and its preservation require the constructive interaction of the state, public organizations, specialists fromdifferent fields of knowledge.

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Honcar, B. "American diplomacy and the outbreak of 1914-1918 World War". Україна дипломатична, Вип. 15 (2014): 633.

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26

Panayi, P. "Germans in Britain During the First World War, 1914-1918". German History 7, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1989): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635548900700204.

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Farrar, L. L. "The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914–1918". History: Reviews of New Books 26, n.º 3 (abril de 1998): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1998.10528124.

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Panayi, P. "Germans in Britain During the First World War, 1914-1918". German History 7, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1989): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.2.226.

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Showalter, Dennis y Holger H. Herwig. "The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918." Journal of Military History 61, n.º 4 (octubre de 1997): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954103.

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Lyubovets, Nadiia. "The First World War 1914-1918 in a Memoir Representation". Naukovì pracì Nacìonalʹnoï bìblìoteki Ukraïni ìmenì V Ì Vernadsʹkogo, n.º 64 (14 de octubre de 2022): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/np.64.196.

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Turda, Marius. "The Biology of War: Eugenics in Hungary, 1914–1918". Austrian History Yearbook 40 (abril de 2009): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809000186.

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Much has been written concerning the impact of World War I on the development of eugenic thinking, especially in Germany, Britain, France, Italy, and the Scandinavian countries. This has led historians to examine not only specific eugenic movements, but also the international nexus of institutional collaboration, personal affinities, and transfer of ideas. If before 1914, eugenicists from various countries were united in their quest to improve society by biological means—a form of internationalism culminating in the First International Congress on Eugenics organized in 1912 in London—during World War I, many of them engaged in national politics, devising eugenic methodologies to serve the ideological imperatives of their own countries rather than the proclaimed universalism of the prewar years.

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Vörös, Boldizsár. "Children’s War Games and Toys in Hungary, 1914–1918". Historical Studies on Central Europe 3, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2023): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2023-1.07.

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Children’s games are accurate reflections of a community’s culture with its values, norms and expectations. The Hungarian games of the World War I period were also such expressions both in regard to children’s play activities (which they were able to pursue without toys, with toys they made themselves, or with those produced by official manufacturers) and the products of toy manufacturing companies. In this study, numerous games (for example, group battles, board games produced by manufacturers and put into commercial circulation, etc.) are discussed and analysed. At the same time, the various views on games by pedagogical experts and contributors to children’s magazines published at the time are also discussed. My research has revealed that not only do these games demonstrate some peculiarities of the World War I (for example, the war’s impact upon the most diverse areas of life) but that the War itself brought into prominence certain features of such games and carried into effect their latent possibilities (for example, war games becoming especially brutal). Beyond the scope of research on games and toys, on a more general note this study shows that cultural phenomena can react to radical historical changes.

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R, SAFEED. "Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore". GIS Business 14, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4672.

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In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.

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Osman, Mugtaba y Andrew C. Parnell. "Effect of the First World War on suicide rates in Ireland: an investigation of the 1864–1921 suicide trends". BJPsych Open 1, n.º 2 (octubre de 2015): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000539.

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SummarySince the proposition of the social integration theory by émile Durkheim, macro-sociological changes have been speculated to affect suicide rates. This study investigates the effect of the First World War on Irish suicide rates. We applied an interrupted time series design of 1864–1921 annual Irish suicide rates. The 1864–1913 suicide rates exhibited a slow-rising trend with a sharp decline from the year 1914 onwards. The odds for death by suicide for males during the 1914–1918 period was 0.811 (95% CI 0.768–0.963). Irish rates of suicide were significantly reduced during the First World War, most notably for males.

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Branach-Kallas, Anna. "Traumatic Re-enactments: Portraits of Veterans in Contemporary British and Canadian First World War Fiction". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 31 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2018.31.09.

