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Hong, Pham Van, Nguyen Thao Nguyen, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Nguyen Thu Thuy y Le Thi Thanh Huong. "Evaluating Several Models of Quality Management and Impacts on Lychee Price Applying for Vietnam Agriculture Products Value Chain Sustainable Development". Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21018.
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Sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain will be dependent on various factors such as skills and experience of farmers, advanced technology, agricultural engineering, standards and models such as VIETGAP or GLOBAL GAP, etc. The role is still important, but Vietnam's agricultural production still has many Weakness points compared to other countries in the region when comparing resource use efficiency (land, water and labor). As a result, the efficiency of agricultural production tends to decrease recently. Specifically, the growth in average agricultural labor productivity annual rate of Vietnam also decreased correspondingly from 2.7% in the period 1990-1999 to 2.5% in the period 2000-2013 (World Bank, 2016). In Vietnam, we will evaluate the effectiveness of VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP models, principles and standards applying in Vietnam agriculture value chain in a specific case study. The research results show a strict condition for applying VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP for better quality in agriculture, including: Conditions for soil, irrigation water, fertilizers, pest control, etc. Last but not least, we also use an econometric model to measure impacts of multi macro factors on lychee price in Vietnam market over past years 2014-2019. Regression results show that we need to control inflation at low level, stable GDP growth and trade balance and exchange rate to stabilize lychee price. The research findings are of value to policy makers, farmers and investors in making decisions to invest for sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain. We will also make suggestions for commercial bank system in agriculture sector development.
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Grayman, W. M., H. J. Day y R. Luken. "Regional water quality management for the Dong Nai River Basin, Vietnam". Water Science and Technology 48, n.º 10 (1 de noviembre de 2003): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0528.
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A three-year study that started solely as an industrial pollution reduction effort in Dong Nai Province of Vietnam expanded into an ongoing regional river basin water quality management effort. The project was a cooperative effort between the United Nations (UNDP and UNIDO) and the Federal and Provincial governments in Vietnam. A comprehensive approach was used to assess the impacts and strategies for reducing industrial, municipal and agricultural pollution to the water, air and land. The strategy was based upon use of knowledge in four subject areas, economics, ecology, technology and institutions, integrated within a framework for regional environmental quality management, sometimes called Areawide Environmental Quality Management (AEQM). Dong Nai Province encompasses a major developing area immediately north of Ho Chi Minh City. The land area chosen for the AEQM study is the 1,400 square kilometre region in and around Bien Hoa that drains into the Dong Nai River. The Dong Nai River serves many purposes including navigation, fisheries and a water supply for both the Province and Ho Chi Minh City. Extensive industrial and residential development was underway and was projected to increase in the coming decade. A strategy for the control of pollution from liquid, gaseous and solid wastes for the period 1998 to 2010 in Dong Nai Province was developed.
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Bui, Nguyen Khanh. "Water environmental protection in craft villages of Vietnam". E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125808009.
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Craft villages are a unique feature of rural Vietnam. They play an important role in rural social - economic development and contribute to industrialisation and modernisation processes. Craft village development contributes to poverty alleviation and hunger eradication in rural areas, provides jobs in leisure time, improves incomes and quality of life etc. However, the sustainable development of craft villages has yet to receive due attention from legislation and administrative authorities at all levels. Unlike many countries in the world, craft villages in Vietnam are not only associated with the preservation of cultural values but also exist as industrial clusters. Based on traditional activities, craft villages of Vietnam are characterized by small-scale level, manually operated equipment and backward technologies, low material/fuel efficiency, suffered limitations of manufacturing space and possessed insufficient awareness on environment and health protection of the people. Because of this, a number of the activities of the craft villages have imposed pressure on their respective environments, and the surrounding communities, especially water environmental pollution. This article focuses on the challenges of water environmental protection in craft villages of Vietnam; It also provides shortcomings in water environmental management in craft villages and recommendation to amend and supplement regulations and mechanisms related to water environmental management in craft villages in Vietnam.
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Quyen, Nguyen Thi Kim, Huynh Van Hien, Le Nguyen Doan Khoi, Nobuyuki Yagi y Anna Karia Lerøy Riple. "Quality Management Practices of Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Farming: A Study of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam". Sustainability 12, n.º 11 (2 de junio de 2020): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114520.
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Continuous warnings on quality and food safety of shrimp products from importers have led to increases in port rejections. This has increased awareness amongst Vietnamese farmers for conducting shrimp farming according to specific certification guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the situation of quality control and effectiveness of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) in Vietnam (VietGAP) for intensive shrimp systems by making a comparison between VietGAP and non-GAP applied farms. The farmers in the GAP system performed well on seven control points related to quality management, especially regarding reservoir construction, water monitoring, and chemical use. Of the farms, 49% reported disease, and the ratio of safety rejections was low. The farmers in non-GAP farms appeared to have weak practices in quality control with high usage of antibiotics, leading to 64% of farmers reporting disease and 20% of tested shipments being rejected. The VietGAP applied system has the potential to deal with disease and quality problems to increase export opportunity for Vannamei shrimp. However, VietGAP does not generate a high price premium in itself because it is not a recognized certificate in the global markets. The results reinforce previous findings regarding eco-certification and how it can be a useful tool to reduce small-scale producers’ risk, even though it does not necessarily generate a price premium.
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Nguyen Thanh Giao. "Surveying causes of surface water pollution at Sao River, Binh Thuy district, Can Tho city, Vietnam". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.2.0055.
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Surface water sources play an important role in human and biological activities and the socio-economic development of the region. Therefore, the assessment of water quality and determination of the causes of water pollution in Sao river is essential for good management of the surface water environment. The study was conducted from July to December 2020. Water samples were collected at the time of low tide to evaluate the water quality indicators of temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) and coliform. The source of pollution was determined by direct interviews with households living near Sao river. The results showed that surface water quality in Sao river had signs of organic pollution and microbiological pollution due to BOD, TSS, N-NH4+, P-PO43-, coliform exceeded the allowable limits of National Technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1). The results of the interview revealed that 70% of respondents said that water was seriously polluted and the main sources of pollution were domestic solid waste and domestic wastewater. Therefore, to improve surface water quality in Sao river, solid waste and wastewater management is urgently required. It is necessary to promote the monitoring and management of water quality with the participation of local authorities and communities.
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Thanh Giao, Nguyen, Phan Kim Anh y Huynh Thi Hong Nhien. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam Using Water Quality Index and Statistical Approaches". Water 13, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030336.
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The study was conducted to spatiotemporally analyze the quality, location and critical water variables influencing water quality using water monitoring data from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Dong Thap province in 2019. The water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), oil and grease, sulfate (SO42−), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were collected at 58 locations with the frequency of four times per year (February, May, August, and November). These parameters were compared with national technical regulation on surface water quality—QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated and spatially presented by geographical information system (GIS) tool. Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the correlation among water quality parameters, group and reduce the sampling sites, and identify key parameters and potential water pollution sources. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the significant concerns impairing the water quality. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by WQI analysis. CA suggested that the current monitoring locations could be reduced from 58 sites to 43 sites which can be saved the total monitoring budget up to 25.85%. PCA showed that temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, TN, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the key water parameters influencing water quality in Dong Thap province’s canals and rivers; thus, these parameters should be monitored annually. The water pollution sources were possibly hydrological conditions, water runoff, riverbank erosion, domestic and urban activities, and industrial and agricultural discharges. Significantly, the municipal and agricultural wastes could be decisive factors to the change of surface water quality in the study area. Further studies need to focus on identifying sources of water pollution for implementing appropriate water management strategies.
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Tran, Q. B. y A. D. Pham. "Developing a Water Quality Index (WQI) for River Resources Management in Kien Giang Province, Vietnam". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 444 (7 de febrero de 2020): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/444/1/012054.
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Hop, Nguyen Van, Thuy Chau To y Truong Quy Tung. "CLASSIFICATION AND ZONING OF WATER QUALITY FOR THREE MAIN RIVERS IN BINH TRI THIEN REGION (CENTRAL VIETNAM) BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX". ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, n.º 2 (22 de noviembre de 2017): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.274.
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Huong, Thach Han and Kien Giang rivers are the important surface water sources in Thua ThienHue, Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces, respectively (in Central Vietnam). The river water samples were taken monthly (from June 2001 to May 2002 for Kien Giang river and from January to December of 2004 for Thach Han and Huong rivers) at selected sites. The temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (TUR), DO, COD, BOD5, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total solids (TS), hardness, total dissolved iron, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water samples were analyzed. Water quality index developed by Bhargava (Bhargava-WQI) was modified and applied to assess water quality of the above mentioned rivers. Based on Bhargava-WQI, the classification and zoning of the rivers for beneficial uses were carried out. The results obtained show that the water quality index can be used as an efficient tool for the water quality management and water pollution control of the rivers.
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Bui, Long Ta, Truong Duy Cao y Huong Thi My Hoang. "BUILDING THE MODEL OF MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SHARING OF ENVIRONMENTAL WATER QUALITY – DONG NAI BASIN AS A CASE STUDY". Science and Technology Development Journal 14, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2011): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1864.
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Recently, due to the impact of natural factors and human activities, the water quality in several basins in Vietnam has been seriously degraded. Pressing issues happening in the entire river basin-scale is polluted by waste from urban and industrial areas, oil spills and waste management. So far the system of policies and legal documents relating to protection of water quality basin is still missing and not synchronized, ensure funding for activities to protect water quality basin not meeting actual requirements. In particularly, there is no information data system to cater for the management of basin water quality which is the core of the problem of environmental protection of river basins. The main reason that make pollution happened at the entire river basin scale is bad waste management. which partly due to the lack of a good system of technical data and legal documents related to protection of river basin water quality. In this paper, we present research results from the process of building model for management and information sharing of environmental water quality at Dong Nai river basin.
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Pham, Minh Tuyen, Nguyen Khanh Bui y Roman Puzirevsky. "Legal framework for environmental impact assessment in Vietnam: the challenges between the regulations and practice". E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411008.
