Tesis sobre el tema "Water debt"
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Mobie, Titus Risimati. "The impact of privatization of water system towards the poor a challenge to pastoral care : with special reference to the rural communities of Bushbuckridge /". Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11062008-170236/.
Texto completoTUNINETTI, MARTA. "Water footprint assessment in space and time to support local and global sustainability". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2706873.
Texto completoKleczyk, Ewa Jadwiga. "Incidence and Costs of Pinhole Leak Corrosion and Corporate Cost of Capital Borrowing". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29901.
Texto completoPh. D.
Li, Yunda. "Navigating treacherous waters : U.S. private real estate debt market opportunity and investment strategy under new debt capital market order". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107864.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-71).
U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market is experiencing some underlying structural changes. New regulations in banking and CMBS industry have resulted in reduced roles of these regulated lenders in the commercial real estate financing market. Funding gaps appear in the market as regulated lenders pullback from various types of lending. This paper delivers a comprehensive and most updated analyses on the current U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market opportunities and investment strategies. The paper illustrates the current debt capital market landscape, summarizes the key regulation changes that created challenges for regulated lenders, identifies the current dislocations and opportunities in the U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market, analyzes appropriate investment strategies that can capitalize on these opportunities, and finally identifies target investors for each strategy. This paper takes the angles of both investment managers and institutional investors, as it provides insights and analyses for both audience groups.
by Yunda Li.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
Lindfeldt, Emelie. "Per- och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser i det kommunala dricksvattnet i Sverige". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445088.
Texto completoPer- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) is a large group industrially synthesized compounds being wide spread in the environment. Due to the persistence, the compounds stays in the environment and can further disperse from polluted areas during a long time. The highest levels in the environment in Sweden have been found adjacent to firefighting training facilities using firefighting foam containing PFAS.Humans are exposed to PFAS mainly through food, including drinking water. PFAS binds to proteins in the blood and liver as well as in the lungs and kidney. Exposure during a prolonged time have shown to affect blood lipids, reduce birth weight and affect liver cells. The critical effect observed at the lowest dose is adverse effects on the immune system.In January 2020 the Swedish Food Agency sent out a questionnaire to the municipal control authorities aiming to map levels of PFAS in municipal drinking water. 261 municipalities of 290 (90 %) answered the questionnaire with information including 1462 water works. A selection was made including the larger water works supplying at least 500 persons, resulting in 580 water works. In total, 86 municipalities had analysed PFAS in drinking water from at least one water work. Detectable levels were found in 74 out of 154 water works, where analyses had been performed. In drinking water from 15 water works, supplying approximately 2.2 million people, the sum levels of PFAS exceeded 10 ng/l. The highest sum levels of PFAS in drinking water were 40 ng/l, found in one water work. The results from this survey shows lower levels in municipal drinking water compared to earlier studies, indicating that measures haven been taken aiming to lower the levels of PFAS in drinking water in Sweden.
Tim, Landfeldt. "Att rädda det förgångna : Om Walter Benjamins historiska materialism". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24361.
Texto completoKaltenberg, Eliza Maria. "New Approaches in Measuring Sediment-Water-Macrobenthos Interactions". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1458661697.
Texto completoHansson, Caroline. "Miljökvalitetsnormer för vatten i det kommunala detaljplanearbetet - Viktiga faktorer, svårigheter och möjligheter". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199215.
