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Tesis sobre el tema "Wavelength dependency"

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Publicado: 22 de junio de 2024

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1

Michel, Rodriguez Mónica. "Wavelength dependency of phytoplankton photosynthesis : photoregulation and photoacclimation processes in coastal seas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR007.

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La photorégulation et la photoacclimatation du phytoplancton sont contrôlées par les variations du climat lumineux (c'est-à-dire la quantité et la qualité de la lumière) à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales. Dans les zones côtières telles que la Manche, le climat lumineux est affecté par l'hydrodynamisme et les apports fluviaux. D'une part, le fort hydrodynamisme conduit à des processus de resuspension et à un intense mélange vertical, transportant les cellules à travers la couche euphotique et au-delà, dans la couche disphotique. D'autre part, les débits importants des rivières génèrent une augmentation de la turbidité avec les matières en suspension et avec la matière organique dissoute dans le carbone (CDOM). Tous ces processus induisent une diminution de la pénétration de la lumière dans la colonne d'eau et une modification générale du climat lumineux. Par exemple, le CDOM absorbe mieux les longueurs d'onde du bleu.Les processus de dépendance spectrale du phytoplancton tels que la photoregulation et la photoacclimation ont été étudiés pour la première fois sur des communautés naturelles grâce à un fluorimètre multispectral de nouvelle génération appelé MULTI-COLOR-PAM (Walz). Les relations photosynthèses-énergie (PE) ont été mesurées après une longue période d’acclimatation au noir à 5 longueurs d’onde, ainsi que le coefficient d’absorption fonctionnel de la lumière des photosystèmes II (Sigma(II)λ). Le développement d'un protocole original d'analyse de données combinant les techniques de Modèles linéaires à effets mixtes (LME), l'analyse triadique principale (PTA) et les analyses de redondance (RDA) a permis d'analyser un ensemble de données unique et complexe ainsi que de mettre en évidence la dépendance aux longueurs d'onde des processus photosynthétiques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles
Phytoplankton photoregulation and photoacclimation are controlled by variations in the light climate (i.e. quantity and quality of light) at different temporal and spatial scales. In coastal and megatidal seas such as the English Channel, the underwater light climate is also affected by the hydrodynamics and river outputs. In one hand, the strong hydrodynamism leads to resuspension processes and to intense vertical mixing, transporting cells through the euphotic layer and beyond, in the disphotic layer. In another hand, large river outputs generate an increase of turbidity with particulate matter and with carbon dissolved organic matter (CDOM). All these processes induce a decrease of light penetration in the water column and a general modification of the light climate. For instance, the CDOM absorbs better blue wavelengths.The wavelength dependent processes of phytoplankton such as photoregulation and photoacclimation have been studied for the first time on natural communities thanks to a new generation of multi-spectral fluorometer called MULTI-COLOR-PAM PAM (Walz). Photosynthesis light curves (P-E) were measured after long dark acclimation at 5 wavelengths, as well as the functional light absorption coefficient of photosystem II (Sigma(II)λ). Furthermore, the development of an original protocol of data analysis including Linear Mixed Effects Models (LME), Principal Triadic Analyses (PTA) and Redundancy Analyses (RDA) have helped the interpretation of this unique dataset and have highlighted the wavelength dependency of photosynthetic processes at different spatial and temporal scales
2

Menzel, Jan Philipp. "Wavelength-dependent photoreactivity for macromolecular material design". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210196/1/Jan%20Philipp_Menzel_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a study of light-induced chemical reactions and the dependence of their reactivity and selectivity on the wavelength of light. Both experimental methods using tunable laser systems and light emitting diodes as well as computational simulation methods are developed that establish an understanding of light-induced bond-forming reactions. Information on wavelength-dependent reactivity is used to predict the rate of LED light induced reactions. The design of systems with chemical reaction pathways that are fully controllable by the wavelength of light paves the way to advanced 3D micro- and nano-printing of macromolecular materials through direct laser writing.
3

Szafruga, Urszula Bozena. "Wavelength Dependent Strong Field Interactions with Atoms and Molecules". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430993131.

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4

Zhu, Yihong. "Wavelength-dependent polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion measurements in fiber-optic devices". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48192.pdf.

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5

Dunmeyer, David Richard 1978. "Polarization-dependent wavelength-selective structures for multispectral polarimetric infrared imaging". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38680.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-181).
The need for compact, rugged, low-cost multispectral-polarimetric filtering technology exists in both the civilian and defense communities. Such technology can be used for object detection, object recognition, and image contrast enhancement. Mosaicked multispectral-polarimetric filter technology, using CMOS-type metallo-dielectric grating structures, is presented as a potential solution in which the spectral filtering and polarization filtering functions are performed in a single component. In this work, single-layer and double-layer metallic-grating structures, embedded in uniform dielectric are investigated. Spectral tunability using only transverse grating properties in a two-layer metallic-grating structure is demonstrated. Additionally, one-layer and two-layer slotted-grid rectangular-aperture two-dimensional metallic gratings for infrared imaging are also studied. To complement the simulations, thirty-nine separate infrared optical polarization and spectral filters were fabricated in silicon using the AMI 0.5pm / MOSIS foundry service, and they were characterized using polarized FTIR analysis. Polarized transmission spectra from these CMOS-based filters compare favorably with simulation results for four of the most promising filter types. An external-cavity-coupled single-layer metallic-grating structure, compatible with CMOS microbolometer detector technology is also offered as an application example.
by David R. Dunmeyer.
Ph.D.
6

Munir, Riffat. "Effect of Wavelength Dependent Point Spread Function on Shear Measurements". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1462532342.