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After 30 years of economic reforms since the launch of Đổi Mới in 1986, Vietnam has recorded significant and historic achievements. From a poor, war-ravaged, centrally planned economy, which was closed off from much of the outside world, Vietnam has become a middle-income country with a dynamic market economy that is deeply integrated into the global economy. But growth has to a large extent come at the cost of the environment. Vietnam’s greenhouse gas emissions have grown the fastest in the region, while the environmental quality of its air, land, and water has deteriorated considerably. Water and air pollution have reached serious levels, especially near Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, posing major health risks. As the most important environmental management tool, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognized by Vietnamese Government and international organizations in the management of the impacts of future development on the country’s natural resource base. EIA is the important Chapter of Law on environmental protection 2014 of Vietnam (which was passed by the 13 National Assembly at the 7th session on June 23, 2014). This article argue that while significant improvements have been achieved in the EIA legal framework, the challenges remains between the EIA regulations and practice. This article contend that the current EIA legal framework is poor and facing with challenges and that future developments of the EIA regulations in Vietnam should focus not only on legislative documents but also on improving capacity of EIA practitioners with strictly sanctions.
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Hoang, Thi Thu Hang, Trung Kien Nguyen, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Dinh Kim Dang y Thi Thuy Duong. "Assessment of the water quality downstream of Red River in 2015 (Vietnam)". Journal of Vietnamese Environment 8, n.º 3 (17 de enero de 2017): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol8.no3.pp167-172.
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The Red River is strongly affected by climate and human activities, especially in the downstream area concentrating industrial zones, large urbans and powerful agricultural activities. The surface water is progressively susceptible to anthropogenic pollution. The physicochemical variables of surface water were determined at 5 sampling sites (Quyet Chien, Truc Phuong, Ba Lat, Nam Dinh and Gian Khau). At each site, water samples were taken monthly during the period from January to December 2015 to assess the effect of human activities on the surface water quality. The actual survey results showed that almost analyzed variables of the Red River water quality at the downstream were under the permitting limit values of the National technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08:2015, column B1). The quality of water downstream of the Red River reaches the permissible value in surface water for the irrigation purposes, waterway and other purposes with low quality water requirements. The results provide dataset for subsequent studies on the annual variation of physical and chemical variables of Red River downstream water, as well as the scientific basis for the effective protection and management of water resources in Vietnam.
Sông Hồng bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi khí hậu và các hoạt động của con người, đặc biệt là ở khu vực hạ lưu, nơi tập trung nhiều khu công nghiệp, nhiều đô thị lớn và các hoạt động nông nghiệp. Nước mặt đang dần bị ô nhiễm do con người. Các thông số hóa lý của nước mặt được xác định tại 5 trạm (Quyết Chiến, Trúc Phương, Ba Lạt, Nam Định và Gián Khẩu). Tại mỗi trạm, mẫu nước được lấy hàng tháng trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 1 đến tháng 12 năm 2015 để đánh giá tác động của các hoạt động của con người đến chất lượng nước mặt. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, hầu hết các chỉ tiêu chất lượng nước ở hạ lưu của sông Hồng đều nằm trong giá trị giới hạn cho phép theo quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt (QCVN 08: 2015, cột B1). Chất lượng nước ở hạ lưu của sông Hồng nằm trong giới hạn cho phép đối với mục đích tưới tiêu thủy lợi hoặc các mục đích sử dụng khác có yêu cầu nước chất lượng thấp. Kết quả thu được sẽ là cơ sở dữ liệu cho các nghiên cứu tiếp theo về sự thay đổi hàng năm của chất lượng nước hạ lưu sông Hồng, và cũng sẽ là cơ sở khoa học cho việc bảo vệ và quản lý tài nguyên nước một cách có hiệu quả tại Việt Nam.
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Dao, Anh Dzung, Duc Canh Nguyen y Moo Young Han. "Design and operation of a rainwater for drinking (RFD) project in a rural area: case study at Cukhe Elementary School, Vietnam". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, n.º 4 (13 de octubre de 2017): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.055.
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Abstract Since 2014, a well-designed rainwater for drinking (RFD) project has been successfully operating at Cukhe Elementary School, near Hanoi, Vietnam. During that time, daily rainfall data, water consumption, water quality and questionnaires to the community were prepared. Several concerns over the design and operation of RFD projects, such as lack of sufficient rainfall data, water quality concerns, and public acceptance, are identified and overcome. Modeled results from using observed daily rainfall data, and using a simplified method from insufficient monthly data, are compared. The simplified method using insufficient rainfall data is acceptable for design within the error range of 0–11%. Rainwater quality after the use of the point of use treatment device proved that a well-designed rainwater harvesting (RWH) system ensures safe drinking water, which complies with WHO and Vietnam drinking water quality standards (VDWQS) guidelines. The people of the community liked the RFD system because of the satisfactory water quality and the economic benefits of not needing to purchase bottled water. The success of the RFD project at the Cukhe Elementary School proved the potential of promoting rainwater as drinking water in rural areas in developing countries, where a safe drinking water supply is a challenge, and should be promoted as an important means to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.
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Trinh, Le Hung, V. R. Zablotskii, Thi Giang Le, Thi Thu Hien Dinh, Thi Trinh Le, Thi Tham Trinh y Thi Thu Nga Nguyen. "ESTIMATION Of SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION USING VNREDSAT – 1A MULTISPECTRAL DATA, A CASE STUDY IN RED RIVER, HANOI, VIETNAM". GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11, n.º 3 (29 de septiembre de 2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-3-49-60.
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The traditional methods for measuring water quality variables are timeconsuming and do not give a synoptic view of a water body or, more significantly, a synoptic view of different water bodies across the landscape. However, remote sensing technology with advantages such as wide area coverage and short revisit interval have been effectively used for environmental pollution applications, such as for monitoring water quality parameters. Many studies around the world show that optical satellite imagery can be used effectively in evaluating suspended sediment concentration. This article presents results of monitoring suspended sediment concentration in Red River, Hanoi, Vietnam through ground truth measurements and VNREDSat-1A multispectral data. The results obtained in the study can be used to serve the management, monitoring and evaluation of surface water quality.
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Grady, Caitlin A., Emmanuel C. Kipkorir, Kien Nguyen y E. R. Blatchley. "Microbial quality of improved drinking water sources: evidence from western Kenya and southern Vietnam". Journal of Water and Health 13, n.º 2 (8 de diciembre de 2014): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.206.
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In recent decades, more than 2 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources thanks to extensive effort from governments, and public and private sector entities. Despite this progress, many water sector development interventions do not provide access to safe water or fail to be sustained for long-term use. The authors examined drinking water quality of previously implemented water improvement projects in three communities in western Kenya and three communities in southern Vietnam. The cross-sectional study of 219 households included measurements of viable Escherichia coli. High rates of E. coli prevalence in these improved water sources were found in many of the samples. These findings suggest that measures above and beyond the traditional ‘improved source’ definition may be necessary to ensure truly safe water throughout these regions.
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Hoanh, C. T., N. D. Phong, J. W. Gowing, T. P. Tuong, N. V. Ngoc y N. X. Hien. "Hydraulic and water quality modeling: a tool for managing land use conflicts in inland coastal zones". Water Policy 11, S1 (1 de marzo de 2009): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.107.
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Tidal effect and salinity intrusion are two defining characteristics of inland coastal zones, causing, respectively, complex variations in water levels and flows in river and canal networks, and serious problems for agriculture and freshwater fishery, but bringing significant benefits for brackish water aquaculture. To evaluate these conflicts and synergies in the development of agriculture, fishery and aquaculture, this paper adopts a hydraulic and salinity modeling approach that simulates the tidal propagation and salinity intrusion, and evaluates the effects of water and land use management on these hydrology- and salinity-related phenomena in coastal zones. The paper presents the empirical results from the application of a hydraulic and salinity model specifically developed for the context of the Ca Mau peninsula, Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and also demonstrates how such a modeling approach can provide valuable policy-relevant information at different phases for water resource planning, development, operation, and management in hydrologically and environmentally sensitive coastal regions.
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Kim, Yonghwan, Anh Dzung Dao, Mikyeong Kim, Viet-Anh Nguyen y Mooyoung Han. "Design and management of rainwater harvesting systems to control water quality for potable purposes in Cu Khe, Vietnam". Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 17, n.º 2 (20 de septiembre de 2016): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.154.
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Quynh Anh, Tran Nguyen. "SEWER DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER BALANCE IN DRY SEASON IN HUE, VIETNAM". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, n.º 2A (19 de marzo de 2018): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11940.
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Vietnam has been developing sewerage recently. Although sewer discharge quantity and quality data is vital for proper sewage management, their fluctuation has not been well characterized in most of cities in developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a combined sewer discharge in a residential drainage area (11.2 ha) in Hue city, Vietnam on dry days in dry season (DdDs). A 24-hour survey on sewage quantity and quality was conducted at the sewer outlet on two weekdays and two weekends in July 2015. Household water consumption was hourly recorded from water meters for 23 households. Then results of discharge characteristics were compared with those on dry days in rainy season (DdRs) of our previous study. Results showed that hourly variations of flow rate corresponded to the water consumption trend. Average discharge flow rate was equivalent to 38.5 ± 4.4 L/cap/day, which was much lower than that on DdRs (64.2 ± 25.0 L/cap/day). In contrast, pollutant concentrations on DdDs were higher than those on DdRs and fluctuated slightly in a day and among days in a week. Low concentrations of discharge in both dry season and rainy season showed that domestic wastewater in urban Hue was not strongly polluted in terms of organic matter and nutrients. Sewer water balance showed that only 29 % of total water inputted to the sewer system was discharged through the outlet on DdDs, while the remaining 71 % was likely exfiltrated to the ground from the sewer system, which will be a potential pollution source to soil and groundwater.
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Richter, Dominik, Nadine Goeppert, Björn Zindler y Nico Goldscheider. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of suspended particles and E. coli in a complex surface-water and karst groundwater system as a basis for an adapted water protection scheme, northern Vietnam". Hydrogeology Journal 29, n.º 5 (28 de mayo de 2021): 1965–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02356-6.
