Tesis: "Wheat research"

1

McGinley, Susan. "Irrigation Efficiency for Durum Wheat: Growing Pasta Wheat and Barley in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622226.

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2

Solina, Marica, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and Centre for Advanced Food Research. "Investigations on aroma development in wheat and soy extrudates." THESIS_CSTE_CAFR_Solina_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/525.

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The factors determining the generation of aroma in starch extrudates containing added ingredients with aroma precursors were elucidated. Analyses were performed using headspace analysis of raw materials and extrudates and subsequent analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O. Study I described the volatile, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Hydrolised vegetable protein (HVP)and Soy protein isolate (SPI). Studies II, III and IV descibed the volatiles developed from extrusion of different feedstocks under mild and extreme processing conditions. Wheat starch was chosen as the carrier.A comparison of the influence of the three different ingredients HVP, SPI and glucose, added to the starch feed, showed the formation of Strecker aldehydes and Maillard-type compounds were significantly affected by the addition of these ingredients. The work in this thesis demonstrated that the addition of ingredients such as HVP, SPI, glucose, cysteine, cysteine-HCI, modifies the aroma of wheat starch extrudates. Furthermore, it showed the changes in conditions of extrusion and pH will greatly influence the aroma profile of the products. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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3

Yu, Shaobing. "Winter wheat nitrogen management in south coastal British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29888.

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Nitrogen is essential to obtain high yields of winter wheat in south coastal British Columbia, which includes Vancouver Island and the lower Fraser Valley. An accurate recommendation for N application is required to keep input costs down for most economical returns and to limit environmental problems related to leaching of excess N. The questions are how much, when and which form of N should be applied to winter wheat. The general objective of this study is to improve our understanding of winter wheat growth and N uptake. This study monitors the soil N supply and characterizes the plant development, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake of winter wheat in South Coastal B.C.. Also, it compares the effectiveness of conventional and intensive crop N management and urea and ammonium nitrate sources of fertilizer N under intensive crop management. A series of field experiments was conducted in 1986-87 and 1987-88 with winter wheat to evaluate conventional and intensive N management in the area. Additionally, a N source study was carried out in the latter year to compare ammonium nitrate and urea. Soil N supply for winter wheat ranged from 52 to 151 kg N/ha through the two years of field experiments at five sites. Available N in the 0-50 cm soil depth varied from 10 to 100 kg N/ha through the growing season in the different treatments. An accurate estimate of N behavior involves N accumulation in the crop. During the early spring until harvest, the crop dry matter yield and N uptake patterns were plotted. The grain yields ranged from 4 to 9 t/ha for the conventional management (75 kg N/ha), and from 4 to 11 t/ha for the intensive crop management (I.CM. 225 kg N/ha) system. Between the conventional and I.CM., there was no significant difference in grain yield but there was in quality, specifically grain protein. Grain protein ranged from 8.2 to 9.7% for the conventional and from 10 to 13.7% for the I.CM. treatment. Also, there was no difference in grain yield or quality between ammonium nitrate and urea fertilized plots at final harvest. However, in the early stage at GS31, crop took up more N from ammonium nitrate (97 kg N/ha) than from urea (75 kg N/ha) and soil mineral N levels with urea were higher than with ammonium nitrate. Land and Food Systems, Faculty of Graduate

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4

McMillan, Jane Elizabeth. "Protein quality and digestibility of whole wheat as affected by drum-drying and single screw extrusion processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41693.

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two thermal processes, drum-drying and thermoplastic extrusion, on protein quality and digestibility of whole wheat. Coker 916 whole wheat flour was made into a simulated whole wheat spaghetti by extrusion cooking (single screw, 50 psi, 93°C) and a flaked product by drum-drying (152°C). Protein Efficiency Ratios (PER) of the original whole wheat kernels and the two processed wheat products were determined. The apparent digestibility of the four diets was determined from Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis of feces. Amino acid composition, available lysine analysis, colorimetry (Hunter L, a, b color values), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were also conducted to investigate the effects of thermal processing on protein quality. Both thermal processes significantly increased protein digestibility while PER’s of the drum dried flakes (1.66) and unprocessed whole wheat (1.59) were significantly greater than the extruded product (1.42) Thermal processing also resulted in substantial reductions in lysine (>10%) and several other essential amino acids. Hunter L, a, b values indicated that the drum-dried flakes were lightest in color, followed by the unprocessed whole wheat and the extruded product. The observed decrease in lysine and PER of the extruded product may be due in part to Maillard Browning, as indicated by Hunter color values. It appears that total lysine or Hunter L color values may be reasonable predictors of protein quality of processed whole wheat. DSC results suggest that starch was fully gelatinized during drum-drying of the whole wheat but on partially gelatinized during extrusion cooking. Master of Science

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5

Spanarkel, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Toxicity in Wheat." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6766.

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This research was conducted to quantify short- and long-term effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide on wheat. Growth, development, and yield of the spring wheat cultivar Veery-10 were measured in response to CO2 concentrations of 340 (ambient), 1200, and 2500 μmol moI-1 of CO2 air. These 3 CO2 levels were chosen to provide a control group, a predicted optimal CO2 environment, and a potentially toxic CO2 environment, respectively. A recirculating hydroponic system provided a near-optimal root-zone environment that was identical for all CO2 treatment levels. Environmental factors, other than CO2, were controlled at near optimal levels, although photosynthetic photon flux was actually suboptimal and higher levels would increase growth. Standard growth analysis procedures were used to measure growth rates and carbon partitioning to leaves, stems, and roots. Yield components were measured on mature plants. Because elevated CO2 levels may increase growth by increasing radiation absorption or by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, measurements of absorbed photosynthetic photon flux were calculated from measurements of incident, reflected, and transmitted photosynthetic photon flux. Growth and yield were increased by the 1200 μmol moI-1 of CO2 in air treatment in all trials. Growth and yield were reduced by the 2500 μmol moI-1 treatment in both long-term trials, but growth was not reduced by this treatment in two short-term trials. These data indicate that CO2 is toxic to wheat at 2500 μmol moI-1 (0.25%), but the effects are not expressed until the last half of the life cycle.

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6

Solina, Marica. "Investigations on aroma development in wheat and soy extrudates." Thesis, View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/525.

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The factors determining the generation of aroma in starch extrudates containing added ingredients with aroma precursors were elucidated. Analyses were performed using headspace analysis of raw materials and extrudates and subsequent analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O. Study I described the volatile, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Hydrolised vegetable protein (HVP)and Soy protein isolate (SPI). Studies II, III and IV descibed the volatiles developed from extrusion of different feedstocks under mild and extreme processing conditions. Wheat starch was chosen as the carrier.A comparison of the influence of the three different ingredients HVP, SPI and glucose, added to the starch feed, showed the formation of Strecker aldehydes and Maillard-type compounds were significantly affected by the addition of these ingredients. The work in this thesis demonstrated that the addition of ingredients such as HVP, SPI, glucose, cysteine, cysteine-HCI, modifies the aroma of wheat starch extrudates. Furthermore, it showed the changes in conditions of extrusion and pH will greatly influence the aroma profile of the products.

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7

McGowan, Jessica. "Generation of T. aestivum x Ae. speltoides doubled amphiploids for future use in heat tolerance research, and analysis of their clonality." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34475.

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Master of Science Genetics Interdepartmental Program - Agronomy Allan K. Fritz Wheat is increasing in importance as the global population rises; therefore, abiotic stresses adversely affecting wheat yield, such as heat stress, are of growing concern. Accessions of Aegilops speltoides, a relative of the ancestral donor of the B genome of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), have been determined to be highly heat tolerant. Six Ae. speltoides accessions were used as male donors in crosses with six hexaploid wheat lines, in all combinations, to obtain F1 amphiploid seed (ABDS = 28 chromosomes). The F1 seedlings were treated with a colchicine solution to achieve chromosome doubling (AABBDDSS = 56 chromosome doubled amphiploids) and grown out to maturity. S1 seed was collected for optimal or heat treatment after anthesis and SPAD readings were taken daily during treatment until maturity. In addition to physiological measurements, leaf tissue samples were collected from S1 plants and their respective parents for marker sequence analysis. Certain doubled amphiploids survived longer in heat treatment than their wheat parents with similar SPAD readings, but had a longer maturation time, similar to their Ae. speltoides parents. S2 seed was collected from 20 S1 plants, including one plant from the heat treatment. This heat screen demonstrates variation among the amphiploids, the genetic diversity within pedigree warrants further investigation into the viability and heat stress tolerance of the S2 seeds obtained from this experiment.

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8

Salazar, Adriana Isabel Diaz. "Effect of nitrogen, sulfur, and potassium chloride fertilization on the baking quality of soft red winter wheat." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040439/.

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9

Snowden, Kimberley Cathryn. "The molecular response of wheat roots to aluminium stress." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1967.

