Artículos de revistas: "Wheat fertilizers"

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Hossain, Akbar, MAZ Sarker, MA Hakim, Mst T. Islam y ME Ali. "Effect of Lime, Magnesium and Boron on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Residual Effects on Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)". International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 1, n.º 1-2 (22 de febrero de 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923.

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The study was carried out during 2007-2008 season in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur to know the effect of lime, Magnesium (Mg) and Boron (B) on yield and yield components of wheat and also their residual effect on mungbean. The geographical position of the area is between 25°62´ N, 88°63´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, both in wheat and mungbean. Treatments for wheat were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) recommended fertilizer + lime + B + Mg, (III) recommended fertilizer + lime + Mg, (IV) recommended fertilizer + lime + B and (V) control (Only recommended fertilizer) and for mungbean were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) 75% of recommended dose, (III) recommended fertilizer + B, (IV) recommended fertilizer + Mg and (V) control (without fertilizers). Results showed that the highest yield and yield components of wheat were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + B + Mg treated plot and the second highest were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + Mg treated plot. The lowest was recorded in control plot (only recommended fertilized). In case of mungbean the highest was found from recommended fertilizers + B treated plot, this treatment was limed in previously cultivated wheat crop and the lowest was recorded from control plot (without fertilizer). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 9-15, December, 2011

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N’Dayegamiye, Adrien. "Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1996): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-043.

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Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

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HU, CHENG, SHUANG-LAI LI, YAN QIAO, DONG-HAI LIU y YUN-FENG CHEN. "EFFECTS OF 30 YEARS REPEATED FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, MICROBES AND CROP YIELDS IN RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS". Experimental Agriculture 51, n.º 3 (18 de noviembre de 2014): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000350.

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SUMMARYLong-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experiment was designed with the following eight treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment: Control; (2) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment: N; (3) inorganic nitrogen plus inorganic phosphorus fertilizer treatment: NP; (4) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus plus inorganic potassium fertilizer treatment: NPK; (5) pig dung compost (manure) treatment: M; (6) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plus manure: NM; (7) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPM and (8) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, inorganic potassium fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPKM. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil organic C concentrations compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. Soil organic C contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in balanced application of NPK fertilizers in comparison to unbalanced application of fertilizers. After 30 years of experiment, soil organic C and total N sequestration rate averagely were 0.48 t ha−1 year−1 and 28.3 kg ha−1 year−1 in the fertilized treatments respectively; nevertheless, it were 0.27 t ha−1 year−1 and 9.7 kg ha−1 year−1 in the unfertilized treatment. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. The balanced application of NPK fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with unbalanced application of fertilizers. The average grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment than in inorganic fertilizer alone and unfertilized control. Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer and balanced application of NPK fertilizers could increase soil organic C and total N sequestration, culturable microbial counts and crop grain yields.

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Alexandra LEONTE, Alina AGAPIE, Paula Lucelia PINTILIE, Adina Cătălina DRUȚU, Georgiana AMARGHIOALEI y Sabina EȘANU. "RESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT, IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL OF MOLDAVIA". LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2, n.º 2 (26 de diciembre de 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v2i2.128.

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Winter wheat is one of the agricultural plants that reacts positively to the application of fertilizers in all soil and climatic conditions in our country. Factors that influence the effectiveness of fertilizers and create dosing difficulties, require the organization of a certain long-term experience for complex research of complex interactions plant x soil x fertilizer x climate and their effect on plant productivity, established in Secuieni in 1975. This paper presents the results obtained in a long-term experience with chemical fertilizers (NP) in winter wheat crop, located in Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț (A.R.D.S. Secuieni, Neamț), during 2019-2021. The experience takes place in the experimental field of the unit, on a typical cambic faeoziom (chernozem) soil, with medium texture, and its an bifactorial type (N x P) and were placed according to the method of subdivided plots, in five repetitions: the factor A phosphorus, with the following graduations: P0, P40, P80, P120 and P160 and factor B nitrogen, with the following graduations: N0, N40, N80, N120 and N160. The winter wheat culture is part of a three-year crop rotation with beans – winter wheat - corn. Following in rotation after beans, no nitrogen fertilizers were applied at the establishment of the crop. The variety studied is the Glosa variety, created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea (National Institute for Agricultural Research and Development Fundulea). In the climatic conditions of the two experimental years (2019-2021) the yields obtained from the application of chemical fertilizers varied depending on the applied dose. In the first year of testing, the yield varied in very high limits, from 3232kg ha-1 in the non-fertilized version and up to 6525 kg ha-1 in the version fertilized with N120P80. In the second year, the minimum yield was obtained in the version in which no fertilizer was applied dose, of 6133 kg ha-1, and the variant in which the fertilizer doses of N120P120 were applied obtained the highest yield, of 9429 kg ha-1. On average, the factors studied greatly influenced winter wheat yield, which variet within large limits, between 4683 kg ha-1 (N0P0) and 7787 kg ha-1 (N120P120).

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Vlasiuk, О. S. "EFFICACY OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN GROWING SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZATION BACKGROUND". Agriciltural microbiology 31 (7 de julio de 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.51-56.

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Objective. Develop a fertilization system for spring wheat based on the use of effective compositions of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, which will help to reduce the spreadof disease and increase the productivity of agrocenoses. Methods. Field, measuring- and weightbased, calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. The influence of mineral fertilizers, aftereffects of green manure, treatment of seeds with biopreparations and spraying of crops with Biocomplex-BTU on the parameters of productivity and exposure of spring wheat to powdery mildewhas been shown. It was found that pre-sowing bacterization of seeds increases yields by 3.3–12.4 %, depending on the biopreparations and fertilization background. Under the action of mineral fertilizers both separately and against the background of the after-effect of green manure, theyield increased by 31.7–41.2 %, compared with the variant without fertilizers and without inoculation. Treatment of spring wheat leaf with Biocomplex-BTU increased yield by 3.6–7.2 %, dependingon fertilizer and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds. Inoculation of seeds and treatment of crops withbiopreparations results in increase in the number and length of productive stems and grains inthe ear, although the use of fertilizers increases these parameters more significantly. Conclusion. Treatment of wheat seeds with bacterial preparations has a higher percentage efficiency in areas without fertilizers compared with fertilized ones, as well as in less favourable years for thegrowth of spring cereals, compared with more favourable. Seed inoculation with Polimiksobakterynin combination with the treatment of crops with Biocomplex-BTU, which, depending on the fertilizer, increases the crop yield by 0.54 to 0.73 t/ha, is the most effective. Crop treatment with Biocomplex-BTU significantly reduces exposure to powdery mildew.

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Youssef, Mohamed Ahmed, Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, Esmat F. Ali y Ali Majrashi. "Organic Amendment and Mulching Enhanced the Growth and Fruit Quality of Squash Plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown on Silty Loam Soils". Horticulturae 7, n.º 9 (28 de agosto de 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090269.

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Adoption of suitable organic fertilizers and soil mulching are useful tools to enhance soil quality, which will inevitably lead to improved growth and yield of crops. Little is known about the soil organic amendments and Azolla (Azolla pinnata) under soil organic mulching on the growth and yield of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo L.). A comparative study mainly focused on the impacts of organic fertilizer treatments on soil fertility and squash growth under wheat straw mulch was conducted on wooden boxes filled with silty loam soil. Wheat straw, as an organic mulch, and five organic-fertilization treatments were added to the soil. Wheat straw with a size of <2 cm was added to the soil surface with a 2 cm thickness. The fertilization treatments were: control (CO), chemical fertilizer (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA). Wheat straw mulch had positive effects on the soil properties, growth, and yield. The maximum fruit yield was obtained from the soil fertilized with DA under wheat straw mulch, while the lowest one was found in the control without mulching. Azolla and organic fertilizers showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization in increasing the soil fertility as well as the growth and quality of squash fruits; this superiority increased under the wheat straw mulching system. The application of recommended mineral fertilization (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA) under wheat straw mulch increased the soil available-N by 2, 20, 12, and 29%, respectively, above the control (CO), while these organic fertilizers without mulching increased the soil available-N by 11, 32, 26, and 48%, respectively. The production of vegetable crops such as squash plants requires the addition of organic fertilizers and mulching to increase yield and quality of fruits.

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ZENTNER, R. P., C. A. CAMPBELL, E. D. SPRATT y H. REISDORF. "EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND N AND P FERTILIZER ON YIELDS OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON A BLACK CHERNOZEMIC CLAY". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1987): 965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-134.

