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1
Furat, Mina. "Rural Development And Women." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615576/index.pdf.
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This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquo<br>s empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo<br>s organizations (two women&rsquo<br>s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo<br>s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as<br>psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.
2
Klenk, Rebecca Marshall. "Educating activists : gender, modernity, and development in north India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6479.
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Gills, Dong-Sook Shin. "The forgotten workers : rural women in Korean development." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419779.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Rural development programmes : their impact on women : a Bangladesh study." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61071.
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Rural development is a serious problem in Bangladesh, and so is the situation of women. This thesis assesses the programmes offered by a particular non-governmental organization, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), which simultaneously promote rural development and improve the status of women. This assessment is achieved by examining the functioning and impact of these programmes in a single village. The study is exploratory and uses qualitative methods, employing principally unstructured but in-depth interviews. Results indicate that most village women were aware of the need for improvement in the position of women, but interest, and thus active participation, was greater among those who were widowed or divorced. For these women, the programmes did succeed in raising their income through better technical knowledge, and in some ways improved their position in the family and society. They did not, however, succeed in raising their administrative knowledge, confining them to "women's only" projects, and did little to increase political empowerment.
5
Irenaeus, Ellen. "Empowerment of women- a strategic tool in rural development : Case study at the Barli Development Institute for Rural Women, Madhya Pradesh, India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158829.
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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in Northern Thailand /." View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.111031/index.html.
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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in northern Thailand." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/722.
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The development policy and plans of the Thai government have emphasized economic growth aimed at 'modernising' the country, enacted through agricultural modernisation and industrialisation under the name 'rural development'. Women In Development (WID) approaches based on the modernisation model have been added to 'development' plans more recently. Examination of the effects of these WID programmes upon rural women demonstrates that poor women are disempowered by the 'top-down' rural development programmes. This study is an attempt to test collaborative action research (CAR) as a methodology to empower rural women to become the decision makers in the rural development process. CAR was carried out in Sandee Village, northern Thailand. This suggests that rural women can be empowered through continuous cycles of the collaborative learning process of planning, acting, observing and critical reflection with the researcher acting as a facilitator. Through this learning process, rural women have increased their capacity to make choices, to deal with existing constraints and to create changes. In this respect 'development' can be initiated from within.
8
Abdel, Rahman Soheir M. "Development intervention and women's participation : a case study in rural Egypt /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809671.
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Wong, Chau Ying. "Participation and empowerment : an ethnography of Miao women in rural China /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202003%20WONG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-134). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
10
Sansak, Avorn, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in northern Thailand." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Sansak_A.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/722.
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The development policy and plans of the Thai government have emphasized economic growth aimed at 'modernising' the country, enacted through agricultural modernisation and industrialisation under the name 'rural development'. Women In Development (WID) approaches based on the modernisation model have been added to 'development' plans more recently. Examination of the effects of these WID programmes upon rural women demonstrates that poor women are disempowered by the 'top-down' rural development programmes. This study is an attempt to test collaborative action research (CAR) as a methodology to empower rural women to become the decision makers in the rural development process. CAR was carried out in Sandee Village, northern Thailand. This suggests that rural women can be empowered through continuous cycles of the collaborative learning process of planning, acting, observing and critical reflection with the researcher acting as a facilitator. Through this learning process, rural women have increased their capacity to make choices, to deal with existing constraints and to create changes. In this respect 'development' can be initiated from within.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
11
Liepins, Ruth. ""Women in agriculture" : a geography of Australian agricultural activism /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000215.
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Lohitwisas, Snong. "Rural Women and Development: A Study of Factors Affecting Participation of Rural Women in Nonformal Education Programs in Thailand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332700/.
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This study identified and analyzed factors which affect the participation of rural women in nonformal education programs. These factors were linked to the national program for rural women. Document analysis and unstructured interviews of policy personnel were used to describe national policies for educational programs for women, the status of women's participation in those programs, and issues that influence women's education. Participant observation and unstructured interviews were employed to obtain data in the field study of Baan Kha Klang village. Forty-two women in the village, 21 who had participated and 21 who had not participated in nonformal education programs within the past year, were randomly selected as subjects.
13
Ndhlovu, Gretchen Nokukhanya. "Exploring the development challenges facing rural women in Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11253.
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The objectives of the study are to explore how women assess their situation in Matabeleland South with regard to their socio-economic realities; to find out the individual and community circumstances that these rural women in the drought prone region find themselves in; to explore the most important development challenges in relation to the impacts of climate change, access to water, food insecurity, poverty, education and health facilities; to examine the survival strategies that rural women adopt in the present situation and to ascertain the recommendations they make to the government and Non Governmental Organisations to improve their situation.
14
Miller, Doug. "Women, development and social change, the women of rural Malawi ; a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0026/MQ39947.pdf.
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Ntloko, Balisa Mirriam. "Hearing the voice of rural women regarding personal development issues." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12736.
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Some rural communities in South Africa suffer from the results of inequity and disempowerment. It is especially black females who are affected in this regard. A number of factors contribute to the oppression of female voices in their rural communities. In this study the voice is considered the right and freedom of speech for women to express their opinions in order to influence others. Both the national government and civil society fervently push for the placement of women and children empowerment onto the development agenda. Yet, one still notes with concern that in reality, it seems to be mostly men who fully enjoy freedom of speech, senior employment and decision making powers in South Africa. Thus, it remains evident that not enough has been done to redress gender inequities,especially in South African rural communities. Focussing on one rural community situated in the outskirts of the Eastern Cape (former Transkei), this research undertook to determine the various ways in which rural women may have their voice heard in their immediate communities, particularly pertaining to personal development issues. Community members, who were identified through a purposive sampling method, shared their perceptions on the research topic.Through the research, it has become clear that in order to overcome female silence, the communal role of women needs to be broadened beyond the scope of traditionally gendered activities such as the carrying out of house work/chores such as cooking or childrearing. Furthermore, women must be knowledgeable about their basic human rights and responsibilities; their education in this regard should be made a national priority. It has also become evident that in order to overcome female voices remaining silent, women should begin to take greater personal responsibility over their reproductive health.Practical recommendations to ddress each framed theme have been presented.