Texto completoWith the goal of high quality recipients within the European Union the European Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) was initiated in the year of 2000. In order to achieve water of high quality, goals have been established under the definition of Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). These are defined for lakes, rivers and other water bodies within each municipality. The EQS are defined as a level that are to be reached until a defined year. The EQS are to be kept in mind when zoning is carried out within a municipality. Zoning allows for strategic use of land and water within the municipality and is an important part in the work of achieving the EQS. If a zoning plan does not meet the EQS the plan should not be adopted. The county government should audit plans before they are approved to make sure the chance of reaching the EQS are not hindered by the plan. The aim of this study is to investigate which important factors that come into play when a zoning plan is created that will meet the EQS. The aim is also to get an understanding of the work from the municipalities perspective as well as from the viewpoint of the county government. Both the overall perspective and the more detailed field of assessing the impact from a zoning plan is to be analyzed. In the end the goal is to give an overview of how the work is done today, which difficulties that are experienced as well as improvements that could be needed. The study is focused upon the county governments within the North Baltic Sea basin and the municipalities within Stockholm county. Semi-structured interviews and a literature review were conducted followed by a survey study in order to address the research questions. The survey study was directed towards the county governments and municipalities within the geographical study area mentioned above. From the methods described above data was collected which resulted in the identification of important steps in the process of making zoning with consideration of the EQS. Also difficulties connected to each phase were identified. The work of follow-up and monitoring was found only to be carried out to a limited extent but is believed to support several important functions in the work, if improved. The impact assessment of zoning on water quality and EQS was found to be one of the more difficult parts of the work with the WFD. Foremost, this process is connected to many uncertainties in the method of calculation but also due to limited data available in some cases. Information needed is for example the current water quality and the levels of pollution connected to different land uses of the area. More developed guidelines and support from central authorities was requested by several participants of the survey. Hopefully the Water authorities’ planned action program for the next 6-year work cycle, will result in this. However, more investigations and studies are needed in order to improve and minimize uncertainties in the methods used to calculate impact from zoning on water quality. More education and cooperation between municipalities, county governments and agencies with issues connected to implementing the WFD is needed as well. Overall more consensus is needed in how the work can be carried out while meeting both environmental and societal goals.
Beijbom, Elin y Emma Lindqvist. "Att uppnå ett levande ledningssystem för hållbarhetsstyrning : En fallstudie på det tekniska säljbolaget Xylem Water Solutions Sweden AB:s integrerade kvalitets- och miljöledningssystem". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176107.
Texto completoNaidoo, Merle. "A situational analysis on the public participation processes in integrated water resources management in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005530.
Texto completoShuttleworth, Sarah M. "The application of gel-based sampling techniques (DET and DGT) to the measurement of sediment pore-water solutes at high (mm) spatial resolution". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369497.
Texto completoGillenwater, Nia R. "Why Are We Still Listening to this Dead British Guy: An Analysis of Emergency Liquidity Assistance in Germany During the Sovereign Debt Crisis". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/864.
Texto completoÖstlund, Simon. "Många bäckar små, blir det bättre då? : En studie om den småskaliga vattenkraftens för- och nackdelar ur ett miljöperspektiv". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24466.
Texto completoToday we face many environmental problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Hydropower is a renewable energy source that can produce electricity with low greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden has a long tradition of using water as an energy source and has during the past century built hydropower in a majority of the Swedish rivers. Today, hydropower accounts for nearly half of Sweden's electricity production and contributes to Sweden's low greenhouse gas emissions. But hydropower also affects biodiversity and water bodies negatively. Of the approximately 2100 hydropower plants in Sweden, 200 accounts for over 90% of the electricity production. Thus there are a large number of small-scale hydropower plants that contribute to a small portion of the electricity while they are liable to affect streams negative. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether electricity from small-scale hydropower is justifiable in terms of its environmental impact. The study used a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with the following stakeholders: Swedenergy, Swedish Hydropower Association, Swedish Energy Agency, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Swedish Anglers’ Association and River Savers Association Sweden. The results showed that small-scale hydropower is a cheap and established energy source, it can also contribute with cultural values, it is locally produced and consumed that can give greater stability to the electricity grid and reduce distribution losses. The disadvantages show that small-scale hydropower lacks some of the key features that large-scale hydropower can provide: the regulation of the electricity grid and the ability to store water that can be used if necessary. Furthermore, small-scale hydropower is considered to have a major negative impact on streams and biodiversity. The potential for small-scale hydropower could also be considered lower than for other renewable energy while developing more slowly. Legislation, permits and electricity certificate system has also been identified as factors that do not help the environmental situation in streams. The need to produce renewable electricity from small-scale hydropower can be considered lower than the need to protect streams and biodiversity to reach Swedish environmental quality objectives and the Water Framework Directive. There is scope for reducing electricity production from small-scale hydropower and still achieve environmental policy objectives on renewable energy and streams and biodiversity. The conclusion is that electricity production from small-scale hydropower cannot be justified in terms of its environmental impact and that there is a need to examine the possibility of removing the smallest hydropower plants with the greatest environmental impact. It is also stressed that there is a lack of proper incentives to promote biodiversity and aquatic environments and that the view of small-scale hydropower as environmentally friendly should be questioned.