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7

Damianou, Damianos. "The wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram and its implication to pulse oximetry". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11400/.

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Since the early 1980s the increase in use of pulse oximeters in many clinical situations has been quite remarkable, turning it into one of the most important methods of monitoring in use today. Pulse oximetry essentially uses photoplethysmography to calculate oxygen saturation. Consequently the wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is of direct relevance in the performance of pulse oximeters. The experimental results obtained on the wavelength dependence of the AC, DC and AC/DC PPG components for the 450 - 1000nm range are undoubtedly different to the ones predicted by the current simple pulse oximeter model based on the Lambert-Beer law. Moreover, they show unexpected phenomena regarding the magnitude of the above components over the whole range, with distinct differences between the reflection and transmission modes. This is of significance to the technique of pulse oximetry suggesting that perhaps other wavelengths should be considered for use, and that use of both "reflection" and "transmission" probes on the same oximeter may lead to inaccurate readings in one of the modes. A finger model was developed and results from Monte Carlo simulations of photon propagation obtained. The results did not correspond to the experimental results, this is most probably due to either wrong parameters or model. Recent advances in the use of reflection pulse oximeters on fetal monitoring during labour, have raised the question of possible artifacts which may arise due to inadequate probe application in the birth canal. The importance of complete opposition of the reflectance probe was examined on an adult finger. False low oxygen saturation readings were recorded with malpositioned probes. A new probe with modified geometry was designed which offered an improved performance in reducing this artifact and further suggestions were given for its possible elimination. Finally, a proposal for a novel, visible multi-wavelength reflection pulse oximeter is presented with the aim of replacing current pulse oximeters in certain situations where their use is questionable.
8

Raoufi, N. "Development of wavelength dependent pH optical sensor using Layer-by-Layer technique". Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3668/.

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Stable and reliable operation of an optical sensor for pH monitoring is important for many industrial applications. This dissertation reports a series of studies on the development of novel and highly sensitive fibre optic sensors which are based on wavelength, instead of intensity changes and the development of thin film optical fibre working combinations for effectively enhancing the durability and value of the sensor probe. Several novel optical fibre sensors were fabricated and evaluated in this work. In order to measure the pH of a solution using optical methods, the sensor probes were prepared using layer~by-layer deposition techniques, a simple and versatile method to deposit a sensitive thin film i.e. active pH indicators on such optical fibre-based devices. In further work, the selection of a charged and water-soluble. pH indicator which introduces the highest wavelength shift, while varying the pH of the media, was investigated since the wavelength shift was considered as the basis of the sensitivity index. Brilliant yellow (BY) was applied as an indicator because of its greater wavelength shift with pH change compared to the use of other indicators. Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (P AH) was also used as a crosslinker. To this end, the layers of BYIPAH were deposited on the bare silica core optical fibre using the layer-by-Iayer technique. The research was then developed to optimize the design factors that have an important effect on the sensitivity of the device. Utilizing V-shaped fibre with small radius which coated six bilayers of (BY IP AB) prepared from a polyion solution of low concentration was seen to provide a sensor with wider range of sensitivity which presents a highly sensitive device working over a smaller pH range offering higher resolution.
9

Clarke, Damien Geoffrey. "Long wavelength spectroscopy of charge dynamics and spin dependent processes in optoelectronic materials". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402899.

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10

SILVA, DANILO M. da. "Interferometria speckle com lasers de diodo multimodo para análise de materiais e dispositivo". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10004.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
11

Shaw, Lawton Earl. "Wavelength-dependent photochemistry in d§6 transition metal complexes having low-lying MLCT states". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0035/NQ38504.pdf.

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12

Harner, Mary. "Characterization of the mid-infrared wavelength dependent loss in hollow core photonic crystal fibers". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18928.

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Master of Science
Department of Physics
Brian Washburn
This research sought to characterize the length dependent loss of hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) in the mid-infrared. These fibers are used in gas-filled fiber lasers that operate in the mid-infrared range. A black body source which provided a broad mid-infrared spectrum was coupled into a HC-PCF and a fiber cut-back method was implemented to make the length dependent loss measurement. A monochromator was used to observe narrow bands of the broad spectrum provided by the black body source and the loss as a function of wavelength was constructed. The loss for four unique HC-PCF fibers was characterized across the wavelength range [lambda] =1754 nm to [lambda] =3220 nm. The best fibers demonstrated a loss of less than 2 dB/m across this range, with some fibers even exhibiting loss below 1 dB/m.
13

Franchino, Hannabeth A. "Possible Molecular Mechanism to Account for Wavelength Dependence of Equilibration Rates of Patman and Laurdan in Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3014.

