Tesis sobre el tema "Water and Energy limited"
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Tobin, Erik y Linnéa Tjernström. "Potential for cultivation of Miscanthus x Giganteus for biofuel production in different climate zones : with a changing climate and limited water resources". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139099.
Texto completoMiscanthus Giganteus är ett snabbväxande perennt gräs med C4-fotosyntes samt en lovande kandidat som resurs i tillverkandet av andra generationens biobränslen. Denna studie syftar till att bestämma den långsiktiga hållbarheten av odling av denna växt i olika klimatzoner ur ett vattenbalansperspektiv. CoupModel, en datamodell som simulerar systemet “jord-planta-atmosfär”, används för att simulera M. Giganteus och dess tillväxt över en 30-årsperiod för fyra platser i Europa vilka alla representerar en klimatzon. Ett framtida klimatscenario som bygger på historisk klimatdata tillsammans med projektioner för framtida månatliga förändringar i temperatur och nederbörd, framtaget av HadCM3 för IPCC:s utsläppsscenario A2, tas sedan fram och används för att göra ytterligare en simulering för varje plats. Plantans tillväxt, skörd och vattenbalans för varje simulation analyseras och jämförs. De högsta skördarna och högst vattenanvändningseffektivitet uppnås i de varmaste klimaten, men de mest hållbara zonerna för odling av M. Giganteus när vattenbalansen tas hänsyn till är zonerna med mest nederbörd. Dfb-zonen, med fuktigt inlandsklimat, och Cfa-zonen med fuktigt subtropiskt klimat bedöms vara långsiktigt hållbara för odling av M. Giganteus.
Markwell, Darryl. "Improvements in sustainable energy and water practice in the food processing industry : an in depth analysis of the manufacture of Ghee at the Butter Producers' Cooperative Federation Limited, Brisbane". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/27661/1/Darryl_Markwell_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoMarkwell, Darryl. "Improvements in sustainable energy and water practice in the food processing industry : an in depth analysis of the manufacture of Ghee at the Butter Producers' Cooperative Federation Limited, Brisbane". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/27661/.
Texto completoLukamba-Muhiya, Jean-Marc. "Solar water heaters in South Africa : limits and prospects". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6928.
Texto completoThe objective of this study was to investigate the use of solar water healers (SWH) in South Africa, and identify policies and measures that would promote their use. It has been found that conditions are appropriate for the development and use of SWH in South Africa. but the current market for this technology still remains small. The findings of survey data collected in Lwandle shows that the interviewees appreciate the use of SWH technology provided by the local authorities. However, they complained of problems during winter, as there was no backup system for these units. This was considered as one of the limitations of the project. A comparative analysis between solar home systems (SHS) and solar water heaters in South Africa was made. The findings showed that SHS is well disseminated compared to SWH. The electrification programs in the country accelerated the dissemination of SHS. Government and Eskom are fully committed to the project with significant investments on the electrification in the remote areas. On the other hand, SWH were not financially or subsidised by the government. International donors and NGO's are still promoting the use of this technology. These two technologies are still expensive for many people in South Africa. Furthermore, SHS were subsidised while SWH were not and this has affected the dissemination of SWH in the country. This study gives some recommendations for policies and measures for the future wider dissemination of SWH in South Africa.
Antonelli, Anna Giulia. "An experimental study of water BLEVE". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Buscar texto completoBenichou, Léo. "Future Energy Supply, Simulations with Limited Resources". Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-43733.
Texto completoSavage, Christopher. "Derivation of line charge algorithms for Alpine Energy Limited". University of Canterbury. Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9166.
Texto completoNilsson, Hanna y Sandra Johansson. "Renewable energy water pump". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4171.
Texto completoMålet med det här projektet är att bygga ett tillförlitligt pumpsystem som inte är beroende av elektricitet eller icke förnyelsebara bränslen. Pumpen ska klara att pumpa 50-100 liter per dygn till en höjd av 10 meter. Konstruktionen ska placeras i indianbyn El Vergel i Amazonas, Colombia. Pumpen ska pumpa orent vatten till vattenreningstunnor de månader som invånarna i byn inte har tillgång till regnvatten.