Kempe, Hannes. "Våld, rätt och öde : en läsning av Walter Benjamins Zur Kritik der Gewalt". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27764.
Texto completoLundin, Anders y David Fransson. "Avluftningsventil på avlopp – är det en energibesparing? : En studie om avluftningsventilens inverkan på fastigheters energiåtgång". Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174886.
Texto completoBuildings in Sweden account for a large proportion of the country’s total energy consumption and it is therefore important to try and find energy efficiencies around this area. Sometimes it can be easier than you think to get cheap energy saving solutions. One obvious thing is that the second law of thermodynamics also applies for sewerage. Because the sewage in houses are open systems, exposed to the harsh outdoor climate through holes or small chimneys on the roof and the municipal sewer system, then it should be reasonable that heat energy disappears from the house too. One could imagine that there are cold drafts in the winter or an airflow that pulls through the building's drainage system. This flow should cool down the drains. We could conclude with the aid of an airflow meter that these flows because of the chimney effects often are directed so that cool air flows from the municipal sewage system and out through the vent on the roof. Durgo is a company that manufactures air admittance valves. This valve works so that it only takes in air when under pressure in the sewer system. Thus, it will not print any foul air from the sewer which means that you can have the vent installed indoors, for example in an attic. If you put an air admittance valve instead of having an opening through the roof you put a stop to this airflow. Thus it becomes reduced cooling during cold weather in sewer systems. Drainage pipes in houses are often uninsulated, although they can be in more or less isolated areas and could cool down the construction and nearby rooms. The purpose of this thesis is to find out if it is possible to save energy with an air admittance valve. We built an experimental facility to simulate the energy consumption. The experimental facility consists of two insulated tanks, aerated with an air admittance valve, the other with an open chimney. Then we make two different types of experiments in which we measure the temperature in the tanks. First way, we look at how quickly the water is cooled down in two insulated tanks where one tank is vented as if it were a traditional vented sewer system and the second tank is ventilated with an air admittance valve. Second way, we compare how much energy it is possible to maintain at a certain temperature in the insulated tanks. In this way, we can easily see if there are differences between the various systems. Our expected results were that youwould save energy if you used an air admittance valve. After we made our experiments we could see that our hypothesis very well matched reality. Our experiment shows that the colder it is outside, the greater energy savings you do with an air admittance valve. Energy savings can be around 13 kWh per meter sewer pipe and year, which could equate to 1-2% per year of the total heating cost of a house depending on how many meters you have. In an apartment building with 84 apartments with 45% power level of heat recovery from waste water, the energy saving will be about 10 000 kWh / year because the waste water temperature becomes one degree higher. An air admittance valve is a very cheap investment and it offers several benefits beyond saving energy. However, one must ensure that it is installed properly so it does not leak emission.
Friberg, Rickard y Grandin Elsa Hatz. "Sjömärke i sikte. : En studie om det optiska upptäcktsavståndet till flytande sjömärken". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65640.
Texto completoFor the introduction of new waterways visibility is of importance when choosing the appropriate sea mark. Today the choice of sea mark is very subjective due to the lack of research regarding the visual detection distance of the ones used in Swedish waters. Safety is jeopardised if a sea mark is used with a detection distance that is too short, whereas a more effective sea mark leads to higher costs. The purpose was that the study would help in creating objective methods when marking waterways by investigating the visual detection distance of different floating sea marks. A methodological triangulation was performed in the form of a field study on board a ship, and a questionnaire was answered by pilots. The field study revealed that the buoys generally had a further detection distance compared to the light spar buoys. The detection distance varied according to the sea marks shape, height, width, colour, eye height, light angle and also the background behind the sea mark. The result also showed interesting differences and similarities amongst the pilots’ answers regarding the factors which where perceived to affect the visual detection distance.
Kovaříková, Vladěna. "Vývoj gelových technik pro in situ měření biodostupných forem kovů v půdách a sedimentech". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233310.
Texto completoGarnier, Philippe. "Le Cher, étude hydrologique". Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE0016.