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The effects of crop sequence, rotation length, and fertilization on yields of spring wheat were examined for 14 crop rotations over a 25-yr period on a Black Chernozemic heavy clay soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Plots that were fertilized with N and P received the generally recommended rates for the region during the first 18 yr but in the last 7 yr fertilizers were applied based on soil tests. Yields of fertilized wheat grown on fallow were similar for the 2-yr fallow-wheat and the 3-yr fallow-wheat-wheat rotations (25-yr avg. 2505 kg ha−1). Yields of fertilized wheat grown on stubble were also similar within the monoculture rotations. During the first 18 yr, yields of fertilized stubble-wheat averaged 1656 kg ha−1 or about 64% of comparable fallow-wheat yields; but, during the last 7 yr, stubble-wheat yields were generally similar to those obtained on fertilized fallow. Removal of the straw each year from a 3-yr fallow-wheat-wheat rotation did not affect fallow- or stubble-wheat yields. Application of recommended rates of N and P fertilizer increased the 25-yr fallow-wheat yields by 11% (from 2254 to 2505 kg ha−1); the yield increases were significant about 70% of the time. On stubble, application of N and P fertilizer increased wheat yields by 47% (from 1130 to 1656 kg ha−1) during 1960–1977 and by 142% (from 935 to 2263 kg ha−1) during 1978–1984. The yield increase from fertilizing stubble-wheat was significant in 24 of 25 yr. Including grass-legume forage, or legume green manure crops in the rotation increased yields of wheat grown on the unfertilized partial fallow by 15–24% and on unfertilized stubble by 33–71%; the yields were similar and sometimes higher than those obtained on fallow in the well-fertilized monoculture wheat rotations. In comparison, the yields of unfertilized stubble-wheat in the cereal-forage rotations were generally similar to those obtained on fertilized stubble in monoculture rotations during 1960–1977, though they were lower during 1978–1984 when the monoculture rotations began receiving fertilizer based on soil tests. Yields of wheat grown on flax stubble that received fertilizer at the average rate of 68 kg ha−1 N plus 22 kg ha−1 P2O5 since 1978 were generally similar to yields obtained on fertilized fallow (avg. 2546 kg ha−1). These yields averaged 13% higher than yields of wheat grown on cereal stubble in monoculture rotations that received slightly more fertilizer N. Yields of fallow- and stubble-wheat were generally maintained over time with the application of recommended rates of N and P fertilizers, or by inclusion of legume-forage crops in the rotation, but yields of unfertilized stubble-wheat declined with time possibly reflecting declining soil fertility.Key words: Wheat, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, crop sequence, cereal forage rotations, legume green manure crops

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Lupu, Cornelia, Cătălina Druţu, Lorena-Diana Popa y Margareta Naie. "Influence of Chemical Fertilizers Application on Autumn Wheat Yield in Long-Term Experiences at Agricultural Research and Development Secuieni, Neamţ County, Romania". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0024.

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Abstract The current paper intends to interpret from a technical point of view the data and yield functions which resulted from applying different fertilizer doses with nitrogen and phosphorus. The analyzed parameters (yield, yield increase, marginal increase) represent basic elements with determining role in establishing the doses and approximating the economic efficiency when applying fertilizers. The data comes from a long time experience with chemical fertilizers at Agricultural Research and Development Station (A.R.D.S.) Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, since 1975 and examines the results obtained between 2010-2012. As a result of nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers application (compared to the unfertilized version N0P0), were achieved yield increases of 5-56%, representing 234-2342 kg/ha. The resulted yield have been influenced by the fertilizer’s type but also by the weather conditions in the research period. The use of phosphorus fertilizers in doses of P40-P160 brought medium yield increases compared to the unfertilized version P0 of 5-13% representing 256-681 kg/ha, and those with N40-N160 nitrogen brought medium increases (compared to the unfertilized version N0) of 15 -35% representing 599-1584 kg/ha. The production increases were directly correlated with the doses used, establishing highly significant correlations. The yield increases achieved by applying 1 kg of fertilizer active matter had medium values of 4.25-8.82 kg wheat/kg active matter P2O5 at phosphorus fertilizers and 9.9-14.97 kg wheat/kg active matter N at nitrogen fertilizers. These increases were indirectly correlated with the applied doses.

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Chertkova, N. G., T. I. Firsova, Yu G. Skvortsova, G. A. Filenko y R. O. Ryabov. "The use of complex fertilizers in seed production of winter wheat varieties". Grain Economy of Russia 1, n.º 2 (2 de mayo de 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2021-74-2-52-57.

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The current paper has presented the results of the estimation of productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Polina’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ when using liquid complex fertilizers ‘Strada N + Mono Sulfur (S)’, ‘Strada P + Mono Sulfur (S)’ and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The treatment of winter wheat plants was carried out in the form of foliar top-dressings in the stages of tillering and stem extension. The study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “Agri- cultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019-2020. The trials were laid in the crop rotation of the laboratory for primary seed production and seed study. The purpose was to study the effect of liquid complex fertilizers on the productivity of the studied winter wheat varieties. When using fertilizers for all varieties, there was a tendency to an increase in the density of the productive stand on 18-61 pcs/m2 in comparison with the control. The variety ‘Krasa Dona’ showed the best indicators of the traits ‘number of grains per head’, ‘grain weight per head’ and ‘1000 grain weight’ being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (43 pcs., 2.19 g and 45.7 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (46 pcs., 2.30 g and 46.5 g). The variety ‘Polina’ showed good results after being treated with ‘Strada P + S’ (48 pcs., 2.30 g and 42.1 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (51 pcs., 2.43 g and 42.4 g). The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed the greatest increase of the trait ‘number of grains’ with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The trait ‘1000 grains weight’ had an increase of 2.3 g, and ‘grain weight per head’ was 0.29 g. The treatment with fertilizers did not affect the trait ‘plant height’. The highest productivity of the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ was obtained when being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (9.4 t / ha) and ‘Diforma Silicon-potassium’ (9.5 t/ha); the productivity of the variety ‘Polina’ increased after ‘Strada P + S’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (9.1 t/ha), and the productivity of the variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ increased after ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (8.9 t/ha). The maximum economic effect (19080 rubles/ha) with 9.5 t/ha of productivity was obtained from the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ after the treatment with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The experimental results have shown that the use of complex fertilizers has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat plants.

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Malhi, S. S. "Effects of four consecutive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, n.º 2 (5 de mayo de 2006): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-115.

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A field experiment from 1999 to 2002 was carried out near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soil to compare the effects of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein, total S concentration, S uptake, and recovery of applied S in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and residual SO4-S in soil. Treatments were combinations of 10 and 20 kg S ha-1 rates applied in autumn and spring for two granular bentonitic elemental S fertilizers (ES- 90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and ammonium sulphate, plus a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast and all plots had a preseeding rotovation in spring to incorporate fertilizers into the soil. Seed (1 yr) and straw (3 yr) yield, seed protein concentration (1 yr), and total S concentration and S uptake in seed and straw (all years except uptake of S in seed in 2001 and 2002) showed significant response to S fertilization. Ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were generally more effective compared with the elemental S fertilizers, when there was a significant response to sulphate-S containing fertilizers. Autumn application of elemental S fertilizers was sometimes more effective than spring application, while an opposite trend was observed for sulphate-S containing fertilizers in some cases. The increase in S rate from 10 to 20 kg S ha-1 tended to increase the measured wheat parameters in many elemental S treatments, but for sulphate-S fertilizers the effect was less pronounced. The concentration of total S in seed and straw was relatively more responsive to S fertilization than yield and S uptake, particularly for seed. The effect of S fertilization on wheat was less pronounced in drought years, particularly on seed yield, suggesting that drought rather than S availability was limiting wheat growth. There was some build-up of residual SO4-S in the 0-60 cm depth of soil in many S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but there was little or no difference in soil SO4-S between elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers. In conclusion, the results from four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers in autumn and spring on the same area indicate that bentonitic granular elemental S fertilizers had comparatively less influence on wheat than granular sulphate-S fertilizers and further research to improve the effectiveness of these elemental S fertilizers is suggested. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein, seed quality, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

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Gil-Ortiz, Ricardo, Miguel Ángel Naranjo, Antonio Ruiz-Navarro, Marcos Caballero-Molada, Sergio Atares, Carlos García y Oscar Vicente. "New Eco-Friendly Polymeric-Coated Urea Fertilizers Enhanced Crop Yield in Wheat". Agronomy 10, n.º 3 (23 de marzo de 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030438.

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Presently, there is a growing interest in developing new controlled-release fertilizers based on ecological raw materials. The present study aims to compare the efficacy of two new ureic-based controlled-release fertilizers formulated with water-soluble polymeric coatings enriched with humic acids or seaweed extracts. To this end, an experimental approach was designed under controlled greenhouse conditions by carrying out its subsequent field scaling. Different physiological parameters and crop yield were measured by comparing the new fertilizers with another non polymeric-coated fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, and an untreated ‘Control’. As a result, on the microscale the fertilizer enriched with humic acids favored a better global response in the photosynthetic parameters and nutritional status of wheat plants. A significant 1.2-fold increase in grain weight yield and grain number was obtained with the humic acid polymeric fertilizer versus that enriched with seaweed extracts; and also, in average, higher in respect to the uncoated one. At the field level, similar results were confirmed by lowering N doses by 20% when applying the humic acid polymeric-coated produce compared to ammonium nitrate. Our results showed that the new humic acid polymeric fertilizer facilitated crop management and reduced the environmental impact generated by N losses, which are usually produced by traditional fertilizers.