16
Kanokwan, Phankasem. "Women's knowledge : rethinking gender relations and development in rural northeast Thailand /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901270.
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Miron, Sharon Gail. "Empowering women through development, the perspectives of filipino women in a rural non-government program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21245.pdf.
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Simi, Shahin. "Towards sustainable entrepreneurship and social development for rural women in Bangladesh." Thesis, Simi, Shahin (2011) Towards sustainable entrepreneurship and social development for rural women in Bangladesh. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/8892/.
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Entrepreneurship today has become an important professional skill to reduce poverty among rural women in Bangladesh. Recent studies show that most rural women borrowers claim that their sustainable socio-economic development depends on current ‘micro credit policy’. However, most women entrepreneurs’ practical situation is still vulnerable and unproductive, especially in rural Bangladesh. Usually, when a woman runs an enterprise solely, after a certain period, if she is unsuccessful, that micro credit turns into a burden for her. The study proposes to critique micro credit policy, because the practical fact is the micro credit policy most often only tries to help rural women to survive, but does not encourage them to sustain their business through group co-operation. The paper attempts to discuss from different perspectives the ability of women entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh to improve their economic situation and to strengthen their empowerment in the rural community. In addition, the research also analyzes the socio-economic sustainability of women’s enterprises. The study examines key approaches to eradicate the poverty and vulnerability of rural women as they aim to reach the MDGS (Millennium Development Goals) through entrepreneurship development corresponding to small business institutions. It shows how group-based women’s enterprises as co-operative societies can improve the chances of sustainability of their businesses and can provide faster capital accumulation. The study also investigates whether there are enough prospects for food processing and handicraft as business for rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Indeed, a new insight of policy initiatives has been proposed, like reducing micro-credit interest rate or distribution of a little funding by government or some donor agencies to cover the higher costs of microfinance institutions (MFIs) instead of imposing higher interest rate for encouraging women to sustain into their enterprise business. The main findings of the study are rural women entrepreneurship development for eliminating poverty, empowering women with more advanced education and skill and, ensuring sustainable development of rural women through improving micro-credit policy, precise government’s intervention and group-based entrepreneurship business efforts.
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Zulu, Lilly Tendai. "Female education breaks the cycle of poverty : a case study of Chikomba rural district, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018691.
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The research which forms the basis of this thesis describes rural women’s perceptions of how Camfed education and skills development programmes have improved their lives in the Chikomba rural district in Chivhu, Zimbabwe. The researcher was motivated to carry out this study mainly due to the fact that in most rural societies in Zimbabwe, women are found suffering from social, cultural and political biases in the traditional male dominated society of Zimbabwe. Compared to their male counterparts, women have limited access to educational and employment opportunities and also have less social and political power than men. Being heads of households, women have to carry out the full traditional roles with the added responsibility of household and production management. The purpose of this study was to inform those investing and interested in women’s education about whether, how and the conditions under which women’s education directly improves women’s own lives and decreases poverty in the family and society. Camfed is an organization that advocates for female education particularly in the marginalized and poor parts of the country where poverty remains a barrier to girl’s education. It provides financial resources and establishes innovative education and training programs in order to break the poverty cycle in rural communities and empower women. A quantitative approach was employed in this study using a descriptive survey design, with the emphasis on collecting primary data from the research participants as well as consulting secondary data sources such as books, academic journals, completed and unpublished post-graduate research dissertations and theses. Findings of this study revealed that financial constraints, early marriage, proximity to school, death of parents as well as domestic chores were factors identified by the women that prevented them from completing school and pursuing further studies. The women also describe their perceptions of how education has led to better opportunities and an improved standard of living as they can now afford the basic goods and services. Moreover the participants mentioned how education has provided them with the basic skills to pursue a livelihood which will enable them to enjoy a decent standard of living. The research also found that education is an important determinant of women’s decision making in terms of finances and thereby improves their sense of empowerment. The women talked extensively about how education has raised their self-esteem and how it has enhanced their economic and social independence. At the end of the study and using the acquired information, several recommendations are made for the expansion and increase of programmes that offer incentives to keep girls in school, especially at secondary level where returns for girls are substantially greater in-terms of reducing poverty and improving the wellbeing of individuals.
20
Maiolo, Teresa. "An action research investigation into new ways rural women in Western Australia can increase their involvement in government decision-making." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/817.
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This research investigates the role of information communication technologies (ICTs) in the promotion of rural women's participation in governmental decision-making. The origins of the research lie in apparent discrepancies between the Australian government’s high-level, policy commitment to increase rural women's involvement in government decision-making and the continuing barriers to their participation as demonstrated by researchers such as Elix and Lambert, (1998); and Wilkinson and Alston, (1999). This research deploys a feminist action research methodology to explore new ways to increase rural women's involvement in government decision-making in Western Australian. The first phase of the research, a phenomenological field study, investigated two research questions, • Why are so few rural women involved in government decision-making in Western Australia? and • What are new ways to increase rural women's involvement in government decision-making in Western Australia? The second phase of the research explored rural women's receptiveness to the implementation of information and communication technologies and any issues they had with using them. In phase one, 21 women from seven rural communities in Western Australia were interviewed to understand their experiences of the government decision-making system. Drawing on Covey's (1999) and Bronfenbrenner's (1979) frameworks, a Government decision-making framework was formulated to bring together the barriers and drivers that affect rural women's engagement with decision-making. This included three levels of factors that influence rural women's involvement - personal, interpersonal and cultural. Further, the Change strategies framework was developed to outline new ways to increase rural women's involvement in government decision-making. Five change strategies, targeting the personal resource and cultural level of the government decision making system were identified. Phase two of the study is a case study of an online meeting between 67 Western Australian rural women and the then Deputy Premier. It showed that rural women found the online government meeting reduced barriers such as limited resources of time and money, but, new barriers with using the technology emerged. A clear outcome is a paradigm shift from prioritising homogeneity to heterogeneity among government decision-makers is needed to address rural women’s different personal, interpersonal and cultural needs.
21
Yamile, Ntomboxolo. "Rural women in poverty alleviation projects: the Masihlumisane project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7312.