Texto completoAspvik, Eveline y Amanda Asker. "Växtbaserad glasstillverkning och dess hållbarhetspåverkan : En studie på det gotländska företaget Gute Glass". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445394.
Texto completoThis study has been carried out within the field of industrial technology and further provides suggestions for sustainable improvement for a Swedish company that produces ice cream, Gute Glass, located in Visby Gotland. Sustainability development is a fundamental area and also forms the basis for the work of developing the improvement proposal for the study and the company in question, in which sustainable development is an assumed global goal that all countries must work for and which can further be defined as "Development that meets today's needs without risking the opportunity for future generations to meet their needs'' (Gröndahl and Svanström, 2010, p. 32). Plant-based diets are something that benefits the sustainable development in relation to animal-based diets and these areas and the impact they have on the environment is the basis for the improvement proposal.
Molapo, Pogiso. "Assessment of the perception of employees on the effective administration of performance management in the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) head office". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. https://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/402.
Texto completoNetzell, Pontus. "SIMULERING AV SPECIFIK ENERGIANVÄNDNING FÖR ETT FIKTIVT ATTEFALLSHUS : En undersökning om ett generellt Attefallshus kan klara det nu gällande BBR-kravet för småhus". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31959.
Texto completoSundquist, Pontus. "Vägen från ilska till ansvar: : En översättning om självinsikt och förlåtelse med översättningsteoretisk kommentar". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194206.
Texto completoThis essay is based on my own translation of the first chapter of author Jesse Lee Peterson’s work From Rage to Responsibility: Black Conservative Jesse Lee Peterson and America Today, in the language pair English to Swedish. The essay also includes a source text analysis, as well as a commentary on my own translation, where the translator’s approach in achieving a target text that accomplishes its aim is discussed and exemplified. The aim has primarily been to transfer the source text’s ideational core to the target text and the deeper understanding that is being conveyed, regarding rage, insight, forgiveness and responsibility, in an equivalent manner which stays faithful to the style of the author, to the extent that is considered possible. This includes the transference of the author’s cultural references, easy going and simple stylistic approach, along with the informal and colloquial language use, as well as a syntactic target language adaptation. To achieve this, the ideas and terms from the translation theorists Benjamin Walter and Theo Hermans have been applied during the translation process and in the commentary.
Ozgirdas, Romualdas. "Mažos galios hidroelektrinės energetiniai tyrimai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090609_121243-32780.
Texto completoDarbe ištirti veikiančios mažos galios hidroelektrinės generatorių parametrai, įvertinant teorinius skaičiavimus ir eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatus ir jų priklausomybė nuo vandens debito.Turbina paleidžiama įviriais režimais, tam kad būtų galima sudaryti P; Q, S grafikų priklausomybę nuo vandens tekėjimo debito. Parodymai nuimami, šešis kartus, turbinai dirbant įvairiuose režimuose, kompiuterio pagalba. Parodymai pridėti prieduose. Ištirta turbinos naudingumo koeficiento priklausomybė nuo vandens debito ir jo įtaka P, Q, S parametrams. Pasinaudojus gautais grafikais nustatytas ekonomiškiausias turbinos darbo režimas. Atlikus grafikų analizę galima teigti, kad esant mažam vandens debitui turbinos dirba neekonomiškai. Turbina gali pradėti dirbti tik nuo 5 . Tai parodo, kad turbinos yra parinktos neekonomiškam darbo režimui. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais siūloma statyti mažesnės galios turbiną. Pateikti ekonominiai skaičiavimai dirbant turbinai, esant mažai vertei yra nuostolinga. Pagrindinis dėmesys atkreiptas į sanitarinį vandeans debitą, kuris yra 0,74 . Esant tokiam vandens debitui siūloma statyti atskirą turbiną kuri dirbtų ekonomiškai ištisus metus.