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Patman is a fluorescent membrane probe related to Laurdan. The structural distinctions between the two probes are the lengths of the aliphatic tails (eleven carbons in Laurdan and fifteen in Patman) and the presence of a trimethylammonium group on Patman that produces a positively-charged head. Preliminary studies exploring Patman as a probe to detect membrane properties during apoptosis revealed that the fluorescence intensity of two edges of the emission spectrum (435 and 500 nm) stabilizes at different rates as the probe binds to the cell membrane. To test whether these differences represent dissimilarities in probe binding to ordered and disordered domains, experiments were conducted to monitor Patman equilibration with bilayers composed of various mixtures of saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines at temperatures above, at, and below the main thermotropic phase transition. In general, Patman equilibrated more rapidly with bilayers in the liquid-disordered phase than in the solid-ordered phase. With solid phase membranes, the fluorescence stabilized faster at 500 nm than at 435 nm. Similar, yet more subtle, results occurred in the lipid disordered phase. In contrast, the situation was reversed at the phase transition temperature; equilibration was faster at 435 nm than at 500 nm. To determine whether these results reflected specific properties of Patman, the experiments were repeated with Laurdan, and several distinctions were observed. First, equilibration with solid phase lipids was faster than for Patman and not different from equilibration with the fluid phase. Second, differences in rates between the two wavelengths were less than with Patman for solid phase membranes but greater than with Patman for melted bilayers. Third, at the phase transition temperature, the difference in equilibration rates was the opposite of the result obtained with Patman. Computer simulations were used to assist with interpretation of these results. The data suggest that both probes bind superficially to the membrane before incorporating among the lipid molecules. Once within the membrane, Patman localizes to at least two distinct depths within the bilayer. Probe molecules in the shallow, more hydrated position favor 500 nm emission and those occupying a deeper, dehydrated position emit primarily at 435 nm. Laurdan's equilibration additionally represents movement of the probe between leaflets and multiple bilayers.
14

Schladitz, Alexander. "Parametrization of relative humidity- and wavelength-dependent optical properties of mixed Saharan dust and marine aerosol". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-70494.

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Aerosol particles interact with sunlight through scattering and absorption and have therefore a direct radiative effect. Hygroscopic aerosol particles take up water and are able to grow in size below 100% relative humidity, which involves the change of optical properties and the direct radiative effect. The change of aerosol optical properties for aerosol mixtures under humidification is presently not well understood, especially for the largest particle sources worldwide. The present PhD-thesis quantifies wavelength- and humidity-dependent aerosol optical properties for a mixture of Saharan mineral dust and marine aerosol. For quantification, an aerosol model was developed, which based on in-situ measurements of microphysical and optical properties at Cape Verde. With this model, aerosol optical properties were calculated from the dry state up to 90% relative humidity. To validate the model, a measure of the total extenuated light from particles under ambient conditions was used. Finally, the humidity dependence of aerosol optical properties for marine aerosol, Saharan dust aerosol, and a mixture of both species was described by two empirical equations. With the wavelength of the incident visible solar radiation, relative humidity, and dry dust volume fraction, the humidity dependence of optical properties can be calculated from tabulated values. To calculate radiative effects, aerosol optical properties were used as input parameters for global circulation models including radiative transfer. Due to the complexity of aerosol related processes, they have been treated implicitly, meaning in parameterized form. For modelling purposes, the present PhD-thesis provides a solution to include humidity effects of aerosol optical properties
Aerosolpartikel wechselwirken durch Streu- und Absorptionsprozesse mit der einfallenden Sonnenstrahlung und haben somit einen direkten Strahlungseffekt. Bei relativen Feuchten bis 100% können Aerosolpartikel aufquellen und somit ihre Größe ändern. Im Zuge des Aufquellens, ändern sich die optischen Eigenschaften und somit auch der direkte Strahlungseffekt der Aerosolpartikel. Speziell für Mischungen von verschiedenen Aerosolspezies ist die Änderung der optischen Eigenschaften des Aerosols durch Feuchte Einfuss noch nicht ausreichend verstanden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist daher die Quantifizierung der wellenlängen- und feuchteabhängigen optischen Eigenschaften einer Mischung von Saharastaub- und marinen Aerosol. Die zur Quantifizierung notwendigen Daten wurden im Rahmen einer Feldmessung von mikrophysikalischen- und optischen Aerosol-Eigenschaften auf den Kapverdischen Inseln gesammelt. Auf Grundlage dieser Messungen wurde ein Aerosol-Modell entwickelt. Dieses Modell wurde daraufhin verwendet, um Berechnungen von optischen Aerosol-Eigenschaften bei relativen Feuchten bis 90% durchzuführen. Eine Messung der Lichtschwächung durch Aerosolpartikel unter Umgebungsbedingungen wurde verwandt, um das Modell bei Umgebungsfeuchten zu validieren. Die Wellenlängen- und Feuchteabhängigkeit der optischen Eigenschaften des Aerosols wurde parametrisiert und konnte anhand von zwei Parametergleichungen bestimmt werden. Unter Benutzung von tabellierten Werten und der Wellenlänge des einfallenden sichtbaren Sonnenlichtes, der relativen Feuchte, sowie der Staubvolumenfraktion, kann die Feuchteabhängigkeit von wichtigen Aerosol-optischen Eigenschaften für Saharastaub, marinen Aerosol und einer Mischung aus beiden Komponenten bestimmt werden. Globale Zirkulationsmodelle, die auch eine Berechnung von Strahlungseffekten durch Aerosolpartikel beinhalten, nutzen Aerosol-optische Eigenschaften als Eingabeparameter. Durch zunehmende Komplexitiät zur Beschreibung von Wechselwirkungen in der Atmosphäre, sind einfache Parametrisierungen unabdingbar. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert daher einen wichtigen Beitrag für die Modellierung von Strahlungseffekten durch Aerosolpartikel und somit zum Verständnis des Strahlungshaushaltes der Erde
15