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AbstractKarst aquifers in subtropical regions are characterized by high variability of water availability and quality due to changes associated with rainy and dry seasons. An additional challenge for water management is the combination of surface-water and karst groundwater systems since high spatiotemporal dynamics cause high variability of water quality. In these cases, adapted protection strategies are required. In this study, a protection approach for the catchment of a river-water diversion point in a rural area in northern Vietnam is developed. The variability of water quality was evaluated by rainy and dry season synoptic surveys of suspended particles and microbial contamination at 49 sites and time series at three sets of paired sites under constant hydraulic conditions. The anthropogenic land-use activities in the catchment were mapped to identify potential contamination sources and to highlight the challenging combination of surface-water and karst groundwater management. The analyzed data indicate differences in water quality between the dry and rainy seasons and a higher influence on water quality from land use than from hydrologic conditions. Furthermore, the results suggest a high risk of contamination resulting from residential areas, agriculture, and livestock farming, and reveal the necessity of implementation of appropriate measures such as restricted farming and the hook-up of buildings to municipal sewage disposal. Finally, the data show that water quality can be improved by adjusting water withdrawals by the time of day. The applied methods can be transferred to other surface-water and karst groundwater systems in similar subtropical environments.
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Nguyen, Quyen Thi Kim, Long Thanh Nguyen y Hien Van Huynh. "CURRENT SITUATION AND ROLES OF VietGAP CERTIFICATION TO SHRIMP FARMING: A CASE STUDY OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP FARMING IN SOC TRANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM". Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, n.º 37 (25 de marzo de 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.37.2020.381.
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This study was conducted from February to May 2019 through interviewing 105 white leg shrimp intensive farming households according to VietGAP certification in Soc Trang Province in Vietnam, and aimed to evaluate current situation and the efficiency of VietGAP practices regarding disease and quality management. VietGAPhas been operated since 2013 and has grown dramatically. Due to good practices and positive influence of VietGAP guidance, such as reservoir construction (94%); post-larvae testing (100%); reasonable stocking density(40 PL/ m2); and monitoring water using toolkits (100%); disease outbreaks were reduced (40%). Adhering to these measures, the results have been shown that harvest yield has resulted in 2.7 to 5.6 ton/ha/cycle, andprofit being 179 million VND/ha/non-disease cycle and 324 million VND/ha/diseased cycle. Up to 49% VietGAP shrimp was sold directly to the processing companies or their purchasing network, 98% of transactions metrequirements for export, and receiving premium price at two to five thousand VND/kg. Therefore, VietGAP has improved the quality of shrimp for export. However, the ratio of farmers being awarded certification is smallbecause farmers lack financial motivation (no difference in price between GAP vs nonGAP shrimp products) and external support from related organizations.
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Ender, Anna, Nadine Goeppert, Felix Grimmeisen y Nico Goldscheider. "Evaluation of β-d-glucuronidase and particle-size distribution for microbiological water quality monitoring in Northern Vietnam". Science of The Total Environment 580 (febrero de 2017): 996–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.054.
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Giao, Nguyen Thanh, Nguyen Van Cong y Huynh Thi Hong Nhien. "Using Remote Sensing and Multivariate Statistics in Analyzing the Relationship between Land Use Pattern and Water Quality in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam". Water 13, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2021): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081093.
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This study was carried out to understand how land use patterns influence surface water quality in Tien Giang Province using remote sensing and statistical approaches. Surface water quality data were collected at 34 locations with the frequency of four times (March, June, September, and November) in 2019. Water quality parameters were used in the analysis, including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (N-NH4+), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and coliform. The relationship between land use patterns and water quality was analyzed using geographic information techniques (GIS), remote sensing (RS), statistical approaches (cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Krustal–Wallis), and weighted entropy. The results showed water quality was impaired by total suspended solids, nutrients (N-NH4+, N-NO2−, P-PO43−), organic matters (BOD, COD), and ions (Cl− and SO42−). Kruskal–Wallis analysis results showed that all water quality parameters in the water bodies in Tien Giang Province were seasonally fluctuated, except for BOD and TN. The highest levels of water pollutants were found mostly in the dry season (March and June). The majority of the land in the study area was used for rice cultivation (40.64%) and residential (27.51%). Water quality in the study area was classified into nine groups corresponding to five combined land use patterns comprising residential–aquaculture, residential–rice cultivation, residential–perennials, residential–rice–perennial, and residential–rice–perennial crops–aquacultural. The concentrations of the water pollutants (TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform) in the locations with aquaculture land use patterns (Clusters 1 and 2) were significantly larger than those of the remaining land use patterns. PCA analysis presented that most of the current water quality monitoring parameters had a great impact on water quality in the water bodies. The entropy weight showed that TSS, N-NO2−, and coliform are the most important water quality parameters due to residential–aquaculture and residential–rice cultivation; EC, DO, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform were the significant variables for the land use type of residential–perennial crops; N-NO2−, P-PO43−, and coliform for the land use pattern of residential–rice cultivation–perennial crops) and N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform for the land use pattern of residential–rice cultivation–perennial crops–aquaculture. The current findings showed that that surface water quality has been influenced by the complex land use patterns in which residential and rice cultivation may have major roles in causing water impairment. The results of the water quality assessment and the variation in water properties of the land use patterns found in this study provide scientific evidence for future water quality management.
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Dang, Thien Ngon. "Autonomous water-cleaning machine using solar energy in shrimp ponds". Journal of Vietnamese Environment 3, n.º 1 (6 de noviembre de 2012): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol3.no1.pp30-33.
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Limited water exchange shrimp culture technology is commonly used today in many shrimp farms in Vietnam to reduce water usage, input of diseases and discharge of nutrient-rich effluents into environment as well as to increase the production per unit area. However, a remaining problem in this technology is that the water quality in shrimp ponds will be reduced due to limitation of water exchange for a long period. The accumulation of inorganic components such as waste feed, bacterial deposits or other biological debris at the pond bottom will lead to low dissolved oxygen, high ammonia-nitrogen level, high fecal coliform bacteria and high turbidity which cause a severe degradation of water quality and detriment to shrimp growth and survival. To solve this remaining problem, an autonomous water-cleaning machine for shrimp ponds was designed to control the waste accumulation in the pond. This is an effective solution to replace manual cleaning methods for water quality management in shrimp farming in the coastal area of the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Especially, this technique can be used for biosecure shrimp production systems according to GMP standards to meet the objectives for sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in Vietnam.
Kỹ thuật nuôi tôm không thay nước đang được sử dụng rộng rãi ở các trại nuôi tôm Việt Nam vì giúp giảm lượng nước sử dụng, hạn chế thải nước vào môi trường và giúp tăng diện tích nuôi trồng tôm. Tuy nhiên, bản thân kỹ thuật này cũng tạo nên một sản phẩm chất thải là phân tôm, thức ăn và chế phẩm sinh học xử lý nước dư thừa. Chất thải này dần dần tích tụ dưới đáy ao tạo thành lớp bùn độc, rất thiếu ôxy và chứa nhiều chất gây hại như ammonia, nitrite, hydrogen sul-fide. Để tránh làm giảm diện tích ao nuôi do chất thải tích tụ làm tôm lảng tránh và tăng mật độ tôm nuôi trồng, thiết bị tự hành thu gom chất thải làm sạch nước trong vuông nuôi tôm đã được nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo thành công. Thiết bị đã thay thế các hoạt động làm sạch chất thải thủ công của con người, không sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng gây ô nhiễm, giảm nhu cầu về điện góp phần phát triển sản xuất tôm sạch đạt chuẩn GMP và phát triển bền vững ở các tỉnh ven biển miền Tây Việt Nam.
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Nguyen, Giao Thanh. "EVALUATING SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND TESTING FREQUENCY IN TIEN AND HAU RIVERS, AN GIANG PROVINCE, USING 10-YEAR MONITORING DATA". Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, n.º 37 (25 de marzo de 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.37.2020.379.
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The study aimed to assess the variation of surface water quality and evaluate the monitoring frequency at threecontinuous monitoring stations on the Tien river (MT1 station) and Hau river (MH1 and MH2 station) over a 10-year period (2009-2018), with a monitoring frequency of 12 times per year (monthly). The water quality variables comprised of temperature (oC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS, mg/L), nitrate (N-NO- 3 , mg/L), orthophosphate (P-PO3 4- mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L), and coliforms (MPN/100 mL). The individual water quality parameters were assessed by comparison with National Technical Regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Monitoring frequency was evaluatedusing Cluster Analysis (CA). The findings revealed that surface water on both Tien and Hau rivers was perpetually polluted with suspended solids, organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms. The CA identified that the frequencies of current water monitoring could be reduced from 12 times to 5 times per year, resulting in a 58% reduction in monitoring costs. Future study should focus on evaluating water quality parameters toencompass all water quality characteristics in the Tien and Hau rivers. International collaboration with countries that impact the river before flowing into Vietnam in water management should be enhanced to solve continuing water problems.
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Khoi, Dao Nguyen, Van Nguyen, Truong Thao Sam y Pham Nhi. "Evaluation on Effects of Climate and Land-Use Changes on Streamflow and Water Quality in the La Buong River Basin, Southern Vietnam". Sustainability 11, n.º 24 (16 de diciembre de 2019): 7221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247221.
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The effects of climate and land-use changes have put intense pressures on water resources with regard to water quantity and quality in the La Buong River Basin, located in Southern Vietnam. Therefore, an estimate of such effects and their consequences on water resources in this area is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the segregated and aggregated effects of climate change and land-use change on streamflow and water quality components (sediment and nutrient loads) using the well-known Soils and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was carefully calibrated and validated against the observation data before it can be used as a simulation tool to study the impacts of climate and land-use changes on hydrological processes. As a result of this study, it shows a reduction in the wet-season and annual streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads will be occurred in the study area due to climate change effects, while the streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads will be increased under the effects of the land-use change. Moreover, the streamflow and water quality components are more sensitive to land-use change than climate change. The results obtained from this study can provide a basic knowledge of the effects of climate and land-use changes on the streamflow and water quality to the local and national authorities for the future development of integrated water resources management in the La Buong River Basin.