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Masihlumisane (let’s grow together) is a community based project in a small rural community of Glenmore situated to the south of the Great Fish River Nature Reserve (GFRNR) and half way between Grahamstown and Peddie in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This rural community was established as a resettlement center during pre-1994 South African government forced removals (Hallett, 1994). Glenmore is economically and socially impoverished as there are few businesses, little economic activity and minimal social tradition in the settlement (Murray, 1989). This village is characterised by an out migration of people of an economically active age, high unemployment amongst residents, dysfunctional families due to parents living elsewhere in order to earn a living, and a youthful population desperate to obtain skills and experiences that will benefit them when they leave Glenmore in the future.
22
Nwanesi, Peter Karubi. "Development, Micro-credit and Women's Empowerment: A Case Study of Market and Rural Women in Southern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/958.
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This study investigates women's economic empowerment in relation to micro'credit schemes in southern Nigeria. The study also evaluates the benefits and limitations of micro'credit as a resourceful means of enhancing women's economic activities in the labour market and eliminating poverty among market and rural women. Micro'credit schemes and institutions which provide soft loans to women have become a critical tool in development programmes aiming to empower them. The Nigerian government (both at Federal and State levels) has pursued this development trend since 1985 and today, it is estimated that an increasing number of Nigerian women participate in these schemes. Besides, it is widely accepted among development practitioners that micro'credit schemes not only contribute to poverty reduction but also empower the have'nots. My research design has drawn on gender analytical frameworks such as the 1980 Harvard Analytical Framework, Kabeer's 1998 Women's Empowerment Assessment, and Mayoux' 2001 micro'credit empowerment paradigm. This study employed as its methodology, ethnographic field research. This includes semi'structured interviews and participant observation. In addition, data was obtained from state databases, archives and development websites. Throughout, both qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis were used. This study found that women in southern Nigeria are extensively engaged in economic activities. It also established that micro'credit provides finance to enhance market and rural women's participation in production and trade. The study further ascertains that women have some control over their loans. However, increased economic activities may have also increased participants' financial responsibilities and household decision'making is still a prerogative of male head of the family. In addition, this study found that older married women in this region enjoy a comparatively high degree of personal mobility, but restrictions on travel in terms of distance and time are very common for younger married women. These restrictions are sanctioned by customs, household obligations, and social infrastructures. While problems with the transportation network have enhanced the middlemen's domination of economic activities in this region they increased women's dependence on their services. All this renders empowerment for women more difficult to achieve although it makes a practical contribution to their everyday lives.
23
Mangena, E. D. "Problems and challenges faced by umemployed women in Shoromong Village of Mopani Disrict." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2364.
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Thesis (M.Ed. (Community and Continuing Education)) --University of Limpopo<br>Unemployment is a crucial problem in the whole world. There are still a high number of
unemployed rural women in the world in general and in South Africa in particular. Rural women are still marginalized and stay in poor conditions because they are unemployed, poor and lack skills required by the market. Black rural women form the majority of illiterates and unemployed in the country and this have a negative impact on the development of the country. This means that rural women stay in conditions of squalor because they are unemployed, poor and lack skills required by the labour market.
This study focuses on the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women. It was conducted in Shoromong village of Greater Tzaneen Municipality in Mopani District.
Unemployed rural women need to be empowered through ABET (Adult Basic Education and Training) programmes to stand up and fight poverty, ill health and other social ills they face. Chapter one outlined the background of the problem of unemployment based on the education in the past (before 1994). I also discussed different types of unemployment, causes and their effects. I formulated the following aim of the study: To investigate the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in
Shoromong village. In order to achieve the aim outlined above, I formulated the following main research question: What are the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in Shoromong village? It is the objective of this study to develop a detailed picture of the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in Shoromong village, explore the unemployed rural women’s
feelings and attitude about their present situation, to contribute towards the development of a programme that will address problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women, to contribute towards empowerment of rural women in order to enable them to take their rightful place in society and to bring awareness to the local government about poor living conditions in Shoromong village.
Chapter two outlines the theoretical framework of the study. It is based on the readings of the relevant literature and preliminary discussions with the unemployed women of Shoromong village. I have also defined the following concepts: social exclusion, poverty, unemployment and adult education. The following critical factors are discussed: loss of respect and dignity, financial constraints, lack of education and skills and poor living conditions. In chapter three, I described the design of the study. One path of data collection, being fieldwork is the main focus. The fieldwork is divided into phases, namely: Introductory phase, extensive fieldwork phase, and observation. Extensive fieldwork comprises of four stages of interviews. An exploratory design was chosen for this study. An explanation and discussion of the instruments that were utilized to collect data from different role players in various phases of data collection is also given. I further explained how the data that has been collected from various phases was analysed using qualitative data analysis method. Chapter four presents the empirical findings and analysis of the study. I have also outlined the detailed views of interviewees in relation to the critical factors of the study. Results of observations of the study are also given. The results of the study indicate that unemployed women are faced with multiple problems and challenges. Those problems and challenges not only affect them as individuals but also affect their children, spouses/husband, relatives, the community and the whole society. The reality is the burden is on the individual who experience unemployment from day to day.
Chapter five is the final chapter of my study. It presents the final conclusion and
recommendations of the study. It also provides suggestions of what can bring solutions to
problems and challenges of unemployed rural women in Shoromong village. This chapter
mentioned areas that need to be further researched as ABET field seems to be under- researched. The chapter concludes by discussing “reflections”. It is a section that is about my learning experiences and difficulties that I encountered during the process of this research.
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Bhatt, Meenakshi Sanjeev. "Participatory strategies in income generation programmes for poor women in India." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29247135.
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Madge, Clare. "Medicine, money and masquerade : women, collecting and rural development in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550929.