Takahashi, Kenshi, Nori Taniguchi, Yutaka Matsumi, Masahiro Kawasaki y Michael N. R. Ashfold. "Wavelength and temperature dependence of the absolute O(^1D) production yield from the 305–329 nm photodissociation of ozone". American Institute of Physics, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7056.

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16

Osisioma, Onyinye. "Understanding the Factors That Control Increased Photo-reactivity and Selectivity Of Vinylic And Aromatic Azides". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848489564813.

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17

Kamm, Philipp Willi. "Understanding of lambda-orthogonal photo-induced reaction systems". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/234293/1/Philipp%20Willi_Kamm_Thesis.pdf.

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Using light as an energy source allows chemical reactions to be carried out with high precision in time and space. In time, because light can be switched on and off, in space, because light can be highly focussed. Further, different colours of light can be used to activate different reactants individually, even when they are present in the same reaction mixture. Herein, a system of two light-sensitive molecules was developed, which react completely sequence-independently with UV or visible light. The wavelength-dependence as well as the influence of chemical-physical parameters on such reactions were investigated in-depth.
18

Hsu, Long. "Wavelength dependence of the spectral linewidth of a grating-tuned CW single-frequency external-cavity strained quantum well InGaAs/AlGaAs Grinsch diode laser". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28059.

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19

Solopow, Sergej Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Föhlisch, Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Rader, Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Kachel, Alexander [Gutachter] Föhlisch, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Kuch y Peter [Gutachter] Oppeneer. "Wavelength dependent demagnetization dynamics in Co2MnGa Heusler-alloy / Sergej Solopow ; Gutachter: Alexander Föhlisch, Wolfgang Kuch, Peter Oppeneer ; Alexander Föhlisch, Oliver Rader, Torsten Kachel". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218404639/34.

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20

Solopow, Sergej [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Föhlisch, Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Rader, Torsten Akademischer Betreuer] Kachel, Alexander [Gutachter] [Föhlisch, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Kuch y Peter [Gutachter] Oppeneer. "Wavelength dependent demagnetization dynamics in Co2MnGa Heusler-alloy / Sergej Solopow ; Gutachter: Alexander Föhlisch, Wolfgang Kuch, Peter Oppeneer ; Alexander Föhlisch, Oliver Rader, Torsten Kachel". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427860.

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21

Solopow, Sergej [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Föhlisch, Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Rader, Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Kachel, Alexander [Gutachter] Föhlisch, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Kuch y Peter [Gutachter] Oppeneer. "Wavelength dependent demagnetization dynamics in Co2MnGa Heusler-alloy / Sergej Solopow ; Gutachter: Alexander Föhlisch, Wolfgang Kuch, Peter Oppeneer ; Alexander Föhlisch, Oliver Rader, Torsten Kachel". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218404639/34.

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22

Schladitz, Alexander [Verfasser], Alfred [Gutachter] Wiedensohler y David S. [Gutachter] Covert. "Parametrization of relative humidity- and wavelength-dependent optical properties of mixed Saharan dust and marine aerosol / Alexander Schladitz ; Gutachter: Alfred Wiedensohler, David S. Covert". Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1237894506/34.

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23

Kräbs, Gudrun. "Wavelength dependent induction and biosynthesis of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in marine macroalgae = Wellenlängen-abhängige Induktion und Biosynthese von UV-absorbierenden Mykosporine-ähnlichen Aminosäuren in marinen Makroalgen /". Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/389858625.pdf.

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24

Jiang, Jingyi. "Retrieving leaf and canopy characteristics from their radiative properties using physically based models : from laboratory to satellite observations Estimation of leaf traits from reflectance measurements: comparison between methods based on vegetation indices and several versions of the PROSPECT model a model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces Speeding up 3D radiative transfer simulations: a physically based approximation of canopy reflectance dependency on wavelength, leaf biochemical composition and soil reflectance Effective GAI for crops is best estimated from reflectance observations as compared to GAI and LAI Optimal learning for GAI and chlorophyll estimation from 1D and 3D radiative transfer model inversion: the case of wheat and maize crops observed by Sentinel2". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0708.