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Nguyen, Hong, Gunter Meon y Van Nguyen. "Development of an Event-Based Water Quality Model for Sparsely Gauged Catchments". Sustainability 11, n.º 6 (24 de marzo de 2019): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061773.
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This paper describes an event-based water quality model for sparsely gauged catchments. The model was cultivated in a robust way to cope with practical issues, such as limited available data and error propagation. A simplified model structure and fewer input parameters are the most appealing features of this model. All model components are coupled and controlled within an Excel Spreadsheet Macro as an operational tool. Herein, the geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH), the simplified process erosion and sedimentation component, the loading function, and the river routing from different existing modeling systems are adopted and linked together. Furthermore, an add-on Monte Carlo simulation tool is provided to deliver an uncertainty analysis for calibration of the output obtained from the model results. The model was successfully applied to simulate nutrient dynamics for small catchment scales during flood events in Vietnam. The success of the model application shows the ability of our model, which can adapt the model complexity to the data availability, i.e., the dominant processes in the system should be captured, whereas the minor processes may be neglected or treated in a less complex manner.
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Le, Van Du, Thanh Giao Nguyen y Hoang Dan Truong. "The Variation of Water Quality in Three Land Use Types in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches". Water 13, n.º 11 (27 de mayo de 2021): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111501.
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This study was conducted to assess the water quality affected by different land use patterns in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau, Vietnam. This study determined the water quality characteristics in three land use types (Acacia hybrid, planted melaleuca cajuputi, and natural melaleuca cajuputi) at different plant ages on two acid sulfate soil layers in the rainy season (8/2018) and dry season (4/2019) using nine water quality parameters. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the correlation and spatial and temporal variations in the water quality. The study results showed that the water quality in S-ASS was more polluted than that in D-ASS, characterized by low pH; the EC, organic matters (BOD and COD), nutrients (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−), and metal ions (Al3+ and Fe3+) were high; and the EC, BOD, COD, Al3+, and N-NO3− were determined high in D-ASS. The NMC area was noted to have high concentrations of organic matters and nutrients, while the factors specific to acidic soil were found to be higher in the AH and PMC areas. The water quality in the rainy season tended to be more polluted than that in the dry season. The cluster analysis grouped the land use patterns on S-ASS and D-ASS in both seasons into four groups, with a clear similarity between the wet and dry seasons in the areas at various plant ages. The seasonal variations of the water quality of the three land use types were distinguished by the main parameters, including pH, EC, BOD, N-NO3−, and Al3+ (S-ASS) and EC, BOD, N-NO3−, N-NH4+, and Fe3+ (D-ASS). Therefore, there is a need for better water management measures in the rainy season and focus on the key parameters causing water quality variations in each area. The findings in this study provided important information for the future water quality monitoring for both agricultural production and conservation in the national park.
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Ha, Tuan Minh. "Agronomic Requirements of Tomatoes and Production Methods in the Red River Delta of Vietnam". Journal of Tropical Crop Science 2, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.2.1.33-38.
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Solanaceae) is one of the most economically important vegetable crops in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Northern Vietnam. The recent market demands for tomatoes in both domestic and overseas markets have led to an increasing cultivated area for the crop in the RRD. To support growers in producing healthy and quality produce, this paper presents in detail the agronomic requirements of tomatoes regarding temperatures, light, water, suitable soil types and nutrients. Cultivation techniques are discussed to provide a general guide for developing appropriate management strategies, depending on specific soil types, cropping seasons, cultivars and availability of resources. In addition, six major pests have been defined, providing useful information for developing an integrated pest management (IPM) program for tomato production in the region.
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Vo-Van, T., A. Nguyen-Hai, M. V. Tat-Hong y T. Nguyen-Trang. "A New Clustering Algorithm and Its Application in Assessing the Quality of Underground Water". Scientific Programming 2020 (7 de marzo de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6458576.
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Cluster analysis, which is to partition a dataset into groups so that similar elements are assigned to the same group and dissimilar elements are assigned to different ones, has been widely studied and applied in various fields. The two challenging tasks in clustering are determining the suitable number of clusters and generating clusters of arbitrary shapes. This paper proposes a new concept of “epsilon radius neighbors” which plays an essential role in the cluster-forming process, thereby determining both the number of clusters and the shape of clusters, automatically. Based on “epsilon radius neighbors,” a new clustering algorithm in which the epsilon radius value is adapted to the characteristics of each cluster in the current partition is proposed. Recently, clustering has been widely applied in environmental applications, including underground water quality monitoring. However, the existing studies have simply applied conventional clustering techniques, in which the abovementioned two challenging tasks have not been solved already. Therefore, in this paper, the proposed clustering algorithm is applied in assessing the underground water quality in Phu My Town, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam. The experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. For the quality of underground water, the new algorithm results in four clusters with different characteristics. Through this application, we found that the new algorithm might provide valuable reference information for underground water management.
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Nitzsche, Katja Sonja, Vi Mai Lan, Pham Thi Kim Trang, Pham Hung Viet, Michael Berg, Andreas Voegelin, Britta Planer-Friedrich et al. "Arsenic removal from drinking water by a household sand filter in Vietnam — Effect of filter usage practices on arsenic removal efficiency and microbiological water quality". Science of The Total Environment 502 (enero de 2015): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.055.
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Vu, Danh Tuyen, Anh Huy Hoang y Tien Thanh Nguyen. "Surface water quality assessment based on GIS and hierarchical clustering technique: a case study of Cam Pha Region, Northeast Vietnam". International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 18, n.º 2 (2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2019.10023931.
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Vu, Danh Tuyen, Tien Thanh Nguyen y Anh Huy Hoang. "Surface water quality assessment based on GIS and hierarchical clustering technique: a case study of Cam Pha Region, Northeast Vietnam". International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 18, n.º 2 (2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2019.102303.
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Do, Thi Ngoc Bich, Cao Don Nguyen y Bao Hoang Nguyen. "Assessment of achieving sustainable development of clean water and sanitation (SDG6) goals for the Srepok river basin". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(4).44-49.
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This paper presents the results of the assessment of achieving sustainable development of clean water and sanitation (SDG6) goals for the Srepok river basin by the research team at the Water Resources Institute (WRI). The assessment results of some key indicators including “Proportion of the population using safely managed drinking water services 6.1.1”, “Proportion of the population using safe managed sanitation services 6.2.1a”, “Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality 6.3.2”, and “Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation 6.5.2” are achieved at rather high levels (83-100%) compared with the target set by the United Nations for those in 2030. Moreover, the “Current progress of implementing integrated water resources management” (6.5.1) in Vietnam in general and the Srepok river basin in particular, is still slow, according to results obtained from using the questionnaire survey developed by UNEP, as 55% (high average level). In addition, the “Increasing level of water stress (indicator 6.4.2)” globally poses a challenge for each country and river basin in the process of implementing the goal to improve this issue.
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Wrigley, Tim. "Microbial counts and pesticide concentrations in drinking water after alum flocculation of channel feed water at the household level, in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam". Journal of Water and Health 5, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.003.
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Low technology water supply, treatment and sanitation techniques were reviewed in a Vietnamese village in the Mekong River Delta as part of an AusAID Project to reduce poverty and to improve the overall living standards and health in the Cuu Long (Mekong) delta for 500,000 rural poor. It was found that dosing of canal water in 200-l ceramic jars with alum, PAC or PAC followed by hypochlorite provides a high level of treatment for drinking water at the household level in a rural village setting in the Mekong River delta. Seventy per cent (7 in total) of the 24 samples collected showed that Escherichia coli levels per 100 ml in the jars after treatment showed a ‘no risk’ profile (0 E. coli 100 ml-1) i.e. the water would be considered to be of very good quality for drinking according to World Health Organization Guidelines for Rural Drinking Water Supply. This included the eight samples that were dosed with hypochlorite. The remaining 30% of samples (seven in total) ranged from 14 to 47 E. coli 100 ml-1 which is considered an intermediate risk (10‒100 E. coli 100 ml-1) according to WHO guidelines. All control water samples (eight in total) were high or very high risk (>100 E. coli 100 ml-1). Pesticide concentrations generally were low and met Vietnamese drinking water quality criteria.
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Bearden, Bennett L. "The legal regime of the Mekong River: a look back and some proposals for the way ahead". Water Policy 12, n.º 6 (3 de diciembre de 2009): 798–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.060.
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In 1957, the four lower Mekong River states jointly organized the development of the basin and established a legal regime that has spanned five decades of cooperation. In 1995, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam concluded the Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin and formed the Mekong River Commission, which has been lauded as the most progressive of river institutions and a model for the world. At the core of the 1995 Mekong Agreement is the concept of sustainable development. Guided by this sustainable development paradigm, the Lower Mekong River Basin states attempt to balance the maintenance of water quantity with protection of water quality, and agree to cooperate and use the Mekong's water resources in a manner in which the river system's environmental conditions and ecological balance are conserved and maintained. However, development of the Mekong and its tributaries has rendered the efficacy of the Mekong legal regime to support holistic water resources management questionable. More than ten years of experience has shown that there are aspects of the 1995 Mekong Agreement that should be strengthened in order to secure the environmental, economic and social benefits that it promises.
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Minh Hai, Dang. "Optimal Planning of Low-Impact Development for TSS Control in the Upper Area of the Cau Bay River Basin, Vietnam". Water 12, n.º 2 (14 de febrero de 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020533.
