Literatura académica sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Reichardt, Rick. "REGULATORY ISSUES WITH DAIRY WASTEWATER". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701785019272.
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Klaucans, Elvis y Karlis Sams. "Problems with Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) in Food Industry Wastewaters and Recovered FOG Recycling Methods Using Anaerobic Co-Digestion: A Short Review". Key Engineering Materials 762 (febrero de 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.61.
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Food production industry is the main producer of wastewaters with high fat, oil, and grease (FOG) content. FOG waste can be recovered from the wastewater stream by using physicochemical methods and reused considering their high methane potential. Popular method of FOG reuse is anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with wastewater treatment sludge and scum from the primary wastewater sedimentation tanks. This short review focuses on understanding the efficiency of FOG reuse possibilities by AcoD and takes a closer look at problems connected to degradation issues, gives an understanding on microbial changes during FOG degradation, and reviews enzymes involved in the degradation process.
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Jacangelo, J. G. y R. R. Trussell. "International report: water and wastewater disinfection - trends, issues and practices". Water Supply 2, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2002): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0097.
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The prevention of waterborne diseases since the early part of this century can be attributed, in great part, to routine disinfection of water and wastewater. Issues surrounding disinfection differ from country to country. The objective of this paper is to provide an international report on water and wastewater disinfection practices. A background and history of disinfection is presented, followed by a discussion of microorganisms of concern in water and wastewater, disinfection practices, and issues and developments in specific countries. Additionally, selected similarities and differences between water and wastewater disinfection practices will be discussed. The information presented is based, in part, on the national reports on disinfection of water and wastewater that were submitted by 22 countries (Table 1); other information cited was obtained from the literature.
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Zhao, Shou Gang, Na Li y Bojin Hao. "Sustainable Wastewater Reuse Technique for Irrigation". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (junio de 2014): 2419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2419.
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Wastewater reuse has drawn increasing attention worldwide as an integral part of water resource management due to increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness. At present, wastewater was mainly applied in agriculture irrigation in many countries. But wastewater reuse also will bring with a series of issues, such as environmental impacts and human being health risk. How to ensure sustainable wastewater reuse for irrigation is a very important issue. The essay analysed technique support and management strategy of sustainable wastewater reuse for irrigation.
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Rueda Márquez, Juan, Irina Levchuk y Mika Sillanpää. "Application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment: A Review". Catalysts 8, n.º 12 (19 de diciembre de 2018): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120673.
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Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is emerging as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) of significant promise, which is mainly due to its efficiency for the decomposition of recalcitrant organic compounds in industrial and urban wastewaters and relatively low operating costs. In current study, we have systemised and critically discussed the feasibility of CWPO for industrial and urban wastewater treatment. More specifically, types of catalysts the effect of pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the efficiency of CWPO were taken into consideration. The operating and maintenance costs of CWPO applied to wastewater treatment and toxicity assessment were also discussed. Knowledge gaps were identified and summarised. The main conclusions of this work are: (i) catalyst leaching and deactivation is one of the main problematic issues; (ii) majority of studies were performed in semi-batch and batch reactors, while continuous fixed bed reactors were not extensively studied for treatment of real wastewaters; (iii) toxicity of wastewaters treated by CWPO is of key importance for possible application, however it was not studied thoroughly; and, (iv) CWPO can be regarded as economically viable for wastewater treatment, especially when conducted at ambient temperature and natural pH of wastewater.
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Zaffaroni, C., G. Daigger, P. Nicol y T. W. Lee. "Wastewater treatment challenges faced by the petrochemical and refinery industry, and opportunities for water reuse". Water Practice and Technology 11, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2016): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.012.
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Industrial wastewater differs from municipal wastewater. The limits for treated effluent discharge and targets for re-use are typically the same, and derived from the best available technology for municipal wastewater treatment. The main treatment unitary processes are also the same; although proper adaptation to specific, different, industrial wastewater streams is needed. This paper provides some examples of the challenges presented by specific wastewater sources (high total dissolved solids, high temperature, spent caustic, etc.), lack of previous similar experience – e.g., using membrane bioreactors for refinery wastewaters, and/or absorption chillers, and plate and frame heat exchangers) or to legislation protecting sensitive environments (limits on total nitrogen or soluble metals). The methods by which these were faced and overcome to achieve treatment and/or re-use standards are described. General water cycle optimization issues around industrial facilities with appropriate use of existing wastewater treatment units are also discussed, as well as selecting between treated municipal and industrial effluents as sources for water re-use.
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Bazza, M. "Wastewater recycling and reuse in the Near East Region: experience and issues". Water Supply 3, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2003): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0044.
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Wastewater in most countries of the Near East Region (NER) is being more and more recognized as of vital importance to be treated and made safe for reuse. It contributes considerably to the water budget in several countries, particularly those suffering from water scarcity. Treated wastewater is used directly in irrigation of farms or landscape green areas. Limited indirect use includes recharge of groundwater aquifers to control over-draft and salt intrusion in coastal areas. A large share of wastewater is still not treated and part of it is used in an uncontrolled manner, including for the production of uncooked food crops the consumption of which poses health risks. Expansion of treated wastewater reuse in the region is linked to a number of issues and constraints. The high cost of treatment and management of reclaimed wastewater is one of the major limitations facing the week economy of most countries. Unclear polices, institutional conflicts and lack of regulatory frameworks constitute other important constraints that hinder implementation and proper operation of wastewater reuse projects. The manpower capacity is at varying levels between countries, but additional training and capacity strengthening are generally needed throughout the region. This paper gives an overview of the existing practices of wastewater reuse in the NER and of the constraints facing it. It concludes with recommendations and policy options that are likely to lift these constraints and to make a better use of the wastewater potential.
