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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Waste disposal"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 29 de julio de 2024

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1

Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Nana K. Ampah y Sarhan M. Musa. "Green Waste Disposal". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (28 de febrero de 2019): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21359.

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Manjunatha, M., VC Sunil Kumar, Badami Vijetha y P. R. Pradeep. "Biomedical Waste Management: A Review". Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, n.º 3 (2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-3-141.

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ABSTRACT Various national and international agencies have shown their concern towards proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, as they may cause serious infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposal system leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.

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Mshelia, Alfred D. "Assessment Of Hair Barbing Salon Waste Management Practices In Bama Township Of Borno State, Nigeria". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss5.367.

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The study assessed hair barbing salon Waste Management Practices in Bama. A set of questionnaire was administered to barbing salon proprietors to obtain their current barbing salon waste management styles, viz a viz the types of waste generated and methods of waste disposal. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and reveals hair as the dominant waste generated in barbing salon operations. The hair wastes are swept and packed using coconut brooms and plastic hand shovel and stored in paper cartons. They are hence disposed on weekly or monthly basis or whenever cartons are filled up at refuse disposal points along streets within the neigbourhood, outskirt of the town, a large trench left behind by Cubits Civil Engineering Construction Company and the Yedseram river valley or at best burnt or buried. The adoption of these disposal techniques is more or less the same technique used in the disposal of all forms of refuse in the study area where wastes are disposed with impunity. In the same vein, there is a significant level of awareness of the impact of salon waste management practices on the environment/society by perpetrators. The study recommended steps for better barbing salon waste management to include salon waste reuse and recycling by researching into how barbing salon wastes can be a resource.

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Kiran, K. G., Sanjay Kini, Ravi K., Santhosh N. P. y N. Udaya Kiran. "KAP study of solid waste disposal of households in Kuttar & Manjanadi Panchayath covered under gramaskhema programme of K.S. Hegde Medical Academy". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 05, n.º 03 (septiembre de 2015): 029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703908.

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AbstractAn important problem faced by many societies across the world is unhealthy disposal of solid wastes. Knowledge, attitude, practices of people plays a crucial role as their view point is extremely vital in providing solutions to future environmental problems. A cross sectional study was conducted among the households of Kuttar and Manjanadi villages and a sample of 120 households were studied. Majority had a good knowledge about the ill effects of improper solid waste disposal and that 82.5% said collectively that it causes disease, unpleasant odour, unpleasant site and rodent nuisance. Majority of them had a positive attitude towards solid waste disposal and 98.3% felt that improper solid waste removal and disposal effects environment. Regarding household waste disposal practice it was found to be unsatisfactory as 78 households disposed of household wastes by just throwing away outside the house. Strict surveillance, supervision and timely removal for disposal of solid waste by management are the key factors in reducing environmental hazards.

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G., Eyisi I., Nwachukwu C., Njelita I. A., Akabuike J. y Eyisi C. S. "Determinants of Proper Disposal of Plastic Waste among Health Workers at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Amaka, Awka, Anambra State". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EVALUATION AND PHYSICAL REPORT 6, n.º 1 (28 de agosto de 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijmepr.v6.no1.2022.pg26.33.

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Improper disposal of plastic waste has being a huge global environmental issue over time. With the emergence of COVID-19 and high prevalence of various infectious diseases, production of single use personal protective equipment escalated. And they are mostly made of plastic, making plastic waste from healthcare services increase tremendously. These plastic wastes from the hospital may contain infectious or toxic substances that pose a significant threat to health workers, waste handlers and to the public at large for those that will come in contact with the waste if improperly disposed. The drastic increase in medical plastic waste is overwhelming the environment and so, has been tagged a major environmental burden. As a result, medical facilities are called upon to look into their waste management protocol to ensure they are safely disposing their waste to avoid infection of the public and waste handlers and also to ensure environmental safety. This study is to determine the proper disposal of healthcare waste among healthcare workers in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku, Awka, Anambra State. This study was carried out using a sample size of 712 staff. Simple random sampling without replacement was used in other to avoid obtaining a bias response. The association and predictability of the dependent variables by independent factors were determined statistically using Chi-square and regression methods, respectively. From the findings of the study, it was observed that 302(42.4%) of the total respondents used and disposed of their plastic wastes properly, whereas 410 (57.6%) disposed of their plastic waste improperly. Improper disposal of medical waste could be as a result of unavailability of proper means of waste disposal, bad or no healthcare management policy on waste management and other factors. Healthcare workers are advised to make use of proper means of plastic waste disposal so as to avoid the negative effect.