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La mesure des caractéristiques des feuilles et du couvert végétal par télédétection est un moyen efficace et non destructif d’effectuer un suivi des cultures, que ce soit pour la prise de décision dans la gestion d’itinéraires techniques an agriculture de précision ou pour le phénotypage au champ pour améliorer l'efficacité de la sélection variétale. Grâce à l’augmentation de la puissance de calcul des machines et à la disponibilité croissante d'images à haute résolution spatiale, les méthodes d’estimation peuvent maintenant bénéficier de simulations plus précises des modèles de transfert radiatif (RT) dans la végétation. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer et d'évaluer des moyens efficaces pour estimer les caractéristiques des feuilles et du couvert végétal à partir d'observations rapprochées ou de télédétection en utilisant des modèles RT basés sur une description réaliste de la structure des feuilles et du couvert. Au niveau des feuilles, nous avons d'abord évalué la capacité des différentes versions du modèle PROSPECT à estimer des variables biochimiques comme la chlorophylle (Cab), la teneur en eau et en matière sèche. Nous avons ensuite proposé le modèle FASPECT pour décrire les différences de propriétés optiques entre les faces supérieure et inférieure des feuilles en considérant un système à quatre couches. Après avoir étalonné les coefficients d'absorption spécifiques des principaux constituants de la feuille, nous avons validé FASPECT sur 8 jeux de données. Nous avons montré que les spectres de réflectance et de transmittance des deux faces sont simulés avec une très bonne précision, et même meilleure que PROSPECT pour la face supérieure. De même, en mode inverse, les performances d'estimation de la teneur en matière sèche sont considérablement améliorées avec FASPECT par rapport à PROSPECT, et restent du même ordre de grandeur pour la chlorophylle et l’eau. Au niveau du couvert végétal, nous avons utilisé le simulateur de rendu physique réaliste LuxCoreRender pour calculer le transfert radiatif à partir d'une description 3D de l’architecture de la culture. Nous avons d’abord vérifié ses bonnes performances par comparaison aux modèles 3D les plus récents en utilisant ROMC (RAMI On Line Model Checker). Afin d’accélérer les simulations, nous avons développé une méthode qui repose sur l’utilisation d’un nombre limité de propriétés optiques du sol et des feuilles. Pour estimer les variables d'état du couvert végétal (indice de surface verte, GAI, contenu en chlorophylle du couvert (CCC) ou des feuilles (Cab), nous avons ensuite entrainé des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique à partir de bases de données « culture spécifique » simulées avec LuxCoreRender pour le blé et le maïs et d’une base de données générique simulée avec le modèle 1D PROSAIL de transfert radiatif. Les résultats sur des simulations et sur des données in situ combinés aux images SENTINEL2 ont montré que les algorithmes spécifiques aux cultures surpassent les algorithmes génériques pour les trois variables, en particulier lorsque la structure du couvert s’éloigne de l'hypothèse 1D du milieu turbide, comme dans le cas du maïs où la structure en rang domine pendant toute une partie de la saison de croissance
Measuring leaf and canopy characteristics from remote sensing acquisitions is an effective and non destructive way to monitor crops both for decision making within the smart agriculture practices or for phenotyping under field conditions to improve the selection efficiency. With the advancement of computer computing power and the increasing availability of high spatial resolution images, retrieval methods can now benefit from more accurate simulations of the Radiative Transfer (RT) models within the vegetation. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate efficient ways to retrieve leaf and canopy characteristics from close and remote sensing observations by using RT models based on a realistic description of the leaf and canopy structures. At the leaf level, we first evaluated the ability of the different versions of the PROSPECT model to estimate biochemical variables like chlorophyll (Cab), water and dry matter content. We then proposed the FASPECT model to describe the optical properties differences between the upper and lower leaf faces by considering a four-layer system. After calibrating the specific absorption coefficients of the main absorbing material, we validated FASPECT against eight measured ground datasets. We showed that FASPECT simulates accurately the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the two faces and overperforms PROSPECT for the upper face measurements. Moreover, in the inverse mode, the dry matter content estimation is significantly improved with FASPECT as compared to PROSPECT. At the canopy level, we used the physically based and unbiased rendering engine, LuxCoreRender to compute the radiative transfer from a realistic 3D description of the crop structure. We checked its good performances by comparison with the state of the art 3D RT models using the RAMI online model checker. Then, we designed a speed-up method to simulate canopy reflectance from a limited number of soil and leaf optical properties. Based on crop specific databases simulated from LuxCoreRender for wheat and maize and crop generic databases simulated from a 1D RT model, we trained some machine learning inversion algorithms to retrieve canopy state variables like Green Area Index GAI, Cab and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC). Results on both simulations and in situ data combined with SENTINEL2 images showed that crop specific algorithms outperform the generic one for the three variables, especially when the canopy structure breaks the 1D turbid medium assumption such as in maize where rows are dominant during a significant part of the growing season
25