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Ahmad, Imran, Norhayati Abdullah, I. Koji, A. Yuzir y S. E. Mohamad. "Potential of Microalgae in Bioremediation of Wastewater". Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2021): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10616.413-429.
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The increase in global pollution, industrialization and fast economic progress are considered to inflict serious consequences to the quality and availability of water throughout the world. Wastewater is generated from three major sources, i.e. industrial, agricultural, and municipal which contain pollutants, such as: xenobiotics, microplastics, heavy metals and augmented by high amount of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen compounds. Wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues since it cannot be achieved by any specific technology because of the varying nature and concentrations of pollutants and efficiency of the treatment technologies. The degradation capacity of these conventional treatment technologies is limited, especially regarding heavy metals, nutrients, and xenobiotics, steering the researchers to bioremediation using microalgae (Phycoremediation). Bioremediation can be defined as use of microalgae for removal or biotransformation of pollutants and CO2 from wastewater with concomitant biomass production. However, the usage of wastewaters for the bulk cultivation of microalgae is advantageous for reducing carbon, nutrients cost, minimizing the consumption of freshwater, nitrogen, phosphorus recovery, and removal of other pollutants from wastewater and producing sufficient biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other value-added compounds. Several types of microalgae like Chlorella and Dunaliella have proved their applicability in the treatment of wastewaters. The bottlenecks concerning the microalgal wastewater bioremediation need to be identified and elucidated to proceed in bioremediation using microalgae. This objective of this paper is to provide an insight about the treatment of different wastewaters using microalgae and microalgal potential in the treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, with the specialized cultivation systems. This review also summarizes the end use applications of microalgal biomass which makes the bioremediation aspect more environmentally sustainable. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Bandara, N. J. G. J. "Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka". Water Science and Technology 47, n.º 12 (1 de junio de 2003): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0661.
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The primary problems concerning water resources in Sri Lanka are the depletion and degradation of the resource caused by various anthropogenic activities. Surface inland waters in urban areas are polluted heavily with domestic sewage and industrial effluents, and in rural areas with agricultural runoff. With regard to ground water in certain areas of the dry zone, there is a high fluoride content and in hard, rocky, alluvial areas, there is a high concentration of iron. In urban over-crowded cities, there is biological contamination of ground water. Over-utilization, particularly through tube wells, is another major problem affecting ground water resources in Sri Lanka. Oil spills, dumping of waste from ships, coral and sand mining, and industrial activities are the main causes of marine pollution in the country. Except for pipe-borne water supply, irrigation and hydropower schemes, in general water resources in Sri Lanka are managed very poorly. Regulations are available to control most water related problems but enforcement of these regulations is lacking. The ultimate result of degradation and depletion of water resources is the increasing health hazards. Water-borne and vector-borne diseases are prevalent, particularly amongst urban low-income communities with poor sanitary facilities and drainage. Despite government initiatives and legislation, very slow progress has been made towards combating water pollution. This paper examines the most significant water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka and their controlling mechanisms.
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Schafer, Perry y Craig Lekven. "Co-Digestion Issues That Wastewater Agencies are Facing". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, n.º 9 (1 de enero de 2008): 6776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708790893693.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Al-Juaidi, Ahmed E. "Water Allocation for Agricultural Use Considering Treated Wastewater, Public Health Risk, and Economic Issues". DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/239.
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Increasing demand on limited water resources calls for more efficient and improved approaches to maximize the benefits of water use. Typically, agricultural water use has the largest share among all water use sectors. Therefore, finding the best agricultural water management alternatives to maximize profit and reduce financial and other related risks under limited water availability is essential. Treated wastewater is an important alternative source of agricultural water which has the potential to reduce the stress on freshwater sources from urban and industrial sectors. Thus, further research on optimal agricultural water management is needed to find the best management alternatives that address profitability and reduce stress on freshwater supplies, and related risks, by considering the potential use of treated wastewater when available. The overall goal of this work is to address this research need through an integrated methodology that uses irrigation, economics, and environmental and public health principles. This dissertation consists of three parts. The analysis in the first part determines the optimal crop pattern that maximizes profit under limited water supply that can be applied at regional scale farming operations. The goal is to find different alternatives of land and crop patterns that increase profit and reduce financial risk of not achieving a given revenue target. The second part extends the work of the first part to include the use of treated wastewater to reduce the stress on freshwater sources while maximizing profitability and minimizing public health and environmental concerns. The third part evaluates the economic benefits and limitations of using treated wastewater for agriculture on the urban and industrial sectors. This part also discusses other alternatives such as desalination that increase the net economic benefits, reduce the price of water, and assesses the needs in the institutional setting to encourage the use of treated wastewater in agriculture. The Bear River Valley of Utah was used as the study area for the first part of the work. The results showed that crop rotation leads to larger risk decrease more than crop monoculture and diversification cropping systems. Thus, alfalfa-wheat rotation has significant risk advantages over monoculture production and diversification cropping because of enhanced yield and price offsetting ability. The second part of the study used data and information from the Gaza Strip, Palestine, to demonstrate the potential use of treated wastewater given the severe water shortage facing this region. The tradeoff analysis from this work showed that profitability and economic efficiency of water use can be increased significantly compared to the existing conditions through the use of treated wastewater. Groundwater extraction in Gaza can be reduced from 57 to 36 million m3 allowing the corresponding areas of groundwater table below mean sea level to decrease from 76 km2 to 32 km2 as a result of using treated wastewater, indicating significant aquifer recovery. The final part of the analysis also used the Gaza Strip as the case study. The results showed that the benefits of using treated wastewater increase over time as demands increase and water becomes scarce, but the economic value of water does not fall below the seawater desalination cost of $0.60/m3. The urban and industrial water prices reduced significantly when wastewater is used for agriculture. Net benefits from treating and using wastewater far exceed the institutional change costs borne by the corresponding institutions. The work conducted by this dissertation clearly showed that new methods of integrated analysis using the concepts of water allocation, irrigation principles, economics, environmental concerns, and public health risk can be successfully conducted to improve existing agricultural water allocation and management practices in water deficit regions. Also such analyses will provide valuable information and insight leading to better management of valuable water resources that increase profitability in agricultural production while reducing stress on freshwater supplies through the use of alternative sources of water.