Магистранскай работе исследованны параметры турбины малой мочносты, имейя виду теоретические расщёты и экспериментальные результаты о также зависимость их от дебета боды. Турбину запускаем разными режимамы, для того чтобы можно было составить график работ P; Q; S; зависимость от дебета боды. Показания снимаем шесть раз при помощи компютера. Показания приложены к дополниением. Исследован коэфициент полезной деятельности , его зависимость от дебета воды, влияния на P; Q; S; параметры. Установлений самый экономический режим. Турбина может работать только от Это показывает, что не правильно падобраны турбины. Предлагаю ставить меньшей мочносты. Представлены расчеты показывает что работа турбин при малой оценки убыточные. Главное внимание обращено на санитарный дебет, который есть Предлагаю поставить турбину на этот режим. Она работала круглый год.
Dunder, Anna y Sandra Söderlund. "Senja utforskar vattnets kretslopp : Ett didaktiskt lärandematerial". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Didaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31441.
Texto completoHolmes, Tania Natasha. "Contribution of the Participatory Forest Management (PFM) intervention to the socio-economic development in the Southern Cape Forests : a retrospective approach". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19603.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) maintains that its people-centred Participatory Forest Management (PFM) program contributes to rural poverty eradication through provision of employment, skills training and sharing of benefits of sustainable forest management. It also asserts that local people in the forested parts of South Africa interactively participate in designing systems and institutions that shape forest resources use and management and hence influence their livelihood strategies. Furthermore, the department asserts that the PFM program has taken off exceptionally well in the Southern Cape Forests than anywhere else in South Africa. This means that local people that inhabit the margins of the Southern Cape Forests benefit from the management of these forests. Consequently, this study set out to investigate the socio-economic contribution of the PFM intervention to the two forest-dwelling communities of Diepwalle and Covie within the Southern Cape Forests. The investigation employed an outcome based evaluation approach and was summative in nature. Data were gathered by conducting a 100% survey of the two communities and also through a workshop. Informal interactions and discussions as well as visual observations were used to verify data as the purpose of the study was to present an unbiased, multi-voiced account of the socio-economic contributions of the PFM intervention to the Diepwalle and Covie communities. The results of this research show that the outcomes of the PFM intervention have not been met in the two communities. It was found that the vast majority of the households in the two communities were not aware at the time of this study of the PFM program. There were at the time of the study no PFM-based incentives for local communities to actively participate in the sustainable use and management of the indigenous forests in the vicinity of Diepwalle and Covie. Almost all the householders in the two communities stressed that they do not benefit from the management of the indigenous forests. The existing management approach followed in the Southern Cape Forests does not appear to have more socio-economic and environmental gains than the conventional approach which excludes local people from the planning, designing, implementation and evaluation of institutions and systems which affect their physical environment. The study recommends, among others, regular evaluation of the PFM program to fast track its successful implementation and to ensure that the National Forests Act of 1998 that establishes PFM is fully implemented to realize the socio-economic benefits of forest conservation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens die Departement Waterwese en Bosbou (DWB) dra die Mensgesentreerde Deelnemende Bosbestuursprogram (Participatory Forest Management of PFM) by tot die uitwissing van armoede op die platteland deur werkverskaffing, vaardigheidsopleiding en die deel in voordele van volhoubare bosbestuur. Die DWB beweer dat inwoners van die woudgebiede van Suid-Afrika deelneem aan die ontwerp van stelsels en instellings wat die gebruik en bestuur van woudhulpbronne vorm en daarom hulle broodwinningstrategieë beïnvloed. Verder voer die DWB aan dat die PFM-program aansienlik beter in die Suid-Kaapse Woude weggespring het as op enige ander plek in Suid-Afrika. Dit beteken dat plaaslike mense wat in