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The paper focuses on the portrait of the First World War veterans in selected British and Canadian novels published at the turn of the twenty-first century. The authors use various means to depict the phenomenon of trauma: from flashbacks disrupting the present, through survivor guilt, nightmares and suicide, to aporia and the collapse of representation. The comparative approach used in the article highlights national differences, yet also shows that the discourse of futility and trauma provides a trasnational framework to convey the suffering of the First World War. As a result, although resulting in social castration and disempowerment, trauma serves here as a vehicle for a critique of the disastrous aftermath of the 1914-1918 conflict and the erasures of collective memory. Re-enacting traumatic plots, the British and Canadian novels under consideration explore little known facets of the 1914-1918 conflict, while simultaneously addressing some of our most pressing anxieties about the present, such as social marginalization, otherness, and lonely death.

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Woodward, David R. "The Great War, 1914-1918, and: Who's Who in World War One (review)". Journal of Military History 67, n.º 4 (2003): 1310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0341.

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Shalamov, V. A. "HEALTHCARE OF VERKHNEUDINSK (ULAN-UDE) DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918)". Bulletin of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, n.º 1 (2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/2222-9175-2020-37-37-48.

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Sabancı, Zeynep y Somer Alp Şimşeker. "A NEW TYPE OF WARFARE: Chemical Filling Facilities in Istanbul, 1914–1918". Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology 28, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/icon.2023.2.03.

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In the total war era, states committed their scientific research to rapidly changing warfare conditions, making the management of war the primary goal of contemporary states. The weakness of primary weapons in neutralising the enemy (or enemies) was obvious from the beginning of the First World War. Constantly changing war strategies, integration of civilians into warfare, and the growing sense of impotence as the war proceeded longer than expected, prompted a return to the components of violence. Although research into the use of different chemicals, gases, and suffocating substances in weapons was not something new, its successful employment climaxed during the First World War. This study provides an analysis of the employment of chemical weapons during the First World War and revisits the scarce arguments on whether the Ottomans had taken part in producing chemical weapons. The primary focus here is the gasfilling facilities established in Istanbul under the supervision of German efforts for military purposes. Additionally, the unanticipated extraordinary effects of the use of chemical weapons, the strategies employed to cause attrition in trenches, and its effects on the Ottoman army are within the scope of this article.

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Bourque, Stephen. "Fleming, The Illusion Of Victory - America In World War I". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 31, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.31.2.104-105.

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Although the Great War of 1914-1918 has long been a popular topic for European historians, it has generally been ignored by American scholars. Consequently, few students know much about it, other than vague ideas that the "War to End All Wars" was caused by German submarines sinking the Lusitania, America "saving" France, and a League of Nations that the United States did not join. This lack of factual awareness is unfortunate since it is exactly the kind of story our citizens need to understand.

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Diehl, Kimberly Natalie. "Representações e concepções relativas à mulher em postais franceses da Grande Guerra (1914-1918)". Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 3, n.º 5 (21 de diciembre de 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v3i5.13992.

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Partindo do pressuposto que as imagens são também documento e monumento (LE GOFF, 1996), pois são produtos da ação humana que revelam marcas do passado, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como as mulheres são representadas em um conjunto de cartões postais franceses, difundidos no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Nesses postais, as imagens diferem do real, logo, colaboraram para construir e propagar concepções e valores relativos a noções de gênero.Palavras-chave: Cartões-Postais, Representações, Gênero, Primeira Guerra Mundial. Abstract Assuming that images are also document and monument (LE GOFF, 1996) since are products of the human action that reveals past marks, this article aims to analyze how women were displayed in French postcard sets in the World War I background (1914-1918). The postcards' images differ from real which, and then, they allow to construct and propagate conceptions and values related to notions of gender.Keywords: Postcards, Representations, Gender, World War I.

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Begum, Imrana. "The Muslims of India and the First World War 1914-1918". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research 5 (1 de marzo de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2371-1655.2019.05.01.

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GELFAND, LAWRENCE E. "Through the Prism of Seven Decades: The World War, 1914?1918". Diplomatic History 14, n.º 1 (enero de 1990): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1990.tb00079.x.

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Siebrecht, Claudia. "Tammy M. Proctor, Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918". European History Quarterly 42, n.º 2 (abril de 2012): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691412440082x.

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Fischer, Christopher. "Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918 (review)". Journal of World History 23, n.º 2 (2012): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0038.

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Monger, David. "Tammy M. Proctor, Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918". Journal of Contemporary History 47, n.º 3 (julio de 2012): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009412440542c.