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Fattic, Jana R. "Determining the Viability of a Hybrid Experiential and Distance Learning Educational Model for Water Treatment Plant Operators in Kentucky". TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1082.
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Drinking water and wastewater industries are facing a nationwide workforce shortfall of qualified treatment plant operators due to factors including the en masse retirement of baby boomers and the tightening of regulatory requirements regarding the hands-on experience required prior to licensure. Rural areas are hardest hit due to the lack of educational and experiential opportunities available to them within a reasonable proximity. Using a variety of demographic and industry data, a geographic analysis of Kentucky was conducted to assess the viability of the traditional classroom delivery model versus a hybrid experiential and distance learning educational model (HEDLEM). Although this analysis indicates that population density is the dominant indicator for most of the parameters used in this study, the bulk of the workforce needs in the state are distributed throughout rural areas with lower population densities. While the number and geographic distribution of community colleges in the state would appear to support the viability of campus-based workforce development programs, this study demonstrates the limitations of this model in addressing the needs of the water and wastewater workforce, where a significant workplace-associated experiential requirement exists. This limitation is exaggerated in rural areas, which have a demonstrated statewide need. This study indicates that a sufficient recruitment pool exists for the program based on the anticipated
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Lemaire, Cyril. "Identification des paramètres de bioprocédés environnementaux à partir des mesures accessibles issues de la respiration". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2205/document.
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Les bioprocédés environnementaux prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans le paysage industriel mondial. La complexité et la diversité des processus impliqués dans les réactions biologiques de dégradation des polluants limitent considérablement la compréhension et l’utilisation de ces procédés. De plus, les mesures disponibles pour le suivi de cette activité sont souvent hors-ligne et/ou indirectes. Dans ce cadre, les outils de modélisation phénoménologique permettent, via le choix d’hypothèses judicieuses, de lier les observations du système aux processus biologiques sous-jacents. Ces méthodes nécessitent néanmoins l’application d’une étude rigoureuse d’identifiabilité afin de pouvoir exploiter correctement les résultats obtenus. Les modèles ainsi développés permettent de capitaliser des connaissances sur la description des processus biologiques grâce aux mesures effectuées sur le système. Cette approche a été développé au travers de deux cas d’étude, correspondant à deux domaines d’application industrielle. La bioremédiation des sols contaminés aux hydrocarbures constitue la méthode la plus écologique de traitement des sols. Néanmoins, le processus de biodégradation peut être long, voire inexistant en fonction des conditions environnementales. Afin de mesurer l’efficacité de la dégradation, la mesure de la respiration en phase gaz apparaît comme étant l’observation la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. Le problème est que la simple mesure de la consommation d’oxygène est généralement insuffisante. Pour répondre à cette limite, un modèle capable d’expliquer les évolutions du quotient respiratoire apparent grâce aux différentes étapes de la biodégradation a été développé. Cette mesure pourrait alors donner une indication sur l’efficacité de la biodégradation. La seconde partie de ce travail, plus conséquente, s’intéresse à l’épuration des eaux usées par boues activées, elle reprend et amplifie l’approche méthodologique développée pour la biomédiation des sols. L’efficacité de ce traitement des eaux est grandement liée à la production de boues en excès, exprimée par le rendement hétérotrophe. Ce paramètre difficile à maitriser constitue une information primordiale pour la modélisation et la conduite des stations d’épurations. Il apparaît néanmoins que sa définition usuelle ne suffit pas à expliquer ses variations observées. Dans ce cadre, différents modèles phénoménologiques issus des travaux du groupe de travail ASM (Activated Sludge Modeling) ont été étudiés afin de décrire les variations de ce rendement apparent en introduisant les hypothèses réactionnelles liées au stockage du substrat. Une étude expérimentale en laboratoire a permis de confronter ces hypothèses à des mesures de dégradation de substrats purs par des boues activées en respiromètre. L’équilibre entre le stockage du substrat et la croissance bactérienne a ainsi été proposé comme source d’influence majeure sur la valeur du rendement. Ce travail a abouti à une clarification nécessaire de la définition du rendement hétérotropheEnvironmental bioprocesses are gaining importance in the industrial landscape. Nevertheless, the complexity of mechanisms involved in biological reactions stays an issue for their implementation. Moreover, available measurements of biological activity are often off-tine and/or indirect. ln this context, phenomenological modeling tools are a solution to link observations of the system to underlying biological reactions, considering the right hypotheses. These methods require a rigorous sensitivity analysis in order to properly process the results. Thus, the models permit to obtain precise knowledge about biological systems thanks to indirect measurement. This approach was developed throughout two cases of study corresponding to two industrial fields of application. Bioremediation is the most ecological method for hydrocarbons contaminated soils remediation. Nevertheless, biodegradation can be long or absent depending on environmental conditions. In order to measure its efficiency, respiration measurement in the gas phase seems to be the easiest observation to implement. Oxygen measurement can be insufficient on its own, that is why a model able to describe the evolution of the apparent respiratory quotient has been developed considering the different steps of biodegradation. This observation alone could give insights on the efficiency of biodegradation. The second part of this work deals with activated sludge wastewater treatment using the theoretical approach developed for soil bioremediation. The eftïciency ofthe process depends on the excess production of sludge, which is linked to the heterotrophic yield of the reaction. This parameter is a key component for modeling and optimization of wastewater treatment plant. Most of the time, its common definition is not sufficient to explain its observed variations. In this context, several phenomenological models derived from the activated sludge models were studied to explain these variations, taking into account the substrate storage process. An experimental study was conducted in order to confront the reactional hypothesis of the models to actual measurements of single substrate degradations in respirometer. The balance between substrate storage and direct growth was proposed as a main component of the yield value. This study resulted in a necessary clarification of the heterotrophic yield definition
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Bonot, Sébastien. "Persistance et dissémination du plasmide pB10, vecteur de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques, dans des biomasses issues de stations d'épuration d'eaux usées urbaines". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10050/document.