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Malhi, S. S., J. J. Schoenau y C. L. Vera. "Influence of six successive annual applications of sulphur fertilizers on wheat in a wheat–canola rotation on a sulphur deficient soil". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2009): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08217.

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A 9-yr (1999–2007) field experiment was conducted on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam soil at Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The objective was to compare the influence of six successive annual applications (1999–2004) and the following residual effects for 3 yr (2005–2007) of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein and total S concentration, and S uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a wheat–canola rotation. Treatments used were combinations of two application times (preceding autumn and before seeding in spring) with two granular elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), ammonium sulphate, and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were applied annually at a rate of 15 kg S ha–1. From 1999 to 2004, seed yield (3 yr) and straw yield (4 yr), seed protein concentration (3 yr), total S concentration in seed (4 yr), and S uptake in seed (5 yr) and straw (5 yr) of wheat showed significant response to S fertilization. In the first year (1999), ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were more effective than ES-90 and ES-95. In the following years (2000–2004), there was no significant effect of S source on seed and straw yield. Sulphate-S containing fertilizers produced greater total S concentration in seed and S uptake in straw (3 yr) and for S uptake in seed (1 yr). There was no effect of timing of S application on seed yield and protein concentration in any year, but autumn application was superior to spring application for straw yield and S uptake (1 yr), and for seed total S concentration and S uptake (2 yr). Residual effects of six previous S applications showed improvement in wheat seed yield until 2006, and straw yield and total S uptake until 2007. Elemental S, especially when applied in autumn, tended to have more lasting residual effects than the other S fertilizer treatments. There was some build-up of residual sulphate-S in soil in almost all S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but this was generally higher with sulphate-S-containing fertilizers. Recovery of applied S from 1999 to 2004 in plants was usually higher with sulphate-S fertilizer than with elemental S fertilizer in most years. Recovery of applied S in soil was higher for sulphate-S fertilizers, followed by ES-90, and finally ES-95. Residual nitrate-N in soil was significantly lower in spring-applied ammonium sulphate treatment than the zero-S or other S treatments. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein concentration, S uptake, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

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Silifonov, T., G. Hospodarenko, V. Lubich, I. Polyanetska y V. Novikov. "Yield and grain quality of maturing stages of soft winter wheat with diﬀerent fertilizer systems in crop rotation". Agrobìologìâ, n.º 2(167) (9 de diciembre de 2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-146-156.

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The article presents the results of studying the formation of yield and grain quality (protein content, its output with yield, gluten content) of maturing stages of soft winter wheat with diﬀerent fertilizer systems in crop rotation. It was found that on average for two years of studying the cultivation of KVS Emil, grain yield increased from 4.50 to 5.83 t/ha or 1.3 times during the application of N75 and up to 6.96 t/ha, or 1,5 times in the variant of the experiment with long-term application of 150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers. The application of N75P30K40 increased it up to 6.43 t/ha or 1.4 times, and the application of complete fertilizer (N150P60K80) increased it up to 7.73 t/ha, or 1.7 times. Variants with incomplete return to the soil, removed with crops of phosphorus and potassium provided the formation of 1–3 % lower yield compared to complete fertilizer. The use of complete fertilizer in crop rotation contributed to the growth of the stability index of grain yield formation compared to the options without fertilizers, the application of P60K80 and the use of only nitrogen fertilizers. The yield of Rino soft wheat was signifcantly lower than that of KVS Emil. In addition, the efciency of fertilizer application was lower. Thus, on average for two years of research on unfertilized areas, it was 3.77 t/ha. The variant of the experiment with the use of the maximum dose of mineral fertilizers both in the crop rotation and in winter wheat contributed to an increase in yield by 1.5 times, and during the application of half of this dose – by 1.2 times in comparison with the control. The use of N75 increased the protein content in the KVS Emil grain up to 12.3 % or 5 %, and the application of N150 increased it up to 13.3 %, or 14 % compared to the option without fertilizers (11.7 %). The use of complete fertilizer provided an increase of this indicator by 8 % (N75P30K40) and by 17 % (N150P60K80). The protein content of Rino soft winter wheat was 20–23 % higher than that of KVS Emil. The application of 75 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased its content up to 15.4 % or 7 %, and the application of 150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen increased the protein content up to 15.9 % or 10 % compared to the option without fertilizers. The use of nitrogen fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased the protein content by 0.2–0.5 % compared to the application of nitrogen fertilizers only. The stability index of protein content formation was high for growing both varieties – 1.02–1.06. In the agrotechnology of soft winter wheat, it is necessary to apply 75–150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers against the background of P30K40. This fertilizer system provides the 13.2–13.8 % protein content in the KVS Emil grain, the gluten content – 28.5–30.6 %, the protein collection at the level of 965–1055 kg/ha. For the Rino variety, respectively, 15.5–16.3 %, 34.5–35.8 % and 810–880 kg/ha. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, fertilizer systems, yield, protein content, gluten content.

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Bogomazov, S. V., A. A. Levin, E. V. Efremova, O. A. Tkachuk y A. V. Lyandenburskaya. "Efficiency of humic and mineral fertilizers in the technology of spring wheat cultivation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 953, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/953/1/012026.

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Abstract The article presents the results of studies on the effect of humic fertilizer Gumostim and mineral fertilizers on the formation of productivity of spring soft wheat varieties Tulaykovskaya 108. The work performed allows us to expand our understanding of the effect of humic acid salts in humic fertilizers on the development of spring wheat and give recommendations on methods for their use in order to increase the yield and quality of household products, preserving the ecological cleanliness of the environment. The research objective is to improve the elements of spring wheat cultivation technology under the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, which allow to optimize the conditions of growth and development through the integrated use of humic and mineral fertilizers. Studies have found that the use of humic fertilizer Gumostim increases field germination of spring wheat seeds by 0.8-1.2%, the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.16 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 13%, grain weight per plant by 15%, yield by 0.55 t/ha. Mineral fertilizers increase the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.30 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 36%, spring wheat yield by 1.01 t/ha. The combined use of Gumostim and mineral fertilizers increases the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.47 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 83%, grain weight per plant by 45.8%, spring wheat yield by 1.55 t/ha.

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Шакиров, Рафил, Rafil Shakirov, Закиржан Бикмухаметов, Zakirzhan Bikmuhametov, Фидаил Хисамиев y Fidail Hisamiev. "ADAPTIVE RESOURCE AND MOISTURE-SAVING WAYS OF INCREASING THE WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTION THE FERTILITY OF GRAIN FOREST SOIL OF THE KAMA REGION OF TATARSTAN". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5afc0af16ecbd0.29128773.

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Complex studies were carried out in eight-field cereal-steam and grain-steamed crop rotations with the use of the following factors: precursors, fertilizer systems calculated for 4 and 5 tons of grain per hectare, plant protection and basic tillage methods. Scientific novelty - for the first time on the gray forest soils of Kama, adaptive moisture saving technologies have been developed and the agroeconomic substantiation of the effect of their integrated application on the productivity of spring wheat and reproduction of soil fertility has been given. The aftereffect of various types of organic fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat and soil fertility under systemic application in crop rotations has been experimentally substantiated. The best precursors of spring wheat turned out to be alfalfa of 3 years of use, winter rye for the sideral sweet and manured fallows. Not bad predecessors are fertilized with organic fertilizers corn and winter wheat placed after the sideral fallow. Effective use of the organomineral fertilizer system in crop rotations, at which the productivity of the cultivated crop increases by 10-11 centners per hectare compared to the background without fertilizers, the supply of nutrients to the elements improves, during which the content exceeds the control by 1.3-1.4 times. The increment of yields from plant protection is in the range 0.2-0.45 ton per hectare, depending on the nutrition background and the protection methods. At the same time, the greatest increase from integrated protection, taking into account economic threshold of damage, is achieved against the background of the organomineral system of fertilizers, the smallest increase - against a background without fertilizers. Among basic soil cultivation methods, it is advisable to loosen without turning the seam to a depth of 15-16 cm, which increases the productivity, provides fuel and energy savings of up to 40%, accumulates and stores 10 to 20% more productive moisture in the meter soil layer than dump plowing. Complex application of adaptive methods on the basis of fructification using the organomineral fertilizer system raises productivity by 1.5-2 times, profitability of production by 43 -98%, reduces the cost of grain by 20-35%.

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Гилаев, Ildar Gilaev, Шакиров y Rafil Shakirov. "PRODUCTIVITY OF EKADA 66 SPRING WHEAT VARIETY, DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AT VARIOUS WAYS OF BASIC TILLAGE OF GRAY FOREST SOIL". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, n.º 1 (7 de septiembre de 2014): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3820.