Olika koncept arbetades fram och utvärderades. Det som valdes var en cykeldriven vattenpump, vilken uppfyllde alla krav.
Pumpens axel är kopplad till bakhjulets fälg med en kilrem. När tramporna snurrar så överförs kraften från det främre kugghjulet till det bakre med cykelkedjan och sen med kilremmen från fälgen till pumpaxeln. Konstruktionen är enkel och den är lätt att laga om den går sönder. Resultaten är en tillförlitlig pump som pumpar med ett jämt flöde.
Teletar, Ä°brahim Emre. "Coding and multiaccess for the energy limited Rayleigh fading channel". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14759.
Texto completoAlam, Ahmad Mahbubul. "Energy efficiency-spectral efficiency tradeoff in interference-limited wireless networks". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0028/document.
Texto completoOne of the used strategies to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) of cellular network is to reuse the frequency bandwidth over relatively small areas. The major issue in this case is higher interference, decreasing the energy efficiency (EE). In addition to the higher bandwidth, densification of the networks (e.g. small cells or multi-user multiple input single output, MU-MISO) potentially increases the area spectral efficiency (ASE). The total energy consumption of the wireless networks increases due to the large amount of circuit power consumed by the dense network structures, leading to the decrease of EE. In this thesis, the EE-SE achievable region is characterized in a hexagonal cellular network considering several frequency reuse factors (FRF), as well as shadowing. The EE-ASE region is also studied using Poisson point processes (PPP) to model the MU-MISO network with signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) precoder. Different base station (BS) densities and different number of BS antennas with static power consumption are considered.The EE-SE region in a hexagonal cellular network for different FRF, both with and without shadowing is first characterized. When shadowing is considered in addition to the path loss, the ε-SE-EE tradeoff is proposed as an outage measure for performance evaluation. The EE-SE curves have a large linear part, due to the static power consumption, followed by a sharp decreasing EE, since the network is homogeneous and interference-limited. The results show that FRF of 1 for regions close to BS and higher FRF for regions closer to the cell edge improve the EE-SE optimal point. Moreover, better EE-SE tradeoff can be achieved with higher outage values. Besides, FRF of 1 is the best choice for very high outage value due to the significant signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) decrease.In downlink, precoders are used in space division multiple access (SDMA) MU-MISO cellular networks to improve the SINR. Stochastic geometry has been intensively used to analyse such a complex system. A closed-form expression for ASE in asymptotic regime, i.e. number of antennas and number of users grow to infinity, has been derived using random matrix theory and stochastic geometry. BSs and users are modeled by two independent PPP and SLNR precoder is used at BS. EE is then derived from a linear power consumption model. Monte Carlo simulations show that the analytical expressions are tight even for moderate number of antennas and users. Moreover, the EE-ASE curves have a large linear part before a sharply decreasing EE, as observed for hexagonal network. The results also show that SLNR outperforms the zero-foring (ZF) precoder, which is typically used in literature. Numerical results for SLNR show that deploying more BS or a large number of BS antennas increase ASE, but the gain depends on the BS-user density ratio and on the number of antennas when user density is fixed. EE increases only when the increase in ASE dominates the increase of the power consumption per unit area. On the other hand, when the user density increases, ASE in interference-limited region can be improved by deploying more BS without sacrificing EE and the ergodic rate of the users
Rabie, Ahmed Ibrahim El Said. "Nonlinear estimation of water network demands form limited measurement information". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3132.
Texto completoCollins, Daniel B. G. (Daniel Benjamin Gardiner) 1976. "Geomorphology and ecohydrology of water-limited ecosystems : a modeling approach". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38559.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 117-129).