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Aluminium (Al) toxicity to plants is a significant problem, limiting agricultural production in up to 40% of the world's arable soils. In spite of a large amount of research, there is still no consensus on the physiological mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants. In addition, very little is known about the molecular response of plants to Al stress. This body of research was aimed at identifying the changes in gene expression that occurred in the root tips of plants that had been stressed with Al. A cDNA library made from the root tips of Al-treated wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Warigal) plants was differentially screened to identify clones whose expression was induced by Al stress. Seven cDNA clones, representing five different genes were identified as being induced in the presence of Al. Initial sequencing and northern analysis revealed that none of the clones isolated were full-length, and that some contained multiple cloning adaptors at their 5' ends. A new cDNA library was then constructed from the root tips of Al-treated Warigal plants, and homologues to each of the original five genes were isolated. These five clones were named wali1 to wali5 (for wheat aluminium induced). Northern analysis showed that wali1, -3 and -5 were induced 24 to 96 h after Al treatment, and their expression declined when the Al was removed. wali4 had a similar pattern of expression with a transient increase in expression also observed after 0.5 h of Al stress. Each of these four genes was induced by inhibitory concentrations of Al in two wheat cultivars - Warigal, an Al-sensitive cultivar, and Waalt, an Al-tolerant cultivar, - and also in two inbred lines of wheat, RR (Al-tolerant) and SS (Al-sensitive). The fifth gene (wali2) had a bimodal pattern of induction, and was induced by Al only in the Al-sensitive Warigal and the Al-tolerant RR. The nucleotide sequence of each of the wali clones was determined, and the databases were searched for homologous sequences. Wali1 was found to be homologous to a group of metallothionein-like proteins (MLPs) from plants, and wali4 was homologous to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). wali3 and wali5 encode related, cysteine-rich proteins with homology to Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors, and wali2 encodes a novel protein with a repeating motif of cysteine amino acids. The induction of the wali genes was investigated in response to a number of other stresses through northern analysis. The expression of wali1, -3, -4 and -5 was induced in root tips of wheat after 2 d treatments with toxic levels of all other metals tested (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ga, In and La). The expression levels of wali1, -3, -4, and -5 also increased in the root tips of plants grown in the presence of low levels of Ca (10μM). The transcript levels of wali1, -3 and -5 increased in wounded leaf and root tissue, whereas the transcript levels of wali4 increased only in wounded leaves. The expression of wali2 was greatly reduced by low concentrations of Ca, and showed no induction, or a variable response with most of the other treatments. The site of expression of wali1, -2, -3 and -5 in root tips (and wali1 also in leaf tissue) was identified using in situ hybridisation. Wali1 was expressed predominantly in the meristematic tissue of the root tip, while wali3 and wali5 were expressed predominantly in the cortical tissue of the root. wali2 expression was detected primarily in the epidermis and root cap. Some changes in the site of expression of these genes were evident in the roots of Al-treated plants. In leaf tissue, wali1 expression was found in the mesophyl1 layer of cells. The coding sequences for wali1,-2,-3 and -5 were each cloned into the bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. The resultant fusion proteins between glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the walis were then successfully purified from E coli. Antibodies were made to the wali1-GST fusion protein and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. However, when used in western analysis, no specific bands corresponding to the native wali1 protein were identified. The wali2-GST protein was used in a south-western procedure to determine if the protein was capable of binding DNA, but no DNA binding to this protein was detected under the conditions tested. The wali3 and wali5 fusion proteins were tested in proteinase inhibitor assays, where no inhibition of either trypsin or chymotrypsin was detected. It is possible that the native wali3 and wali5 proteins may not function as proteinase inhibitors, or that the lack of activity detected for the fusion proteins may be due to incorrect folding or processing in the bacterial system. This research constitutes the first identification of plant genes whose expression is increased by Al stress. The genes identified are also induced in response to other environmental and nutrient stresses, indicating that they form part of the plant's general response to stress. Appendix 4 restricted.

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10

Domitruk, Daryl Raymond. "A framework for drought tolerance research in no-till winter wheat in Saskatchewan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23984.pdf.

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11

Mog, David L. "An analysis of factors influencing wheat flour yield." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12452.

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Master of Agribusiness Department of Agricultural Economics John A. Fox The cost of wheat is the largest input cost for a flour mill, and as a result, profitability in wheat flour milling is determined in large part by milling efficiency – i.e., the amount of flour extracted per unit of wheat milled. In this project the objective was to quantify the influence of several measurable variables on flour mill efficiency. Data was collected from two commercial milling units of similar size. Linear regression was then used to estimate the relationship between flour yield and variables measuring grain characteristics and environmental factors. The analysis suggests that increasing ambient temperature and the occurrence of downtime both have a significant negative effect on flour yield. A significant difference in flour yield efficiency was also found between the two mills.

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12

Rehman, Abdul. "Fermentation characteristics and nutritional value of different proportions of alfalfa and wheat straw ensiled with and without different additives." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39767.

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13

Armstrong, Bruce. "Using digital image analysis for assessing the quality of wheat and barley." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/60071.

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This thesis explores the issues involved in developing a relatively low-cost digital imaging analysis (DIA) system fot the quality assessment of wheat and barley using commonly available equipment. It also explores the capability of such a system to provide rapid and accurate assessments. Master of Applied Science by research

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14

Loots, Shilo. "Isolation and characterization of Diuraphis noxia induced sequences from wheat line PI 294994." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25763.

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15

Steffan, Philippe. "An optimization model: minimizing flour millers’ costs of production by blending wheat and additives." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14975.

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Master of Agribusiness Department of Agricultural Economics Jason Bergtold ABSTRACT Grands Moulins d'Abidjan (GMA) is a flour milling company operating in Côte d'Ivoire. It wishes to determine the optimal blend of wheat and additives that minimizes its costs of production while meeting its quality specifications. Currently, the chief miller selects the mix of ingredients. The management of the company would like to dispose of a scientific tool that challenges the decisions of the chief miller. The thesis is about building and testing this tool, an optimization model. GMA blends up to six ingredients into flour: soft wheat, hard wheat, gluten, ascorbic acid and two types of enzyme mixes. Quality specifications are summarized into four flour characteristics: protein content, falling number, Alveograph W and specific volume of a baguette after four hours of fermentation. GMA blending problem is transformed into a set of equations. The relationships between ingredients and quality parameters are determined with reference to grains science and with the help of linear regression. The optimization model is implemented in Microsoft Office Excel 2010, in two versions. In the first one (LP for Linear Programming model), it is assumed that weights of additives can take any value. In the second one (ILP for Integer Linear Programming model), some technical constraints restrain the set of values that weights of additives can take. The two models are tested with Premium Solver V11.5 from Frontline Systems Inc., against four situations that actually occurred at GMA in 2011 and 2012,. The solutions provided by the model are sensible. They challenge the ones that were actually implemented. They may have helped GMA save money. The optimization model can nevertheless be improved. The choice of relevant quality parameters can be questioned. Equations that link ingredients and quality parameters, and particularly those determined with the help of linear regression, should be further researched. The optimization model should also take into account some hidden constraints such as logistics that actually influence the decision of GMA chief miller. Finally, sensitivity analyses may also be used to provide alternative solutions.

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16

Philipp, Norman [Verfasser], Jochen C. [Gutachter] Reif, and Tobias [Gutachter] Würschum. "Activating ex situ genebank collections of wheat and barley for breeding and research / Norman Philipp ; Gutachter: Jochen C. Reif, Tobias Würschum." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224233301/34.

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17

Jimoh, Mahboob Adekilekun. "Comparative study of the feeding damage caused by the South African biotypes of the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) on resistant and non-resistant lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003770.