buitewyke van die Suid-Kaapse Woude woon, voordeel trek uit die bestuur van die woude. Hierdie studie is onderneem om die sosio-ekonomiese bydrae van die PFM-intervensie tot twee woudgemeenskappe, Diepwalle en Covie, in die Suid-Kaapse Woude te ondersoek. Die ondersoek het 'n uitkomsgebaseerde evaluasiebenadering gevolg en was summatief van aard. Gegewens is deur 'n 100%-opname van die gemeenskappe en tydens 'n werkswinkel versamel. Informele interaksies en besprekings asook visuele waarnemings is gebruik om gegewens te verifieer, omdat die doel van die studie was om 'n onbevooroordeelde, veelstemmige verslag van die sosio-ekonomiese bydraes van die PFM-intervensie tot bogenoemde gemeenskappe daar te stel. Die navorsingsresultate toon dat die uitkomste van die PFM-intervensie nie in die twee gemeenskappe bereik is nie. Die oorgrote meerderheid huishoudings was ten tye van die studie onbewus van die program en daar was geen PFM-gebaseerde aansporings vir plaaslike gemeenskappe om aktief aan die volhoubare gebruik en bestuur van die inheemse woude in die Diepwalle- en Covie-omgewing deel te neem nie. Bykans al die huishouers het benadruk dat hulle geen voordeel uit die bestuur van die inheemse woude trek nie. Geen getuienis is gevind wat bevestig dat bekwaamhede bevorder is as gevolg van die PFM-program nie. Alle deelnemers ontken vaardigheidsontwikkeling wat deur die PFM geinisieer is. Dit blyk dat die bestaande bestuursbenadering wat in die Suid-Kaapse Woude gevolg word, nie meer sosio-ekonomiese en omgewingsvoordele lewer nie as die konvensionele benadering wat plaaslike mense uitsluit van die beplanning, ontwerp, implementering en evaluasie van instellings en stelsels wat hulle fisiese omgewing beïnvloed. Die studie beveel onder andere gereelde evaluasie van die PFM-program aan om die suksesvolle implementering daarvan te bespoedig en te verseker dat die Wet op Nasionale Woude van 1998 volledig geïmplementeer word sodat die sosio-ekonomiese voordele van woudbewaring kan realiseer.
Shajari, Sadegh. "Hydrologie et aménagement : aménagement trans-bassin en Iran ; optimisation de la gestion des ressources en eau". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743948.
Texto completoLe, Meillour Françoise. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la contribution des eaux de surface et de subsurface à la formation des crues : conséquences sur l'hydrogramme d'un bassin versant (application au Real Collobrier)". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694046.
Texto completoTaha, Ammar. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la contribution des eaux infiltrées à la formation des débits des crues en zone méditerranéenne : application à un versant du Real Collobrier". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10052.
Texto completoTempleman, Sally Jane. "Cooks, cooking, and food on the early modern stage". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9824.
Texto completoaf, Malmborg Solith. "Research: ROTHKO : - ett arbete om att lära känna sig själv genom någon annan". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Malmstens Linköpings universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146095.
Texto completoDetta är ett undersökande arbete som vänder sig både inåt och utåt. Det är en djupdykning i Mark Rothkos konstnärskap som sker parallellt med en personlig reflektion. Inledningsvis handlar det om att arbeta i gränslandet mellan konst och design och hurdet kan se ut. I förlängningen handlar det om hur den konstnärliga historien kan fungera som inspiratör och vägledare för innebörd och uttryck i formgivningen. Genom att studera den abstrakta expressionismen och Mark Rothko söker jag svar på hur känslomässig kommunikation kan ske genom färg och form. Förutom litterär research utför jag också en praktiskt undersökning där jag använder måleriet som en metod för att förstå mitt studieobjekt; Mark Rothko. Målet är att översätta Mark Rothkos konst till min design. Det handlar om att studera, internalisera och applicera. Resultatet bjuder in till en diskussion om handlagets, färgens och intentionens betydelse för formgivningen, där jag hävdar att dessa aspekter är viktiga för ett emotionellt berörande resultat, men att kommunikationen förblir individuell.
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Texto completoPing, Sheng-Jia y 馮勝嘉. "Water waves induced by gradually width-varied channel for constant dept". Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18246410869841664126.
Texto completoCorreia, Ricardo Emanuel Sarmento. "Behavioural water resource economics: behavioural applications to the residential water sector". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11509.