The role of vegetation in shaping landforms and how these landforms respond to disturbances are the subjects of this work. A numerical model is developed to help develop a mechanistic understanding of the hydrological, ecological and geomorphic interactions in water-limited ecosystems. The growth of vegetation suppresses increases in runoff, thus reducing erosion efficiency and increasing topographic slopes as rainfall increases in dry climates. Moving along a climatic gradient to wetter climates leads to the point where the effect of vegetation is overwhelmed by increasing runoff, thus erosion efficiency increases and slopes decrease. This transition in vegetation controls translates into a minimum in drainage density for a semi-arid climate. Erosion efficiency is also affected by down-slope increases in vegetation, fostered by subsurface flow, an effect that reduces channel concavity. Plant characteristics also play a role in erosion by changing the variability of the vegetative effects. Comparing regions with the same fractional vegetation cover, those with faster growing or deeper rooted plants have greater erosion efficiencies.
(cont.) The landforms' responses to disturbances depend largely on the recovery time, which in turn depends on the climate and successional characteristics of the vegetation. The erosional response to sustained changes in mean annual rainfall depends on the magnitude and direction of the change as well as on the mean rainfall prior to the change. This means that landscapes most sensitive to erosion differ depending on whether rainfall increases or decreases. Hence, a landscape's sensitivity to erosion is a function of present state as well as change in climate. A second model explores the ecohydrological determinants of plant rooting strategies. Emphasis was placed on soil moisture, and on the factors that govern moisture availability. Results are consistent with observations, and show how rooting depth may respond to environmental factors that determine infiltration depth. Roots are deeper in coarser soils, and in wetter and cooler climates. For a given total rainfall, roots are deeper also where storms are shorter and more frequent.
by Daniel B.G. Collins.
Ph.D.
Tony. "Link Scheduling in Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks with Limited Harvested Energy". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85547.
Texto completoNyathi, Nongezile Sibhekile. "Water conservation through energy conservation". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08282007-124154.
Texto completoAccompanied by a CD-ROM: Appendix B. Cooling tower model results. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
Savulescu, L. E. "Simultaneous energy and water minimisation". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504684.
Texto completoDai, Tinglong. "Inventory management in the face of a limited storage capacity /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202006%20DAI.
Texto completoMohan, Janani. "Dynamic Task Allocation in Robot Swarms with Limited Buffer and Energy Constraints". Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1230.
Texto completoZakkour, Paul Daniel. "Energy use versus water quality : evaluating strategies for a sustainable energy future in the water industry". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397938.
Texto completoWanjiru, Evan. "Optimal energy-water nexus management in residential buildings incorporating renewable energy, efficient devices and water recycling". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61465.
Texto completoThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Hub for Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management (EEDSM)
University of Pretoria
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
Abdallah, Adel M. "Heterogeneous Water and Energy End-Uses and Implications for Residential Water and Energy Conservation and Management". DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1313.
Texto completoBaillie, Craig Peter. "Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district". University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001406/.
Texto completoJIA, Xuexiu. "EXTENDED METHODOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATER-RELATED ENERGY ASSESSMENT ADDRESSING WATER QUALITY". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433451.
Texto completoClark, Sylvia. "Water-power and water-supply : public health as a cause of the decline of water-power". Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256256.
Texto completoEden, Robert David. "Water hyacinth as an energy resource". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104807/.
Texto completoGay, Alanis Leon F. "Measuring Energy Efficiency of Water Utilities". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34231.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Monckton, Rhiannon. "Low energy electron interactions with water". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/low-energy-electron-interactions-with-water(c807bd78-59e3-4570-be3c-34feafc01fdf).html.
Texto completoGutierrez, Cori Omar. "Relationship and feedback between LULC changes and hydroclimatic variability in Amazonia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS123.