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Cereal crop productivity is hampered when these plants are infested by phloem feeding aphids. A great deal of research has been carried out with the direct aim of a clearer understanding of the mechanism involved in the interaction between aphids and their host plants. Research has directly or indirectly been geared towards enhanced plant productivity and achieving sustainable agriculture. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important small grain crop in South Africa, whose crop performance is negatively affected by fluctuations in weather patterns as well as by agricultural pests. One of the insect pests infesting barley is the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (RWA), of which the two South African biotypes, codenamed RWASA1 and RWASA2, were studied in this thesis. During dry spells, RWA infestation becomes a more serious threat to barley productivity. Resistant plants have been used to combat RWA infestation of small grains. In South Africa, 27 RWA-resistant wheat cultivars are currently used in commercial cultivation, but no resistant barley lines have, unfortunately, been developed, in spite of this grain’s significant economic importance. This informed the study in this thesis, and this interest particularly focussed on three RWA-resistant lines developed by the USDA, testing their performance against South African RWA biotypes, for possible adaptation to South Africa. The aim was thus to examine the plant-aphid interactions, aphid breeding rates, plant damage and sustainability, evidence of resistance or tolerance and finally potential performance under elevated CO2 (a very real climate change threat). Two major avenues of research were undertaken. The first aspect involved examination of structural and functional damage caused by RWASA1 and RWASA2 on the three resistant and a non-resistant line. Aphid population growth and damage symptoms (chlorosis and leaf roll) of infestation by these aphid biotypes were evaluated. This was followed by a structural and functional approach in which the effects of feeding on the transport systems (phloem and xylem) of barley were investigated. Fluorescence microscopy techniques (using aniline blue fluorochrome, a specific stain for callose and 5,6-CFDA, a phloem-mobile probe) were applied to investigate the feeding-related damage caused by the aphids, through an examination of wound callose formation and related to this, the resultant reduction in phloem transport capacity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques provided evidence of the extent of the feeding-related cell damage. The second aspect involved a study of the effect of changing CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on the resistant and susceptible barley cultivars to feeding by the two RWA biotypes. Leaves of plants grown at ambient and two elevated levels of [CO2] were analysed to investigate the effect of changing [CO2] on biomass, leaf nitrogen content and C:N ratio of control (uninfested) and infested plants. The population growth studies showed that the populations of the two RWA biotypes as well as bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA, Rhopalosiphum padi L.) increased substantially on the four barley lines. BCA was included here, as it had been the subject of several previous studies. RWASA2 bred faster than RWASA1 on all lines. The breeding rates of the two RWA biotypes were both suppressed and at near-equivalent levels on the three resistant lines, compared to the non-resistant PUMA. This suggests that the resistant lines possessed an antibiosis resistance mechanism against the feeding aphids. Feeding by the aphids manifested in morphological damage symptoms of chlorosis and leaf roll. The two biotypes inflicted severe chlorosis and leaf roll on the non-resistant PUMA. In the resistant plants, leaf rolling was more severe because of RWASA2 feeding compared to RWASA1 feeding. In contrast, chlorosis symptoms were more severe during RWASA1 feeding than was the case with RWASA2 feeding. Investigation of the effect of aphid feeding on the plants showed that callose was deposited within 24h and that this increased with longer feeding exposure. Wound callose distribution is more extensive in the non-resistant PUMA than in the resistant plants. RWASA2 feeding on the resistant lines caused deposition of more callose than was evident with RWASA1 feeding. During long-term feeding, it was evident that variation in the intensity and amount of wound callose was visible in the longitudinal and transverse veins of the resistant plants. Of the three STARS plants, STARS-9301B had the least callose. Interestingly, wound callose occurred in both resistant and non-resistant plants, in sharp contrast to what has been reported on resistant wheat cultivars that were developed in South Africa. The relative reduction in the wound callose deposited in the resistant line, when compared to the non-resistant lines, suggests the presence of a mechanism in the resistant lines, which may prevent excessive callose formation. Alternatively, the mechanism may stimulate callose breakdown. RWASA2 feeding on the resistant lines deposited more wound callose than RWASA1 feeding. This evidence supports the hypothesis that RWASA2 is a resistance breaking and more aggressive feeder than RWASA1 is; and further underscores the urgent need for development of RWA-resistant barley cultivars. The ultrastructural investigation of the feeding damage showed that the two biotypes caused extensive vascular damage in non-resistant plants. There was extensive and severe cell disruption and often obliteration of cell structure of the vascular parenchyma, xylem and phloem elements. In sharp contrast, among the resistant plants, feeding-related cell damage appeared to be substantially reduced compared to the non-resistant PUMA. Low frequency of damaged cells indicated that majority of the cell components of the vascular tissues were intact and presumed functional. There was evidence of salivary material lining the secondary walls of the vascular tissue, which resulted in severe damage. Within xylem vessels, saliva material impregnated half-bordered pit pairs between the vessels and adjacent xylem parenchyma. This is believed to prevent solute exchange through this interface, thereby inducing leaf stress and vi leaf roll. A notable finding is that RWASA2 effectively induced more cell damage to vascular tissues in the resistant lines than did RWASA1. In general the experimental evidence (see Chapter 5) suggests that the resistant lines are possibly more tolerant (or able to cope with) to RWA feeding. Evidence for this is the reduction of wound callose and at the TEM level, a comparatively less obvious cell damage in the resistant lines, which suggests that they possess antibiosis and tolerance capacity. The apparent reduction of feeding-related cell damage from the TEM study confirmed the disruptive action of the feeding aphids in experiments using the phloem-mobile probe, 5,6-CF. Results showed that feeding by RWASA1 and RWASA2 reducedthe transport functionality of the phloem in all cases, but that RWASA2 feeding caused a more obvious reduction in the rate and distance that 5,6-carboxyfluorescein was transported, than did RWASA1. Investigation of the effect of changing [CO2] on the barley cultivars showed that in the absence of aphids and under elevated CO2 conditions, the plants grew more vigorously. In this series of experiments, the infested plants suffered significant reduction in biomass under ambient (as was expected) and under the two elevated CO2 regimes. Biomass loss was greater at elevated CO2 than under ambient [CO2]. The infested nonresistant PUMA plants showed a more significant biomass loss than did the resistant cultivars. Clearly, the benefits derived from elevated CO2 enrichment was thus redirected to the now-advantaged aphids. Uninfested vii plants showed an increase in leaf nitrogen under the experimental conditions. However, feeding aphids depleted leaf nitrogen content and this was more apparent on plants exposed to RWASA2 than was the case with RWASA1. The end result of this was that C:N ratio of infested plants were higher than uninfested plants. Clearly, the faster breeding rates of the aphids at elevated CO2 caused depletion of N and a resultant deficiency exacerbated chlorosis as well as leaf rolling due to the higher aphid population density under elevated CO2 than at ambient. By 28 days after infestation (DAI), majority of the plants exposed to enriched CO2 treatments had died. A major finding here was thus that although this study demonstrated that elevated CO2 resulted in an increase in biomass, this was detrimentally offset in plants infested by the aphids, with a decline in biomass and loss of functionality leading to plant death at 28DAI. The overriding conclusion from this study is a clear signal that the twin effects of CO2 enrichment (a feature of current climate change) and aphid infestations may precipitate potential grain shortages. A disastrous food security threat looms.

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18

Wong, H. M. "Probing the interactions between iron nutrition, salinity and ultraviolet-B radiation on the physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1327.

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When plants are exposed to multiple environmental stress factors, one form of stress can affect the response to another stress. This study used seedlings of a new cultivar of wheat(Triticum aestivum L. cv. 1862), grown under factorial combinations of two levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)radiation, two salinity regimes and two levels of iron treatment in chelator-buffered nutrient solutions in a growth chamber. A number of morphological and physiological measurements were made. The accumulation of chlorophyll, UVabsorbing compounds and proline in shoots, as well as phytosiderophores (PSs) in root exudates were measured. Feed value measurements included crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, acid detergent fibre and Fe in shoots and roots. After 21 days of stress exposure, results showed that Fe deficiency and NaCl stress generally decreased plant growth and function as well as nutritive value, but increased plant biochemical protection traits such as proline accumulation (16.3 fold under salinity stress) and release of PSs (2.4 fold under Fe deficiency). Interestingly, UV-B radiation affected belowground parameters, inducing a 47% reduction in PS release, together with decreasing root DM by 9% and Fe concentration in roots by 7%. When Fe deficiency and NaCl stress were combined, the results showed a decrease in PS release by 3.5 fold compared to unstressed plants. UV-B radiation synergistically increased UV-absorbing compound levels in combination with Fe deficiency, compared to plants grown under optimal Fe levels. This stress combination also resulted in a cumulative effect by decreasing Fe concentration in shoots and roots. However, salt stress did not interact with UV-B radiation for any of the traits measured. In addition, some three-way interactions were noted, with the Fe x NaCl x UV-B stress combination slightly decreasing PS release and resulting in a cumulative effect by decreasing Fe concentration in roots. In conclusion, this study found that aboveground stress factors such as UV-B can affect important aspects of belowground plant function, and that Fe deficiency can interact with UV-B and salinity stress in modifying plant responses to either stress alone.

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19

Sacranie, Sattar Farouk. "An investigation on the effect of Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) population growth and feeding damage on selected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under ambient and elevated CO2." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50311.

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The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) is a major pest of cultivated small grains. It is particularly devastating because of is high reproductive rate which results in the growth of large populations which become damaging to its host plants. Development of resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars is complicated as resistance is polygenic. As a result, the industry remains at risk now that the RWA has spread throughout South Africa. It has, as recently as, 2013, been identified in the SW Cape, which was previously geographically isolated. This is South Africa‟s principle barley growing region. Now a potentially huge problem exists. Therefore, it is imperative that an alternative to pesticide use is found. Testing potential innate resistance in barley cultivars is thus, critical. In this thesis, I present data on four barely cultivars where I have examined their resistance/ lack of resistance to three known RWA biotypes, RWASA1, RWASA2 and RWASA3. The barley varieties used were two economically important South African malt barley cultivars (S5 and SSG 564) along with two potentially RWA resistant Afghan accessions (CIho 4125 and CIho 4159). The RWA biotype population growth rates on each of the plants were determined over a 14 day period. The aim was to establish baseline data of the effects of RWA population growth on the host plants under ambient CO2 (380 – 400 ppm) conditions. The extent of RWA feeding damage was investigated at the cell level by examining saliva deposition and cell disruption using Transmission Electron Microscopy; at the tissue/vascular level using fluorescence microscopy, to determine the extent of callose formation; at a whole leaf level by recording percent chlorosis and leaf roll; and finally, at a whole plant level by measuring biomass loss.The experiments were repeated under elevated CO2 (450 ppm) to model any changes in RWA/plant interaction with respect to future climate change. The effects of an elevated CO2 environment and RWA feeding on host plant foliar N and C:N ratio were compared to ambient CO2 conditions, to provide a clearer picture of the potential nutrient drain that a feeding RWA colony exacts on its host. Of the varieties tested, the CIho accessions performed better than the two SA barley cultivars as the CIho accessions appeared to express a mild antibiosis resistance response as RWA populations, particularly those of RWASA1, were smaller than those observed on either S5 or SSG 564. In addition, less damage was evident in the two CIho accessions due to RWA feeding. II RWASA2 was the most virulent of the three RWA biotypes tested, followed by RWASA3 while RWASA1 was the least virulent. Under elevated CO2 conditions, RWA feeding damage was exacerbated but the trend of biotype virulence remained the same. Higher aphid population sizes were recorded under elevated CO2, meant that even the more resistant CIho accessions were overcome by the increased demand made by the larger aphid colonies on the host plants. The % foliar N data showed that under elevated CO2 aphid-free control plants had increased N levels in their leaves. Increased “food” supply (as shown by the increased N levels) therefore allowed significantly larger aphid populations to develop on the plants exposed to elevated CO2, due to improved nutrient status of the phloem sap taken up by RWA. The knock-on effect of a higher aphid population was increased cell disruption as a result of extensive probing, extensive formations of wound callose, with the result that phloem damage impeded nutrient flow through the vascular tissues which contributed to chlorosis and (eventually plant) death. The major conclusion from this study is that even a mild CO2 elevation resulted in an increase aphid population which may pose a severe and very real threat to a barley crop. Therefore, without effort to identify and deploy resistant barley cultivars, it could well be possible that future barley cultivation in South Africa may no longer be viable.