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Recently, an increase in impervious area induced by the process of urbanization has significantly affected the quantity and quality of urban surface runoff. Among the pollutants of the storm flow, total suspended solids (TSS) are an extremely important cause of water quality deterioration. This paper aims to use the integrated nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II)–Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) method to find optimal Low-Impact Development (LID) plans which ensure maximum TSS load reduction and minimum total relative cost. Green roofs, permeable pavements, and tree boxes with fixed parameters and unit costs were considered for seeking optimal planning alternatives in the Cau Bay river basin. The optimization process yielded a cost–effectiveness curve, which relates cost of LID implementation with its corresponding TSS reduction efficiencies. The advantage of the optimization approach was clarified when, with a defined cost of LID implementation, there was a significant difference in TSS reduction efficiencies between the optimal and non-optimal alternatives. The increase in return periods of rainfall patterns not only resulted in a reduction in the TSS removal efficiencies of LID practices at the outfall of the study area, but also spatially changed in terms of the TSS removal efficiencies of the sub-catchments. The return period of the rainfall patterns utilized for LID design should not exceed 2 years. The simulation–multi-optimization approach facilitates integration of LID practice plans into the urban infrastructure master plans in Vietnam.
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Thi Phong Lan, Nguyen, Anders Dalsgaard, Phung Dac Cam y Duncan Mara. "Microbiological quality of fish grown in wastewater-fed and non-wastewater-fed fishponds in Hanoi, Vietnam: influence of hygiene practices in local retail markets". Journal of Water and Health 5, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2007): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.014b.
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Mean water quality in two wastewater-fed ponds and one non-wastewater-fed pond in Hanoi, Vietnam was ∼106 and ∼104 presumptive thermotolerant coliforms (pThC) per 100 ml, respectively. Fish (common carp, silver carp and Nile tilapia) grown in these ponds were sampled at harvest and in local retail markets. Bacteriological examination of the fish sampled at harvest from both types of pond showed that they were of very good quality (2−3 pThC g−1 fresh muscle weight), despite the skin and gut contents being very contaminated (102−103 pThC g−1 fresh weight and 104−106 pThC g−1 fresh weight, respectively). These results indicate that the WHO guideline quality of ≤1000 faecal coliforms per 100 ml of pond water in wastewater-fed aquaculture is quite restrictive and represents a safety factor of ∼3 orders of magnitude. However, when the fish from both types of pond were sampled at the point of retail sale, quality deteriorated to 102−105 pThC g−1 of chopped fresh fish (mainly flesh and skin contaminated with gut contents); this was due to the practice of the local fishmongers in descaling and chopping up the fish from both types of pond with the same knife and on the same chopping block. Fishmonger education is required to improve their hygienic practices; this should be followed by regular hygiene inspections.
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Harkison, Tracy y Sandra Goh. "Good morning Vietnam". Hospitality Insights 4, n.º 1 (13 de mayo de 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v4i1.78.
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The following is a reflection from two Auckland University of Technology (AUT) academics seconded as visiting professors to teach events and human resource management at a Vietnamese university. As this may be an ongoing project for AUT, they have provided these insights to guide other academics venturing to teach in Vietnam.
It was a humbling experience and we recommend all academics make teaching overseas and entering into global classrooms part of their journey. Although others with experience of overseas teaching have recommended co-teaching with a translator/interpreter [1], interpreters are not always available when required. And when surprised by their absence, what do you do? Ten lessons were drawn from our experiences for you to include in your overseas teaching survival kit:
Lesson #1. Expect the unexpected.
Lesson #2. Brace yourself for culture shock – the first day you will feel like a fish out of water, which really makes you reset yourself to becoming a better teacher. Imagine you are without an interpreter and the students can only understand half of your slides.
Lesson #3. Adapt your materials and revise your notes to include local examples. This will involve thinking on your feet; your assessment format may undergo many changes. Try to blend in your students’ local and pop-cultural interests.
Lesson #4. Find your allies; the class monitor and the interpreter rule! Identify the ‘leaders of the pack’ – those who can help lead and manage the class.
Lesson #5. Use language carefully. Remember that English words can have more than one meaning and that you will spend most of your time rephrasing sentences.
Lesson #6. Co-teaching with an interpreter means half the time is spent translating your lessons. Be realistic about your learning outcomes.
Lesson #7. There are no international standards in Vietnam, only regional standards. For example, the international hotel accreditation is not the same as Vietnam’s hotel quality standards.
Lesson #8. Be prepared with multiple, fun teaching tools to engage your students in group activities. Team building is always welcome.
Lesson #9. Bring small souvenirs from New Zealand as little treats and rewards to encourage participation from students.
Lesson #10. Always travel in pairs and be prepared to ‘rough it’.
Vietnam has transformed us into instructors with a global perspective. We went to impart knowledge, but we have had returned to us many times what we gave. We stepped outside of our comfort zones and this has certainly stretched our personal and professional limits in ways conventional teaching could never achieve. Like Stachowski and Sparks [2], we now know what it is to be cultural outsiders looking in, and how to find ways to gain acceptance as ‘foreign teachers’. Now that we are back on campus comfortably teaching in English, we should still consider the students we have in our classrooms. In a university that promotes the presence of a global community, we need to be mindful that some international students in our classrooms may need help to orientate them to what, for them, is an alien learning and teaching platform in a foreign language.
This teaching reflection was supposed to be written upon our return from Vietnam in November 2019. However, at the time of writing, COVID-19 has brought about unprecedented changes that are transforming the way universities are teaching – bringing their lessons online to students from all over the world. Although this article is not focused on COVID-19, the unusual times have triggered questions for academics and industry trainers planning on teaching overseas in the future, to consider beyond the above lessons, particularly about the accessibility of technology. Considerations include the availability of hardware and software to students in other countries. We did not have access to WIFI in the classrooms in Vietnam; students were dependent on their phones for the additional information they needed for our group activities.
Corresponding author
Tracy Harkison can be contacted at: tracy.harkison@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Herman, W. E.; Bailey, M. P. Recommendations for Teaching Overseas. College Teaching 1991, 39 (3), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1991.10532443
(2) Stachowski, L. L.; Sparks, T. Thirty Years and 2,000 Student Teachers Later: An Overseas Student Teaching Project that is Popular, Successful, and Replicable. Teacher Education Quarterly 2007, 34 (1), 115–132. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ795147.pdf (accessed May 4, 2020).
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Ozaki, Hirokazu, Thi Kinh Co, Anh Kha Le, Viet Nu Pham, Van Be Nguyen, Mitsunori Tarao, Huu Chiem Nguyen et al. "Human factors and tidal influences on water quality of an urban river in Can Tho, a major city of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, n.º 2 (10 de octubre de 2013): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3421-y.
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Sithirith, Mak, Jaap Evers y Joyeeta Gupta. "Damming the Mekong tributaries: water security and the MRC 1995 Agreement". Water Policy 18, n.º 6 (12 de mayo de 2016): 1420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.003.
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Water security is a key governance challenge especially in relation to transboundary rivers. While the literature elaborates on the water security concept, there is very little on how to operationalize it in the transboundary context. Hence, this paper addresses the question: How can the governance of transboundary rivers be operationalized to deal with national water security concerns? It uses a literature review and a case study focusing on dams in the Mekong tributaries, namely the Sesan, part of the 3S Basin, in Vietnam and Cambodia. The paper describes the damming process in the 3S Basin and how it threatens water security for downstream states in terms of securing the flow, volume, quality, space, and the temporal variations of the rivers and the livelihoods of river dependent communities. It examines how the Mekong River Commission (MRC) members address these issues, balance their interests and secure the free flow of the Mekong River and its tributaries. It concludes that the MRC Agreement of 1995 is an inadequate mechanism to regulate the developments of hydrological infrastructure on the shared international tributaries, and that further operationalization of the concept of water security is necessary to enable the improvement of existing cooperative regulations and mechanisms.
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Dao, Thanh-Son, Jorge Nimptsch y Claudia Wiegand. "Dynamics of cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins and their correlation with environmental parameters in Tri An Reservoir, Vietnam". Journal of Water and Health 14, n.º 4 (11 de marzo de 2016): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.257.
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This study evaluates the water quality from Tri An Reservoir, a drinking water supply for several million people in southern Vietnam, in terms of cyanobacterial biomass and their potent toxins, microcystins (MCs). Cyanobacteria, their toxins and environmental parameters were monitored monthly for 1 year (April 2008–March 2009) at six stations covering a transect through the reservoir. Dynamics of cyanobacterial abundance in relation to cyanobacterial biomass, toxins and environmental factors were investigated. Environmental variables from Tri An Reservoir favored algal and cyanobacterial development. However, cyanobacterial biomass and proportion varied widely, influenced by physical conditions, available nutrients and nutrient competition among the phytoplankton groups. Cyanobacterial biomass correlated slightly positively to temperature, pH and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), but negatively to total inorganic nitrogen concentrations. During most of the sampling times, MC concentrations in the reservoir were quite low (≤0.07 μg L−1 MC-LR equivalent), and presented a slight positive correlation to BOD5, total nitrogen:total phosphorus ratio and cyanobacterial biomass. However, in cyanobacterial scum samples, which now and then occurred in the reservoir, MC concentrations reached up to 640 μg g−1 DW−1. The occurrence of MC in the reservoir poses a risk to local residents who use the water daily for domestic purposes.
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Vinh, Pham Quang, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thanh Binh, Nguyen Ngoc Thang, La Thi Oanh y Nguyen Thien Phuong Thao. "Developing algorithm for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in the Thac Ba Reservoir surface water using Landsat 8 Imagery". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13542.