Texto completoWater is a natural resource whose scarcity is very likely to rise in the future (Griffin, 2006), in spite of recent breakthroughs regarding the promotion of economic instruments (European Commission, 2007) and governance principles (OECD, 2015), as well as the declaration of water and sanitation as human rights since 2010 (Albuquerque and Roaf, 2012). Behavioural economics has been on the agenda of European Union policies (Van Bavel et al., 2013), however there is no bridge linking these two fields. This thesis focuses on this unexplored relationship, suggesting behavioural water resource economics. Firstly, after the general introduction on chapter 1, a literature review is conducted on chapter 2 where four seminal ideas of behavioural economic applications to water management are identified: reference block pricing, asymmetric elasticities, reference transaction, and social comparison using reference consumption. Chapter 3 contributes to a profile of Portuguese residential water consumers, especially focused on consumer perceptions. Consumers appear to exhibit some misperceptions and low awareness of average price and monthly water consumption, although they exhibit high awareness of their bill. Chapter 4 continues to explore the effects of consumer perceptions, in this case, on the decision to adopt outdoor and indoor water-saving behaviours, as well as new extensions to modern billing standards, such as direct debit payment and electronic billing. The findings of chapter 3 lead to the study of factors influencing the consumer’s probability to have reference points (for the average water price, monthly water consumption and bill). Overall, the behavioural findings suggest that price (un)fairness plays a role on water choices. Moreover, results show a perceived price fairness (PPF) effect that affects the reference point about water price, a novelty in the literature. Additionally, the factors driving the decision to prefer to drink tap water are analysed. Consumer perception about price fairness seem to influence this choice. These last evidences lead to the development of a conceptual framework to systematically measure PPF, as a global index, on chapter 5. This study proposes a conceptual model and variables to measure the determinants of PPF: price clarity, distributive fairness, consistent behaviour, price reliability, price honesty, respect and regard for the partner and fair dealing. Chapter 6 presents a new discrete/continuous model for consumer choice with reference-dependent preferences. The main theoretical results are based on three scenarios of reference points. In the case where the first block is a reference point,consumers in the second block will suffer a loss effect which will decrease their consumption. When the second block is the reference, the first-block consumers will increase their consumptions influenced by a gain effect. In the last case, when the reference is the average price, "bunching" will occur around the point where block shifts happen. Finally, chapter 7 discusses the main contributions. Overall, these contributions may be helpful to reshape water management and consequently water policies, through the use of behavioural findings. This work advocates a holistic approach of neoclassical and behavioural theories and further avenues to promote sustainable water consumption are proposed.
A água é um recurso natural que se encontra sobre risco de escassez no futuro (Griffin, 2006), apesar dos avanços recentes quer na promoção do uso de instrumentos económicos (European Commission, 2007) e de princípios de governance (OECD, 2015), bem como na declaração da água e do saneamento como direitos humanos desde 2010 (Albuquerque and Roaf, 2012). A economia comportamental tem sido tema central na agenda política da União Europeia (Van Bavel et al., 2013), contudo não existe nenhuma ponte que unifique estas áreas. Esta tese centra-se nesta relação inexplorada sugerindo a economia comportamental aplicada aos recursos hídricos. Em primeiro lugar, após a introdução geral do capítulo 1, é realizada uma revisão da literatura no capítulo 2 e são identificadas quatro ideias seminais de aplicações económicas comportamentais na gestão dos recursos hídricos: bloco tarifário de referência, elasticidades assimétricas, transação de referência, e comparação social usando um consumo de referência. O capítulo 3 contribui para definir um perfil dos consumidores domésticos portugueses de água, especialmente sobre as suas perceções. No geral, conclui-se que os consumidores apresentam algumas perceções que divergem da realidade, tendo reduzido nível de conhecimento sobre o preço médio e o consumo mensal de água percebidos. No entanto, apresentam um elevado nível de conhecimento da sua conta de água mensal (CAM). O capítulo 4 continua a explorar os efeitos da perceção do consumidor, neste caso, na adoção de comportamentos de poupança de água em usos exteriores e interiores, bem como novas extensões aos hábitos modernos de pagamento, tais como a utilização de débito direto e de fatura eletrónica. Adicionalmente, os fatores que determinam a decisão de beber preferencialmente água da torneira são analisados, sendo que a perceção sobre o preço ser justo parece influenciar moderadamente a escolha de beber água da torneira. As evidências do capítulo 3 fomentaram a análise dos fatores que influenciam a probabilidade do consumidor ter ou não pontos de referência (i.e., preço médio de água, consumo de água mensal e CAM percebidos). As evidências comportamentais sugerem que a (in)justiça de preço percebida afeta