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20

Balasubramaniam, Rengasamy. "The effects of foliar diseases and irrigation on root development, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1514.

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Studies were conducted on three field trials of wheat cv. Kopara to investigate the lack of compensation by later determined components of yield because of early disease constraints. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that early disease reduces root development and thus causes the plants to be water constrained at later growth stages when soil water deficits usually occur. The reduced root development and soil water deficits may reduce the ability of the plant to compensate for reductions in early determined components. The hypothesis was tested by the application of irrigation to alleviate water stress. In a disease free crop, the possible phytotonic effects of the fungicides benomyl and triadimefon on wheat were investigated. These fungicides had no phytotonic effects on shoot, root growth, or yield under the prevailing conditions. The effect of disease on root development was analysed by root length measurements. Disease present in the crop at any stage of growth affected root development. Root development in the upper zones of the soil profile was reduced more by disease compared to those zones below 35 cm. A full disease epidemic reduced root development more than an early or late disease epidemic. The early and late disease epidemics had similar effects on root length. Alleviation of early disease constraints enabled greater development of roots to offset any earlier reductions. Soil water deficits increased root development in the lower zones of the nil disease plants. The presence of adequate soil water from irrigation reduced the requirement for further root growth in all treatments. In the 1981-1982 field trial a full disease epidemic reduced yield by 14% whereas an early disease epidemic reduced yield by 7%. The reduction in yield was attributed to a lower grain number. With irrigation the yield reduction in the full disease plants was 12% whereas in the early disease plants the reduction was only 2.4%. This indicated that plants affected by the early disease epidemic were water constrained. In this study, the results suggested that, for conditions prevailing in Canterbury, the supply of water at later growth stages increased grain weight in plants which were subject to early disease epidemics. This suggests that reduced root development caused by early disease and soil water deficits may prevent compensation by grain weight. Water use was similar in all disease treatments. After irrigation the irrigated plants of all treatments used more water. Disease affected water use in relation to yield production however, and was better expressed by water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was reduced in the full disease plants. A stepwise regression analysis suggested that water use efficiency was affected directly by disease at later growth stages, and indirectly via an effect on total green leaf area at early growth stages. This study partially proves the hypothesis that reductions in root development caused by an early disease epidemic may constrain the plants at later growth stages when water deficits usually occur. It was shown that the reduction in root development caused by disease could be counteracted by irrigation. In this respect, water served as a tool to study the effect of disease constraints on the yield of wheat. A knowledge of cereal crop physiology, root growth and function is used to explain and discuss the observations made in this research programme. The results are discussed in relation to the way in which disease affects yield through its effect on root development. The possible reasons for the continued effects of disease even after the control of disease at later growth stages are discussed. The economic use of fungicides and water in diseased crops are also outlined. Suggestions for future studies on disease-yield loss relationships are provided. The repetition of these experiments in different sites and climatic regions could provide information which may be incorporated in disease-yield loss simulation models. This could then be used to predict root development and water requirements of diseased plants, and provide a basis for economic use of fungicides and water, and for better disease management programmes.

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21

Urbina, Parra Belkys del Socorro. "Marketing research for the introduction of a new product in the Venezulan market saltine cracker with partial substitution of wheat flour by tropical tubers and roots /." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000urbinab.pdf.

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22

Chng, Soon Fang. "Microbial factors associated with the natural suppression of take-all in wheat in New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/863.

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Take-all, caused by the soilborne fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), is an important root disease of wheat that can be reduced by take-all decline (TAD) in successive wheat crops, due to general and/or specific suppression. A study of 112 New Zealand wheat soils in 2003 had shown that Ggt DNA concentrations (analysed using real-time PCR) increased with successive years of wheat crops (1-3 y) and generally reflected take-all severity in subsequent crops. However, some wheat soils with high Ggt DNA concentrations had low take-all, suggesting presence of TAD. This study investigated 26 such soils for presence of TAD and possible suppressive mechanisms, and characterised the microorganisms from wheat roots and rhizosphere using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A preliminary pot trial of 29 soils (including three from ryegrass fields) amended with 12.5% w/w Ggt inoculum, screened their suppressiveness against take-all in a growth chamber. Results indicated that the inoculum level was too high to detect the differences between soils and that the environmental conditions used were unsuitable. Comparison between the Ggt DNA concentrations of the same soils collected in 2003 and in 2004 (collected for the pot trial), showed that most soils cropped with 2, 3 and 4 y of successive wheat had reduced Ggt DNA concentrations (by 195-2911 pg g-1 soil), and their disease incidences revealed 11 of the 29 test soils with potential take-all suppressiveness. Further pot trials improved the protocols, such that they were able to differentiate the magnitudes of suppressiveness among the soils. The first of the subsequent trials, using 4% w/w Ggt inoculum level, controlled conditions at 16°C, 80% RH with alternate 12 h light/dark conditions, and watering the plants twice weekly to field capacity (FC), screened 13 soils for their suppressiveness against take-all. The 13 soils consisted of 11 from the preliminary trial, one wheat soil that had been cropped with 9 y of wheat (considered likely to be suppressive), and a conducive ryegrass soil. The results revealed that 10 of these soils were suppressive to take-all. However, in only four of them were the effects related to high levels of microbial/biological involvement in the suppression, which were assessed in an experiment that first sterilised the soils. In a repeat trial using five of the soils H1, H3, M2, P7 (previously cropped with 3, 3, 4 and 9 y successive wheat, respectively) and H15 (previously cropped with 5 y of ryegrass), three of them (H1, H3 and M2) had reduced Ggt DNA concentrations (>1000 pg g-1 soil reductions), and were confirmed to be suppressive to take-all. A pot trial, in which 1% of each soil was transferred into a γ-irradiated base soil amended with 0.1% Ggt inoculum, indicated that soils H1 and H3 (3 y wheat) were specific in their suppressiveness, and M2 (4 y wheat) was general in its suppressiveness. The microbial communities within the rhizosphere and roots of plants grown in the soils, which demonstrated conduciveness, specific or general suppressiveness to take-all, were characterised using PCR-DGGE, and identities of the distinguishing microorganisms (which differentiated the soils) identified by sequence analysis. Results showed similar clusters of microorganisms associated with conducive and suppressive soils, both for specific and general suppression. Further excision, re-amplification, cloning and sequencing of the distinguishing bands showed that some actinomycetes (Streptomyces bingchengensis, Terrabacter sp. and Nocardioides sp.), ascomycetes (Fusarium lateritium and Microdochium bolleyi) and an unidentified fungus, were associated with the suppressive soils (specific and general). Others, such as the proteobacteria (Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens), an actinomycete (Nocardioides oleivorans), ascomycete (Gibberella zeae), and basidiomycete (Penicillium allii), were unique in the specific suppressiveness. This indicated commonality of some microorganisms in the take-all suppressive soils, with a selected distinguishing group responsible for specific suppressiveness. General suppressiveness was considered to be due to no specific microorganisms, as seen in soil M2. An attempt to induce TAD by growing successive wheat crops in pots of Ggt-infested soils was unsuccessful with no TAD effects shown, possibly due to variable Ggt DNA concentrations in the soils and addition of nutrients during the experiment. Increasing numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens CFU in the rhizosphere of plants, during successive wheat crops was independent of the Ggt DNA concentrations and disease incidence, suggesting that increases in P. fluorescens numbers were associated with wheat monoculture. This study has demonstrated that TAD in New Zealand was due to both specific and general suppressiveness, and has identified the distinguishing microorganisms associated with the suppression. Since most of these distinguishing microorganisms are known to show antagonistic activities against Ggt or other soilborne pathogens, they are likely to act as antagonists of Ggt in the field. Future work should focus on validating their effects either individually, or interactively, on Ggt in plate and pot assays and under field conditions.