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One of the important issues of increasing productivity and improving the quality of the grain is the correct application of fertilizers. The the quantity and quality of the final product depends on the right balance and the level of availability of nutrients in fertilizers. The results, presented in this article, demonstrate the relevance and significance of this research. We studied the issue of increasing technological qualities of grain and productivity of spring wheat. Using organomineral fertilizers by cash and balance method on the background of subsurface tillage can improve grain quality indicators. In the variant when treating organic fertilizers in amount of 7 tons per hectare of arable land per year with the addition of NPK fertilizer on the background subsurface loosening, the protein content was 14.8%, gluten - 32.7%, with the gluten deformation index 75 (I group), which corresponds to I class of grain quality. Not less important is the conservation the resources and reduction of fertilizers load on the soil in order to greening agriculture. So, the introduction of organomineral fertilizers will not only increase the crop by 1.5-2 times, compared to the control one without fertilizer, but also improve the payback of NPK fertilizer by grain to 50%, compared with mineral fertilizer system, by reducing fertilizer rates up to 40%.

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Malinovskaya, I. M. y D. V. Litvinov. "MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE ROOT ZONE OF PEA AND WINTER WHEAT PLANTS AT CULTIVATION IN MONOCULTURE AND FOUR FIELD CROP ROTATION". Agriciltural microbiology 14 (26 de abril de 2012): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.14.77-90.

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The peculiarities of various microbiological processes at cultivation of winter wheat and pea crops in the permanent and short crop rotations were studied in stationary experiments. It was established that the cultivation of wheat in a monoculture results in intensification of consumption of soil organic matter as compared to the crop rotations: without applications mineral fertilizers on 52,2 %, with mineral fertilizers – on 77,8 %; increase of humus mineralization: without fertilizer on 111 %, with fertilizer (N60P60K60) – on 15 %; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds on 100 and 60,0 %, respectively. Cultivation of peas in a monoculture was also accompanied by intensification of soil organic matter development: without the application of mineral fertilizers by 3,17 times, with mineral fertilizers – by 1,79 times; increase of humus mineralization by 1,73 and 1,88 times, respectively; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 2,38 and 1,88 times, respectively. The decrease of humus mineralization activity in the root zone of pea plants as comparing to the wheat was at 45,7 % (monoculture), 19,2 % (crop rotation) and 46,9 % (crop rotation, NPK) levels.

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Файзрахманов, Dzhaudat Fayzrakhmanov, Хузиахметов, Rifkat Khuziakhmetov, Сабиров, Ayrat Sabirov, Сабиров y Aydar Sabirov. "INNOVATIVE WAYS OF FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION AND TRAINING - A BASIS FOR SAFETY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2016): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19321.

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The article presents the results of the review of the global state production and use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen, as in the structure of world fertilizer consumption 60% is accounted for nitrogen fertilizers. We consider a positive effect of two kinds of innovative fertilizer on productivity and quality of spring wheat grain and green fodder. We propose innovative development ways of plants, producing mineral fertilizers, and plant growing through training in Kazan State Agrarian University.

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Belyaev, V. I., L. V. Sokolova y A. V. Matsyura. "Effect of fertilizer application schemes on wheat production. The case of Altai Krai". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, n.º 4 (10 de agosto de 2020): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_1981.

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Increasing of crop yields mainly caused by modern technology, use of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products. Therefore, developing of zonal agricultural technologies will ensure the rational use of soil agroclimatic potential and increase grain production profitability. Because of economic needs, the broad use of mineral fertilizers, including liquids with minor nutrient elements was applied in Altai Krai. Therefore, the justification of doses and sorts of fertilizers and minor nutrient elements is especially relevant here. The aim of our study was to increase the efficiency of granular and liquid mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in the steppe zone of Altai Krai. The experiment was done in LLC “Russia” in Novichikhinsky district of Altai Krai. We presents seven fertilizer variants for cultivating the spring wheat using the No-Till technology in the steppe zone of Altai region. We also assessed the quality of sowing, soil water regime, yield structure and grain quality, and presented the general patterns of crop formation and technical and economic evaluation of these fertilizer variants.

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McKenzie, R. H., E. Bremer, A. B. Middleton, P. G. Pfiffner y R. E. Dowbenko. "Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s06-055.

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The recent development of low-cost controlled-release urea (CRU) may provide additional options for N fertilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at three locations in southern Alberta to evaluate different options of applying CRU to winter wheat. In the first experiment, three N fertilizers (20-day CRU, 40-day CRU and urea) were seed-placed and side-banded at the time of seeding at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. Stand densities were substantially reduced by seedrow application of urea at rates greater than 30 kg N ha-1, but were unaffected by seedrow application of CRU, even at the highest rate of N application. When N fertilizer was sidebanded, stand densities were unaffected by fertilizer type or N rate. Yield gains due to N application were reduced by application of high rates of seed-placed urea, but similar for other treatments. Grain protein concentration and N uptake were also similar for CRU and seed-placed urea. In the second experiment, three N fertilizers (CRU, urea and ammonium nitrate) were broadcast at 30 kg N ha-1 in early spring on plots that had received 0, 30 or 60 kg N ha-1 of CRU at the time of seeding. Inadequate release of spring broadcast CRU was indicated by reduced grain protein concentrations relative to conventional N fertilizers. Under the conditions experienced in our study, CRU substantially increased the maximum safe rate of seed-placed urea, provided minimal benefits to N response relative to side-banded urea, and was less effective than conventional N fertilizers when broadcast in early spring. Key words: N fertilizer use efficiency, slow release, winter survival

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Alenzy, Ahmed F. M. y Akram A. H. Al-Hadethi. "The Role of Fertilization with Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Calcareous Desert Soil". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012027.

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Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the source and level of addition of nano-zinc oxide on the growth and yield of IPA-99 wheat cultivar grown in desert soil conditions and compare it with regular zinc fertilizers. Fertilizers were sprayed on the soil, the nano-fertilizers included three sources of zinc, nano-metallic zinc oxide (ZnnO), zinc-chelated nano-fertilizer ZnnDTPA, and nano-zinc humate (ZnnHA). The nano-fertilizers were added at levels of 1 and 2 kg ha-1. Whereas the regular zinc fertilizers, ZnO, ZnDTPA, and ZnHA, were added at a level of 4 and 8 kg ha-1 in addition to the control treatment without addition. After harvest, the grain yield, straw yield, and the concentration of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the wheat grain were estimated. The results showed that zinc nano fertilizers had a significant effect in increasing the studied plant traits compared to the control treatment, Zinc humate nano fertilizer gave the highest increase in all studied plant traits among the nano-fertilizers, as it achieved an increase in grain yield, straw yield, zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations in grains by 45.36%, 57.01%, 409.43%, 42.36%, 98.20%, and 38.56 % respectively over the control treatment. The zinc nano-fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing the yield of grains and the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the grains compared to the regular zinc fertilizers. While the results showed there was no significant difference in straw yield and the concentration of zinc and phosphorous in the grains between nano and normal zinc fertilizer.

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Ismailov, A. B., A. Sh Gimbatov, E. K. Omarova, G. A. Alimirzayeva y R. A. Radzhabov. "Quality indicators and nitrate accumulation in winter wheat grain when applying fertilizers in conditions of plain irrigated zone of Dagestan". E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125407007.

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The introduction of new highly productive high-impact varieties into production requires a revision of the rules and methods of fertilizer application in relation to these varieties' possibilities under specific cultivation conditions. Thus, the studies carried out on meadow-chestnut soil in the conditions of the flat irrigated zone of Dagestan in the study of new zoned winter wheat varieties Bezostaya 100 and Sila showed high productivity in the application of N90P45 fertilizers. The aim of the research was to study grain quality indicators and nitrate accumulation of the main food crop in the systemic application of fertilizers. In this article we present the scientific research results on the dependence of yield, protein, and gluten of new winter wheat varieties on the mineral fertilizers' application. The dependence of nitrate accumulation in winter wheat grain on mineral fertilizers' introduction was revealed.

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Martsinyshyn, Yu D. y S. V. Pyda. "БІОХІМІЧНИЙ СКЛАД ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ М’ЯКОЇ (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ЗА ВПЛИВУ ДОБРИВ". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 81, n.º 1-2 (30 de junio de 2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.1-2.12.