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Bąbiak, Grzegorz P. "Poeta tłumacz w czasie wielkiej wojny. Przekłady Jana Kasprowicza w latach 1914–1918 ." Poradnik Językowy, n.º 10/2022(799) (5 de septiembre de 2022): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.14.

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The text presents Jan Kasprowicz’s translation work during the First World War. It discusses the War’s contribution to the concentration on this form of literary activity and to the selection of the works by the most distinguished Greek tragic dramatist, Euripides. The author presents the view that the fact that Kasprowicz took up the ambitious project of translating all works by Euripides resulted from the Academy of Learning’s commission on the one hand and from the translator’s conscious decision on the other hand. By going back to antiquity, Kasprowicz endeavoured to answer the questions that were fundamental during the War: about its sense and price. Apart from presenting the timeline of Jan Kasprowicz’s translations in detail, the author mentions the key facts from his biography during the War. He also quotes the translator’s statements about the translation techniques and positions them in the context of contemporary theories of translation.

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Reis da Silva, Sara. "A Selection of Relevant Portuguese Children’s Literature Published in the Period of World War I". Libri et liberi 7, n.º 2 (3 de mayo de 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21066/carcl.libri.7.2.4.

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The systemic singularities of children’s literature seem to have determined the relative inconsistency of critical approaches based on historiography, where the “nodal points” are mainly of a temporal, topographical, institutional and figurative nature. One of the historical periods whose “historiographical reading” of literary outlines is incomplete and unsystematised corresponds to the timeframe between the beginning and the end of World War I. We will revisit some Portuguese authors and their works: O Navio dos Brinquedos [The Toy Ship] (1914) by António Sérgio, Era uma Vez[Once Upon a Time] (1916) by Maria Sofia Santo Tirso, and the “Polichinelo” [Punchinello] series (1918–1921) by Emília de Sousa Costa, published between 1914 and 1918, in an attempt to elucidate their technical singularities, and their most relevant ideothematic lines. Falling under the category of First Republic literature, these texts betray aesthetic sensibilities and very different ideologies, showing what was written for children and what young readers read in wartime.

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Pirnat, Jani. "Animals in the Years 1914–1918 as Part of War Propaganda". Instinct, Vol. 4, no. 1 (2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m6.071.art.

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The article focuses on examples of also using animals for war propaganda. Photography served to justify animal drafting, to keep up the military morale, and to show how cruel the enemy was. The animal ‘heroes’ of the newspapers– horses, dogs and pigeons – illustrate the attitude of humankind toward animalkind in the first industrial and technological war that showed the vulnerability and the nonsense of using animals on the fronts. Keywords: animals in war, First World War, photography, propaganda images of animals, representation of animals, surveillance

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Pedroso, José Luiz, Stefanie C. Linden, Orlando G. Barsottini, Péricles Maranhão Filho y Andrew J. Lees. "The relationship between the First World War and neurology: 100 years of “Shell Shock”". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 75, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20170046.

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ABSTRACT The First World War was a global war, beginning on 28 July 1914, until 11 November 1918. Soon after the beginning of the war, there was an “epidemic” of neurological conversion symptoms. Soldiers on both sides started to present in large numbers with neurological symptoms, such as dizziness, tremor, paraplegia, tinnitus, amnesia, weakness, headache and mutism of psychosomatic origin. This condition was known as shell shock, or “war neurosis”. Because medically unexplained symptoms remain a major challenge, and considering the close relationship of symptoms described in shell shock with clinical neurology, we should study their history in order to improve future care.

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ERMACORA, MATTEO. "Assistance and Surveillance: War Refugees in Italy, 1914–1918". Contemporary European History 16, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2007): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004110.

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AbstractThis article deals with the forms of assistance given to refugees in Italy during the First World War. The entire subject has been neglected because of the dominant myth of a victorious nation. The Italian situation was peculiar because of the high level of migration and the multi-ethnic origin of people in the border areas. By pinpointing the pattern of relocation in Italy during the war this article seeks to explain the policies pursued by the state and by aid agencies, the rationale behind that aid and the continuities and discontinuities in the assistance given to the refugees. Significant political, juridical and social issues evolved around the image of the refugee, including the protection that the state owed to its citizens.

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