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This thesis assesses development theory by investigating the role of collecting to rural Gambians. Theories of development are based on the implicit acceptance of models of evolutionary development of society. Such models assume that societal development is linear, societies 'developing' from hunting and gathering (collecting) to farming to urban industrial modes of production as they ascend the 'evolutionary ladder'. Each stage is assumed to be distinct and not to overlap with the preceding or following stage. This thesis disputes such a model by revealing the vital importance of collecting to a so-called agricultural community in The Gambia. Research in Africa has hitherto concentrated on the farming system and cultivated crops and there is a large research gap concerning work on the collecting system and wild indigenous plant and animal species. Collecting is significantly more important than hitherto realized, suggesting that evolutionary models, and therefore theories on which development are based, are not only inaccurate but also potentially damaging. Collecting is only one aspect of rural individuals' adaptive survival strategies, interacting through time and space with farming and domestic activities. The importance of collecting is shown in this thesis, not only in subsistence terms to overcome seasonal stress both within and between years, but also as a vital component to the income-formation strategy of rural individuals and cosmology of socio-cultural life. Through an interdisciplinary approach this work attempts to dispel artificial boundaries placed on previous research in Africa. Since women are involved in collecting this thesis also contributes to the debate on gender and, through a methodology based on the individual, shows the importance of obtaining a differentiated view of women at both inter- and intra-household levels.
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McMillan, Carolyn Lesley. "Entrepreneurship and development as freedom : the case of women in rural Nepal." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28364.
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It is widely recognised that top-down, donor conditionality-driven and outside-expert-led initiatives that characterised early approaches to poverty alleviation among the world’s ‘bottom billion’ have largely failed. A new generation of development strategies, focused on entrepreneurship and small business ownership, are increasingly used to alleviate persistent poverty. This study explores the potential for entrepreneurship to act as a real and appropriate opportunity among rural Nepali women. Using the Capability Approach (CA) to define poverty and development, the thesis presents entrepreneurship as an opportunity that enables individuals to actively shape their lives and the lives of others to realise aspirations. This research study is exploratory and adopts a qualitative research approach, drawing data from the remote Rapti Zone in Mid-West Nepal. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine established women entrepreneurs and seven nascent women entrepreneurs involved with an entrepreneurship enabling organisation. These were complemented by data drawn from eight local experts and a village hall meeting with 26 participants. This data collection strategy enabled the study to present a contextualised understanding of female entrepreneuring within a remote and impoverished community. The results of the study contribute to ongoing debates regarding the relationship between entrepreneurship, capabilities and poverty as capability deprivation. The study contributes to a better understanding of the emancipatory impacts of entrepreneurship; highlights the significance of context on entrepreneurial opportunity and the transformative value of entrepreneurship enabling organisations; and presents evidence to suggest that entrepreneurship (as a new opportunity) enables a departure from pre-existing constraints through the extension of gender roles. Finally, the study indicates that, through collective agency, entrepreneurship has the potential to indirectly emancipate other women and girls within their context, contributing to a true departure from the intellectual, psychological, economic, social, institutional or cultural constraints that have, over the years, inhibited the actions of Nepali women.
27
Tshabangu, Siphiwe Noster. "Impact of poverty alleviation projects on rural women in Bohlabela : Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/658.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2005<br>The purpose of this study was to explore women’s involvement in poverty alleviation projects and to examine the benefits that are derived from such projects. The Phutuma Development Project and Gottenburg Women’s Group are the projects which were studied. The methods used to conduct this study involved collecting data through questionnaires and interviews. The various stakeholders, project members as well as government officials from the departments of Health and Social Development were interviewed.
This study is significant in that it can help the government in its efforts to assist the poor live a decent life, and to provide better services to communities. This study uncovers the kind of challenges that government departments and communities face when setting up poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends how this should be done to achieve optimum results.
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Pal, Mariam S. "An analysis of the role of women in economic development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66051.
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Griffith, G. "Village women cooperators : An Indian women's village producer co-operative as educator and agent of social change." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380520.
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Armour, Heather. "Empowering women through rural gender development : an evaluation of the Near East Foundation's modular approach in southern Morocco /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1400403.
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McVay, L. A. "The development and acquisition of leadership skills among rural women from Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546332.
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Dhlodhlo, Lindelani Mkhumbuzi. "Exploring the local economic development initiatives for unemployed rural women in Mandeni municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5393.
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Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Unemployment and poverty have an adverse effect on society and proactive and sustainable measures are needed to deal with it. Women and rural women in particular, form the most affected group when it comes to unemployment and poverty. Illiteracy and underdevelopment are the major barriers to the advancement of unemployed rural women. Women in rural settings in most cases rely on local economic development (LED) initiatives for day-to-day survival. Local government has a constitutional mandate to promote social and economic development in order to improve the quality life for the citizens of South Africa. This mandate has been followed by a number of policy documents and guidelines for LED to enable local authorities to perform this task efficiently. The concept of LED is a micro approach in that it deals directly with local issues of economic development through partnerships between communities, business, workers, development agencies and governmental agencies to promote local economy. There is a pressing need for local government to be proactive in dealing with issues of rural development and in supporting LED initiatives of rural women.
The literature review covers the theoretical framework of LED through examining both international and domestic practices. The review deals with the history of LED, the LED concept, development theories, evaluation of the practices of LED, as well as participatory development, pro-poor LED, and tourism as a response to LED. It further assesses the contextual framework of LED with particular attention to South African policy and practice. The state of LED in South Africa is discussed, together with the way forward for LED.
The study provides an investigation into the background of the Mandeni Municipality by looking at the demographic factors and geographical location of the area. The state of LED in Mandeni Municipality is highlighted, together with LED strategy for the Municipality, and major future development associated with LED. The study clearly portrays that there is a gap between the LED initiatives of the unemployed rural women and the Municipality. The strategic location of the Municipality facilitates future economic prospects for the area and new development proposals associated with LED. It is clear from the LED Unit structure in Mandeni Municipality that there is a lack of capacity to deal with the LED challenges and local economic initiatives. From the literature review it is clear that women are critical role players in LED because of their ability to initiate community-based economic development projects and to perform multi-task activities. It is evident that strong partnerships with various LED stakeholders working directly with low-income communities can play a meaningful role in alleviating poverty, and in the creation of employment.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Werkloosheid en armoede het vandag .n nadelige invloed op die gemeenskap en proaktiewe en volhoubare maatreels is nodig om dit hok te slaan. Wat werkloosheid en armoede betref, val vroue onder die groepe wat die meeste geraak word, veral plattelandse vroue. Ongeletterdheid en onderontwikkeling is die vernaamste hindernisse vir die vooruitgang van werklose plattelandse vroue. Vroue in .n plattelandse milieu steun sterk op plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe vir hulle dag tot dag oorlewing. Plaaslike regering het .n konstitusionele mandaat om maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te bevorder ten einde die lewenskwaliteit van burgers van Suid-Afrika te verbeter. .n Enorme behoefte bestaan dat die plaaslike regering proaktief moet optree wanneer aangeleenthede rakende plattelandse ontwikkeling en ondersteuning van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelings-inisiatiewe vir plattelandse vroue aangespreek word.