Texto completoThe Amazon rainforest plays a vital role by functioning as a regulator of the climate system and as the main terrestrial carbon sink. It drives hydroclimatic processes and mitigates the effects of droughts through vegetation-atmosphere coupling. Indeed, Amazon forests have the potential to impact rainfall patterns through biophysical processes like water recycling. However, these capacities have been reduced during the last decades due to disturbances in the climate-vegetation system together with the intensification of droughts. All this has accentuated a process of biophysical transition from a predominantly forested ecosystem to a Savanna. Therefore, given these complexities, understanding the direction of changes is of vital importance.Using multiple datasets and the coupled ORCHIDEE and LMDZ models, this thesis delves into the study of the interactions between Amazon hydroclimatology and vegetation. In addition, it seeks to expand our understanding of modifications in the vegetation-atmosphere system and its links with climate and LULC changes. Likewise, taking into account the increasing rates of deforestation, it investigates the effects and feedback resulting from a large-scale forest loss scenario on hydrological processes.The results show that, over the southwestern Amazon, forests undergo a transition from being influenced by energy availability to depending on water availability throughout the year. During the rainy season, vegetation growth is primarily influenced by energy availability rather than water availability. Nevertheless, outside of this period, forests respond positively to precipitation and terrestrial water storage, suggesting that vegetation is primarily dependent on water supply. However, a spatial analysis reveals that recent deforestation modifies these transitions and destabilizes the natural balance in the climate-vegetation system.The nature of these imbalances in the Amazon is not entirely clarified. Through an approach based on the relationships of water/energy fluxes and vegetation conditions over the last four decades, it is explored whether these changes are intrinsic to climate variability or are driven by anthropogenic processes. 67% of the southwestern Amazon has experienced a transition towards a predominantly dry state due to climatic factors (external forcing), while 21% has transitioned towards a state dominated by deforestation (internal forcing). However, external and internal forcings are not independent processes, as both mechanisms drive changes simultaneously. By weighing the magnitudes of these forcings, we show that the synergies have led 74% of the southwestern Amazon toward a state of greater water stress. Nevertheless, during recent years, although combined external-internal processes continue to exert significant control over changes, 30% of these are strictly dominated by internal forcing. This suggests that internal processes are playing an increasingly relevant role in the transition towards a state characterized by high forest water stress, especially in areas where deforestation and anthropogenic pressure are increasing.Using the coupled ORCHIDEE and LMDZ models, the effects of projected Amazon deforestation by 2050 on the hydrological cycle and dryness are examined. Deforestation decreases precipitation, reduces evapotranspiration and increases runoff. Furthermore, deforestation accentuates water stress especially in the southwestern Amazon (positive feedback). Water demands in the atmosphere, on the land surface and even in the soil root zone intensify during the dry season. During the wet season, the deficit of specific atmospheric humidity becomes even more acute towards the tropical Andes over the Altiplano region. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the possible effects of massive forest removal on the water availability and resilience of the Amazon in a context where changes are occurring at an accelerated rate
Yu, Kevin L. "Persistent Monitoring with Energy-Limited Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Assisted by Mobile Recharging Stations". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83493.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Commercially available Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), especially multi-rotor aircrafts, have a flight time of less than 30 minutes. However many UAV applications, such as surveillance, package delivery, and infrastructure monitoring, require much longer flight times. To address this problem, we present a system in which an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) can recharge the UAV during deployments. This thesis studies the problem of finding when, where, and how much to recharge the battery. We also allow for the UGV to recharge while moving from one site to another. We present an algorithm that finds the paths for the UAV and UGV to visit a set of points of interest in the least time possible. We also present algorithms for cases when the UGV is slower than the UAV, and more than one UGV may be required. We evaluate our algorithms through simulations and proof-of-concept experiments.
Hoover, Joseph Hamilton. "THE ARIZONA WATER-ENERGY NEXUS: ELECTRICITY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193342.
Texto completoSølvskudt, Ida Oyen y Birthe Sønning. "Norwegian Marine Energy Industry : To What Extent Can Norway Develop a Marine Energy Industry with a Limited Home Market?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21068.
Texto completoAl-Qudah, Hussein. "Optimal irrigation management under conditions of limited water supply in the Jordan Valley". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243295.