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The article, based on the analysis of scientific works, presents the research findings of the influence of mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer on the biochemical composition of soft wheat grain. It is shown that seed productivity and quality of wheat grain depend on the provision of plants with nutrients during the growth season, resistance to stress factors and biological characteristics of the variety. The yield of winter wheat increases due to super-strong and extra-strong varieties, but the quality of grain, which is negatively correlated with productivity, decreases. Fertilizers are a significant factor in improving the quality of wheat grain, and their use allows to obtain high quality baking flour. Application of different types of organic fertilizers (cattle manure, chicken manure) and green manures (wheat-wheat, oat-pea, mustard) results in an increase in the gluten content from 24.2 to 25.6–27.7 % in grain winter wheat. The application of manure also contributed to the accumulation of proteins in the grain. The quality of wheat grain (nutritional value and baking properties) depends on both the protein content and their amino acid composition. Nitrogen fertilizers have been shown to increase the protein content and the amount of essential amino acids in grain and improve their amino acid composition, but their application, especially in higher doses, reduces the baking properties of wheat flour. The use of nitrogen fertilizers also increases the content of trace elements in wheat grain and improves the nutritional value of this important food. Foliar feeding of plants with chelated micro-fertilizers on the background of complete mineral nutrition (N60P60K60) also improves the quality of grain, while increasing the content of proteins and gluten. Pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization of plants in the phase of tillering and earing with liquid organo-mineral fertilizer Polidon Bio Zernovyi special purpose for winter wheat, against the background of mineral nutrition (N60P60K60), increased the protein content in grain according to experimental variants and promoted raw gluten growth.

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Atoev, Bakhtiyor, Jandos Kaypnazorov, Mukhayyo Egamberdieva, Samad Makhammadiev, Murod Karimov y Dilafruz Makhkamova. "Technology of nutriating winter wheat varieties in variety-soil-fertilizer system". E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402040.

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In this article, the reaction of winter wheat varieties to fertilizers in irrigated soils in the varietal-soil-fertilizer system was studied and a feeding system was developed and recommended for each soil-climatic conditions and varieties. Appropriate fertilizer standards have been developed for each wheat variety, which have increased the germination, weeding, accumulation, tuberization, spike formation, dry mass accumulation, grain quality, and yield structure and yield of winter wheat. N250P200K200 kg/ha was obtained from Polovchanka variety of winter wheat at the rate of N250P200K200 kg/ha used in irrigated brown meadow soils, while in typical irrigated gray soils the yield of winter wheat was higher than N250P200K200 kg/ha of pure wheat with N250P200K200 kg/ha. Grain yield was 80.18 tons/ha from Tanya variety, 76.38 tons/ha from Krasnodar-99 variety and 82.32 tons/ha from Polovchanka variety under N200P150K150 kg/ha. Under the influence of the same optimal fertilizer standards, the growth and development of winter wheat, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield and grain quality are improved, and the efficiency of fertilizers is increased.

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Petraityte, Danute, Ausra Arlauskiene y Jurgita Ceseviciene. "Use of Digestate as an Alternative to Mineral Fertilizer: Effects on Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Winter Wheat Nitrogen Accumulation in Clay Loam". Agronomy 12, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020402.

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Knowledge of the mineralisation and nutrient release of organic fertilisers is essential to ensure plant nutrient demand and availability, to increase N use efficiency and to minimise environmental risks. In 2018–2020, two similar field experiments were carried out on clay loam Cambisol with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown without N application and applying liquid anaerobic digestate (LD), pig slurry (PS) and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizer with and without additional fertilization (N120 and N120+50). The aim of the research was to compare the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the variation of soil mineral nitrogen forms in the 0–30, 30–60 cm soil layers and N accumulation in wheat yield. Fertilizers applied during the previous growing season increased the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen (N-NO3 and N-NH4) content after the resumption of winter wheat vegetation. The dry period in spring (2019) had a negative impact on winter wheat N uptake. In a year of normal moisture content (2020), PS and LD fertilizers and the fertilizer application of the previous year (2019) significantly increased the N-NO3 content in the topsoil, while all applied fertilizers increased it in the deeper soil layer (by a factor of between 3.6 and 12.3), compared to unfertilized soil.

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Zudilin, Sergey y Natal'y Chukhnina. "INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE". Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 6, n.º 1 (20 de mayo de 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/44164.

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The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by 0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The in-troduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other or-ganic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were ob-served between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was – 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied – 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use – 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one – 3.36 t/ha; biohumus – 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm – 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm – 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice – 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.

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Rahman, M. Ataur, M. Atikur Rahman, NCD Barma y TP Tiwari. "Triple cereal system with fertilizer and planting management for improving productivity in coastal saline soils of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41, n.º 1 (9 de mayo de 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27664.

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A field experiment was conducted on a saline environment of Shatkhira to assess the feasibility of an intensive wheat-maize-rice cropping system with crop residue used as mulch, bed planting and fertilizer management to improve productivity. Three levels of fertilizers (Recommended dose of NPKS fertilizers, recommended fertilizers plus 50% additional K and S and recommended fertilizers with 2 t/ha ash) were assigned in main plots and four combinations of soil management and mulching (Conventional flat, Conventional with straw mulching @ 3 t/ha, Bed planting, and Bed with straw mulching @ 3 t/ha) were kept in subplots with three replications. Rice straw mulch was used after wheat sowing, wheat straw mulch was applied after maize sowing. Rice was puddle transplanted without mulch. Crop varieties like BARI GOM 25, BARI Hybrid Maize 7, and BRRI Dhan 39 were used for wheat, maize and rice, respectively. Chemical analysis of soils after two years of experimentation and the response of component crops for the two cropping cycles indicated that straw mulching either on bed or flat soil was equally effective in preventing rapid development of soil salinity in the dryer periods and thereby resulted in better stand establishment contributing to higher spikes/m2 of wheat and ears/m2 of maize. Available nutrient contents in soil, especially P (Olsen), B and K were improved when straw much was applied in bed or flat plantings. Application of ash with recommended fertilizer was effective in improving grain yields of component crops as compared to other fertilizer treatments without ash. The highest grain yield of wheat and maize was achieved when recommended dose of fertilizers plus ash with straw mulching were applied either in bed or flat soil condition for both the years. Treatment effect was not noted on rice yield in the first year, however the residual effect of treatments and its combinations became significant in the second year. Like wheat and maize, rice yield positively increased by fertilizer+ ash and mulching. Straw mulch and ash application contributed to soil salinity mitigation, favoured crop establishment and improved the yields of component crops.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 1-15, March 2016

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Belash, Mikhail Yur'yevich, Yevgeniya Vladimirovna Veprikova, Anatoliy Alekseyevich Sobolev, Vasiliy Nikolayevich Romanov, Natal'ya Stanislavovna Kozulina, Tat'yana Anatol'yevna Snytkova, Al'bina Vladimirovna Vasilenko, Mikhail Arkad'yevich Mikhaylets, Aleksey Gennad'yevich Lipshin y Oksana Pavlovna Taran. "OBTAINING, PROPERTIES AND GROWTH-STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF GRANULAR NITROGEN-CONTAINING ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS BASED ON ASPEN SAWDUST". chemistry of plant raw material, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20220411955.

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A method for preparation of nitrogen-containing fertilizers based on aspen sawdust, including their impregnation with a water solution of ammonium nitrate and subsequent granulation, is proposed. The resulting fertilizers contain 15.42–16.07 wt.% nitrogen. The physicochemical properties of sawdust and fertilizers based on them are studied. It was shown that the pre-treatment of aspen sawdust by 1.0 wt.%. water solution of NaOH leads to the development of their porous structure, a decrease in the content of phenolic substances and makes it possible to obtain denser fertilizer granules. As a result of a field test on growing wheat of the Krasnoyarskaya 12 variety, a growth-stimulating effect of nitrogen-containing granular fertilizers based on aspen sawdust was revealed - the crop yield increased by 0.4–0.9 t/ha compared to the unfertilized background. A more effective effect on the yield of wheat of granulated nitrogen-containing fertilizer based on sawdust after their treatment with 1.0 wt.% water NaOH solution was established – according to this indicator, the achieved effect is 0.5 t/ha more compared to fertilizer based on the original aspen sawdust.

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Larney, Francis J., H. Henry Janzen y Barry M. Olson. "Efficacy of inorganic fertilizers in restoring wheat yields on artificially eroded soils". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1995): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-053.

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Chemical fertilizers are often used to amend eroded agricultural land. However, the relationships between level of erosion, nitrogen (N) rate and phosphorus (P) rate in restoring soil productivity are unclear. In 1990, experiments were initiated to examine the effect of three levels of erosion (0, 10 and 20 cm of topsoil removal to simulate non-eroded, moderately eroded and severely eroded soils), four rates of N and three rates of P on the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for four southern Alberta soils. Residual erosion and fertilizer effects were assessed in a second cropped year. Erosion significantly decreased grain and straw yield at all four sites in the initial year. Removing 10 and 20 cm of topsoil reduced non-fertilized production by 43–66% and 60–85%, respectively, as compared with the undisturbed non-fertilized plots. Except for one site in the initial year, additions of N and P only partly remedied these losses. Responses to N and P were highest at moderate levels of erosion at three sites. There was a greater yield overlap between moderately and severely eroded treatments than between non-eroded and moderately eroded treatments, implying that the restoration of productivity is more difficult once the shallowest layer of topsoil has been removed. Key words: Simulated erosion, wheat, inorganic fertilizer, soil restoration

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Rossi, F. A., S. J. Barneto, F. Chimenti, C. Defilipis, A. Salinas, L. Borioni, A. Jimenez y R. De Luca. "Wheat Fertilization Opportunity (Triticum aestivum L.) with Localized Irrigation". Agrociencia 19, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.19.247.