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L’utilisation massive des antibiotiques, depuis les années 50, génère une libération importante de ces molécules dans l’environnement (excrétion via les urines et les fèces) que l’on peut retrouver à des concentrations allant de 1 à 100 ng/L dans les eaux usées urbaines. Parce qu’elle réunit microorganismes résistants et antibiotiques, la station d’épuration d’eaux usées urbaines pourrait être une zone propice au transfert des gènes de résistance. Cependant, avec sa position stratégique à l’interface entre les activités humaines et l’environnement, la station d’épuration pourrait constituer un « rempart » contribuant à limiter leur dissémination dans l’environnement.Les paramètres qui influencent ces transferts dans les stations d’épuration sont encore mal connus, en particulier du fait de limitations méthodologiques. Aussi l’objectif de notre travail était de déterminer les facteurs environnementaux influant sur la stabilité et le transfert d’un élément génétique mobile modèle, le plasmide pB10, dans des communautés bactériennes (biomasses de stations d’épuration et sédiments de rivière) maintenues en microcosmes. Jusqu’à présent, les transferts de gènes de résistance ont été principalement étudiés avec des méthodes reposant sur la culture de microorganismes sur milieux sélectifs, dont nous savons aujourd’hui qu’elles sous-estiment les phénomènes observés. Aussi, nous avons élaboré une approche basée sur la PCR quantitative pour détecter la dissémination d’un ADN mobile modèle amené via une bactérie hôte E. coli DH5α. Les couples amorces/sondes très spécifiques ont pu être élaborés en tirant profit de la structure mosaïque du génome bactérien. L’approche proposée repose sur des mesures comparées du nombre de plasmide pB10 et de son hôte bactérien DH5α au cours du temps, où une augmentation du rapport (pB10/DH5α) implique une dissémination du plasmide vers les bactéries indigènes. Outre l’intérêt du développement méthodologique proposé, cette méthode a permis d’évaluer l’incidence de quelques paramètres environnementaux sur la dissémination d’un ADN au sein de communautés microbiennes complexes. Deux groupes de facteurs ont pu être distingués selon qu’ils influencent la persistance du plasmide pB10 dans les communautés dans son hôte initial (oxygénation/brassage, ajout d’antibiotiques en concentrations sub-inhibitrices comme l’amoxicilline et le sulfaméthoxazole fréquemment retrouvés en station d’épuration) ou/et qu’ils favorisent sa dissémination dans les communautés bactériennes (biofilms, sédiments). Sans induire de transferts génétiques, les antibiotiques testés, même en concentrations sub-létales, pourraient participer à la dissémination de gènes de résistance en favorisant leur persistanceThe widespread use of antibiotics since the 50s, generates a significant release of these molecules in the environment (excretion via urine and feces) which can be found at concentrations ranging from 1-100 ng/L in wastewater. Due to the high microbial biomass and the abundance of nutrients, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) represent a suitable habitat for horizontal gene transfer. Because they occupy a key position between human activities and the environment, WWTP may play a major role in limiting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes, therefore contributing to the preservation The parameters which influence these transfers in wastewater treatment plants are still poorly known, especially because of methodological limitations. Therefore the aim of our study was to identify environmental factors affecting the stability and transfer of a mobile genetic element model, the plasmid pB10 in bacterial communities (biomass from wastewater treatment plants and river sediments) maintained in microcosms. So far, the transfer of resistance genes have been studied mainly with methods based on the cultivation of microorganisms on selective media that we know now they underestimate the observed phenomena. Also, an approach based on quantitative PCR was developed for detecting the release of a mobile DNA template from the host bacterium E. coli DH5α. Couples of designed primers/probes were very specific and have been developed by taking advantage of the mosaic structure of the bacterial genome. The proposed approach is based on the over time measurements of the number of plasmids pB10 and its bacterial host DH5α, where an increased ratio (pB10/DH5α) implies a release of the plasmid to the indigenous bacteria. This method was used to assess the impact of some environmental parameters on the release of DNA in complex microbial communities. Two groups of factors could be distinguished according to whether they influence the persistence of plasmid pB10 in communities in microcosms (oxygenation / mixing, addition of antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations as amoxicillin and sulfamethoxazole frequently found in treatment plant) and / or they favor his release in bacterial communities (biofilms, sediments). Without inducing genes transfers, the antibiotics tested, even at sub-lethal concentrations, could participate in the dissemination of resistance genes by facilitating their persistence
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Palmquist, Helena. "Hazardous substances in wastewater systems : a delicate issue for wastewater management". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17510.