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Almeida, Maria Angélica Randoli de, Ana Maria Miranda Martins Wilson y Maria Angélica Sorgini Peterlini. "Evaluating pharmaceutical waste disposal in pediatric units". Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000700007.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To verify the disposal of pharmaceutical waste performed in pediatric units. METHOD A descriptive and observational study conducted in a university hospital. The convenience sample consisted of pharmaceuticals discarded during the study period. Handling and disposal during preparation and administration were observed. Data collection took place at pre-established times and was performed using a pre-validated instrument. RESULTS 356 drugs disposals were identified (35.1% in the clinic, 31.8% in the intensive care unit, 23.8% in the surgical unit and 9.3% in the infectious diseases unit). The most discarded pharmacological classes were: 22.7% antimicrobials, 14.8% electrolytes, 14.6% analgesics/pain killers, 9.5% diuretics and 6.7% antiulcer agents. The most used means for disposal were: sharps’ disposable box with a yellow bag (30.8%), sink drain (28.9%), sharps’ box with orange bag (14.3%), and infectious waste/bin with a white bag (10.1%). No disposal was identified after drug administration. CONCLUSION A discussion of measures that can contribute to reducing (healthcare) waste volume with the intention of engaging reflective team performance and proper disposal is necessary.

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Shreyash, Nehil y Susham Biswas. "Technological Developments Aiding Solid Waste Management". International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, n.º 07 (25 de julio de 2021): 538–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.07.05.

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One of the globally pertinent issues is to manage the wastes generated in an organized manner. Mitigating solid waste generation is important alongside efficient management of the generated wastes is paramount. Thus, recycling has emerged as a viable alternative. Solid Waste Management comprises steps like collection, transportation, and disposal, and in an efficient waste management process, it is essential to monitor and design each process scientifically. Disposal in landfills is a general practice however; owing to inefficient segregation before disposal the wastes are highly toxic with the potential to affect the hygiene of the earth. It is observed that half of the wastes disposed of are toxic and this underpins the importance of segregation before disposing of. Also, identification of appropriate sites for landfill development is important and it is preferred to build them in areas that are sparsely populated.

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Gokkurt Baki, Oylum y Osman Nuri ERGUN. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: Circular Economy Evaluation in Turkey". Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 10, n.º 2 (19 de abril de 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i2.18448.

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With the increase in environmental negativities according to wastes, priority has been given to sustainable practices and thus the circular economy (CE), that is, the recycling of wastes to the economy, and related zero waste practices have gained priority in Turkey.Turkey produced 32.2 million tonnes of waste overall per year and it means that waste per capita is approximately 1.16 kg per day and also the average recycling rate of all waste in Turkey is 12.3% according to 2018 records of TurkStat. According to these data, 20.24% of the wastes are sent to the municipal garbage disposals, 67.20% is disposed of by the regular storage method and 38% is recycled by composting. Also, according to the 2016 data, wild storage in Turkey continues at 27%.In the present study, the relationships between the yearly population growth, the increase in waste and in disposal facilities, and in the number of waste disposal facilities were examined and some relevant evaluations were made for the coming years. The projections were calculated using the data of Turkey in the coming years, the amount of waste, the amount of recycled waste, and the number of facilities. The recommendations were presented and emphasis was made for the requirements of the application of circular economy in Turkey. As a result, the analysis results obtained showed that the increases in the amount of waste will increase both the amount of waste and the areas where the waste will be disposed of and will create serious problems in the future. A sustainable waste management system and circular economy practices require that recyclable wastes be collected separately at the source, and the recycling process is carried out in a planned structure and if possible, no waste is generated. Collecting wastes separately at the source and public participation and awareness-raising in the zero-waste process is a must for the success of this process.

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Indumathy M y Mukesh S. "Biomedical waste management – A review". International Journal of Social Rehabilitation 6, n.º 2 (16 de julio de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjsocrehab.v6i2.425.