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In Argentina, the moment of application of agrochemicals on extensive crop dryland farming is reduced by the development of the vegetative phases. Although it is hardly implemented by producers, sprinkler irrigation extends the time period for the application of fertilizers. Localized irrigation, which has been incorporated into these production systems, increases the fertilization opportunity thus reducing the doses if compared to other irrigation methods. The aim of this paper was to assess the fertilization opportunity of the wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) by using localized irrigation in the city of Luján, Buenos Aires. The yield with traditional fertilizers was compared to other methods where fertilizers were fractioned. Klein Tauro wheat was planted on August 6th 2014. The field received the following treatments: dryland farming fertilization to the crop, fertilizer irrigation to the crop, irrigation through fractionation of fertilizers to the crop including the poaceae stage, irrigation though fractionation of fertilizers to the crop and pod filling, and irrigation through fractionation of fertilizers, poaceae stage and pod filling. Upon harvest, the yield and its components were assessed as well as the efficiency of water used as regards to the dry weight of the grain. Statistically, there were no significant differences (Tukey test, p-value < 0. 05) except for the dry weight of 1000 grains, taking into account the dryland farming fertilization and the irrigation through fractionation of fertilizers and pod filling 42, 70 g and 37, 36 g respectively. Mid-levels were: dry weight of 1000 grains, 39, 74 g, crop yield, dry weight yield 3665, 75 kg ha-1. Mid efficiency in the production of matter considering the water used during the crop cycle was 7. 99 g mm-1 ha-1.

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Сержанов, Игорь, Igor Serzhanov, Фарит Шайхутдинов, Farit Shaykhutdinov, Альбина Сержанова, Al'bina Serzhanova, Разиль Гараев y Razil Garaev. "CROP PROPERTIES AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS DEPENDING ON THE FOOD BACKGROUND IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, n.º 2 (29 de julio de 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d3e15bde73a94.15332321.

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The article presents the results of studies on the effect of nutritional background on productivity and quality of spring soft wheat seeds of Yoldyz variety. The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on the harvest of spring wheat. In more favorable weather conditions in 2017 and 2018 years, the difference in yield compared to the dry 2016 was 0.4-0.42 tons and 0.48-0.59 per hectare on fertilized backgrounds. The use of calculated rates of fertilizers for 3 tons per hectare of grain contributed to an increase in yield of 0.55 tons per hectare. A further increase in the fertilizer dose to obtain 4 tons per hectare of grain did not give a significant increase to the fertilizer background of 3 tons per hectare. The level of mineral nutrition has improved the seed sowing qualities. With an estimated nutrition level of 3 tons per hectare, on average for three years, the seed germination energy increased by 4.8% compared to the control, on the 4 tons per hectare variant - 5.2%, laboratory germination, respectively, by 1.8-1, 4%, growth rate - 4.1-5.7 percent. Seeds grown on fertilized backgrounds per 3 and 4 tons per hectare of spring wheat grain had increased yield properties. The yield increase to the control was 0.67-0.75 tons per hectare. Under the conditions of gray forest soils of Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan, spring wheat of Yoldyz variety should be grown on seed crops at the background of the application of calculated norms for fertilizers of 3 tons per hectare of grain.

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Aazadi, M. S., S. A. Siyadat, M. Mehdi Poor Syahbidi y E. Younesi. "The Study Effect of Nitrogen, Azotobacter Spp. and Azospirillum Spp. on Phenological and Morphological Traits of Durum Wheat Cultivars in Dehloran Region, Iran". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0002.

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ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in the form of factorial split in the model random complete block design in three replicates. In this design three kinds of durum wheat including Yavarous, Karkheh, Seimareh were planted in the main plots and three levels of 40, 80 and 120 kg net nitrogen in hectare which it had been provided from source of urea and three levels of bio fertilizer including Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. and without using bio fertilizer (control) as factorial were cultivated in secondary plots. Before cultivation, amount of seeds which it must be mixed with together Azospirillum spp. and Azotobacter spp. bacteria’s, it was mixed together water and sugar with 2% density of wet and in proportion of 2 kg in 100 kg seeds were mixed with seeds. The irrigation of blocks was separately done for preventing from mixture of bacteria. This research will have a new asped for/in order to effect of biological fertilizers in replacement with/to fertilizers and it hasn't demonstrate its comparison on durum wheat in the region by now. Finally, with interpretation of results obtained from this research defined that positive effect of biological fertilizers on growth that before they have verified about plants, also, they are true about grains such as wheat. So, considering the obtained results from this research, it is seemed that application of suitable biological fertilizers can be effective in increase of function, improvement of growing traits of wheat and decrease nitrogen fertilizer.

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Ali, M. "Wheat/chickpea intercropping under late-sown conditions". Journal of Agricultural Science 121, n.º 2 (octubre de 1993): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076991.

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SUMMARYField experiments to determine the optimum fertilizer treatment and ratio of wheat to chickpea in late-sown irrigated intercropped populations were done during the winter seasons of 1983–85 on sandy loam soils at the research station of the Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India. Of the three populations tested (2:2, 2:1 and 3:1 row ratios of wheat: chickpea), the 2:2 row ratio allowed more light interception and transmission to the lower canopy and gave significantly higher yield (4155 kg/ha wheat equivalent) and land equivalent ratio (LER) than the other treatments. Chickpea yields were reduced more than those of wheat under all intercropping systems and the reduction was largest at the 3:1 row ratio. Wheat (cv. Sonalika) was more productive than chickpea (cv. BG261). Application of the normally recommended rate of fertilizer to the wheat only was as effective as applying fertilizers, at the appropriate rates, to both the component crops; indicating that fertilizers applied only to wheat were adequate to meet the requirements of the associated chickpea also.

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Sayed, M. A. y M. N. A. Bedaiwy. "Effect of controlled sprinkler chemigation on wheat crop in a sandy soil". Soil and Water Research 6, No. 2 (30 de mayo de 2011): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2010-swr.

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A two-year experiment was conducted in the desert west of the Nile Delta to study the effect of applying fertilizers and other agronomic chemicals through sprinkler irrigation water (a technique referred to as chemigation) on wheat grain yield. Experiment included three levels of irrigation inputs, namely: I1 = potential evapotranspiration rate (ETp), I2 = 0.8 ETp and I3 = 0.6 ETp, and included two application method of fertilizers and herbicide (chemication and traditional). Applying chemigation resulted in significant increase in grain yield, ranging between 9.9% and 50.0% with averages of 43.2% and 14.5% over the first and second seasons, respectively. Irrigation treatment I1 produced higher grain yield than the other two irrigation treatments both under traditional and chemigation methods as a result of better fertilizer distribution in the root zone. Grain yield associated with combined I1 and chemigation was highest of all treatments and was greater than Egypt's national average by 14% and 9% for seasons 1 and 2, respectively. Chemigation resulted in more uniform distribution of nitrate-nitrogen throughout the root zone with nitrate levels falling within safe limits. Concentrations under traditional application resulted in lower levels in upper soil and greater levels at deeper soil of the root zone exceeding safe limits and subjecting the soil and groundwater to contamination hazards. For both N and K fertilizers, fertilizer use efficiency was greater under chemigation than under traditional application. Efficiencies increased with increasing irrigation water, apparently due to better fertilizer distribution. Applying herbicides with sprinkler irrigation water reduced weed infestation from 48% to 6.5%. As a result of improved yield under chemigation, an increase in revenue per hectare of 112.6% was achieved.

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Aliloo, A. A. "Potassium Sulfate Improved Early Growth of Wheat under Controlled Conditions". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0049.

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Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate NPK fertilizer effects on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum variety Azar-2). Chemical fertilizers including urea (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1), triple superphosphate (10, 20, 30, 30 and 60 mg.L-1) and potassium sulfate (100, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg.L-1) were used along with control in three replications. The used concentrations imitate possible status of the fertilizers in the soil solutions. The results showed that fertilizers did not alter seed germination percentage. However, there was a significant influence on seedling performance. Seedling growth under potassium sulfate applications was significantly enhanced, which was followed by triple superphosphate, but urea decreased the values. The root to shoot ratio was influenced by potassium sulfate and the ratio was decreased in all concentration. Triple superphosphate did not significant effects on seedling properties, while urea decreased seedling performance. It was concluded that the response of wheat to the fertilizers application was different and among the used materials potassium sulfate could be effective on seedling growth of wheat.