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23

Cosme, Marilyn. "What impact does an attendance incentive program have on student attendance? /." Full text available online, 2005. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/home/research/articles/rowan_theses.

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24

Williamson, Zoè Claire. "What is it like to be a Chartered Teacher doing action research?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5851.

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Action research has become a widely accepted and popular form of teacher professional development/learning, within the UK and internationally, and forms part of the professional actions of the Scottish Chartered Teacher. Whilst action research may be a valuable form of professional development supported through awardbearing courses (such as the Scottish Chartered Teacher programmes), funded projects or partnerships with university colleagues, it is questionable to what extent this is continued or even valued by teachers beyond the parameters of CPD courses. If Chartered Teachers are to engage meaningfully in action research then it is vital we understand how they perceive the nature and purpose of such activities and explore the opportunities and limitations they may face. This is not just an issue for Chartered Teachers in Scotland but one that may concern any teacher attempting to engage in action research as part of their practice. To explore teachers’ lived experience of engaging in post-award non-funded action research a case-study approach was adopted. The case study comprised six qualified Chartered Teachers with this thesis focusing on the stories from three of the teachers. In-depth loosely structured interviews were held with participants at three intervals over the course of a year to discuss their current and ongoing action research work. In addition visual data was created by participants to explore, share, (re)present and negotiate their understandings of action research. Documentary data was also collected. A broadly inductive approach to the analysis was taken, coding both within and across cases. A thematic narrative analysis of the individuals’ stories was also undertaken because I believe teachers’ individual stories are critically important and was keen not to reduce these to ‘codes’ and ‘categories’. Emerging from the data are three significant themes - the importance of understanding the nature and purpose of action research; the teachers’ evolving identities as Chartered Teachers/action researchers; and the need to develop and promote a Third Space – creating a conceptually different way of being a teacher. The data shows that traditional notions of research are influencing these teachers’ understanding of action research and this limits their action research work. How teachers understand the nature and purpose of action research is deeply interrelated with their identity as a teacher/Chartered Teacher/action researcher. Their identity(ies), I suggest, is/are a site of struggle, contestation and negotiation and Chartered Teachers are, arguably, in an in-between space: they are simultaneously teacher and researcher, yet they are neither one nor the other. It is possible, then, to understand Chartered Teacher as a hybrid identity and I draw upon Third Space theory as a heuristic to understand Chartered Teacher as a distinctly different way of being a teacher. I argue that a more complex view is needed that promotes the dynamic and fluid nature of action research. The insights drawn from this study offer some understandings that may help us to (re)consider and (re)frame the way in which we understand the teacher as researcher.

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25

Brauer, Rene. "What research impact? : tourism and the changing UK research ecosystem." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/846043/.

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This thesis investigated the research impact discourse surrounding the REF’s 2014 (Research Excellence Framework) evaluation of research in the UK. The addressed knowledge gap dealt with critically evaluating the newly introduced disciplinary regime surrounding research impact and what influence it has on academic praxis and the research ecosystem as a whole. The utilised research methodology represented an evaluation of the research impact guidelines, submitted impact claims and interviews with academics. Specifically, a critical discourse analysis of the research impact case studies (in relation to tourism) and impact templates (of the submitting tourism studies faculties) was conducted. This was complemented with semi-structured interviews of tourism academics on all levels of the academic hierarchy. The key findings are; firstly the research shows empirically that the newly introduced discourse of research impact shapes academic conduct to affiliate itself within the performance measures in a very pragmatic fashion (small scale and easy to reference). Secondly, the research showed that the research impact discourse disciplines behaviour along the entire chain of the social construction, from setting a word to the page all the way to employment decisions and universities budgets. Lastly, the analysis of the interviews showed the different levels of cognitive learning within the researchers’ resulted in that each individual approached the same discourse differently, this multiplicity and the resulting uncertainty represents a force that is shaping the research ecosystem in its own right. The work is original in that the here presented post-postmodern approach to studying (scientific) knowledge construction, not only offers an explanation of knowledge accumulation whilst still allowing being critical of it. The originality comes in that the research ecosystem approach allows a potential way to evaluate the vertical dimension of epistemology, allowing the dialectic to present a choice between different value assumptions shaping these disciplinary measures.

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26

Canberg, A., Andy R. Dotterweich, M. B. Harrison, and E. Rabinowitz. "Establishing a Research Partnership: What Can Research Do for Me?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3770.

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Paulus, Trena. "What Words Can Do: Social Media Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7858.

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28

Xu, Ping Josephine 1977. "Order fulfillment in online retailing : what goes where." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33672.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146). We present three problems motivated by order fulfillment in online retailing. First, we focus on one warehouse or fulfillment center. To optimize the storage space and labor, an e-tailer splits the warehouse into two regions with different storage densities. One is for picking customer orders and the other to hold a reserve stock that replenishes the picking area. Consequently, the warehouse is a two-stage serial system. We investigate an inventory system where demand is stochastic by minimizing the total expected inventory- related costs subject to a space constraint. We develop an approximate model for a periodic review, nested ordering policy. Furthermore, we extend the formulation to account for shipping delays and advance order information. We report on tests of the model with data from a major e-tailer. Second, we focus on the entire network of warehouses and customers. When a customer order occurs, the e-tailer assigns the order to one or more of its warehouses and/or drop- shippers, so as to minimize procurement and transportation costs, based on the available current information. However, this assignment is necessarily myopic as it cannot account for any subsequent customer orders or future inventory replenishments. (cont.) We examine the benefits from periodically re-evaluating these real-time assignments. We construct near- optimal heuristics for the re-assignment for a large set of customer orders by minimizing the total number of shipments. Finally, we present saving opportunities by testing the heuristics on order data from a major e-tailer. Third, we focus on the inventory allocation among warehouses for low-demand SKUs. A large e-tailer strategically stocks inventory for SKUs with low demand. The motivations are to provide a wide range of selections and faster customer fulfillment service. We assume the e-tailer has the technological capability to manage and control the inventory globally: all warehouses act as one to serve the global demand simultaneously. The e-tailer will utilize its entire inventory, regardless of location, to serve demand. Given we stock certain units of system inventory, we allocate inventory to warehouses by minimizing outbound transportation costs. We analyze a few simple cases and present a methodology for more general problems. by Ping Josephine Xu. Ph.D.

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29

Mojsilovic, Ognjen. "Estimating bioaccessibility, phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of contaminant arsenic in soils at former sheep dip sites." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1142.

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Recognition that the bioavailability of soil As (As) is influenced by its soil dynamics has initiated research into development of more accurate, site-specific soil guideline values, departing from the assumption that the total soil As content is bioavailable. With the aim of deriving predictive models, the relationship between soil properties and As bioavailability (bioaccessibility and phytotoxicity) was examined on a set of naturally contaminated sheep dip soils (n = 30). Sampled soils were extensively characterised, bioaccessibility was estimated through an in vitro procedure, and soil As toxicity and availability to plants were evaluated using an early growth wheat bioassay. The in vitro bioaccessibility was consistently less than the total soil As content. Arsenic bioaccessibility was negatively correlated to soil iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminium (Al) contents, and it was positively related to the soil As loading. The in vitro extractable soil As concentrations were successfully modelled using linear combinations of soil As content, soil Fe and Mn determinations and soil pH. Differences in As phytotoxicity, expressed in terms of effective toxic concentration (EC50), between soils were directly related to soil Fe, Mn and Al contents. Available soil phosphorous (P) exerted an ameliorating effect on As toxicity, with the available soil As/P ratio representing the single best predictor of plant growth suppression. Plant P nutrition appeared to influence the relative selectivity for As and P by wheat, with greater selectivity for P demonstrated under P deficient conditions. Plant As uptake, its distribution, and also the plant nutrient status were all adversely affected by increasing soil As exposure. Co-contamination by Zn corresponded to a substantial elevation in proportion of the plant As allocated in shoots. Plant As levels exhibited a saturation-dependent relationship with increasing soil As. The best linear predictors of plant As levels in the non-toxic range were RHIZO-extractable and effective soil As concentrations, the latter based on the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Despite the complexity of soil As dynamics, large proportions in the variances exhibited by the two measures of bioavailability were explained using a small set of readily-available soil properties.

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30

Paulose, Hanna Paulose. "Choosing What is Right, Knowing What You Choose, and the Gap in Between: Decoding Food Sustainability." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503272641736237.

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31

Parnham, R. "To what extent has research conducted by the GaWC Research Network aided our understanding of large EU law firm geography?" Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9wwvy/to-what-extent-has-research-conducted-by-the-gawc-research-network-aided-our-understanding-of-large-eu-law-firm-geography.