os comportamentos analisados, bem como a existência de um efeito de justiça de preço percecionada (JPP) que afeta o ponto de referência relativo ao preço da água e constitui uma novidade na literatura. Estas últimas evidências incentivaram o desenvolvimento de um quadro conceptual para medir sistematicamente a JPP, sob a forma de um índice global, de acordo com o capítulo 5. Este estudo propõe um modelo conceptual de JPP e variáveis para medir os seus determinantes, nomeadamente: clareza do preço, justiça distributiva, comportamento consistente, credibilidade do preço, honestidade do preço, respeito e consideração pela contraparte e tratamento justo. O capítulo 6 apresenta um novo modelo de escolha discreta/contínua com preferências baseadas em referências. Os principais resultados teóricos são baseados em três cenários de pontos de referência. No caso do primeiro bloco como ponto de referência, os consumidores no segundo bloco sofrem um efeito de perda que os fará diminuir os seus consumos. Quando o segundo bloco é a referência, os consumidores do primeiro bloco irão aumentar o seu consumo devido a um efeito de ganho. No último caso, quando a referência é o preço médio baseada nos dois blocos anteriores irá ocorrer uma situação de "concentração" em torno do ponto onde as mudanças de bloco ocorrem. Finalmente, o capítulo 7 resume as principais contribuições. Esta tese constitui um contributo que poderá ser útil para reformular a gestão dos recursos hídricos, e consequentemente, as políticas públicas de água, através da utilização de evidências comportamentais. Este trabalho advoga uma abordagem holística das teorias neoclássica e comportamental e propõe novas direções de investigação para promover o consumo sustentável da água.
The author acknowledges financial support from FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Science and Technology Foundation), projects PTDC/EGEECO/114477/2009 and PEst-OE/EGE/UI0315/2011. He also acknowledges the individual scholarship, SFRH/BD/77809/2011 scholarship from FCT.
Thobejane, Matsebe Jerry. "Evaluation of the role of stakeholders in the development of the Water Resource Classification System policy". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11016.
Texto completo“Water will be the scarce resources in the 21st century.” This vision was brought to the South African Government’s attention after the Water Research Commission (WRC) conducted extensive research as illustrated in the WRC’s Annual report for 2007/8. According to the WRC, the research aimed to enlighten decision and policy makers to take precautionary measures that will help guarantee that water resources are “protected, used, developed, conserved, and managed in a sustainable manner”. Hence, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) has started developing the Water Resource Classification System to mitigate the anticipated challenge envisioned. Among others, the WRC’s findings guided the development of this policy. On the other hand, the South African Constitution, 1996 states that, “people have the right to environment which is not harmful to the citizen”. Other legislation, such as the National Environmental Management Act (1998), the National Water Act, 1998 and the Water Services Act, 1997 echoed the same sentiment. The National Water Act, 1998 served as basis for a National Water Resources Strategy as a framework to guide the entire Water Resource Classification System policy process (Chapter 2: Part 1 of the National Water Act, 1998. Section 195 (e) of the South African Constitution, 1996, highlights that “people’s needs must be responded to, and the public must be encouraged to participate in the policy making”. Thus, the role of stakeholder participation in the DWAF Water Resource Classification System (WRCS) was chosen as a topic for investigation to inform policy makers as well as to identify policy defects. The research project aimed to evaluate the level of stakeholder participation in developing policy, as well as identifying and assessing the nature, influence and levels of their participation. It was established that broad stakeholder participation was a critical success factor during this policy development process. However, the WRCS was finalised based only on the information gathered from a few stakeholders. It should be noted that when water classification was undertaken the environmental issues were considered in such a way that the classification process does not in one way or another compromise the environment in general and is not detrimental to ecosystems in particular. According to the National Water Act, 1998, water is classified in three categories, namely minimally, moderately and heavily. In other countries water is treated as just another natural resource, but in South Africa water is treated as government’s scarce resource. This study investigated the importance of stakeholder participation as a key to policy development in a democratic state and concluded that better participation would have enhanced citizen ownership and shaping the policy concerned.
Maila, Hudson Moloto. "Performance management and service delivery in the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF)". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2220.
Texto completoPublic Administation
M.Tech. (Public Management)
Bell, Nadene Joy. "A needs assessment for an employee assistance programme (EAP) for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in the Northern Province". Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/946.
Texto completoSocial Work
M.A.(Socal Science)