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Romanov, Vasily N., Natalia S. Kozulina, Tatiana A. Snitkova, Albina V. Vasilenko, Mikhail A. Mikhailets, Mikhail Yu Belash, Evgenia V. Veprikova, Anatoly A. Sobolev, Oxana P. Taran y Alexey G. Lipshin. "Properties of Granular Nitrogen-Containing Fertilizers Based on Pine Sawdust and Studying its Effectiveness in Growing Wheat in the Agricultural Zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory". Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 14, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2021): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0264.

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A method for producing granular fertilizers based on pine sawdust containing ammonium nitrate is proposed. Physico-chemical properties of sawdust and fertilizers containing 20.0 wt.% nitrogen were studied. The effect of pretreatment of pine sawdust with 1 % wt. with a water solution of NaOH on the properties of granular fertilizers was explored. The results of a field trial on the cultivation of wheat varieties «Krasnoyarskaya 12» revealed the growth-stimulating effect of nitrogen-containing granular fertilizers in comparison with an unfertilized background. A more effective influenceon wheat yield of granular fertilizer fabricated from pine sawdust after their treatment with 1 % wt. with a water solution of NaOHThe achieved effect on 1,9 c/ha higher in comparison with thefertilizer based on original sawdust

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Jastrzębska, Magdalena, Marta K. Kostrzewska y Agnieszka Saeid. "Phosphorus Fertilizers from Sewage Sludge Ash and Animal Blood as an Example of Biobased Environment-Friendly Agrochemicals: Findings from Field Experiments". Molecules 27, n.º 9 (26 de abril de 2022): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092769.

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Wastes of biological origin from wastewater treatment systems and slaughterhouses contain substantial amounts of phosphorus (P) with high recovery potential and can contribute to alleviating the global P supply problem. This paper presents the performance of fertilizer (AF) and biofertilizer (BF) from sewage sludge ash and animal blood under field conditions. BF is AF incorporated with lyophilized cells of P-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus megaterium. In the experiments with spring or winter wheat, the biobased fertilizers were compared to commercial P fertilizer, superphosphate (SP). No P fertilization provided an additional reference. Fertilizer effects on wheat productivity and on selected properties of soil were studied. BF showed the same yield-forming efficiency as SP, and under poorer habitat conditions, performed slightly better than AF in increasing yield and soil available P. Biobased fertilizers applied at the P rate up to 35.2 kg ha–1 did not affect the soil pH, did not increase As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb content, and did not alter the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in the soil. The findings indicate that biobased fertilizers could at least partially replace conventional P fertilizers. Research into strain selection and the proportion of P-solubilizing microorganisms introduced into fertilizers should be continued.

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Eremina, Diana y Oksana Demina. "ECONOMY OF OBTAINING PLANNED SPRING WHEAT YIELDS ON AROUND CHERNOZEM DUE TO MINERAL FERTILIZER". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-9-14.

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In modern conditions of agricultural intensification, the use of a scientifically based fertilizer system becomes extremely necessary. It is she who will allow you to get economically viable crop yields. Studies to obtain the planned yield with the introduction of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers were carried out in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals. The soil is old leached chernozem. Experiment scheme: control (without fertilization); application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield: by 3.0 t/ha of grain N40 P75; 4.0 t/ha - N95P110; 5.0 t/ha - N150P200 and 6.0 t/ha - N185P160 kg of active ingredient. On average, over the years of research, the planned yield of spring wheat was achieved. The cost of growing spring wheat without mineral fertilizers amounted to 16850 rubles/ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers for the planned harvests increases costs up to 34200 rubles/ha. Such high costs are explained by the use of phosphate fertilizers, whose price is twice as high as ammonium nitrate. In the structure of costs for obtaining a yield of 3.0 t/ha of grain, the share of mineral fertilizers accounts for 17 %. A further increase in the level of mineral nutrition through fertilizers increases the share of fertilizer costs up to 45 %. The profit from the sale of grain on the option with NPK of 6.0 t/ha of grain reached 27400 with a profitability of 80 %. On the control, the corresponding indicators were 5150 rubles/ha and 31 %. The optimal and economically justified is the level of mineral nutrition, providing 4.0 t/ha of spring wheat grain. A further increase in the agricultural background is associated with a risk due to the peculiarities of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals

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Guliyeva, R. "Effect of Fertilizers on the Straw Product Increase of Winter Wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh Region". Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, n.º 10 (15 de octubre de 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/17.

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An application of inorganic and organic fertilizers under winter wheat plant affected the increase of the straw product along with the grain to a considerable extent. So, as a result of an application of fertilizers under the winter wheat plant, the highest straw crow was obtained 86.7 centner per hectare under the variant of NPK as in grain product, the increase was 36.9 centner per hectare or 74.1%; than the control version; manure was 82.9 centner per hectare; 33.0 centner per hectare or 66.3% under the version of 30 ton per hectare. We can come to such a conclusion that there is a need for an application of mineral fertilizer to the winter wheat within the norm. Bat it is enough to apply 30 ton per hectare. If so the straw productivity of the wheat plant was higher. Fertilizers restores the soil fertility along with increase of productivity of the winter wheat plant and improves the quality indicators of the crop establishing ecological pure product.

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Popescu, Diana Maria, Oana Daniela Badea, Mariana Cristina Nicolae y Nicolae Ionescu. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON THE USE OF VINASA CLARIANT ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN WHEAT CROP". Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, n.º 22 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.036.

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In the current conditions in the technology of wheat crop, more and more either fertilizers with the lowest possible concentrations of active ingredients or organic fertilizers are being promoted. These new requirements are also in line with current European fertilization rules. This paper presents new results by comparing an organic fertilizer with conventional fertilizer systems. The organic fertilizer researched proved to be very effective in the production of total biomass, spicke/ear biomass, grain biomass and MTG. In absolute terms, wheat produced over 11 tons of total biomass, over 6 tons of spike biomass (59%) and over 3 tons of grain (29%) all these results proved to be very close to the combination of urea and organic fertilizer and respectively superior to urea applied alone. The results obtained are recommended for the promotion of Vinasa Clariant in farm conditions.

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Stupin, A. S., O. V. Lukyanova y D. V. Vinogradov. "Formation of grain quality of spring soft wheat varieties depending on agrotechnical methods". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 954, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/954/1/012080.

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Abstract The article deals with the issues of improving the grain quality of spring soft wheat using various varieties, fore crops and nitrogen fertilizers. It was found in experiments with spring soft wheat, carried out on gray forest heavy loamy soil, that the quality indicators of grain, dough and bakery assessments were most strongly influenced by varietal characteristics, weather conditions and placement according to optimal fore crops. Voronezhskaya 10 turned out to be a more productive variety, which formed grain that met the requirements of the standard for strong wheat, both in different years and according to different fore crops. The most valuable fore crops for obtaining high quality grain turned out to be complete fallow and clover. The best forecrop for Priokskaya was clover, the worst one was complete fallow. L-503 had low values of flour strength for clover and higher ones for winter crops, especially for the unfertilized variant. The effect of fertilizers on flour strength was mixed. In a case of Voronezhskaya 10, the flour strength decreased for pure fertilized fallow and fertilized winter crops. In a case of Priokskaya, a small positive effect was observed for all fertilized variants. When fertilized, L-503 reduced the flour strength for winter crops and rapeseed. The effect of fertilizers was mixed and small. In a case of Voronezhskaya 10, the overall bakery score from fertilizers decreased when placed on complete fallow, and increased for clover, rapeseed, and especially peas. In a case of Priokskaya, the positive effect of fertilizers was when placed after clover. It was revealed that the introduction of N60 for pre-sowing cultivation did not affect the technological qualities of the grain, because most of the nitrogen was used by plants for the formation of vegetative mass.

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Ermilov, Artem Vladimirovich, Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev, Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov y Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk. "Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 2 (18 de febrero de 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp20-24.

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The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.

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Esmailpour, A., M. Hassanzadehdelouei y A. Madani. "Impact of Livestock Manure, Nitrogen and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield and Yield Components Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)". Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2013): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0079-5.

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Abstract Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biologic fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of livestock manure, chemical nitrogen, and biologic (Azotobacter) fertilizers on yield and yield components of wheat, an agricultural experiment in the form of split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Elam region, Iran. The aim of this research was assessment of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms; and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with livestock manure, Azotobacter and chemical nitrogen increased plant height, biological and grain yield. Using livestock manure and Azotobacter increased biologic yield through increase in plant height which cause to increase in grain yield without any significant changes in harvest index and other yield components, but the use of chemical nitrogen caused an increase in plant height, No. of spikelete/spike, No. of grain/spike, one thousand grain weight and harvest index, biologic and grain yield. In the light of the results achieved, we may conclude that using livestock manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer together with the Azotobacter had the maximum impact on yield; and that we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using livestock manure and biologic fertilizers and to reach to the same yield when we use only chemical fertilizers.

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Jastrzębska, Magdalena, Urszula Wachowska y Marta K. Kostrzewska. "Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Fungal Communities in Wheat Grain as Influenced by Recycled Phosphorus Fertilizers: A Case Study". Agriculture 10, n.º 6 (19 de junio de 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10060239.