Op beleidsvlak het Suid-Afrika sterk klem geplaas op plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling as maatreel om sosio-ekonomiese toestande vir plattelandse gemeenskappe te verbeter. Plattelandse vroue staar egter reuse uitdagings rondom onderontwikkeling in die gesig. Die groot probleem vir hierdie navorsing is dat die Mandeni munisipaliteit se plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme, wat vroue as voorheen gemarginaliseerde en kwesbare groepe teiken, onsigbaar is. Plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe geskied in isolasie van die munisipaliteit en daar blyk maar .n powere vennootskap tussen die munisipaliteit en plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe wat deur vroue gevoer word, te wees. Die Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkelingseenheid (LED-eenheid), wat oor .n mandaat beskik vir die implementering van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme, het .n niksseggende rol in die bevordering van plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogramme vir plaaslike werklose vroue gespeel. Daarbenewens is daar baie vroue onder die bevolking van die Mandeni-munisipaliteit en die meerderheid van hulle is werkloos.
Die vernaamste doelwitte van hierdie studie was om probleme te identifiseer wat die LED-eenheid gehad het met die implementering van LED-programme vir die werklose vrou en om sy vlak van deelname, in belang van die werklose plattelandse vroue, te assesseer. Die fokusgroep-metode is tydens navorsing ingespan met die insameling van data oor die twee verskillende vroueorganisasies wat plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprojekte geinisieer het. Voorts is die onderhoud-metode tydens die studie toegepas vir die insameling van data rondom die drie munisipale amptenare en die Speaker van die munisipaliteit.
Die vernaamste bevindinge van die navorsing toon duidelik dat daar .n gaping bestaan tussen LED-inisiatiewe deur die plattelandse werklose vroue en die Mandeni-munisipaliteit. Die bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat die LED-eenheidstruktuur van die Mandeni-munisipaliteit oor onvoldoende fondse beskik en gebrek toon aan die nodige vermoe om die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsuitdagings en plaaslike ekonomiese inisiatiewe van die werklose plattelandse vroue te hanteer. Dit is duidelik dat vroue kritiese rolspelers in plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling is weens hulle vermoe om gemeenskapsgebaseerde ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprojekte te inisieer en hulle kennis om veelvuldige taakbedrywighede van stapel te laat loop. Ten slotte beveel die studie aan dat die LED-eenheid geherstruktureer word om die LED-agterstande binne die Mandeni-munisipaliteit aan te spreek, dat daar behoorlike koordinering van LED-programme moet wees, en dat die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe vir vroue sterk deur die Mandeni-munisipaliteit gesteun moet word.
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Goetz, Anne Marie. "The institutional politics of gender in development policy for rural women in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272656.
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Shrestha, Ava Darshan. "Eating cucumbers without any teeth : variations in the capacities of rural women to participate in rural development in Nepal." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318033.
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Hadebe, Mendi Rachel. "The role of rural women in sustaining small-scale community development, problems and successes: a case study of KwaNdaya Umbumbulu KwaZulu Natal." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/93.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree in Master of Arts in Development
Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development
Studies at the University of Zululand, 2008.<br>The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by rural women in development. KwaNdaya case study will be used to show their role.
History has shown that rural community development programs in the past have been based on a variety of policy approaches, but many have not addressed women's roles as producers, caregivers and reproducers. Women's work, priorities and lives have not been incorporated into development agendas and policies, and as a result many development projects have failed.
Women need to be seen as having the role of producers, caregivers and reproducers, all being essential for the maintenance of the family and community system. The assumption that there is some universal position that all women occupy in all societies must be eradicated.
This is a descriptive exploratory study that explored the major role of rural women who are practicing small-scale community development project. In addition the study highlights the challenges and successful stories as reported by rural women in the study.
This study was conducted in a remote rural area of KwaZulu-Natal Province. The population for the study was women who are working as a co-operative in their community production centre. The KwaNdaya production centre steering committee was used as a focus group to collect data, unstructured interviews was conducted, a questionnaire was formulated and used to ask open-ended questions concerning their project in the Zulu language.
Participatory research was used at KwaNdaya because it emphasizes the concepts of people, usually the oppressed whose concerns inform the focus of the research (Freire, 1972).
Participatory action research (PAR) was also applied, because it claims to be an approach with less exploitative qualities than research which treats people as research material and as objects, such as ordinary surveys and especially research which uses people as test cases (Reason, 1990:142}
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) principles were applied while gathering information at KwaNdaya that is, learning from, with and by local people where local people's criteria, classifications and categories was used. Their understanding, indigenous knowledge, viewpoints skills and practices was discovered and appreciated.
Qualititative content analysis was used to analyse information that was collected as Huysamen (1994:36) confirmed that the qualititative analysis is less abstracted and closer to raw data analysis since it is in a form of words, which are context based and also can have more than one meaning.
It was found that at KwaNdaya Production Centre women are faced with so many challenges but still are working together on a daily basis to achieve their goal that is, the alleviation of rural poverty and still their project which is small-scale in nature, is almost sustainable.<br>University of Zululand's Senate
Research Committe
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Cranney, Brenda. "The women of Himachal Pradesh, the impact of development on the everyday lives of poor, rural women in India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0018/NQ27287.pdf.
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Sugathan, Manju. "Community development and empowerment of women in rural India through a recycle textile cooperative." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10646/.