Ferreira, João Carlos de Melo. "Fiber amplifiers in transparent and dynamic optical networks". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14090.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrotécnica
In this thesis a study of optical fiber amplifiers in the context of transparent and dynamic optical networks is performed. We propose and validate a simplified model to estimate the gain profile and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of broadband counterpumped Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs). The proposed model requires very low computational resources and it is suitable to be used in network planning tools. Based on the proposed model, we also present an algorithm to design flat gain counter-pumped RFAs for the extended C-band with low computational requirements. We experimentally verify that the pump-reflecting RFA presents a higher transient response due to channels add/drop, when compared to the conventional counter-pumped RFA. This makes this amplifier configuration unsuitable for transparent and dynamic optical networks. To mitigate the transient response due to channel add/drop, a pumpcontrolled gain-locked system based on the monitorization of the reflected pump power is proposed and validated numerically and experimentally. Following this approach, an efficient low-cost RFA suitable for dynamic optical networks is proposed. The dependence of the dynamical response of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) on the pump wavelength, pump power, and temperature due to spectral hole burning (SHB) and site dependent pumping (SDP) is experimentally investigated. A dependence of the dynamic response on the pump wavelength, for amplifiers pumped around 1480 nm, is shown. In order to explain this dependence, the impact of SDP on the performance of EDFAs pumped at wavelengths around 1480 nm is investigated, both experimentally and numerically. As a result, an improved model incorporating the SDP effect for twolevel EDFAs is derived and experimentally validated.
Nesta tese é feito um estudo sobre amplificadores de fibra ótica no contexto de redes óticas transparentes e dinâmicas. Propomos e validamos um modelo simplificado para estimar o perfil do ganho e do ruído de emissão espontânea amplificada (ASE), para amplificadores de Raman (RFAs) contra propagantes. O modelo proposto requer baixos recursos computacionais e é adequado para ser usado em ferramentas de planeamento da rede. Com base no modelo proposto, apresentamos também um algoritmo com requisitos computacionais baixos para desenhar RFAs contra propagantes com ganho constante para a banda C estendida. Verificamos experimentalmente que um RFA contra propagante com reflexo da potência da bomba devido à adição/remoção de canais apresenta uma resposta transiente mais elevada, quando comparado com um RFA contra propagante convencional. Isto torna esta configuração inadequada para redes óticas transparentes e dinâmicas. Para mitigar a resposta transitória devido à adição/remoção de canais, um sistema de controlo do ganho baseado na monitorização da potência da bomba refletida é proposto e validado numérica e experimentalmente. Seguindo esta abordagem, um RFA contra propagante eficiente e de baixo custo adequado para redes óticas dinâmicas é proposto. A dependência da resposta dinâmica dos amplificadores de fibra dopada com érbio (EDFAs) em função do comprimento de onda da bomba, da potência da bomba e da temperatura devido ao spectral hole burning (SHB) e site dependent pumping (SDP) é investigada experimentalmente. Nos resultados obtidos é mostrada a dependência da resposta dinâmica em função do comprimento de onda da bomba, para amplificadores bombeados em torno de 1480 nm. Para explicar esta dependência, o impacto do SDP no desempenho de EDFAs bombeados em comprimentos de onda em torno de 1480 nm é investigado, tanto experimental como numericamente. Como resultado, um modelo mais completo, incorporando o efeito SDP para EDFAs de dois níveis é derivado e validado experimentalmente.
26

Chen-TingTsai y 蔡振庭. "Wavelength-dependent Raman Enhancement on Nanostructure Plate". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a364fv.

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27

Chen, Chun-Chao y 陳俊兆. "Wavelength-dependent photocycle efficiency of bacteriorhodopsin at different pH". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82747620432802528678.

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28

Lin, Jin-Lun y 林經綸. "Study of wavelength-dependence in surface-plasmon-resonance phase detection technique". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93462732210337275149.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
光電科學研究所
94
Abstract The goal of this thesis is to study the wavelength dependence of surface-plasmon-resonance phase detection technique. We took biomedical detection and small angle measurement as examples to discuss this phenomenon. First, we performed our experiments with many different incident wavelengths and different sugar concentrations in water. In our experiments, we setup an interferometer with an electro-optic modulator and a micro-fluid system to measure the phase variation of light reflected from SPR. In our simulation, we used the temperature-dependent dielectric function of metal that we have recently established with the temperature at 300OK and simulated the variation of SPR curves in different refractive indice of sugar water. Second, we perform high resolution angular measurement using surface plasmon resonance interferometry at different incident wavelengths. In our experiments, phase curves of SPR at four different wavelengths ware obtained. After calculation, angular resolutions at different wavelengths are thus resolved. Finally, we tried to compare experimental results with theoretical calculation and found that there are better sensitivity and best angular resolution near the critical wavelength.
29

Tu, Kueng Chieh y 涂焜桀. "Temperature and Wavelength dependence of Threshold Current In AlGaInP Semiconductor Laser". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87991323622994686132.

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碩士
中原大學
應用物理學系
84
Recently for applications in compact disk, laser printer, optical scanner and communication fiber system, the photo- electric semiconductor devices are intensively investigation recently. As it has been know, the threshold current follows the expression:I/sub th/(T)=I/sub 0/*exp(T/T/sub 0/). The threshold current is influence but only by temperature but also wavelength. Most investigated only the temperature or wavelength factor on the threshold current. In 1970's a many investigators were dedicated to this reseach field. Especially, Levi and O'Gorman had been studied on both the temperature and wavelength dependence of threshold current in semiconductor lasers according to the empirical formular: I/sub th/(lambda, T)=I'/sub 0/ lambda')*exp(T'/T/sub 0/). In this study we investigate the dependence of threshold current on temperature and wavelength. Besidesthe least square fitting method is used to find an analytic experssion for empirical formular.
30

Tu, Kun-Jie y 涂焜桀. "Temperature and Wavelength dependence of Threshold Current in AlGaInP Semiconductor Laser". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15314511832740152495.

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31

Alkhazragi, Omar. "Wavelength Dependence of Underwater Turbulence Characterized Using Laser-Based White Light". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/631898.