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Waste-based fertilizers provide an alternative to fertilizers made from non-renewable phosphate rock. Fungal communities colonizing the grain of spring wheat fertilized with preparation from sewage sludge ash and dried animal blood (Rec) and the same fertilizer activated by Bacillus megaterium (Bio) were evaluated against those resulting from superphosphate (SP) and no phosphorus (control, C0) treatments. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing system helped to group fungal communities into three clades. Clade 1 (communities from C0, Bio 60 and 80, Rec 80 and SP 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 treatments) was characterized by a high prevalence of Alternaria infectoria, Monographella nivalis and Gibberella tricincta pathogens. Clade 2 (Bio 40 kg, Rec 40 and 60 kg, and SP 60 kg P2O5 ha−1) was characterized by the lowest amount of the identified pathogens. Commercial SP applied at 80 kg P2O5 ha−1 (clade 3) induced the most pronounced changes in the fungal taxa colonizing wheat grain relative to non-fertilized plants. The above was attributed mainly to the lower amount of A. infectoria and higher counts of species of the family Nectriaceae, mostly epiphytic pathogens Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium poae.

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Solmaz, Yusuf, Aydın Adiloğlu y Metin Turan. "Mineral ve Organik Gübrelerin Mikrobiyal Kapsülasyonunun Buğdayda Bazı Besin Elementlerinin Alımı Üzerine Etkisi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 2132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i11.2132-2139.5258.

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Wheat, which is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, has great importance in terms of economy. Wheat is one of the basic food sources of human beings, is one of the first cultivated plants. In order to meet the nutritional needs in parallel with the increasing human population, agricultural production needs to be increased. Fertilization is the most important factor in increasing the yield. Innovations in fertilizer technology and improvement of use efficiency are of great importance. In this study, different doses of mineral (0, 15, 20, 40 kg/da DAP and 0, 20, 30, 40 kg/da AS) and organomineral fertilizers (0, 15, 20, 40 kg/da 20: 20: 0 and 0, 20, 30, 40 kg/da 25: 0: 0) were applied with or without microbial encapsulation to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants (Rumeli cv.) in pots. Some of macro and micro plant nutrients were analysed in three different harvest periods from seed sowing to compare the fertility of the applied fertilizers. According to the results of the research, all applications showed significant differences in terms of all examined parameters. Organomineral fertilizers were found to be more effective than mineral fertilizers. It has been observed that microbial encapsulation is effective at varying levels according to changing fertilizer type and dosage.

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Ermilov, Artem, Roman Kamenev, Vladimir Turchin y Vera Kamenevа. "The effect of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat on the southern black soil in the condi-tions of the Lower Don". АгроЭкоИнфо 6, n.º 48 (13 de diciembre de 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20216620.

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Field experiments were conducted in 2017-2020 on the southern black soil in the conditions of the Lower Don. The Doneko winter wheat variety was sown. The predecessor of wheat is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), nitroammophosk (16-16-16) and carbamide (46%), which acted as a background option in the scheme of the ex-periment. Organomineral fertilizers were preceded by the following agrochemicals: Ruther, Leyli 2000, Alga 1000/Turbo, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Garden (Master Green Mix) and Double Vine (Monocaliphosphate). In the experiment, options for the joint use of non-root application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. It was found that the use of organomineral fertilizers Ruther (0.5 or 0.25 l/ton) and Leyli (0.25 l/ton) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l/ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l/ha) in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of a starter treatment mineral fertilizer in the form of azofoska at a dose of N32P32K32, fertilizing on frozen-thawed soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and non-root topdressing with carbamide in the phase, earing at a dose of N20 increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared to the control variant (farm fertilizer system) by 0.73 t/ha or by 23.0%. The greatest increase in yield from the Router root-forming agent used for seed treatment was 0.36 t/ha or 11.3%. Keywords: WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS, YIELD

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Han, Xuemei, Cheng Hu, Yunfeng Chen, Yan Qiao, Donghai Liu, Jun Fan, Shuanglai Li y Zhi Zhang. "Soil nitrogen sequestration in a long-term fertilizer experiment in central China". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2020): e1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020181-15691.

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Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of a long-term manuring and fertilization experiment on the soil total N concentration and its storage and sequestration rates in the rice-wheat cropping system.Area of study: A rice-wheat rotation area in central China.Material and methods: A 35-yr long-term fertilizer experiment was conducted with 9 treatments: unfertilized (Control), N, P, and K fertilizers, manure (M) and M combined with N, P, and K fertilizers treatments. Soil total N input amount, total N concentration, total N storage amount and N sequestration rate in soil were calculated.Main results: The soil total N input amount, N concentration, N storage amount and N sequestration rate were significantly influenced by M and chemical fertilizers. In total, 0.017-0.021 g N/kg soil accumulated in the organic M plots, whereas only 0.005-0.007 g in chemical fertilizer alone plots. The highest soil total N storage amount was 6.09 t/hain the M alone plot, and the lowest value was 4.46 tN/ha in the N fertilizer alone plot. The highest N sequestration rate in soil was 0.061 t N/ha/yr in the high amount M plus NPK fertilizers plot, and the lowest value was 0.002 tN/ha/yr in the N fertilizer alone plot. A significant nonlinear regression relationship existed between the total N sequestration rate in soil and annual total N input amount. Moreover, the average soil total N concentration was significantly positively correlated with the average grain yield of crop and soil organic C concentration. The soil total N sequestration rate in M alone or M combined with inorganic fertilizer treatments were increased compared with inorganic fertilizer alone treatments.Research highlights: Considering crop yields and total N sequestration rate in soil, the use of manure combined with inorganic fertilizer should be recommended in the rice-wheat cropping system.

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48

ZENTNER, R. P. y C. A. CAMPBELL. "FIRST 18 YEARS OF A LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION STUDY IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN – YIELDS, GRAIN PROTEIN, AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1988): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-001.

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The effects of rotation length, crop sequence, and N and P fertilizers on yield, grain quality, and economic performance of 10 crop rotations in an ongoing experiment conducted on a Brown Chernozemic silty loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan are discussed after the first 18 yr. When N and P fertilizers were applied based on soil tests, yields of wheat grown on fallow were similar for the 2-yr and 3-yr wheat rotations (1905 kg ha−1). Yields of wheat grown on N- and P-fertilized stubble were also similar whether grown in 3-yr or continuous rotations (1379 kg ha−1). Stubble wheat yields were unaffected by the preceding crop, except when following flax in a continuous-type rotation where it was suppressed due to moisture competition from weeds. Fertilizer N had no affect on yields of wheat grown on fallow because little N was required or applied; but yields of wheat grown on stubble were increased 7% when grown in a 3-yr rotation and 17% when grown continuously. Application of P fertilizer increased fallow and stubble wheat yields by 11–12%. In contrast to seeded area yields, total wheat production was lowest for the fallow-wheat rotation (949 kg ha−1 yr−1), intermediate for fallow-wheat-wheat (1105 kg ha−1 yr−1), and highest for wheat grown continuously (1354 kg ha−1 yr−1). Protein concentrations in wheat grown on fallow were similar in the 2-yr and 3-yr wheat rotations and were generally higher than that found in wheat grown on stubble, except when wheat was grown on flax stubble. Fallow-wheat was the most profitable rotation when wheat prices were below $130.00 t−1. At wheat prices between $130.00 and $160.00 t−1, the fallow-wheat and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations provided the highest and about equal net return; between wheat prices of $160.00 and $275.00 t−1, fallow-wheat-wheat provided the highest net return while continuous wheat provided the highest net return for wheat prices above $275.00 t−1. The cost of producing wheat was lowest for fallow-wheat ($88.00 t−1), intermediate for fallow-wheat-wheat ($94.00 t−1), and highest for continuous wheat ($138.00 t−1). Income variability and risk of financial loss decreased as the proportion of fallow in the rotation increased.Key words: Crop rotations, protein, fertilizer effects, net returns, costs, income variability

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49

Hoffmann, Krystyna, Barbara Lewandowska, Magdalena Borowiec y Józef Hoffmann. "Utilization of poultry droppings in mineral-organic fertilizers". Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2007): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0044-5.

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Utilization of poultry droppings in mineral-organic fertilizers The results of physicochemical analyses of raw and composted turkey droppings and those of germination tests carried out using the droppings are presented. On the basis of the results formulas for microelement mineral-organic fertilizers have been developed and fertilizer rates have been determined for winter wheat.

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50

Shapovalova, N. N., A. A. Voropaeva, N. A. Galushko, E. A. Menkina y D. A. Akhmedshina. "YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON THE BACKGROUND OF FERTILIZERS AND DIRECT SOWING ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM UNDER STAVROPOL CONDITIONS". TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 4 (24) (noviembre de 2020): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-183-194.

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The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).

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