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This study aims at developing a regional algorithm to quantify chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) in the Thac Ba Reservoir surface-water using Landsat 8 imagery basing on in-situ data of Chla and above-water reflectance taken in both dry and rainy seasons 2018. In situ datasets obtained from 30 water sampling sites show a strong correlation (R2=0.73) with the reflectance ratio of two Landsat 8 (L8) bands, the green band (band 3: B3) versus the red band (band 4: B4), B3 / B4, by an exponential equation. The algorithm for estimating Chla using this ratio was well-matched up the validation using multiple-dates in-situ datasets (R2 = 0.82; RMSE ~ 5%) and was then applied to L8 images level 2 acquired in both dry and rainy seasons to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of Chla over the reservoir. Obtained maps of Chla present clearly two trends: (1) Chla in the reservoir water in the dry season (averaged at 15.3 mg/m3) is relatively lower than those in the rainy season (averaged at 17.0 mg/m3); (2) In both seasons, Chla increased from water area in front of the Chay River mouth to the center of the reservoir. The algorithm and method outlined in this study could be applied to monitoring Chl in other inland waters having similar features as the Thac Ba Reservoir water.ReferencesAPHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1220p.Bac N.A., Viet N.D., Ha N.T.T., Huong H.T.T., 2017. Identifying eutrophication status of shallow waters based on estimated trophic state index from satellite data. Journal of Science and Technology, 55(4C), 85-89.Bernardo N., Watanabe F., Rodrigues T., Alcântara E., 2017. Atmospheric correction issues for retrieving total suspended matter concentrations in inland waters using OLI/Landsat-8 image. Advances in Space Research, 59(9), 2335-2348.Boucher J., Weathers K.C., Norouzi H., Steele B., 2018. Assessing the effectiveness of Landsat 8 chlorophyll a retrieval algorithms for regional freshwater monitoring. Ecological Applications, 28(4), 1044-1054.Carlson R.E., 1977. A trophic state index for lakes1. Limnology and oceanography, 22(2), 361-369.Carlson R.E., Simpson J., 1996. A coordinator’s guide to volunteer lake monitoring methods. North American Lake Management Society, 96, 305.DWR - Directorate of Water Resource, 2017. Report on weather conditions, water supplies, flood control and irrigations security No. 49/BC-TCTL-QLCT to Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnamese) on October 16th, Hanoi, Vietnam. Gholizadeh M.H., Melesse A.M., Reddi L., 2016. A comprehensive review on water quality parameters estimation using remote sensing techniques. Sensors, 16(8), 1298.Gitelson A., Stark R., Oron G., Dor I., 1997. Monitoring of polluted water bodies by remote sensing. IAHS Publications-Series of Proceedings and Reports-Intern Assoc Hydrological Sciences, 242, 181-188.Ha N.T.T., Koike K., 2011. Integrating satellite imagery and geostatistics of point samples for monitoring spatio-temporal changes of total suspended solids in bay waters: application to Tien Yen Bay (Northern Vietnam). Frontiers of Earth Science, 5(3), 305.Kutser T., 2009. Passive optical remote sensing of cyanobacteria and other intense phytoplankton blooms in coastal and inland waters. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 30(17), 4401-4425.Kutser T., 2012. The possibility of using the Landsat image archive for monitoring long time trends in coloured dissolved organic matter concentration in lake waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, 334-338.Michelutti N., Blais J.M., Cumming B.F., Paterson A.M., Rühland K., Wolfe A.P., Smol J.P., 2010. Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status?. Journal of Paleolimnology, 43(2), 205-217.Mobley C.D., 1999. Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from above-surface measurements. Applied Optics, 38(36), 7442-7455.Nhung P.T., Canh B.D., Ha N.T.T., Linh N.T., 2016. Modeling spatial-temporal distribution of total suspended solids concentrations in Day Estuary water using Landsat 8 Imagery. Proceeding of the 7th International Symposium Hanoi Geoengineering 2016 on Energy and Sustainability, Hanoi, October 21-22, 69-75.Olmanson L.G., Bauer M.E., Brezonik P.L., 2008. A 20-year Landsat water clarity census of Minnesota's 10,000 lakes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(11), 4086-4097.Padisák J., Borics G., Grigorszky I., Soroczki-Pinter E., 2006. Use of phytoplankton assemblages for monitoring ecological status of lakes within the Water Framework Directive: the assemblage index. Hydrobiologia, 553(1), 1-14.Palmer S.C., Kutser T., Hunter P.D., 2015. Remote sensing of inland waters: Challenges, progress and future directions. Remote Sens. of Environ. Special Issue: Remote Sensing of Inland Waters, 157(1), 1-8.Quang N.H., Sasaki J., Higa H., Huan N.H., 2017. Spatiotemporal Variation of Turbidity Based on Landsat 8 OLI in Cam Ranh Bay and Thuy Trieu Lagoon, Vietnam. Water, 9(8), 570.Son N.H., Anh B.T, Thuy N.T.T, 2000. Investigation of the Fisheries in Farmer-Managed Small Reservoir in Thai Nguyen and Yen Bai Province. Proceedings of an International Workshop on Reservoir and Culture-based Fisheries: Biology and Management. Bangkok, Thailand 15-18 February, 246-257.Tebbs E.J., Remedios J.J., Harper D.M., 2013. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a as a measure of cyanobacterial biomass in Lake Bogoria, a hypertrophic, saline-alkaline, flamingo lake, using Landsat ETM+. Remote Sensing of Environment, 135, 92-106.Thuy D.B., Canh B.D., Ha N.T.T., Thao N.T.P., Nhi B.T., 2016. Modeling spatial distribution of total suspended solids concentration in Ha Long Bay water during the first quarter of 2016 using co-kriging interpolation and auxiliary data from Landsat 8 imagery. Proceeding of the 7th International Symposium Hanoi Geoengineering 2016 on Energy and Sustainability, Hanoi, October 21-22, 148-153.Tiwari S.P., Shanmugam P., Ahn Y.H., Ryu J.H., 2012. A Reflectance Model for Relatively Clear and Turbid Waters. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 3(1), 325-337.UNEP, 2014. Review of existing water quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems and application of water quality guidelines on basin level to protect ecosystems. Technical background document for theme 1: “Water Quality and Ecosystem Health”. First International Environment Forum for Basin Organizations towards Sustainable Freshwater Governance, 26-28 November 2014, Nairobi, Kenya.US Environmental Protection Agency, 2009. National lakes assessment: a collaborative survey of the nation's lakes, 103p.Vermote E., Justice C., Claverie M., Franch B., 2016. Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product. Remote Sensing of Environment, 185, 46-56.Watanabe F., Alcantara E., Rodrigues T., Rotta L., Bernardo N., Imai N., 2018. Remote sensing of the chlorophyll-a based on OLI/Landsat-8 and MSI/Sentinel-2A (Barra Bonita reservoir, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2), 1987-2000.Yang Z., Anderson Y., 2016. Estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in a freshwater lake using Landsat 8 Imagery. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 6(4), 134-142.
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Ha, Pham Thi Thu, Nomessi Kokutse, Sophie Duchesne, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Alain Bélanger, Ha Ngoc Hien, Babacar Toumbou y Duong Ngoc Bach. "Assessing and selecting interventions for river water quality improvement within the context of population growth and urbanization: a case study of the Cau River basin in Vietnam". Environment, Development and Sustainability 19, n.º 5 (14 de junio de 2016): 1701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9822-7.
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PHAM, THU THUY, BRUCE M. CAMPBELL, STEPHEN GARNETT, HEATHER ASLIN y MINH HA HOANG. "Importance and impacts of intermediary boundary organizations in facilitating payment for environmental services in Vietnam". Environmental Conservation 37, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291000024x.
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SUMMARYIntermediaries are seen as important actors in facilitating payments for environmental services (PES). However, few data exist on the adequacy of the services provided by intermediaries and the impacts of their interventions. Using four PES case studies in Vietnam, this paper analyses the roles of government agencies, non-government organizations, international agencies, local organizations and professional consulting firms as PES intermediaries. The findings indicate that these intermediaries are essential in supporting PES establishment. Their roles are as service and information providers, mediators, arbitrators, equalizers, representatives, watchdogs, developers of standards and bridge builders. Concerns have been raised about the quality of intermediaries’ participatory work, political influence on intermediaries’ activities and the neutral status of intermediaries. Although local organizations are strongly driven by the government, they are important channels for the poor to express their opinions. However, to act as environmental services (ES) sellers, local organizations need to overcome numerous challenges, particularly related to capacity for monitoring ES and enforcement of contracts. Relationships amongst intermediaries are complex and should be carefully examined by PES stakeholders to avoid negative impact on the poor. Each of the intermediaries may operate at a different level and can have different functions but a multi-sector approach is required for an effective PES implementation.
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Kim, Dong Eon, Jiandong Liu, Shie-Yui Liong, Philippe Gourbesville y Günter Strunz. "Satellite DEM Improvement Using Multispectral Imagery and an Artificial Neural Network". Water 13, n.º 11 (31 de mayo de 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111551.
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The digital elevation model (DEM) is crucial for various applications, such as land management and flood planning, as it reflects the actual topographic characteristic on the Earth’s surface. However, it is quite a challenge to acquire the high-quality DEM, as it is very time-consuming, costly, and often confidential. This paper explores a DEM improvement scheme using an artificial neural network (ANN) that could improve the German Aerospace’s TanDEM-X (12 m resolution). The ANN was first trained in Nice, France, with a high spatial resolution surveyed DEM (1 m) and then applied on a faraway city, Singapore, for validation. In the ANN training, Sentinel-2 and TanDEM-X data of the Nice area were used as the input data, while the ground truth observation data of Nice were used as the target data. The applicability of iTanDEM-X was finally conducted at a different site in Singapore. The trained iTanDEM-X shows a significant reduction in the root mean square error of 43.6% in Singapore. It was also found that the improvement for different land covers (e.g., vegetation and built-up areas) ranges from 20 to 65%. The paper also demonstrated the application of the trained ANN on Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where the ground truth data are not available; for cases such as this, a visual comparison with Google satellite imagery was then utilized. The DEM from iTanDEM-X with 10 m resolution categorically shows much clearer land shapes (particularly the roads and buildings).
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Doan, Thuy Thu, Phimmasone Sisouvanh, Thanyakan Sengkhrua, Supranee Sritumboon, Cornelia Rumpel, Pascal Jouquet y Nicolas Bottinelli. "Site-Specific Effects of Organic Amendments on Parameters of Tropical Agricultural Soil and Yield: A Field Experiment in Three Countries in Southeast Asia". Agronomy 11, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020348.