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The means of communication in oceanic environments is currently dominated by sonar. Although it is reliable for long-distance transmission, the vision of internet of underwater things (IoUT) requires an alternate means for high-data-rate transmission. It is also envisaged that a networked underwater and above-water objects, such as sensor nodes, and autonomous underwater vehicles will benefit seafloor exploration. The use of laser-based optical communication is poised to realize this dream while working hand-in-hand with acoustic and radio-frequency technologies from the littoral zone to deep blue sea. While blue and green lasers are typically utilized depending on the optical properties of the water, laser-based white light is attractive in a number of aspects. In this thesis, we proposed and realized the use of white light to model the channel and to provide the immediate decision for the preferred system configuration, which is critical for developing reliable communication links, particularly, in the presence of turbulence, which makes the alignment of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links challenging. Temperature and salinity changes are among factors that change the refraction index, giving rise to beam wander. This thesis explores the dependence of underwater turbulence on the wavelength. After comparing the performance of red, green, and blue lasers, an ultra-fast comprehensive method that utilizes a white-light source that can produce a wide range of wavelengths is implemented. Experimental results show an 80%-decrease in the scintillation index as the wavelength is increased from 480 to 680 nm in weak turbulence caused by a 0.02-℃/cm temperature gradient with a 40-ppt salt concentration, which emulates conditions found in the Red Sea. The effect of turbulence on the bit error ratio (BER) is also investigated experimentally. Temperature gradients increased the BER especially for shorter wavelengths. The results along long-transmission distances were verified using Monte Carlo simulations. The correlation matrix between wavelengths was studied, which is important for designing multiple-input multiple-output systems. The results obtained show that as the difference in the wavelengths increases, the correlation decreases. Based on the interplay among scintillations, scattering, absorption, and the correlation between different wavelengths, it is possible to design a more reliable UWOC link.
32

Cheng, Yung-jen y 鄭詠仁. "The study of wavelength-dependent ocular scatter in human eye". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14971044712989568145.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學研究所
100
The main content of this research includes a quantification experiment for intraocular straylight from glare sources with varied wavelengths and glare angles. This study first confirmed the repeatability of this setup by repeating the experimental process for 4 times. Then the experiment was performed to measure the straylight parameters from 7 subjects in the following conditions: four glare source wavelengths, 450, 555, 610 and 670 nm, and six glare angles, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 degrees. The result showed the stronger scatter at short wavelength of glare, the decay with the increment of the wavelength value, and finally a boost at long wavelength value. The explanation for the results in the discussion revealed a coupled model of Rayleigh scatter effect, Mie scatter effect, fundus reflection and aging effect. At last, the comparison between the results with well-known disability glare equation showed a good match with the CIE disability glare equation.
33

Mischke, Matthew. "Wavelength dependence of the photoresponse of a yttrium-barium-copper-oxide thin film". 2003. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-12112003-082242/.

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34

Huang, Chun-Ping y 黃君平. "Wavelength Dependence of Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy of Collagen and Muscle Fiber". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89392340646802065281.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
物理研究所
101
Recently, the polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy has gained much attention from researchers in the field of non-linear optics and becoming an important researching method. The second order susceptibility(χ(2)) is closely related to material structure. The χ(2) in different materials can used to enhance the contrast of SHG images. The linear polarization light is usually be done by rotating the half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate. However, the dichroic mirror also alters the power of laser. Therefore, in this study, we measured the two-photon fluorescence of a fluorescent agent(0.5mg/ml,sulforhodamine b,s1420-5g) to calibrate the change of SHG signal. The structure of rat-tail tendons(RTT), rat-trachea cartilages(RTC), and rat-leg muscles(RLM) are based on the cylindrical symmetry theory. There have only three independent variables of χ(2). The natural resonance frequency of RTT,RTC,RLM are about 200nm ~ 300nm, and the excitation laser wavelength is about 700nm ~ 900nm. The Kleinman Symmetry assumption was adopted in this study to hold χ(2) as a constant. By introducing the general potential of non-centrosymmetric material, it was found that the χ(2) ratio of RTT, RTC, and RLC with different wavelengths are approaching constants in the three dimension system.These results suggested that applying the hypothesis of the cylindrical model and Kleinman Symmetry to such materials is suitable.
35

Gordon, Wendy Ryan. "Wavelength-dependent photochemistry of biological chromophores in gas-phase, solution, and protein environments /". 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3077058.

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36

Zeng, Qun-Kai y 曾群凱. "Position and Wavelength-dependent photochemical properties of the ring-bridged derivative trans-4-aminostilbene". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86328095641511156655.

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碩士
國立中央大學
化學研究所
94
This thesis reports the photophysical and photochemical properties of a series of trans-4-aminostilbenes (B1, B2, M1-M3) in order to gain insights into the origins of low fluorescence quantum yields and the occurrence of the [1,3] hydrogen shift (deconjugation) reaction observed for the ring- bridged derivative B2. Except for B2 in dichloromethane, the photochemistry of B1, B2, and M1-M3 in hexane and dichloromethane is merely the trans -> cis photoisomerization. The reason responsible for the low fluorescence quantum yield for B2 in hexane is the low double-bond torsional barrier in the singlet excited state. The presence of a trace amount of acid in dichloromethane accounts for the deconjugation reaction for B2 in dichloromethane. The deconjugation reaction results from the protonation of the cis isomer of B2, which forms a tertiary carbocation intermediate. Deprotonation of the bridged methylene carbon leads to the deconjugated product. In the presence of 1,4-dioctyloxybenzene (DOB), the quantum yield for trans -> cis photoisomerization for M1 and M2 is reduced, presumably due to the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited DOB to M1 and M2. The PET between DOB and B2 is also responsible for the wavelength-dependent photochemical behavior of B2 in dichloromethane.
37

"Near-Infrared Polarimetric Survey toward the Galactic Center -The Efficiency and Wavelength Dependence of Interstellar Polarization-". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13436.