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Many substances derived from human activity end up in wastewater systems at some point. A large number of different substances - up to 30,000 - are present in wastewater. Some of them are valuable, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but there are also hazardous substances such as heavy metals and anthropogenic organic substances. To be able to utilise the wastewater nutrients on arable land (agriculture, forestry or other alternatives), it is of great importance to investigate the sources of hazardous substances in wastewater and the human activities and attitudes that brings these different substances into the wastewater systems. For management of wastewater residues it is therefore important to be able to assess both the benefits and the risks from such products. Residues from wastewater are complex mixtures of substances, which demand a multi-sided approach for solving the problem as a whole.Godkänd; 2001; 20070225 (ysko)
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Pasquini, Laure. "Micropolluants issus de l'activité domestique dans les eaux urbaines et leur devenir en station d'épuration". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0087/document.
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Ce travail a permis d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances sur la micropollution issue de l'activité domestique. Un état des lieux a été réalisé sur la présence de certains micropolluants dans les eaux usées (dans les phases liquide et solide) de deux zones urbaines, résidentielle et mixte (habitats, hôpital, administrations), et dans deux stations d'épuration (STEP) biologiques. Les micropolluants étudiés ont été choisis selon leurs usages et en fonction de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques afin de mieux appréhender leur répartition entre les phases liquides et solides. Dans un premier temps, les méthodes d'extraction et d'analyse des micropolluants dans les matrices liquides (eau usée et eau traitée) et solides (matières en suspension et boue) ont été développées et validées. Les prélèvements d'eaux usées dans les égouts des deux zones urbaines ont mis en évidence différents usages de certains composés en fonction de la zone urbaine et de la saison (été ou hiver). Les mesures des concentrations en micropolluants en entrée et en sortie de STEP dans les eaux et les boues ont permis d'évaluer leurs rendements d'élimination et ont révélé une différence d'efficacité entre les deux STEP biologiques. Une étude statistique a montré qu'il existe des corrélations entre les concentrations en micropolluants et en macropolluants (DCO, ammonium, et turbidité) en entrée et en sortie de chacune des STEP étudiées. L'effet des micropolluants sur l'activité bactérienne a été examiné en conditions de laboratoire par des tests de toxicité sur Escherichia coli et par des expériences sur la biomasse de STEP en réacteur batchThis work allowed to acquire new knowledge on micropollution issued from household activities. The occurrence of some micropollutants in urban wastewater (liquid and solid phases) of two urban areas, residential and mixed (houses, hospital, administrations), and in two biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was assessed. The studied micropollutants were chosen according to use and as function of their physical and chemical properties in order to consider their partitioning between liquid and solid phases. Firstly, the methods for the extraction and the analysis of micropollutants in liquid and solid matrices (wastewater and treated water, suspended matter and sludge) were developed and validated. Wastewater sampling in the sewers of the two urban catchments showed some differences of the use of certain compounds according to the catchment and to the season (summer or winter). Measurements of micropollutant concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the plants, on water and sludge, allowed to assess their removal yields and revealed a difference of efficiency of the two biological WWTPs. A statistical treatment showed that there are some correlations between concentrations of micro and macropollutants (COD, ammonium and turbidity) at the inlet and at the outlet of each studied WWTPs. The effect of the target micropollutants on bacterial activity was evaluated under laboratory conditions, by toxicity tests on Escherichia coli, and by experiments on biological sludge in batch reactors
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SHARMA, CHARU. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF STPs BASED ON DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES IN DELHI/NCR". Thesis, 2013. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15466.
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India faces a number of water and wastewater issues and water related health hazards. These problems arise primarily due to the increasing level of qualitative and quantitative depletion of water resources owing to over-utilization and continuous discharge of wastewater. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) have been constructed in most places to reduce the degradation of water quality of the receiving water bodies by reducing the total pollution load on the same and to ensure a healthy environment both aesthetically along with preserving the ecosystem involved. However, the purpose of establishing the STPs is not met until their effectiveness in treating sewerage is ensured which has been observed as a major concern throughout the Country. In view of a varied experience with different technologies under the various river action plans that have been initiated from time to time, a need for a case study was perceived to assess technologically and financially suitable options for sewage treatment. Technologies which are being used in other parts of the world are being deployed in India on a large scale and it is well established that each technology has its own merits and demerits. Therefore, their techno-economic viability under Indian conditions needs to be proven and will depend on prevailing local conditions, urban settings, community acceptability, etc. The work carried out in this report presents the results of the evaluation carried out for the techno-economical and environmental performance with particular emphasis on six (6) STPs based on different treatment technologies such as Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), BIOFOR, Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Activated Sludge Process combined with BIOFOR (ASP + BIOFOR) and Oxidation ditch located in Delhi/NCR region for handling and treating the domestic wastewater generated from the designated localities under specific STPs. The parameters which were monitored under the study included pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). In addition to the evaluation of the performance of the STPs based on different treatment technologies, the same were also analyzed for the capital cost, operation and maintenance costs, energy requirements and land requirement, which is primarily based on the data as obtained from various STPs in the Ganga River Basin and information collected as well as compiled from various sewage treatment technology providers.