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In the village of Vellanchery, Tamil Nadu state, India, the main source of income is through the weaving of traditional silk saris. This activity is completed by the males of the families. This is a domestic process carried out on handlooms using a warp of approximately twenty-one metres; from which, three six metre sari lengths are produced. This leaves close to three metres of remnant silk yarns on the warp beam. Past efforts to make use of these remnant yarns have been aimed at the production of fashion accessories, including items such as: bangles and necklaces, which crucially are of low value and only sold in the local market. As such, the production of these items from remnant yarns provide minimal economic empowerment of the women in the village, which is very much needed. The thesis investigates the development of a process of recycling hand spun knitting yarn using 30% of these silk remnants collected from handlooms blended with 70% scoured lamb’s wool. Alluring and unique yarn colours, that are non-repeatable, and have excellent handle and knit-ability can be produced. Notably, non-repeatable yarn colours make this product unsuitable for the mainstream fashion market, however bespoke designs are extremely desirable for craft hand knitters. The idea is to use hand spinning, which is a therapeutic craft, whereby the wheels employed could be housed in one building to enable women to form a cooperative system. The aim of the project is to create a framework for a sustainable cooperative model combining the socio-economic and political aspects for setting up a women’s cooperative, including the technology for production and a marketing strategy.
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September, Lwandlekazi Christina. "Crop production and sustainable livehoods for rural women of Sutterheim in Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20488.
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The study focuses on investigating the impact of crop production to sustainable livelihood strategies among rural women. The main objective of the study are as follows: to investigate the extent to which Silwindlala crop production cooperative has improved the lives of Jerseyville rural women, to investigate the new skills that Jerseyville rural women have obtained from Silwindlala crop production cooperative, to explore on challenges that would contribute to failure of crop production cooperative and to come up with the recommendations that would contribute to policy formulation and skills on management of crop production cooperative of rural women. The study employed qualitative method for data collection and analysis. The main findings of this study were that, the impact of crop production on sustainable livelihood is still seasonal, during harvesting period. Data showed low educational status and lack of business management skills among rural women, however, technical skills and collective interest contributed to the success of the cooperative
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Hamunakwadi, Purity. "Successes and challenges of women's income generating projects in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6810.
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Women’s income-generating projects are regarded as a critical area in promoting sustainable livelihoods in the lives of the poor. This study centres on a cattle project in Sadomba village in Nyanga District, Zimbabwe. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and contributions of income-generating projects with regard to women; the necessary conditions for a successful cattle production project; the major challenges in women’s income-generating projects, and how income-generating projects can be strengthened, all in relation to this cattle project.The study is underpinned by the sustainable livelihood approach and literature on micro-financing of women’s projects in various countries. The study is based on qualitative methodology using a case study design and methods of data collection included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and sub-themes that arose in the study and thereafter all the data was grouped by a process of coding. The results indicated that the Sadomba cattle project has benefited the project members in terms of income generation by the selling of cattle and milk, for agricultural purposes (draught power) and also income they obtained from hiring their cattle to other community members in rainy seasons. The income generated has assisted them to send their children to school and attain higher education.In addition, it promotes community engagement when they share paddocks and dip tanks. However, despite these benefits, they face a number of challenges such as long distances to the market, a lack of microcredit and the unavailability of exotic breeds. Therefore, there is need to integrate the conditions that are necessary for successful income generating projects to the Sadomba cattle project.
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Eversole, Robyn. "Rural weavers in Southern Bolivia : a development project case study." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22584.
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While most people would agree that economic development is an important goal, and understanding of exactly what "economic development" implies, and how to achieve it, are considerably more elusive. Specifically, this paper addresses the concern about whether very small-scale "grassroots-style" development projects for producers--especially petty artisans--really have the potential to make a positive impact on an ailing economy. A case study of a textile weavers' project in rural northern Chuquisaca, Bolivia, among the Jalq's (Quechua-speaking) ethnic group, is presented in detail. The local-level organizations, known as "workshops", which administer this project are analysed along with economic data from households, in order to determine both the advantages of such a project for rural women weavers, and the project's limitations. The implications of a form of organization in which local-level organizations share administrative duties with a larger support organization--in this case, the Sucre-based Antropologos del Surandino (ASUR)--are also discussed. The gains and potential gains made by weavers and their households as a result of this project are not overwhelming, yet they are valuable steps toward increased empowerment and an expansion of economic and social options for the Jalq'a.
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Toro, Bigboy. "Rural women and the land question in Zimbabwe: the case of Mutasa District." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006945.
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Zimbabwean rural women make significant contribution to agriculture and are the mainstay of the farm labour. Although women do the majority of agricultural work, men, for the most part continue to own the land, control women‟s labour and make agricultural decisions supported by patriarchal social systems. Thus, rural women faced difficulties than men in gaining access to land under Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). Women‟s relationship with land is therefore through husbands, fathers, brothers or sons. Therefore, this study has undertaken with the objective of assessing the impact of land distribution programme with respect to its contribution to women‟s empowerment in the study area. The Gender and Development approach was employed to assess women access to land under the FTLRP. Such an approach to rural development can help in reducing the gender gap between women and men in order to achieve gender-balanced development. The study used qualitative research methodology where semi-structured interviews gather data from women in Mutasa District. Findings indicate that there are a number of challenges and constraints that are experienced by rural women under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme which include male land registration, no access to credit, inadequate government input support, lack of government laws and policies awareness on women land rights, shortage of farm implements and irrigation water supply and lack of agriculture training. On the other hand, culture and traditional practices still affect women in other cases, disadvantaging them in favour of men, as in inheritance of land and property in the household. It was generally assumed that the programme did not improve women access to land. To improve women access to land, in future, the study recommends that a serious intervention by the state should occur coupled with the revitalization of the programme and a paradigm shift towards an effective food security programme which emphasizes women and their important role in agriculture.
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Dyubhele, Noluntu Stella. "The survival strategies of unemployed rural women : a case study of Wooldridge." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1651.