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This thesis explores whether a specific group of large EU law firms exhibited multiple common behaviours regarding their EU geographies between 1998 and 2009. These potentially common behaviours included their preferences for trading in certain EU locations, their usage of law firm alliances, and the specific reasons why they opened or closed EU branch offices. If my hypothesis is confirmed, this may indicate that certain aspects of large law firm geography are predictable – a finding potentially of interest to various stakeholders globally, including legal regulators, academics and law firms. In testing my hypothesis, I have drawn on research conducted by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network to assist me. Between 1999 and 2010, the GaWC published seven research papers exploring the geographies of large US and UK law firms. Several of the GaWC’s observations arising from these studies were evidence-based; others were speculative – including a novel approach for explaining legal practice branch office change, not adopted in research conducted previously or subsequently. By distilling the GaWC’s key observations these papers into a series of “sub-hypotheses”, I been able to test whether the geographical behaviours of my novel cohort of large EU law firms reflect those suggested by the GaWC. The more the GaWC’s suggested behaviours are observed among my cohort, the more my hypothesis will be supported. In conducting this exercise, I will additionally evaluate the extent to which the GaWC’s research has aided our understanding of large EU law firm geography. Ultimately, my findings broadly support most of the GaWC’s observations, notwithstanding our cohort differences and the speculative nature of several of the GaWC’s propositions. My investigation has also allowed me to refine several of the GaWC’s observations regarding commonly-observable large law firm geographical behaviours, while also addressing a key omission from the group’s research output.

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32

Clarke, Rebecca. "What feels true? : sifting through belongings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54666/1/Rebecca_Clarke_Thesis.pdf.

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This practice-led research project explores how, after a successful first experience writing a poetic solo theatre work derived largely from autobiography, I sought to find personal connection and satisfying ‘authenticity’ in the writing of a more difficult, nonautobiographical second work. Via reflections on practice, through an autoethnographic narrative, the project also evokes a practitioner’s struggle to self-educate, survive personal, life-changing loss, and manage heightened professional stakes. In doing so, it reveals essential lessons in acknowledging, accepting and following ‘what feels true’, to remember and consider in future writing.

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33

Bee, Colleen Claire. "Mixed emotions : what if I feel good and bad? /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190507.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-187). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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34

Parish, Alison. "Outcome feedback in physiotherapy : what works for whom in which circumstances?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/22988/.

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35

Littlefield, Joanne. "What Lies Beneath: Controlling the root knot nematode in eastern Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622103.

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36

Keevers, Lynne Maree. "Practising social justice: Community organisations, what matters and what counts." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5822.

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This thesis investigates the situated knowing-in-practice of locally-based community organisations, and studies how this practice knowledge is translated and contested in inter-organisational relations in the community services field of practices. Despite participation in government-led consultation processes, community organisations express frustration that the resulting policies and plans inadequately take account of the contributions from their practice knowledge. The funding of locally-based community organisations is gradually diminishing in real terms and in the competitive tendering environment, large nationally-based organisations often attract the new funding sources. The concern of locally-based community organisations is that the apparent lack of understanding of their distinctive practice knowing is threatening their capacity to improve the well-being of local people and their communities. In this study, I work with practitioners, service participants and management committee members to present an account of their knowing-in-practice, its character and conditions of efficacy; and then investigate what happens when this local practice knowledge is translated into results-based accountability (RBA) planning with diverse organisations and institutions. This thesis analyses three points of observation: knowing in a community of practitioners; knowing in a community organisation and knowing in the community services field of practices. In choosing these points of observation, the inquiry explores some of the relations and intra-actions from the single organisation to the institutional at a time when state government bureaucracy has mandated that community organisations implement RBA to articulate outcomes that can be measured by performance indicators. A feminist, performative, relational practice-based approach employs participatory action research to achieve an enabling research experience for the participants. It aims to intervene strategically to enhance recognition of the distinctive contributions of community organisations’ practice knowledge. This thesis reconfigures understandings of the roles, contributions and accountabilities of locally-based community organisations. Observations of situated practices together with the accounts of workers and service participants demonstrate how community organisations facilitate service participants’ struggles over social justice. A new topology for rethinking social justice as processual and practice-based is developed. It demonstrates how these struggles are a dynamic complex of iteratively-enfolded practices of respect and recognition, redistribution and distributive justice, representation and participation, belonging and inclusion. The focus on the practising of social justice in this thesis offers an alternative to the neo-liberal discourse that positions community organisations as sub-contractors accountable to government for delivering measurable outputs, outcomes and efficiencies in specified service provision contracts. The study shows how knowing-in-practice in locally-based community organisations contests the representational conception of knowledge inextricably entangled with accountability and performance measurement apparatus such as RBA. Further, it suggests that practitioner and service participant contributions are marginalised and diminished in RBA through the privileging of knowledge that takes an ‘expert’, quantifiable and calculative form. Thus crucially, harnessing local practice knowing requires re-imagining and enacting knowledge spaces that assemble and take seriously all relevant stakeholder perspectives, diverse knowledges and methods.

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37

Keevers, Lynne Maree. "Practising social justice: Community organisations, what matters and what counts." Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5822.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) This thesis investigates the situated knowing-in-practice of locally-based community organisations, and studies how this practice knowledge is translated and contested in inter-organisational relations in the community services field of practices. Despite participation in government-led consultation processes, community organisations express frustration that the resulting policies and plans inadequately take account of the contributions from their practice knowledge. The funding of locally-based community organisations is gradually diminishing in real terms and in the competitive tendering environment, large nationally-based organisations often attract the new funding sources. The concern of locally-based community organisations is that the apparent lack of understanding of their distinctive practice knowing is threatening their capacity to improve the well-being of local people and their communities. In this study, I work with practitioners, service participants and management committee members to present an account of their knowing-in-practice, its character and conditions of efficacy; and then investigate what happens when this local practice knowledge is translated into results-based accountability (RBA) planning with diverse organisations and institutions. This thesis analyses three points of observation: knowing in a community of practitioners; knowing in a community organisation and knowing in the community services field of practices. In choosing these points of observation, the inquiry explores some of the relations and intra-actions from the single organisation to the institutional at a time when state government bureaucracy has mandated that community organisations implement RBA to articulate outcomes that can be measured by performance indicators. A feminist, performative, relational practice-based approach employs participatory action research to achieve an enabling research experience for the participants. It aims to intervene strategically to enhance recognition of the distinctive contributions of community organisations’ practice knowledge. This thesis reconfigures understandings of the roles, contributions and accountabilities of locally-based community organisations. Observations of situated practices together with the accounts of workers and service participants demonstrate how community organisations facilitate service participants’ struggles over social justice. A new topology for rethinking social justice as processual and practice-based is developed. It demonstrates how these struggles are a dynamic complex of iteratively-enfolded practices of respect and recognition, redistribution and distributive justice, representation and participation, belonging and inclusion. The focus on the practising of social justice in this thesis offers an alternative to the neo-liberal discourse that positions community organisations as sub-contractors accountable to government for delivering measurable outputs, outcomes and efficiencies in specified service provision contracts. The study shows how knowing-in-practice in locally-based community organisations contests the representational conception of knowledge inextricably entangled with accountability and performance measurement apparatus such as RBA. Further, it suggests that practitioner and service participant contributions are marginalised and diminished in RBA through the privileging of knowledge that takes an ‘expert’, quantifiable and calculative form. Thus crucially, harnessing local practice knowing requires re-imagining and enacting knowledge spaces that assemble and take seriously all relevant stakeholder perspectives, diverse knowledges and methods.

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38

Black, Amanda. "Bioavailability of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1561.

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It is widely accepted that bioavailability, rather than total soil concentration, is preferred when assessing the risk associated with metal contamination. Despite this, debate continues on what constitutes a bioavailable pool and how to best predict bioavailability, especially in relation to crop plants. The overall aim of this thesis was to assess and validate measures of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability in a range of soils amended with metal salts and biosolids. Six potential measures of bioavailability were investigated and compared: total metal; 0.04 M EDTA extraction; 0.05 M Ca(NO₃)₂ extraction; soil solution extracted using rhizon probes; effective solution concentration (CE) determined using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT); and modelled free ion activities (WHAM 6.0). These were compared to shoot metal concentrations obtained from plants grown in three soils with contrasting properties treated with biosolids and metal salts. The first study involved a wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum) assay carried out under controlled environmental conditions on incubated soils treated with metal salts and biosolids. Results showed that the presence of biosolids resulted in increases of DOC, salinity, Ca and Mg in soil solution as well as total concentrations of Cu and Zn, dry matter was also adversely affected by increased levels of salinity. The addition of biosolids did not significantly alter the extractability or solubility of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn although concentrations of Cd in shoots were significantly lower in plants grown in biosolids amended soils compared with unamended soils. The second study involved a field experiment that used 20 cm diameter by 30 cm deep soil monoliths of the same three soils treated with metals and biosolids, and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was grown for 24 months. Results revealed the addition of biosolids significantly increased the amount of DOC, salinity, Ca and Mg in solution. The presence of biosolids also significantly altered the bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, as measured by soil solution, CE and free ion activity. However, this change had little effect on plant metal uptake. The length of time following treatment application had the greatest effect on soil chemistry and metal availability, resulting in pH decreases and increases in DOC, soil solution salinity, Ca and Mg. The free ion activities of each metal increased with time, as did soil solution Cd and Zn and CE-Cu, with results for Zn indicative of migration through the soil profile with time. Plant uptake of Ni and Zn also changed with time. Nickel concentrations in shoots decreased, while concentrations of Zn in shoots increased. The findings from the two studies demonstrated that biosolids increased the amount of DOC, salinity, Ca and Mg present in soil solution. In the lysimeter study measures of metal availability were affected in soils amended with biosolids, but this did not effect shoot concentrations. The overall predictive strengths of the six potential measures of bioavailability was investigated using results from the previously described experiments and related studies carried out by ESR and Lincoln University using nine different soils amended with combinations of biosolids and metal salts. Of the four metals Ni provided the strongest correlations between metal bioavailability and shoot concentrations, with 0.05 M Ca(NO₃)₂ extraction giving the strongest relationship for Ni concentrations in shoots (r² = 0.73). This suggests that the solubility of Ni is highly indicative of shoot concentrations and that Ca(NO₃)₂ is a robust measure of Ni bioavailability. In addition Ca(NO₃)₂ provided the best estimate of Zn bioavailability (r² = 0.65), and CE-Cd provided the best measure of Cd bioavailability, although it could only describe 47 % of shoot Cd concentration. Results for Cu were typical of previously described studies as assays of Cu availability are almost always poorly correlated with shoot concentrations, with total Cu having the strongest relationship (r² = 0.34). Methods based on the extractability and solubility of Cu in soils were poor indicators of Cu concentration in shoots. Overall, the addition of biosolids did not alter the outcome of these bioavailability assays, and results indicated that total metal concentrations present in the soils and biosolids matrix, plus length of time since soil treatment, had a greater affect on metal bioavailability.