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Shih-PingChen y 陳世斌. "Study on the Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Environmental Protection Conflict Issues by Applying TRIZ". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6zt2q3.
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碩士國立成功大學
工程管理碩士在職專班
106
All things on the earth must depend on the environmental resources on the earth to survive. Water is one of the most basic materials on the earth. It is an important resource for all species, including human beings, and the most important component of living organisms. About 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, but it is clean and suitable that can be used by humans and animals are relatively precious. In modern society, many factories mostly make the profit maximum as their main purpose. In the process of pursuing the maximization of interest, for the protection cost invested in the environment, it is the weakest link. For example, industrial wastewater treatment, often because of the consideration of production costs, the company is unwilling to invest funds, sacrificing environmental protection, pursuing the maximization of interests, and thus causing conflicts with civil environmental protection. This study refers to the relevant environmental protection literature and CSR, using TRIZ research to find out that the main current environmental conflicts in the society are controversial because the factory production is pursuing the maximization of production while the waste water treatment equipment cannot load the waste water, causing the factory the discharge of wastewater that exceeds the standard, including the opaque information of the wastewater treatment, also caused the public to have doubts about the wastewater treatment, resulting in conflicts and environmental protection. Using the contradiction matrix of TRIZ, set up centralized wastewater treatment equipment to solve the problem of excessive discharge of wastewater caused by production orders exceeding the load of sewage treatment equipment, reduce the discharge water index, reduce the total amount of tap water, and then upload the information of the factory wastewater treatment to the factory waste water platform has set up a wastewater treatment information board outside the factory to make the information of waste water treatment transparent, solve civil environmental protection conflicts and mistrust issues, and achieve peaceful coexistence with civil environmental protection.
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Chen, Shih-Ying y 陳詩瀅. "Analysis and Statistics in Dealing with Environmental Engineering Issues Concerning Indoor Air, Volatile Organic Compounds in Science Park, and Chemical Mechanical Polishing Wastewater Treatment". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70830837911847406141.
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碩士中華大學
土木與工程資訊學系碩士班
95
Abstract 1 The environment and concentration of CO2 in a medical building was measured and compared with previous years’ records to determine factors influencing the environment and CO2 concentration in medical buildings. An employee survey was conducted in this hospital and combined with environment and CO2 concentration statistics to develop a relationship between indoor environment, indoor air pollution and employees’ point of view. The results also brought to attention, a proportionate relationship between indoor environment, air quality and employee performance. Abstract 2 Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater mainly comes from the CMP process and post CMP cleaning. The composition of CMP wastewater is very complicated, and contains a high concentration of abrasive particles. This research probes into the treatment of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater and BG wastewater from semiconductor factories. PAC and FSC-888 are applied for coagulation. The sludge after treatment was fed back into the original wastewater to determine the relationship between the various PAC or FSC-888 dosages and the turbidity of the upper layer wastewater after processing. The CMP wastewater characteristics and BG wastewater were tested before the experiment. The effect with and without the backflow sludge of different amounts was obtained. Abstract 3 The subject of this thesis involves analysis of samples taken from Hsinchu Science Park, and several significant factors were focused to discuss the variation tendency of the volatile organic compounds existing in the Hsinchu Science Park environment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) accompanied with MATLAB software was applied to sort and to analyze the concentration of volatile organic compounds and the sampling sites. In addition, the correlation of contaminants between residential district and the Science Park was taken into consideration. This may well represent the distribution of the volatile organic compounds in this period of time.
Libros sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Nelson, Valerie I. Accountability: Issues of compliance with decentralized wastewater management goals. Waquoit, Mass: Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1998.
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Feiden, Wayne M. Planning issues for on-site and decentralized wastewater treatment. Chicago: American Planning Association, 2006.
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Dole, David Donald. Economoc issues in the design and analysis of a wastewater treatment project. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Dole, David Donald. Economoc issues in the design and analysis of a wastewater treatment project. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Dole, David Donald. Economoc issues in the design and analysis of a wastewater treatment project. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Dole, David Donald. Economoc issues in the design and analysis of a wastewater treatment project. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Dole, David Donald. Economic issues in the design and analysis of a wastewater treatment project. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Ksenofontov, Boris, Aleksandr Lukanin y Evgeniy Pirogov. Chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863094.
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The monograph discusses issues related to chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment, including oxidation and sorption of pollutants, as well as their coagulation and flocculation and other processes of wastewater and man-made water treatment. At the same time, individual tasks are considered for the first time both in domestic and in the world practice of water treatment. First of all, this applies to the use of strong oxidizing agents in the practice of water purification, as well as neutralizing substances. In addition, the issues of intensification of chemical reactions occurring during wastewater treatment using various reagents are considered. At the same time, water treatment using ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, etc. is considered as an intensifying effect. As a result of the complex effect on the treated water, a high technological effect of purification is achieved.
For a wide range of readers, including researchers, university professors, graduate students, masters, bachelors and undergraduates.
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Chemical Manufacturers Association (U.S.), AWWA Research Foundation y United States. Environmental Protection Agency., eds. Chlorine dioxide: Drinking water, process water, and wastewater issues : sympoisum proceedings, September 14-15, 1995, New Orleans, LA. Denver, CO: The Foundation, American Water Works Association, 1996.
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Ksenofontov, Boris y Aleksandr Lukanin. Flotation combines for wastewater treatment with several working fluids. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1938077.