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Despite decades of gender research and public action by civil society, policy makers continue to neglect the role of women as breadwinners who work at improving the socio-economic conditions in rural areas such as Wooldridge, a traditional rural village in the Amathole district of the Eastern Cape Province. The apartheid system created an environment that continues to perpetuate both poverty and gender inequality in rural areas. Hence, rural women in Wooldridge still experience poverty, despite welfare benefits. They are located in a poverty-stricken area without basic infrastructure and with little or no access to economic assets. They use primitive methods and indigenous knowledge to develop survival strategies. This study argues that unemployed rural women in Wooldridge cannot survive without assistance from government. Indigenous knowledge and agricultural as well as non-agricultural activities are critical to household livelihoods in Wooldridge. These activities are an important route through which these rural women can escape poverty. The primary objective of this research was to obtain a better understanding of how unemployed rural women survive in Wooldridge. Furthermore, the necessary conditions required to sustain livelihood in the rural areas were identified. This was mainly done to help alleviate the plight of rural women in Wooldridge and to improve the quality of life of the rural population. The aim is to generate a policy response to rural women that is economically development-oriented. The study was based on five research objectives. The first objective was to identify the survival strategies of unemployed rural women in Wooldridge; the second to ascertain what can be done to alleviate the plight of rural women in Wooldridge. The third objective was to ascertain what has been v done to address the needs of rural women in the Wooldridge area by actors of development, such as government and non-governmental organisations. The fourth objective was to identify the constraints faced by unemployed rural women in Wooldridge in achieving food security and generating income, with the last objective to make recommendations regarding policies that can enhance rural economic development and assist unemployed rural women to reduce poverty. The main finding in terms of the first research objective is that the survival strategies of unemployed rural women are welfare benefits, the selling of assets, remittances, handicraft production and vegetable gardens. In terms of the second research objective, the main finding is that investment in human capital through the empowerment of women will assist them in improving the quality of life of the Wooldridge community. Empowerment involves skills and training, education and access to basic services, expertise regarding credit, land, the growing of vegetables and income-generating projects. The main finding in terms of the third research objective is that the Peddie Women Support Centre that is located in the city centre of Ngqushwa does not have the capacity to reach out to rural areas. Rural women in Wooldridge have not received responses to their plights from government or from development practitioners. These actors of development play an important role in empowerment. In terms of the fourth research objective, the main finding is that structural constraints hinder the economic activity of rural women in Wooldridge. Government policy that encourages investment in infrastructure using labour-intensive methods will eliminate service backlogs in underserviced areas such as Wooldridge. The main finding in terms of the fifth research objective is to ascertain the impact that new legislation can have to ensure that rural women have the same access and entitlement to land and resources as women from urban areas. Furthermore, service-improvement programmes should be developed and micro-enterprises and agricultural and non-agricultural activities that will generate income and employment should be encouraged in order to reduce poverty in Wooldridge.
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Ansari, Rushina. "The Complexities of Empowering Rural Indian Women (A story of Indian Panchayats)." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21007.
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In the following research I strive to focus on the various aspects that influence the‘empowerment’ issue of rural Indian women. I refer to two governmental reforms inparticular - the historic ‘Women’s Reservation Bill’ (WRB) which insists on a onethird participation of women at the lower tier of political structure in India called thePanchayats and the controversial ‘Two Child Norm’ (TCN) which restricts politicalparticipation of both men and women Panchayat candidates if the couple chooses tohave more that two children (Buch, 2005).I spread my research over a variety of social actors relevant to this issue and useKabeer’s (1999) three-dimensional model of dissecting empowerment that analyzesthe term at an intrinsic level. It is revealed through this research and analysis that inspite of the government’s efforts through the WRB reform of providing resources tothe rural women toward economic and social empowerment through politicalparticipation, the power terrains of caste, culture and religion withhold their agency.On the other hand, the tainted TCN stipulation, which in some cases has proveddetrimental to women, has also shown signs of being helpful in determining theintrinsic aspect of empowerment like gaining a voice in terms of reproductive rights.Such findings however bring into focus the government’s lack of commitment andforesight in designing such reforms and hence this research helps us locate the sites ofdevelopment to make the term ‘empowerment’ more meaningful.
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Kapungu, Sheila T. "A study of rural women farmers' access to markets in Chirumanzu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80238.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigated the issues that rural smallholder women face in accessing markets in developing countries. Market access for rural smallholder farmers is increasingly being promoted as a means towards catalysing sustainable rural development. However, without addressing the gender specific issues that rural smallholder women farmers face in accessing markets, market access as a strategy towards sustainable rural development may fail to achieve its ends. This thesis gathered evidence from a group of smallholder women farmers in Chirumanzu, Zimbabwe, who are part of a market access project run by Oxfam, in order to highlight the issues that they face in accessing markets for their produce.
Primary and secondary data were used in the study. First, a literature review was conducted to assess the issues that smallholder rural women farmers in developing countries face in accessing markets and how the issues differ to those faced by male smallholder farmers. A thematic assessment of the issues was conducted, beginning with the production for market through to the actual market engagement. Secondly, primary data was collected in Chirumanzu, from rural smallholder women farmers who are participating in a market access project being facilitated by Oxfam. Data was collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and document review. Five focus group discussions were held with a total of 40 participants in August 2011. Some of the key findings were that rural smallholder women farmers face challenges in terms of meeting the labour demanded for market production, accessing market information and having to contend with high transport costs. The data was then compared with the points raised in the literature review. The comparison showed that most of the key issues raised in the Chirumanzu case study were similar to those identified in the literature review.
The study came to the conclusion that rural smallholder women farmers face different issues and more challenges in accessing markets compared to male farmers. Market access initiatives that do not recognise and address the gender specific challenges that women smallholder farmers face may therefore not be catalysts for sustainable rural development. Therefore recommendations are that market access initiatives should go beyond facilitating access to markets to address the structural social, economic and cultural issues that present special challenges and constraints to women smallholder farmers.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ondersoek ingestel na die kwessies waarvoor landelike vrouekleinboere in ontwikkelende lande te staan kom om toegang tot markte te verkry. Marktoegang vir landelike kleinboere word toenemend aangemoedig as ’n manier om volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling teweeg te bring. Indien die geslagspesifieke kwessies van marktoegang waarmee landelike vrouekleinboere te kampe het egter nié hanteer word nie, kan marktoegang as strategie vir volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling in gebreke bly om sy doel te bereik. Hierdie tesis het bewyse ingesamel van ’n groep vrouekleinboere in Chirumanzu, Zimbabwe, wat deel is van ’n marktoegangsprojek deur Oxfam, ten einde die soeklig te werp op die uitdagings wat hulle ervaar om marktoegang vir hul produkte te bekom.