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38

Hatano, Hirofumi y 裕史 羽田野. "Near-Infrared Polarimetric Survey toward the Galactic Center -The Efficiency and Wavelength Dependence of Interstellar Polarization-". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13436.

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39

Moralejo, Carol. "Wavelength dependent, solvent dependent and transient absorption behavior in photochemical substitution reactions of W(CO)₇ rL (L= pyridine, piperidine, CO)". Thesis, 1989. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5842/1/NL51345.pdf.

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40

Bertoni, Gregory Paul. "Analysis of light-dependent HPR mRNA accumulation effects of light fluence, wavelength, and CO₂ concentration /". 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32362529.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-208).
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Kuo, Che-ming y 郭哲銘. "Studies on fluorescence anisotropies of conjugated polyenes with two phenyl groups: excitation wavelength and solvent viscosity dependences". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74949537243163487437.

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42

Chiang, Han-Kuei y 江函桂. "I. Wavelength-dependent photocycle activity of xanthorhodopsin in the visible region II. Solvent isotope effect on the dark adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qkcp79.

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碩士
國立清華大學
化學系
105
Part I. Xanthorhodopsin (xR) is a dual-chromophore proton-pump photosynthetic protein comprising one retinal Schiff base and one light-harvesting antenna salinixanthin (SX). The excitation wavelength-dependent transient population of the intermediate M demonstrates that the excitation of the retinal at 570 nm leads to the highest photocycle activity and the excitations of SX at 460 and 430 nm reduce the activity to ca. 37% relatively, suggesting an energy transfer pathway from the S2 state of the SX to the S1 state of the retinal and a quick internal vibrational relaxation in the S2 state of SX prior to the energy transfer from SX to retinal. Part II. The thermal retinal isomerization from all-trans, 15-anti to 13-cis, 15-syn of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane in H2O and D2O during dark adaptation was investigated at 30—55°C at neutral pH. In this temperature range, phase transition of purple membrane and destruction of the tertiary structure of bacteriorhodopsin did not take place. We found that the solvent isotope effect is inverted below about 45°C; i.e., kf (D2O) / kf (H2O) > 1. Applying the transition state theory, the changes in enthalpy from the initial state to the transition state along the thermal trans-to-cis forward reaction coordinate, ΔH*f, were determined to be 24.7 ± 1.2 and 20.1 ± 0.4 kcal mol−1 in H2O and D2O, respectively. The relative entropic change of the transition state in H2O and D2O, ΔΔS*f = ΔS*f (D2O) − ΔS*f (H2O), was −14.4 ± 3.9 cal mol−1 K−1. In addition, the Gibbs free energy of trans-to-cis thermal isomerization reaction in D2O is 0.4—0.7 kcal mol−1 lower than that in H2O. It is the first time the entropy and enthalpy of the transition state have been quantified to elucidate the solvent isotope effect in the retinal thermal isomerization of bacteriorhodopsin during dark adaptation. The solvent isotope effect on the thermodynamics properties and kinetics implied that the hydrogen bonding in the transition state during the dark adaptation of bR is stronger than that in the initial state.
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(9159935), Asaduzzaman Mohammad. "Optical Properties and Application Of Template Assisted Electrodeposited Nanowires And Nanostructures". Thesis, 2020.

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Self-assembled templates allow the creation of many complex arrays of nanostructures, which would be extremely difficult and expensive, if not impossible, to realize using any of the other available fabrication techniques. The complexity of these advanced nanostructures, synthesized using the various template assisted electrodeposition techniques, can be controlled to nanometer scale range by tuning the structural properties of the template, which is achieved by adjusting its various growth parameters during the self-assembly process.
Electrodeposition allows the creation of arrays of various metallic and semiconducting nanostructures. Monitoring the electrodeposition conditions permit the creation of single crystalline nanostructures of a particular material, or the formation of heterostructures using multiple electrodeposition steps. This work demonstrates the template assisted electrodeposition of vertically aligned nanowire arrays, both straight and branched, of metals, and a direct bandgap, III-V semiconductor, indium antimonide (InSb), which has one of the smallest known bandgap of any material. The template assisted electrodeposition of metallic, and InSb inverse opal (IO) structures is also shown, and the fabrication of a novel zipper shaped nanostructure by laser photomodification of a Ni IO structure is reported.
The optical characterization of the various nanostructures realized in this work have been examined. The results from this work confirm the ability to tune the optical spectra of nanostructures of the same material with similar volume fill fractions by structural modulation, where the different optical responses can be attributed to the structural differences of the actual structure as opposed to the material properties of the solid.
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