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In the monograph, for the first time in world practice, the issues of intensification of flotation processes of wastewater treatment and compaction of excess activated sludge due to the use of several working fluids are considered. It is noted that flotation equipment is mainly used for wastewater treatment of pressure type. Although the flotation process has been known for a long time, there are relatively few fundamentally new technical solutions in this area. In this regard, the author describes in detail the method of flotation developed by the author with two and three working fluids, of which one is a working fluid with hardly soluble gas (air), and the others with easily soluble gases, such as carbon dioxide and biogas. At the same time, the interpretation of the new effect is based on a multi-stage flotation model developed by the author. This method was developed, tested and used by the author for the first time in domestic practice at biotechnological enterprises. Methods and flotation installations in the form of water flow combines using two and three working fluids saturated with gases with different solubility in water are described.
It is offered for a wide range of readers, including researchers, bachelors, masters, postgraduates, as well as for anyone interested in water purification issues.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Lavee, Doron y Tomer Ash. "Wastewater Supply Management". En Global Issues in Water Policy, 83–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5911-4_6.
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Petzet, Sebastian y Peter Cornel. "Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater". En Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 110–43. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849737883-00110.
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Maliva, Robert y Thomas Missimer. "Wastewater Reuse Health and Safety Issues". En Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management, 805–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29104-3_30.
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Choudhary, Meenakshi, C. N. Peter, Sudheesh K. Shukla, Penny P. Govender, Girish M. Joshi y Rui Wang. "Environmental Issues: A Challenge for Wastewater Treatment". En Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_1.
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Tripathi, M. P., Yatnesh Bisen y Priti Tiwari. "Reuse of Wastewater in Agriculture". En Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse: Issues and Challenges, 231–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3179-4_13.
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Dohmann, Max. "Special Issues of Wastewater Management in China". En Future City, 235–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01488-9_11.
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Rice, Eugene W. "Microbial Issues in Drinking Water Security". En Handbook of Water and Wastewater Systems Protection, 151–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0189-6_9.
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Manyuchi, M. M., N. Mupoperi, C. Mbohwa y E. Muzenda. "Treatment of Wastewater Using Vermifiltration Technology". En Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse: Issues and Challenges, 215–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3179-4_12.
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Spellman, Frank R. "Current Issues in Water and Wastewater Treatment Operations". En Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 3–20. 4th edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003038351-2.
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Osundeko, Olumayowa, Preeti Ansolia, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Pushan Bag y Amit K. Bajhaiya. "Promises and Challenges of Growing Microalgae in Wastewater". En Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse: Issues and Challenges, 29–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3179-4_2.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Dzemydienė, Dalė. "Sustainable development solutions and complex it means for evaluation of water pollution processes". En Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.087.
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The purpose of this research is the developing of decision support system (DSS) by integrating all working information systems (ISS) for wastewater pollution evaluation processes by contributing in achieving the common goal of the Helsinki Convention (HELCOM) for countries to preserve and restore the ecosystems of the Baltic Sea. Research methodology based on design approach for the development of DSS as a multi-layered system with the multi–componential, interoperable structure of databases (DBs), data warehouses, and IS, which are under the responsibility of different public administration institutions. Findings – presented results on integration of information sources and collaboration workflows help in searching of suitable indicators for revealing the situations of water pollution from wastewater bodies and objects in districts of Lithuania and the effluxes in the Baltic Sea. Research limitations – the complexity of pollution processes and the multi-layered structure of distributed ISs under different responsibilities identify problems and requirements for adequate DSS working online. Practical implications – the results will help for influencing the decisions provided for responsible institutions of Lithuania and other members of the HELCOM, responsible for the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea. Originality/Value intend to assess the sustainability requirements in the wastewater sector, by providing integrated collaboration of ISs.
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Wu, Zhiyong, Jie Feng y Zuoqin Tang. "The issues in chromium-containing wastewater treatment by sodium pyrosulfite". En 2015 3rd International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environmental Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaees-15.2015.188.
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McMahon, Brian R., Robert C. J. Koo y H. Williams Persons. "Citrus Irrigation With Reclaimed Wastewater". En ASME 1989 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1989-3501.
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In 1986 the City of Orlando, Florida; Orange County; and area citrus growers implemented an innovative program to reclaim municipal wastewater for irrigation of citrus trees. This program, known as Water Conserv II, is planned to ultimately provide up to 50 million gallons per day of reclaimed water to as much as 15,000 acres of citrus grove land. In this paper, the authors present the program concept; identify public health issues that were considered; describe the facilities that were constructed to treat, transmit and distribute the reclaimed water; discuss operational factors and summarize initial observations of the project’s performance after the first two years of operation. Paper published with permission.
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Samaraweera, Indrani S., Terry D. McGillivray, Diane L. Rheault y Dennis Burthwick. "Microbial issues encountered in wastewater treatment at Moorhead factory and remedial measures." En American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2009.77.
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Sugata, Ferlina, Nathalia Sugiharto, Nina Nurviana, Seriwati Ginting, Isabella Andreas, Shirly Suhanjoyo, Andi Hamzah y Heddy Heryadi. "Bio-cord as an Ecotechnological Wastewater Treatment for Productive and Attractive Urban Open Spaces". En International Conference on Emerging Issues in Technology, Engineering, and Science. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010748500003113.
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FOSSBERG, HELGE, ULF RYDNINGEN y CHRISTOPH MERSCHBROCK. "UNDERSTANDING BIOFILM ISSUES IN WASTEWATER PIPES: THE CASE OF NORWEGIAN AND SWEDISH MUNICIPALITIES". En WATER AND SOCIETY 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws170101.