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Organic amendments may improve the quality of acidic tropical agricultural soils with low organic carbon contents under conventional management (mineral fertilization and irrigation) in Southeast Asia. We investigated the effect of biochar, compost and their combination on maize growth and yield, soil physical, biological and chemical properties at harvesting time at four sites in three countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. Treatments consisted of 10 t·ha−1 cow manure compost and 7 t·ha−1 of Bamboo biochar and their combination. Maize biomass production and cop yields were recorded for two seasons. Elemental content, pH and nutrient availability of soils were analyzed after the first growing season. We also characterized macrofauna abundance and water infiltration. Few changes were noted for maize biomass production and maize cop yield. Soil chemical parameters showed contrasting, site-specific results. Compost and biochar amendments increased soil organic carbon, pH, total K and N, P and K availability especially for sandy soils in Thailand. The combination of both amendments could reduce nutrient availability as compared to compost only treatments. Physical and biological parameters showed no treatment response. We conclude that the addition of compost, biochar and their mixture to tropical soils have site-specific short-term effects on chemical soil parameters. Their short-term effect on plants is thus mainly related to nutrient input. The site-dependent results despite similar crops, fertilization and irrigation practices suggest that inherent soil parameters and optimization of organic amendment application to specific pedoclimatic conditions need future attention.
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Hung, Tran Trong, Tran Anh Tu, Dang Thuong Huyen y Marc Desmet. "Presence of trace elements in sediment of Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13543.
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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. Micropollutants in the sediment of Sai Gon – Dong Nai rivers: Situation and ecological risks. Chimia International Journal for Chemistry, 57, 09(0009–4293), 537–541.Baruddin N.A., Shazili N.A., Pradit S., 2017. Sequential extraction analysis of heavy metals in relation to bioaccumulation in mangroves, Rhizophora mucronata from Kelantan delta, Malaysia. AACL Bioflux, 10(2), 172-181. Retrieved from www.bioflux.com/aacl.Bravard J.-P., Goichot M., Tronchere H., 2014. An assessment of sediment transport processes in the lower Mekong river based on deposit grain size, the CM technique and flow energy data. Geomorphology, 207, 174-189.Cang L.T., Thanh N.C. 2008. Importing and exporting sediment to and from mangrove forest at Dong Trang estuary, Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city. Science & Technology Development, 11(04), 12-18.Carignan J., Hild P., Mevelle G., Morel J., Yeghicheyan D., 2001. Routine analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow injection and low-pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS: A study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N, UB-N, AN-G and GH. The Journal of Geo standard and Geoanalysis, 187-198.Carlson P.R., Yarbro L.A., Zimmermann C.F., Montgomery J.R., 1983. Pore water chemistry of an overwash mangrove island. Academy Symposium: Future of the Indian River System, 46(3/4), 239-249. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320336.Chatterjee M., Canário J., Sarkar S.K., Branco V., Godhantaraman N., Bhattacharya B.D., Bhattacharya A., 2012. Biogeochemistry of mercury and methylmercury in sediment cores from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Environ Monit Assess, 184, 5239–5254.Claudia R., Huy N.V., 2004. Water allocation policies for the Dong Nai river basin in Viet Nam: An integrated perspective. EPTD Discussion Paper, 127, 01-52.Folk R.L., Ward W.C., 1957. Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 3-26.Furukawaa K., Wolanski E., Mueller H., 1997. Currents and sediment transport in mangrove forests. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 301-310.Hai H.Q., Tuyen N.N., 2011. Coastal Erosion of Can Gio district Ho Chi Minh City due to the global climate change. The journal of development of technology and science, 14, 17-28.HCM SO S.O., 2015. Annual statistic data in 2015 for HCM city. Ho Chi Minh city: Statistic office of HCM city.HCMC, 2017. Decision No. 3901 on approving the areas of forest and land in HCM city in 2016. Ho Chi Minh: The people's committee of HCM city.Herut B., Sandler A., 2006. Normalization methods for pollutants in marine sediments: review and recommendations for the Mediterranean. Haifa 31080: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research: IOLR Report H18/2006.Hong P.N., San H.T., 1993. Mangroves of Vietnam: Chapter VI Human impacts on the mangrove ecosystem. Bangkok 10501: IUCN - The International Union for Conservation of Nature, ISBN: 2-8317-0166-x.Hubner R., Astin K.B., Herbert R.J., 2009. Comparison of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for the assessment of metal contamination in marine and estuarine environments. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, 713–722.IAEA, 2003. Collection and preparation of bottom sediment samples for analysis of radionuclides and trace elements. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-1360, ISBN 92–0–109003–X.Jingchun L., Chongling Y., Ruifeng Z., Haoliang L., Guangqiu Q., 2008. Speciation changes of Cd in mangrove (Kandelia Candel L.) rhizosphere sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 231-236. Doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9351-z.Kalaivanan R., Jayaprakash M., Nethaji S., Arya V., Giridharan L., 2017. Geochemistry of Core Sediments from Tropical Mangrove Region of Tamil Nadu: Implications on Trace Metals. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, ISSN: 2157-7617., 8(1.1000385), 1-10. Doi:10.4172/2157-7617.1000385.Kathiresan K., Saravanakumar K., Mullai P., 2014. Bioaccumulation of trace elements by Avicennia marina. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2(11), 888-894.Kitazawa T., Nakagawa T., Hashimoto T., Tateishi M., 2006. Stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of a Quaternary sequence along the Dong Nai River, southern Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, 788–804.Lacerda L.D., 1998. Trace metals of biogeochemistry and diffuse pollution in mangrove (M. Vannucci, Ed.) Mangrove ecosystem occassional papers (ISSN: 0919-1348), 2, 1-72.Laura H., Probsta A., Probsta J.L., Ulrich E., 2003. Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination. The Science of Total Environment, 195-210.Li R., Li R., Chai M., Shen X., Xu H., Qiu G., 2015. Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in Futian mangrove forest sediment in Shenzhen Bay, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101, 448–456.Long E., Morgan L.G., 1990. The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorted contaminants tested in the national status and trends program. Seattle, Washington: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52.Long E.R., Field L.J., MacDonald D.D., 1998. Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 17, 714–727. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.5620170428/abstract;jsessionid=C5264A1AD0.7ACCA9B4EF9A088BE2EDE9.f04t04Long E.R., MacDonald D.D., Smith S.L., Calder F.D., 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentration in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental management, 19, 81-97.Maiti S.K., Chowdhury A., 2013. Effects of Anthropogenic Pollution on Mangrove Biodiversity: A Review. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 1428-1434.Marchand C., Allenbach M., Lallier-Verges E., 2011. Relation between heavy metal distribution and organic matter cycling in mangrove sediments (Conception Bay, New Caledonia). Geoderma, Elsevier, 160 (3-4), 444-456.Mohd F.N., Nor R.H., 2010. Heavy metal concentrations in an important mangrove species, Sonneratia caseolaris, in Peninsular Malaysia. Environment Asia, 3, 50-53.Muller G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins - Veränderungen seit 1971. Umschau, 778-783.Nam V.N., 2007. Restoration of Can Gio mangrove forest: Its structure and function in comparison between the ecosytems of plantion and nature mangrove forest. Workshop on the thesis between Germany and Vietnam.Nickerson N.H., Thibodeau F.R., 1985. Association between pore water sulfide concentrations and the distribution of mangroves. Biogeochemistry, 1, 183-192.Ong Che R.G., 1999. Concentration of 7 Heavy Metals in Sediments and Mangrove Root Samples from Mai Po, Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39, 269-279.Passega R., 1957. Texture as characteristics of clastic deposition. Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Passega R., 1964. Grain size representation by CM patterns as a geological tool. J Sediment Petrol, 34, 830–847.Phuoc V.L., An D.T., Cang L.T., Chung B.N., Tien N.V., 2010. Study the sediment dynamics in Can Gio mangrove forest (Nang Hai site, Ho Chi Minh city). Ho Chi Minh city: The final report of National University Ho Chi Minh city, No. B2009-18-36.Pumijumnong N., Danpradit S., 2016. Heavy metal accumulation in sediments and mangrove forest stems from Surat Thani province, Thailand. The Malaysian forester, 79(1&2), 212-228.QCVN43:2012/BTNMT, 2012. QCVN43:2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the sediment quality, Ha Noi: Ministry of natural resources and environment of Vietnam.Qiao S., Shi X., Fang X., Liu S., Kornkanitnan N., Gao J., Yu Y., 2015. Heavy metal and clay mineral analyses in the sediments of Upper Gulf of Thailand and their implications on sedimentary provenance and dispersion pattern. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 114, 488–496.Rollinson H. R., 1993. Using geochemical data for evaluation, presentation and interpretation. UK: Longman Group UK Limited ISBN-0-582-06701-4.Spalding M., Blasco F., Field C., 2010. World atlas of mangrove. Cambridge: Earthscan in UK and US, ISBN: 978-1-84407-657-4.Strady E., Dang V.B., Némery J., Guédron S., Dinh Q.T., Denis H., Nguyen P.D., 2016. Baseline seasonal investigation of nutrients and trace metals in surface waters and sediments along the Saigon River basin impacted by the megacity of HCM, Viet Nam. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1-18. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7660-7.Tam N.F., Wong Y.S., 1996. Retention and distribution of heavy metals in mangrove soils receiving wastewater. Environment pollution, 94(5), 283-291.Thomas N., Lucas R., Bunting P., Hardy A., Rosenqvist A., Simard M., 2017. Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996– 2010. PLoS ONE, 12(6): e0179302, 1-14. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179302.Thuy H.T., Loan T.T., Vy N.N., 2007. Study on environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in urban canal sediments of Ho Chi Minh city. Science and Technology Development, 10(01), 1-9.Toan T.T., Bay N.T., 2006. A study on the tendency of accretion and erosion in Can Gio coastal zone. Vietnam-Japan estuary workshop, 184-194.Tri N.H., Hong P.N., Cuc L.T., 2000. Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve Ho Chi Minh city, Ha Noi, Viet Nam. Ha Noi: Hanoi University Publisher.Truong T.V., 2007. Planning for water source of Dong Nai river basin. Retrieved from Water Resources Planning: http://siwrp.org.vn/tin-tuc/quy-hoach-tai-nguyen-nuoc-luu-vuc-song-dong-nai_143.html.Tuan L.D., Oanh T.T., Thanh C.V., Quy N.D., 2002. Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve. HCM city, Vietnam: Agriculture Publisher.Tue N.T., Quy T.D., Amono A., 2012. Historical profiles of trace element concentrations in Mangrove sediments from the Ba Lat estuary, Red river, Vietnam. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, 223(3), 1315-1330.Twilley R., Chen R., Hargis T., 1992. Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implications to carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems. Water, Air & Soil pollution, Netherland, 64, 265-288.UN Environment Program, 2006. Methods for sediment sampling and analysis. Palermo (Sicily), Italy: United Nation Environment Program.UNESCO, 2000. List of Biosphere reserves approved by MAB committee belonging to UNESCO. 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The Annual Review of Marine Science, 8, 243-266.Zhang J., Liu C.L., 2002. Riverine Composition and Estuarine Geochemistry of Particulate Metals in China-Weathering Features, Anthropogenic Impact and Chemical Fluxes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(6), 1051-1070.Zhang W., Feng H., Chang J., Qu J., Xie H., Yu L., 2009. Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone: An assessment from different indexes. Environmental Pollution, 157, 1533-1543.Zheng W.-j., Xiao-yong C., Peng L., 1997. Accumulation and biological cycling of heavy metal elements in Rhizophora stylosa mangroves in Yingluo Bay, China. Marine ecology progress series, 159, 293-301.