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39

Trammell, Rebecca Sewanee. "Technology and Legal Research| What Is Taught and What Is Used in the Practice of Law." Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717127.

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Law schools are criticized for graduating students who lack the skills necessary to practice law. Legal research is a foundational ability necessary to support lawyering competency. The American Bar Association (ABA) establishes standards for legal education that include a requirement that each law student receive substantial instruction in legal skills, including legal research. Despite the recognized importance of legal research in legal education, there is no consensus of what to teach as part of a legal research course or even how to teach such a course. Legal educators struggle to address these issues. The practicing bar and judiciary have expressed concerns about law school graduates ability to conduct legal research. Studies have been conducted detailing the poor research ability of law students and their lack of skills. Although deficiencies in law student research skills have been identified, there is no agreement as to how to remediate these deficiencies. This dissertation suggests the legal research resources that should be taught in law schools by identifying the research resources used by practicing attorneys and comparing them to those resources currently included in legal research instruction at the 202 ABA-accredited law schools. Multiple data sources were used in this study. Practitioner resource information was based on data provided by practicing attorneys responding to the 2013 ABA Legal Technology Survey. Resources taught in ABA-accredited law schools were identified through three sources: a 2014 law school legal research survey sent to the 202 ABA-accredited law schools, a review of law school syllabi from ABA-accredited law school legal research and legal research and writing courses, and the Association of Legal Writing Directors 2013 annual survey of legal research and writing faculty. The combined data from these three sources were compared to the resources used by practicing lawyers identified in the annual national 2013 ABA Legal Technology Survey. This comparison of what is taught with what is used in practice identifies a deficiency in law school instruction in the research resources used by practicing attorneys. These survey results detail distinct areas of inadequate instruction in legal research resources and provide legal educators with detailed information necessary to develop a curriculum that will result in graduating students with practice-ready competencies.

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40

Linnér, Emily, Sitav Taha, and Johan Carlsson. "What Characterizes an Influential Instagram Fashion Influencer? : A Descriptive Research." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76234.

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Influencer marketing has become a central aspect within brand’s marketing activities (Kapitan & Silvera, 2016). The former marketing way of including celebrities within marketing purposes (Pringle & Binet, 2005) has in recent years been discussed as digital media influencers (Kapitan & Silvera, 2016). Digital media influencers resulted in social media influencers, where Instagram is one out of the social media which is worldwide used (Influencer Marketing Hub, 2018). Social media influencers are shown to have a significant role for brands in the process of reaching out to consumers (Lin, Bruning & Swarna, 2018) and within the fashion industry, the opinions of fashion influencers tend to weigh heavy within consumers decision making (Loureiro, Costa & Panchapakesan, 2017). However, besides the known influential characteristics of celebrity endorsement (Page Winterich, Gangwar & Grewal, 2018; Tzoumaka, Tsiotsou & Siomkos, 2014), the level of influence of Instagram influencers has mainly been discussed in terms of number of followers (De Veirman, Cauberghe & Hudders, 2017). The purpose of this study is to describe the influential characteristics of an Instagram fashion influencer and its influence on consumers purchase intention for fashion in Sweden. The research method applied for this research was primary data in the form of a survey research and was chosen as it allows to generate data which makes it possible to define correlations between the variables (Bryman & Bell, 2015). The study is based on the theory of consumer purchase intention, celebrity endorsement as well as influencer marketing, and through that, three hypotheses were created: 1) the trustworthiness of an Instagram fashion influencer has positive impact on consumers purchase intention, 2) the expertise of an Instagram fashion influencer has positive impact on consumers purchase intention, 3) the physical attraction of an Instagram fashion influencer has positive impact on consumers purchase intention. The conclusion drawn indicates that the trustworthiness of an Instagram fashion influencer is the only influential characteristic amongst the identified characteristics in this research which impacts consumer purchase intention for fashion in Sweden.

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41

Garcés, Juan, and Julia Meyer. "Digitized newspapers and digital research: What is the library‘s role?" Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16596.

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Mass-digitised newspapers offer researchers, academic and non-academic, a readily-accessible and invaluable resource for all sorts of historical enquiries. Research of print-medium newspapers, even as reproduced as microfiche or similar formats, traditionally entails the relatively close reading of individual articles, in order to extrapolate the information pertinent to the research question pursued. The re-medialisation of historical print newspapers into digital format, however, opens up new analytical avenues that allow the methodologically-savvy researcher to extrapolate information across a large number of texts with the help of approaches developed for text mining and information retrieval. The question for which this paper will present possible answers is: how can libraries that hold digitised newspaper collections support these distant reading-approaches? In answering that question, the paper will focus on three interlinked areas with potential roles for libraries and present best practice examples. These areas are (1) technical infrastructure, (2) methodological knowhow and (3) analytical tools: 1. Most research libraries have accepted their key role in providing a digital research infrastructure and are increasingly engaged in actively developing the constituent parts of said infrastructure. Researchers applying distant reading approaches, which ideally need open access to the entire data set in order to apply its approaches rather than curated interfaces, are still not part of the main vision. 2. Few historians are trained in text mining, information retrieval and related approaches. It will be argued that libraries have not only a responsibility to give access to research-relevant digital data but also to provide competent consultation and teaching in analytical methods suitable to and made possible by the digital medium. 3. The final area encompasses the provision of tools that implement standard methods on the newspaper corpora. This area might be one where libraries focus on the re-use of already existing tools rather than own developments.

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42

LIM, HEE YOUNG. "Blogging and EFL Writing: What Does the Research Tell Us?" The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1482238940724771.

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43

Volpe, Brianna M., and Brianna M. Volpe. "What Research Can Tell Us About the Understanding of Algebra." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625233.

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Algebra is a very important component of mathematics. For students, an adequate understanding of algebra serves as a foundation for the math to come. Concurrently, algebra is also a subject where many students struggle and form mathematical misconceptions. In order to take proactive steps in being able to more effectively teach students algebra, it is first important to identify the processes involved in understanding algebra. This paper discusses the different methods of thinking used when learning algebra as well as common misunderstandings formed by teachers and students. To obtain a better understanding of students' processes when solving algebra tasks, five students were each given four math tasks to complete individually. These tasks all involved sketching the curve of a graph given the context of a situation. After analyzing the students' responses it became clear that there are specific types of thinking that the students were misusing during the completion of the tasks. From this information, one can have a better understanding of student processes and be able to better adapt instruction to meet students' needs.

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44

Cohen, Jonathan E. W. (Jonathan Ephraim Weis) 1976. "Safety at what price? : setting anti-terrorist policies for checked luggage on US domestic aircraft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36099.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-46). In this thesis, we considered the costs and benefits of implementing Positive Passenger Bag Match (PPBM) - an anti-terrorist measure to keep bombs out of checked luggage - on US domestic passenger flights. We constructed a stochastic model for comparing the cost-effectiveness of three alternative approaches to PPBM: no PPBML implementation; a PPBM implementation that is applied to 5% of passengers; and a full (100%) implementation of PPBM. We made ranges of estimates concerning the level of terrorist risk, the costs of PPBM operation, the consequences of successful terrorist bombings, and the anti-terrorist effectiveness of both the partial and full PPBM implementations. Calculations showed that there were circumstances under which each policy was the most cost-effective of the three. Of the three options, not implementing PPBM at all was the most cost-effective approach for the largest percentage of the scenarios considered. We found that 5% PPBM captured the next largest portion of the scenarios, and was generally the optimal strategy when annual PPBMI operation costs were low, when 5% PPBM anti-terrorist effectiveness was high, and when the consequences of successful bombings were severe. We found 100%(. PPBM to be the optimal strategy for most scenarios which involved highly costly terrorist bombings, a high level of terrorist risk, and a 100% PPBM policy that provided much added security over 5% PPBM. by Jonathan E.W. Cohen. S.M.

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45

Riviere, Pierre. "Méthodologie de la sélection décentralisée et participative : un exemple sur le blé tendre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959369.