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Zhiyi, Wu. "Study on the Legal Issues of Fukushima Nuclear Wastewater Discharge into the Sea". En 2022 International Conference on Creative Industry and Knowledge Economy (CIKE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220404.017.
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Gude, Veera Gnaneswar y Bailey Rainey. "Decentralized and onsite wastewater management issues of small communities in Jourdan River Watershed, Mississippi". En The 1st International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-1-a007.
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Wikramanayake, Nalin y E. J. H. Corea. "Alternative Technology for Urban Wastewater Treatment: Case Studies and Issues of Implementation and Sustainability". En World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)252.
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Yuaniar, Maria Carolina, Feri Kurniawan, Mastika Marisahani Ulfah, Siti Hartinah Qurbayni, Ardhi Catur Kurniawan y Anie Yulistyorini. "The Implementation of Sanitation Behavior Through Introducing and Training on Establishing Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Waste Management in Malang". En International Conference on Social Studies and Environmental Issues (ICOSSEI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200214.037.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "WASTEWATER ISSUES"
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Brunner, Christoph. Solar Energy Industrial Water Wastewater Management. IEA SHC Task 62, mayo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task62-2023-0001.
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This position paper provides an overview of the solar energy market for industrial water and wastewater management, outlining its importance, potential, and development of this new application area. It addresses issues for policy and decision makers and influencers and presents high-level information as a basis for the uptake and further development of these applications. It concludes by highlighting existing challenges and the actions needed to best exploit environmentally friendly technologies for water management and recovery of valuable substances.
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Water Management Institute, International. Wastewater use in agriculture: not only an issue where water is scarce. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.217.
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Féry, Guillaume. The Digital Journey of Water and Sanitation Utilities in Latin America and The Caribbean: What is at Stake and How to Begin. Editado por Marcello Basani y Xoán Fernández. Inter-American Development Bank, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004562.
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This discussion paper provides a foundation for digital transformation of water and sanitation utilities and illustrates how emerging technologies, new types of organizations, and forms of working can improve service performance and address issues related to water and wastewater management, with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. It also explores the fundamental dimensions of digital transformation of organizations, beyond technology, highlighting the importance of the human side of things, as well as operational impacts associated with data profusion, systems integration and interconnectivity. Finally, it shows examples of how decision-making has evolved for some front-runners, from planned and reactive operations to proactive and data-driven utilities. It aims to answer the following questions: What does digital transformation mean for the Water and Sanitation sector? What lessons can be learned from peers around the world? What are the learning points for the LAC region, considering the specific local context and its priorities? The authors also want to offer some tangible illustrations and actionable insights for professionals, wherever their organizations stand along the journey to a fully digital, connected, and data-driven company. The target audience is anyone interested in this sector, with a special focus on key actors in the ecosystem (such as regulators as well as practitioners). The goal of this paper is to raise awareness among people from water and sanitation utilities and, most importantly, provide them with insights to get started with their digital journey.
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Murphy, Pamela, ed. Solar Update - July 2023. IEA SHC, julio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-su-2023-0001.
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In this Issue: Solar Heat Worldwide / New SHC Chair / Country Highlight | China • Member News | EU-SOLARIS ERIC / SHC Solar Award 2014 Winner Update l Montmélian / Water and Wastewater Treatment l Task 62 / New Work l Solar-Powered Reactors / Christoph Brunner Interview / New Work l Solar Cooling / New Solar Conversion Factor l Task 64 / Solar District Heating Info Package l Task 68 / LCA and LCoH l Task 71 / New Publications
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Chandath, Him, Ing Chhay Por, Yim Raksmey y Diane Archer. Air Pollution and Workers’ Health in Cambodia’s Garment Sector. Stockholm Environment Institute, marzo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.017.
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The findings of this study can inform and enable policymakers in improving occupational air pollution, including addressing air pollution, pollution sources and other related issues in the garment manufacturing sector in Cambodia. Such interventions will help to uphold the health of workers as a human right, ensure safe workplaces, and also be beneficial for the country’s economic growth, as a healthy workforce is more productive. While the garment sector serves as Cambodia’s economic backbone and creates much-needed jobs, it is also a highly polluting industry, alongside being regularly implicated for not upholding labour rights. The sector emits pollutants to air from intensive energy use, solid and hazardous waste emissions, noise pollution and wastewater pollution discharge. Despite this, the sector’s environmental impacts in Cambodia, particularly in relation to air pollution, are not well known, and this gap was highlighted in the development of Cambodia’s 2021 Clean Air Plan. Aiming to fill this gap, in cooperation with SEI, the Air Quality and Noise Management Department of the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Cambodia’s Ministry of Environment conducted a research project to improve understanding of air pollutant emissions from the textile industry and the health impacts on workers in Cambodia’s garment industry. The study drew on in-depth interviews with 323 garment factory workers across 16 factories, interviews with 16 factory owners, and quantitative data to better understand all interviewees’ experiences with occupational air pollution. While the research documented any symptoms related to air pollution, it did not employ medical research to assess the workers’ health status, nor did it attempt to investigate the cost or impact of air pollution on factory production. This policy briefing draws on a longer report prepared by the Ministry of Environment (Chandath, H., Chhay Por, I., Sokyimeng, S., Dana, S., Raksmey, Y. 2023. Understanding Air Pollution in the Garment Sector and Health Impacts on Workers: A Cambodian Case Study. Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. https://epa.moe.gov.kh/pages/categories/view/document-daqnm).
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson y Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert y Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.