Texto completoMcPherson, E. Gregory. "Southwestern Landscaping that Saves Energy and Water". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144823.
Texto completoIllustrated guidelines for energy and water conservation for landscaping in the southwestern area of the United States, along with the landscaping design process.Includes appendix on tree, shrub and vine characteristics and requirements. (62 pages.)
Hartwig, Gerhard Rudolf. "Grey water reclamation utilising solar thermal energy". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85631.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to obtain clean drinkable water from treated sewage effluent by using a solar-powered distillation cycle. Technologies and concepts were borrowed from the solar desalination industry to propose a unique circular distillation cell design. From the design, a specific mathematical correlation was developed to predict the distillate mass flow rate by using only evaporation and condensation temperature as inputs. This model was incorporated into a simulation model built using Transient System Simulation software. Long-term simulations were carried out to determine the operating capabilities of the design. A prototype was successfully constructed and operated. Experimental results indicated good agreement with the mass flow rate mathematical correlation. Water quality levels were tested against the South African National Standard 241 national drinking water quality standard. Four quality parameters are outside acceptable levels. Evidence suggested that acceptable quality levels could be reached. The circular distillation cell design is a major contribution made by this research. Another contribution is the simulation model capable of predicting an output for different locations. Finally, the proposed prototype is potentially a very valuable device contributing towards the reduction of consumer demand in terms of water and energy as well as the household load on the wastewater treatment system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om te beskryf hoe behandelde rioolwater deur middel van ’n son aangedrewe distillasiesisteem gesuiwer kan word om drinkbare water as eindproduk te lewer. Die nodige tegnologieë en konsepte is oorgeneem uit kommersiële sonaangedrewe ontsoutingsisteme om met ’n unieke ontwerp voorendag te kom wat uit ’n sirkelvormige natuurlike konveksie distillasiesel bestaan. Met behulp van hierdie ontwerp is ’n wiskundige korrelasie ontwikkel om die gesuiwerde water se massavloei te bepaal. Slegs die verdampings- en kondensasietemperature word as insetwaardes gebruik om die massavloei te bereken. ’n Simulasiemodel is met behulp van die Transient System Simulation programmatuur gebou. Die wiskundige korrelasie is by die simulasiemodel geïnkorporeer om langtermynsimulasies te kan uitvoer. Voorts is ’n demonstrasiemodel suksesvol gebou en aangedryf. Eksperimentele resultate toon goeie ooreenstemming met die simulasieresultate. Die gesuiwerde water se gehalte is met die nationale SANS 241 drinkwaterstandaard as maatstaf getoets. Slegs vier gehalteparameters val buite die aanvaarbare vlakke, hoewel dit blyk dat hierdie elemente wel tot aanvaarbare vlakke verlaag kan word. Hierdie navorsing se grootstet bydrae is die ontwerp van die unieke sirkelvormige distillasiesel. ’n Bykomende bydra is die aanpasbaarheid van die simulasiemodel sodat dit produksievermoë op verskillende plekke kan voorspel. Die demonstrasiemodel is ’n potensieel waardevolle ontwerp wat kan bydra tot die verlaging in verbruikersaanvraag na water en energie. ’n Ontwerp van hierdie aard kan die las wat huishoudings op suiweringaanlegte vir rioolwater plaas, verlig.
Lee, Sojeong. "Water and energy resource dependence and conflict". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6458.
Texto completoPICINARDI, Alberto. "Cogeneration of cooling energy and fresh water". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/883.
Texto completoPICINARDI, Alberto. "Cogeneration of cooling energy and fresh water". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/222125.
Texto completoTelci, Ilker Tonguc. "Optimal water quality management in surface water systems and energy recovery in water distribution networks". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45861.
Texto completoMagagna, Davide. "Oscillating water column wave pump : a wave energy converter for water delivery". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349009/.
Texto completoSainz, Gabriel. "The Zambezi River Basin: Water Resources Management : Energy-Food-Water nexus approach". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159566.