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Trinh, T., C. Ho, N. Do, A. Ercan y M. L. Kavvas. "Development of high-resolution 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region by physically based numerical atmospheric–hydrologic modeling". Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (22 de julio de 2020): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.062.
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Abstract Long-term, high spatial and temporal resolution atmospheric and hydrologic data are crucial for water resource management. However, reliable high-quality precipitation and hydrologic data are not available in various regions around the world. This is, in particular, the case in transboundary regions, which have no formal data sharing agreement among countries. This study introduces an approach to construct long-term high-resolution extreme 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region by the coupled physical hydroclimate WEHY-WRF model. For the case study, Da and Thao River watersheds (D-TRW), within Vietnam and China, were selected. The WEHY-WRF model was set up over the target region based on ERA-20C reanalysis data and was calibrated based on existing ground observation data. After successfully configuring, WEHY-WRF is able to produce hourly atmospheric and hydrologic conditions at fine resolution over the target watersheds during 1900–2010. From the modeled 72 h precipitation and flood events, it can be seen that the main precipitation mechanism of DRW and TRW are both the summer monsoon and tropical cyclone. In addition, it can be concluded that heavy precipitation may not be the only reason to create an extreme flood event. The effects of topography, soil, and land use/cover also need to be considered in such nonlinear atmospheric and hydrologic processes. Last but not least, the long-term high-resolution extreme 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region, D-TRW, were constructed based on 111 largest annual historical events during 1900–2010.
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Ngo, Quang Xuan, Xuan Dung Nguyen y Thuy Nga To. "Applied meiobenthos and nematode communities as tool for environmental monitoring and assessment in the Mekong estuarine system". Journal of Vietnamese Environment 4, n.º 2 (2 de diciembre de 2013): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol4.no2.pp50-54.
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The Mekong estuarine system is a sensitive region which is strongly effected from economic activities in the south Vietnam. This ecosystem is not only impacted by anthropogenic factors but also known as one of severely affected areas by climate change. The issue of environmental management in this estuarine system is very important and necessary. Many coastal provinces in the Mekong delta have awareness of environmental estuarine management to set up bio-monitoring programs for water and ecological quality. However, there is no province including meiobenthos or nematode communities in environmental bio-monitoring while they are clearly proven to be a helpful bio-indicator. This paper concerns to some baseline data of meiobenthos and nematode communities in this region to recommend applying nematode in meiobenthos communities for environmental bio – monitoring and management in the Mekong estuarine area.
Hệ thống cửa sông Cửu Long là vùng sinh thái nhạy cảm và đang chịu tác động mạnh mẽ từ các hoạt động kinh tế ven biển của các tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ. Hệ sinh thái khu vực này không những bị ảnh hưởng trực tiếp từ con người mà còn được biết đến như một trong những khu vực bị tác động nặng nề bởi biến đổi khí hậu. Vấn đề về quản lý môi trường ở hệ thống cửa sông này đã hết sức cần thiết. Các tỉnh trong khu vực ven biển đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long cũng đã ý thức được tính nguy cấp trong công tác quản lý môi trường cửa sông ven biển và xây dụng các chương trình quan trắc chất lượng nước và hệ sinh thái. Tuy nhiên, hầu như chưa có tỉnh nào ven biển đồng bằng sông Cửu Long đưa động vật đáy, đặc biệt là tuyến trùng vào các chương trình quan trắc và giám sát môi trường trong khi các công trình nghiên cứu trên thế giới đã chứng minh khả năng chỉ thị chính xác của chúng. Bài viết phân tích cơ sở, các số liệu động vật đáy cỡ trung bình và tuyến trùng khuyến nghị đưa vào công tác giám sát, quản lý môi trường cửa sông ven biển đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.
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Le, Nhu Da, Thi Xuan Binh Phung y Thi Phuong Quynh Le. "Microbial contamination in the surface water in the Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi". Journal of Vietnamese Environment 9, n.º 4 (8 de agosto de 2018): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol9.no4.pp217-222.
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Ba Vi National Park, one of 28 Vietnamese National Parks, is currently preserved and exploited for a variety of purposes, including the preservation of intact natural forest ecosystems and genetic resources of rare plants and animals. This paper presents the monitoring results of microbial contamination in surface water environment of the Ba Vi National Park (Ha Noi) in the period 2013-2014 and 2018. The results showed that total coliform (TC) density varied from 23 to 11,000 MPN/100ml in bimonthly observation in 2013-2014 which was lower than that one of sampling campaign in 2018, from 900 MPN/100ml to 8,100 MPN/ml. Fecal coliform (FC) densities varied from 0 to 110 MPN/100ml in 2013-2014, lower than in 2018, when it varied from 0 MPN/100ml to 600 MPN/100ml. At several observation times, both TC and FC were higher than the allowable values of the Vietnam national technical regulation QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT column A1 for surface water quality. The exceeded values of TC and FC than the allowable values and the increase trend from the 2013 to 2018 periods indicated the potential risks to the public health in this region when people use water for domestic and agricultural purposes. Our results provide dataset for environmental management in the Ba Vi National Park in order to protect the eco-environment in parallel with social-economic development.
Vườn Quốc gia Ba Vì, một trong 28 vườn quốc gia của Việt Nam hiện đang được bảo tồn và khai thác cho nhiều mục đích, trong đó có bảo tồn nguyên vẹn các hệ sinh thái rừng tự nhiên, các nguồn gen động, thực vật quý hiếm, các đặc sản rừng và các di tích lịch sử, cảnh quan tự nhiên trong vùng. Bài báo trình bày kết quả quan trắc, đánh giá mức độ ô nhiễm vi sinh vật trong môi trường nước mặt tại Vườn Quốc Gia Ba Vì, Hà Nội giai đoạn 2013-2014 và 2018. Kết quả cho thấy mật độ coliform tổng số (TC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 23 – 11.000 MPN/100ml trong các đợt quan trắc định kỳ 2 tháng/lần trong hai năm 2013 - 2014 và trong khoảng từ 900 – 8.100 MPN/100ml trong một đợt quan trắc năm 2018. Mật độ fecal coliform (FC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 0 - 110 MPN/100ml năm 2013 -2014 và từ 0 - 600 MPN/100ml vào năm 2018. Vào một số thời điểm quan trắc, mật độ FC và TC vượt giá trị cho phép của quy chuẩn kỹ thuật Quốc Gia QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT cột A1 về chất lượng nước mặt. Các giá trị TC và FC vượt quá giá trị cho phép và xu hướng gia tăng TC và FC từ 2013 -2018 cho thấy nguy cơ tiềm tàng khi người dân sử dụng nguồn nước này cho các mục đích sinh hoạt và nông nghiệp. Như vậy, kết quả của nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh nhu cầu giám sát thường xuyên chất lượng nước và cần thực hiện các giải pháp hiệu quả để xử lý và quản lý nguồn gây ô nhiễm trong khu vực nhằm bảo vệ môi trường sinh thái song song với phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của khu vực.
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Thủy, Phan Thị Thanh, Nguyễn Văn Việt, Nguyễn Kiều Lan Phương y Lee Chun-Hung. "WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING WATER QUALITY INDEX: A CASE OF THE RAY RIVER, VIETNAM". TNU Journal of Science and Technology 226, n.º 06 (25 de mayo de 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.4385.
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Sông Ray là một trong những hệ thống sông chảy qua tỉnh Đồng Nai và Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu. Nước sông có tầm quan trọng trong việc phục vụ sinh hoạt, công nghiệp và nông nghiệp. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay chất lượng nước ngày càng ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng bởi các hoạt động vui chơi giải trí, du lịch, chăn nuôi, phân bón và thuốc trừ sâu. Do đó, nghiên cứu nàyđược thực hiện với mục đích xác định và đánh giá các thông số hóa lý quan trọng. Mẫu được thu định kỳ 4 tháng trong năm 2019 (tháng 3, 6, 10, 12) giữa hai mùa khô và mùa mưa bao gồm 13 thông số hóa lý như nhiệt độ, pH, độ đục, oxy hòa tan (DO), amoni (NH4-N), nitrat (NO3-N), nitrit (NO2-N), photphat (PO4-P), tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), sắt (Fe), nhu cầu oxy hóa học (COD), nhu cầu oxy sinh học (BOD5) và tổng coliform. Phương pháp thu và phân tích mẫu dựa theo phương pháp chuẩn Andrew, 1995. Kết quả sau 4 đợt phân tích mẫu cho thấy chất lượng nước tại các vị trí M2, M3 (mùa khô) và M2, M9, M10 (mùa mưa) bị ô nhiễm nặng nhất. Ngoài ra, chỉ số WQI mùa khô cao hơn mùa mưa. Vì vậy, đánh giá chất lượng nước sông Ray có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát và quản lý môi trường nước mặt ở Việt Nam.