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L'agroécologie a des attentes fortes en termes de recherche sur les concepts et sur les méthodes de sélection et de gestion de la diversité. En effet, la prise en compte de la diversité des environnements et des pratiques spécifiques à chaque système agroécologique appelle des approches plus décentralisées, c'est à dire une meilleure prise en compte des interactions génotype × environnement, et associant les savoirs empiriques des praticiens aux connaissances scientifiques.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie de la sélection participative pour le blé tendre, basée sur la décentralisation et la co-construction entre paysans, associations du Réseau Semences Paysannes et chercheurs de l'équipe DEAP de l'INRA du Moulon. Cette approche vise à créer des variétés-populations adaptées aux environnements et aux pratiques des paysans, à développer des méthodes et des outils opérationnels pour la gestion et la sélection de la biodiversité cultivée à la ferme et à renforcer l'apprentissage et l'autonomie des paysans en matière de sélection.Ce travail a contribué à atteindre ces objectifs, notamment les deux derniers, en se basant sur une approche interdisciplinaire dans les champs de la statistique, génétique quantitative, génétique des populations, bio-informatique et sociologie.Les objectifs ont été en partie atteints avec la création de méthodes et d'outils : fiches de suivi de la culture, base de données permettant de gérer les relations entre lots de semences dans un large réseau d'acteurs, dispositifs expérimentaux à la ferme et méthodes statistiques permettant de prendre en compte le déséquilibre des essais à la ferme, en profitant du large réseau d'expérimentation, afin de réaliser des comparaisons de moyennes dans les fermes et d'analyser les interactions génotype × environnement dans le réseau de fermes, programme informatique qui permet de créer un dossier avec des résultats personnalisés pour chaque paysan, livret technique sur la sélection participative.Une analyse moléculaire et phénotypique montre que le programme de sélection participative s'insère dans la gestion in-situ des ressources génétiques par la création de nouvelles variétés-populations et par leur gestion dans un large réseau de fermes regroupant une grande diversité d'environnements et de pratiques.Les paysans ont renforcé leur apprentissage et leur autonomie. Ils étaient acteurs du programme et leurs pratiques ont évolué avec, par exemple, un nombre croissant de populations évaluées sur le réseau, de sélections et d'échanges de semences entre paysans au fur et à mesure que le projet avançait.Deux innovations émergent de ce projet : organisationnelle et génétique. L'innovation organisationnelle correspond au mode de fonctionnement du projet, basé sur la décentralisation de la sélection directement dans les fermes et la co-construction entre les acteurs et leur mise en réseau. Les innovations génétiques découlent de ce mode d'organisation : une large diversité génétique et phénotypique a été créée, est maintenue et évaluée dans les fermes et de nouvelles variétés populations, issues du programme, sont utilisées par des paysans dans leurs fermes.La méthodologie que nous avons développée est évolutive, flexible et adaptable. Elle place les paysans au coeur de la sélection et de la gestion des ressources génétiques. Ce projet participe à la transition vers un nouveau système semencier adapté à l'agroécologie

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46

Burke, Jennie. "Changes in direction of cancer research over the 20th century : what prompted change : research results, economics, philosophy." Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/44061.

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This research examines the changes in cancer research and treatment over the 20th century through to the present date. The aim of the research is to consider which of three factors—research results, economics or philosophy—was most likely to have induced change. Although it is not an in-depth assessment of the current state of knowledge of cancer research, the thesis does provide an outline of critical changes in knowledge of both cancer cause and treatment. Treatments that are used routinely by conventional medicine are examined. Also investigated are areas of research that aroused interest in the earlier parts of the last century but were then ignored, only now being revisited. I examine whether economic factors guided research and whether that guidance was directed towards specific ends. The influence and extent of infiltration, if any, by the pharmaceutical industry into the sphere of medicine was also investigated. The philosophy of medicine is discussed, with particular emphasis on the differences between ethics and philosophy. The philosophy of the profession itself (or lack thereof) may have contributed to decisions on whether to adopt or discard particular research studies and treatments. I postulate that the medical system, with oncology as one sub-set, may be viewed using the Maturana and Varella (1980) concept of an autopoietic system.1 Using this analogy, the structural coupling of medicine with industry shows the change that this autopoietic system has undergone to survive. Whether the changes required for survival by the system then produce benefit for the greater environment—the public in general and cancer patients as a specific instance—is examined.

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47

Burke, Jennie. "Changes in direction of cancer research over the 20th century what prompted change : research results, economics, philosophy /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/44061.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons.))-University of Western Sydney, 2007. A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours). Includes bibliographical references.

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48

Baghdasarian, Shara, and Sarine Abrami. "Expatriates : A research on what affects the number of expatriates used." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8119.

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With an ever-increasing rate of globalization many firms today find it highly important to internationalize in order to survive and prosper. Swedish companies have also followed this trend of internationalization, among them Swedish banks.This research will investigate if the number of expatriates used is affected by subsidiary age, level of development in the host country and/or the cultural distance between the host market and Sweden.A case study was conducted on Handelsbanken, one of the four major banks in Sweden. Interviews and a questioner were used to gather information about what affects the number of expatriates used. The results indicate that the use of expatriates differs for different periods of the subsidiaries establishment. The study shows that cultural distance affects the use of expatriates in a later stage in the development phase. In the early stages expatriates are used to establish the corporate philosophy. As the philosophy has been well established it is evident that the use of expatriates declines because the use of host country nationals is more advantageous as they know their own culture and business environment better.

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49

Rotzek, Jan Niklas, Christoph Scope, and Edeltraud Guenther. "What energy management practice can learn from research on energy cultures?" Emerald, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75731.

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Purpose – This investigation aims to reframe the sizeable literature on barriers and drivers for energy efficiency measures and the phenomenon of the energy efficiency gap. We identified a gap between academic methods and industrial needs as well as a neglect of the cultural di-mension, despite its considerable impact. Based on this insight, the purpose of this paper is to integrate all of the various influences on industrial energy behavior previously identified in the literature in a refined energy cultures framework. Design/methodology/approach – This paper includes a systematic literature review of re-search in the field of energy management, energy efficiency, and cultural aspects within barri-ers and drivers of energy behavior. We selected and refined an existing energy cultures framework for the industrial context. To meet industrial needs, we applied an ontology map-ping of its core elements onto an international standard common for industrial energy man-agement practice. Findings – First, we present a refined framework for industrial energy cultures incorporating past barriers and drivers as factors. The framework enables an evaluation of attitude and be-havioral aspects, underlying technologies, organizational culture and actions related to energy as a system of interdependencies. Second, the factors are ranked based on number of appear-ances and empirical metadata. Economic aspects such as ‘Purchase, installment, and hidden costs’, ‘General investment and risk behavior’, and ‘Regulatory conditions’ are the highest ranked factors, but ‘Existing knowledge about EEM’, ‘Hierarchy approach: Top down’, and ‘Environmental concerns’ follow closely and represent cultural aspects which are still under-rated. Third, while illustrating a successful mapping onto a standardized process of continuous improvement, we also argue for heightened an academia-practice efforts. Social implications – Targeting the energy efficiency gap is an essential part of the sustainable development goals. The refined energy cultures framework allows for a better understanding of the industrial energy behaviors that are responsible for a significant share of a company’s success. The introduction of energy cultures serves as a starting point for future scholarly re-search within sustainability management accounting. Originality/value – The investigation combines existing research streams, their concepts, and their results about cultural aspects related to energy efficiency for both academics and practi-tioners. This review is the first to capture all of the various factors analyzed in academic litera-ture using the energy cultures framework as a basis. We add to the theoretical development of that framework with its application to the industrial context. This was identified as a gap. Its refinement helps to holistically understand barriers and drivers of industrial energy efficiency measures in order to support its practical implementation.

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50

Shallcross, Wendy. "What can be learned from a single case of psychoanalytic infant observation?" Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://repository.tavistockandportman.ac.uk/1123/.

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This study investigates a single retrospective case of psychoanalytic infant observation. Two principal aims emerged from the evolving investigation. The first concerned the methodology involved in examining observational data using psychoanalytic methods, the second being the exploration of what can be learned from the systematic study of a single recorded case of infant observation using Grounded Theory. The focus for the study concerned the infant’s first year and considered the structuring of the infant’s psychic life, which takes place in the initial relationship(s). From the phenomenological description of behaviours in the observed context, combined with the emotional field described in the observation reports,emotional meaning was inferred. The systematic use of line-by-line coding, abductive reasoning and the formation of categories led to discussion of the following detail:The first month of life; Exploration of the period when mother was traumatically absent, followed by her return; Selected observations that reveal parent/infant recovery. Several conclusions are reached regarding the observed infant. The first concerns the identification of synchronous rhythms or patterns in the mother/infant relationship where they were found to form a backdrop to aesthetic reciprocity. Rupture in aesthetic attunement was instrumental in activating a cascade of early proto-defensive organisation into later development. This took the form of oral preoccupation; namely regurgitation, rumination and choking. Whilst this defensive organisation may be specific to the observed infant, the study draws attention to developmental processes that may be relevant to infants in general. There is evidence to support how babies are more integrated than first thought by Bick (1968) and are ‘open’ to triangular relating in the first weeks. Proto-defensive structures may be evidenced from the start of post-natal life. This study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge concerning rumination in infancy.

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