Texto completoJeong, Seung Hyo. "The Impact of Water-Energy Feedback on Water Conservation at Residence Halls". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23729.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Zhu, Yiwen. "A methodology to pre-screen commercial buildings for potential energy savings using limited information". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3179.
Texto completoKong, Chim Chan. "Project management control : a case study of the Macau Water Supply Company Limited (S.A.A.M.)". Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636727.
Texto completoWibowo, Rulianda Purnomo. "Optimal irrigation strategy with limited water availability accounting for the risk from weather uncertainty". Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34148.
Texto completoDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Nathan P. Hendricks
Risk averse farmers face a substantial challenge managing irrigation water when they face limited water availability. The two primary reasons for limited water availability in the High Plains Aquifer region of the United States are limited well capacity (i.e., the rate at which groundwater can be extracted) or a constraint imposed by a policy. In this dissertation, I study how risk averse farmers optimally manage limited water availability in the face of weather uncertainty and also the impact of limited water availability on farmer welfare. I use AquaCrop, a daily biophysical crop simulation model, to predict corn yield under alternative irrigation scenarios with historical weather. Since no simple functional form exists for the crop production function, I use discrete optimization and consider 234,256 potential irrigation strategies. I also account for risk preferences by using expected utility analysis to determine the optimal irrigation strategy. Using a daily biophysical model is important because water stress in a short period of the growing season can impact crop yield (even if average water availability throughout the growing season is sufficient) and well capacity is a constraint on daily water use. The daily biophysical crop simulation model accounts for the dynamic response of crop production to water availability. First, I examine how optimal irrigation strategies change due to limited water availability. I find that it is never optimal for irrigators to apply less than a particular minimum instantaneous rate per irrigated acre. An optimal required instantaneous rate implies that a farmer with a low well capacity focuses on adjustment at the extensive margin. On the other hand, farmers who initially have a high well capacity should adjust at the intensive margin in response to well capacity declining. I also find that total water use increases as the degree of risk aversion increases. More risk averse farmers increase water use by increasing irrigation intensity to reduce the variance in corn yields. Another important finding is that a higher well capacity could actually promote less water use because the higher well capacity allows a greater instantaneous rate of application that allows the farmer to decrease irrigation intensity while still maintaining or increasing corn yield. This finding may imply an accelerated rate of groundwater extraction when the groundwater depletion reaches a particular threshold. Second, I analyze the welfare loss due to limited water availability. The relationship between welfare loss and well capacity due to a policy constraint differs by soil type. I found the welfare loss from a water constraint policy does not always increase as well capacity increases. Farmers with very high well capacity may make small or no adjustment at the extensive margin due to a higher instantaneous rate and higher soil water holding capacity. However, that is not the case for a farmer with land that has lower soil water holding capacity as the increase in well capacity results in greater welfare loss. I also investigate the effect of risk averse behavior on the magnitude of welfare loss. I found that the welfare loss per unit of reduced water use is lower for the farmer with more risk aversion. Thus, economic models that ignore risk aversion misestimate the cost of reducing water use. Finally, I investigate the incentive for adopting drip irrigation and its effect on water use. I find that a decrease in well capacity increases the benefits of adopting drip irrigation but is not sufficient to overcome the high initial investment cost without government support. While subsidies of the magnitude offered by current U.S. programs are sufficient to induce drip irrigation adoption, I find that such subsidies have the unintended consequence of increasing total water use, particularly for small well capacities.
Bozzi, Federica. "Development of a configurable model for temperature distribution estimation in multifamily houses with limited amount of sensors". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-247899.
Texto completoStults, Erica Suzanne. "Minimizing Water Requirements for Electricity Generation in Water Scarce Areas". Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/265.
Texto completoBarnett, John B. "Addressing Policy Challenges to Woody Biopower Production| Social Acceptance, Biomass Certification and Limited Policy Support". Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10982309.