Die studie het van primêre sowel as sekondêre data gebruik gemaak. Eerstens is ’n literatuuroorsig onderneem om te verken watter probleme landelike vrouekleinboere in ontwikkelende lande ondervind om marktoegang te verkry, en hoe dit verskil van die uitdagings waarvoor hul manlike eweknieë te staan kom. Die kwessies is tematies beoordeel en het gestrek van markgerigte produksie tot en met werklike markskakeling. Tweedens is primêre data ingesamel onder landelike vrouekleinboere in Chirumanzu wat aan ’n marktoegangsprojek deur Oxfam deelneem. Data is deur middel van fokusgroepbesprekings, onderhoude met sleutelinformante sowel as ’n dokumentoorsig bekom. Vyf fokusgroepbesprekings is in Augustus 2011 met altesaam 40 deelnemers gehou. Van die belangrikste bevindinge was dat landelike vrouekleinboere bepaald uitdagings ervaar wat betref die vereiste arbeid vir markgerigte produksie, toegang tot markinligting sowel as hoë vervoerkoste. Daarná is die data met die hoofpunte uit die literatuuroorsig vergelyk. Die vergelyking toon dat die meeste van die kernbevindinge in die Chirumanzu-gevallestudie met die bevindinge in die literatuuroorsig ooreenstem.
Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat landelike vrouekleinboere voor andersoortige kwessies en meer uitdagings as hul manlike eweknieë te staan kom ten einde marktoegang te verkry. Marktoegangsinisiatiewe wat nié hierdie geslagspesifieke uitdagings van vrouekleinboere erken en hanteer nie, kan dus in gebreke bly om waarlik volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling teweeg te bring. Daarom beveel die studie aan dat marktoegangsinisiatiewe oor méér as die blote fasilitering van marktoegang handel, en ook aandag skenk aan die strukturele maatskaplike, ekonomiese en kulturele kwessies wat besondere uitdagings en beperkings vir vrouekleinboere inhou
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Knowles, Sima Kaur. "Radio & development : access and uses of the radio public sphere by rural Baganda women." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434711.
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This thesis examines ways in which radio stations serve the development 'needs' of rural Baganda women in Uganda. The thesis argues that a new participatory public sphere has been created in Uganda with the rise of commercial radio stations, with important implications for social development. These conclusions are drawn from an analysis of media liberalisation and globalisation in Uganda, informed by communication development theories and the theory of the Public Sphere. The thesis, examines the African Public sphere and the way that Uganda's vibrant oral culture has fostered the rapid expansion of radio services in the region. It unpacks 'development' as a concept, exploring its relationship to radio services in Africa and Uganda in particular. The thesis concludes that as part of the push for 'development', media liberalisation has led to haphazard licensing of radio frequencies with no proper spectrum planning. It has also seen the growing influence of commercial radio stations like Radio Simba. Using content analysis of the programme schedules of Radio Simba and the publicly funded Radio Uganda, the thesis examines the quality and nature of radio programmes available to rural Baganda women. Drawing on interviews and participant observation with radio producers and government representatives, it concludes that in places like Uganda, where national broadcasters are too close to governments, their public service role is limited. The thesis asserts that Radio Simba partly fills this role. U sing focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, the study goes on to examine the access and uses of radio by rural Baganda women for development. It concludes that rural communities use radio to inform, enhance farming practices, health promotion and human rights campaigns. Radio also has a 'psychosocial' purpose, enabling a redefining of Ugandan identity through music and 'local' programming. The thesis ends by describing some of the moral panic created as a result of the presence of this new global public sphere in Uganda, and the limited nature of Ugandan academic debate about the changing nature of public service broadcasting.
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Morgan, Chelsea, Judy G. McCook, and Beth Bailey. "First Trimester Depression Scores Predict Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Rural Appalachian Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7170.
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Gestational diabetes (GDM) occurs in up to 9% of pregnancies. Perinatal depression affects up to 20% of women during pregnancy, and can extend into the postpartum period. A number of studies have linked depression and diabetes, however, whether this applies to GDM or which might come first is less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship between depression identified in the first trimester of pregnancy and the subsequent development of GDM. Women without pre-existing Type I/II diabetes (n = 1021) were evaluated for depression during the first trimester of pregnancy, and medical records were reviewed to identify a positive history of diabetes. Women identified as depressed during the first trimester were more likely to have GDM compared to those not depressed. After controlling for demographic factors and weight-related variables level of depression in the first trimester still predicted later GDM development. Depression identified in early pregnancy may predict increased risk of subsequent GDM development. Due to the numerous maternal, fetal and neonatal complications associated with GDM, early recognition is essential to promote the best possible outcomes for mother and infant. Recognizing depression as a possible risk factor for GDM development could lead to earlier screening and preventative measures.
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Morrison, Chelsea, Judy G. McCook, and Beth Bailey. "First Trimester Depression Scores Predict Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Rural Appalachian Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7180.
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Gatonye, Margaret. "Social Inclusivity and Equitable Development: Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rural Communities of Kenya." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1586540674871228.
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Tauatsoala, Mahlola Michael. "The economic impact of agricultural co-operatives on women in the rural areas of Polokwane Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/500.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The introduction and establishment of co-operatives by the State was for purposes of
fighting and alleviating poverty through creating jobs, particularly in the rural areas,which were mostly neglected by the previous apartheid State. In order to deal with these social ills and malady, the new democratic government introduced cooperatives
to mitigate these challenges. These good intensions are often countered by lack of commitment by State officials and reluctance from other institutions to assist co-operatives to be catalysts in fighting poverty and unemployment in South
Africa, despite their noble intentions. In other developed countries, co-operatives are
given serious attention, not only because they are catalysts in poverty alleviation, but because they can make huge economic interventions with regard to economic
growth and economic development.
The intention of this study was to make an assessment of whether or not agricultural
co-operatives have any economic impact on women in the rural areas of Polokwane
Municipality, since their inception as entities for local economic development. The
study also assesses whether or not the State supports these entities in a variety of
forms. For this purpose, four co-operatives have been used as a Case Study,namely, Mashashane Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mashashane; Phegelelo Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Thaba village; Mothiba Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mothiba; and Itireleng Agricultural Co-operative at Matamanyane village in Moletjie
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Vanderhorst, Renee. "Professional help-seeking among women : development and testing of a model." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2007. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/37047.
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