Texto completoForestlands have been identified as a valuable resource to mitigate climate change due to the biome’s capacity to both sequester greenhouse gases and substitute for fossil fuels. Woody biomass has been proposed as a substitutable input for coal-generated electricity as economies attempt to transition to renewable power while addressing economic development goals. However, increasing the intensity of forest management for energy production has the potential to result in significant ecological, economic and social consequences at local, regional and global scales. In this context, my dissertation explores the capacity of existing policy frameworks to stimulate and support sustainable power production from forest biomaterials. In Chapter Two, I explore the interactions between shifting goals, actors and institutions in influencing incentives that shape today’s policy mix for woody biopower production in Wisconsin. The study’s results reveal that the state’s shifting focus away from using renewable energy as a means to pursue climate change mitigation and energy security goals combined with an absence of supportive coalitions has resulted in the dismantling of support for the woody biopower policy framework. In Chapter Three, I use data from a household survey of Tomahawk, Wisconsin residents to evaluate support for woody biomass production for power generation. Results show that respondents in biomass producing communities are more supportive of biomass sources such as forestry residues and forestry thinnings than dedicated harvesting operations. In addition, the results indicate that using an ecosystem services approach can help explain differences in support between these respondents and provide insights into socially acceptable forms of biomass harvesting operations. Chapter Four evaluates the use of sustainable forest management certification programs as a policy instrument to source sustainable woody biomass. The study evaluated the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) certification programs using bioenergy sustainability criteria found in the academic literature. The analysis shows a deficiency in these programs to address key criteria pertaining to climate change mitigation and would be improved by coupling sustainable forest management programs with bioenergy sustainability schemes such as designed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials.
Kuo, Yenting. "Photocatalytic water splitting". Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12141.
Texto completoDepartment of Chemistry
Kenneth J. Klabunde
New photocatalystic materials Ti-In oxy(nitride) and nanosized Ru-loaded strontium titanate doped with Rh (Ru/SrTiO3:Rh) have been synthesized. The textural and surface characteristic properties were studied by nitrogen BET analysis, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and powder XRD. The photocatalytic properties were enhanced by the binary metal oxides of titanium dioxide and indium oxide. The XRD patterns confirmed the oxygen exchange between two metal oxides during the synthesis. Moreover, the presence of titanium dioxide can help the stabilization of InN during hot NH3(g) treatment. On the other hand, the particle sizes of aerogel prepared Ru/SrTiO3:Rh varied from 12 to 25 nm depended on different Rh doping. A mixture of ethanol and toluene was found to be the best binary solvent for supercritical drying, which yielded a SrTiO3 sample with a surface area of 130 m2 Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under UV-vis light irradiation was achieved by ammonolysis of intimately mixed titanium dioxide and indium oxide at high temperatures. Gas chromatography monitored steadily the formation of hydrogen when sacrificial (methanol or ethanol) were present. XRD patterns confirmed that the photocatalysts maintain crystalline integrity before and after water splitting experiments. Moreover, the presence of InN may be crucial for the increase of hydrogen production activities. /g and an average crystallite size of 6 nm. These Ru/SrTiO3:Rh photocatalysts have been studied for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. The band gap of the bulk SrTiO3 (3.2 eV) does not allow response to visible light. However, after doping with rhodium and loaded with ruthenium, the modified strontium titanates can utilize light above 400 nm due to the formation of valence band or electron donor levels inside of the band gap. Moreover, the surface areas of these photocatalysts are much larger than conventional solid-state synthesized samples (1-2 m 2/g), which yielded more Ru loading and reaction sites. The areogel and hydrothermal synthesized samples required basic (alkaline) conditions for hydrogen generation facilitation compared with acidic conditions for conventional solid-state samples.
Mo, Weiwei. "Water's Dependence on Energy: Analysis of Embodied Energy in Water and Wastewater Systems". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4374.
Texto completoHastie, Michele. "Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384.
Texto completoCohen, R. R. "Thermal energy accumulation in stratified hot water stores". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4195.
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