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Various national and international agencies have shown their concern toward proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, asthey may cause serious infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposalsystem leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.

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10

Anam, Hajera, Ranjit Ambad, Priyanka Deshmukh y Minal Kalambe. "A Study on Waste Disposal Management and Recommendation for Safe Disposal". E3S Web of Conferences 491 (2024): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449102002.

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By conducting awareness campaigns, putting safety measures in place, and collaborating with a specialist to remove medical wastes properly, you can do your bit to reduce the hazards associated with improperly managing these wastes. To protect your facilities and personnel, handling biohazardous waste disposal is crucial. Suppose a biohazardous waste container such as a sharps container or a hazardous waste container is not properly disposed of. In that case, it might seriously endanger the safety of both personnel and guests. Biohazardous waste management may also involve transporting biohazardous items to a designated area for safe disposal. Safe ecosystems and healthy populations depend on effective biomedical waste treatment. The opinions on BMWM, laws, customs, and treatment methods now in use across the world are reviewed in this article. The best-case scenario would be for B7 yMWM to be the focus of a national plan with specialised infrastructure, cradle-to-grave laws, an effective regulatory body, and trained employees.

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Verma, Laljee. "Injection Waste Disposal in India". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n.º 6 (5 de junio de 2023): 1185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23412092202.

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Nunes Pereira, Tatiane, Fabiana Rocha Pinto, David Barbosa de Alencar y Gisele De Freitas Lopes. "Waste Reuse in a food establishment for the production of organic fertilizer in Manaus - Amazonas". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1877.

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Organic waste has been a threat to society and the environment, both by the amount generated and the inadequate treatment. Seeking solutions to these wastes, composting becomes an efficient process through accelerated biodegradation. The present study aimed to analyze the reuse of organic waste generated in a food establishment in Manaus-AM. The quantitative methodology presented two steps, weighing for three (3) weeks daily, (i) the waste generated in the kitchen and (ii) discarded by consumers, in addition to the total compost generated by the compost, as a basis for treatment of this material, as way of minimizing the amount of these wastes, analyzing the productive activities of this establishment. Given the results obtained it was observed a disposal of almost 30 kg / week, which if estimated, can reach a value of 0.5 tons / year, for each type of disposal evaluated, totaling a value that can reach 1 ton of organic waste disposed of by this small food establishment. Analyzing the composting process, the data show that there is a reduction in the amount of materials generated, due to their transformation into organic fertilizer, obtaining 50% of the total value produced from the waste, thus indicating a solution to the problems arising from the incorrect disposal of waste. organic matter, which is close to 54% of this waste generated in Brazil. In addition, currently about 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted and there are on average about 815 million hungry people in the world, proving to be an alternative of economic, social and ecological viability.

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Mukama, Trasias, Rawlance Ndejjo, David Musoke, Geofrey Musinguzi, Abdullah Ali Halage, David O. Carpenter y John C. Ssempebwa. "Practices, Concerns, and Willingness to Participate in Solid Waste Management in Two Urban Slums in Central Uganda". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6830163.

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Poor solid waste management is among the major challenges facing urban slums in developing countries including Uganda. Understanding community concerns and willingness towards involvement in solid waste management improvement initiatives is critical for informing interventions in slums.Methods. We used a cross-sectional study to collect quantitative data from 435 residents in two urban slums in central Uganda. A semistructured questionnaire was used which assessed waste collection practices, separation and disposal methods, concerns regarding solid wastes, and willingness to participate in waste separation and composting. Data was analysed using STATA 12.Results. Food remains (38%) and plastics (37%) formed the biggest proportion of wastes generated in households. Most households (35.9%) disposed of general wastes by open dumping while 27% disposed of plastics by burning. Only 8.8% of households conducted composting while 55% carried out separation for some decomposable wastes. Separation was carried out for only banana peelings and leftover foods for feeding animals. Respondents expressed high willingness to separate (76.6%) and compost (54.9%) solid wastes.Conclusion. Practices in waste disposal and separation were poor despite high willingness to participate in initiatives to improve waste management, highlighting a need for authorities to engage residents of slums to improve their practices.

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Bailie, George R., Steven F. Kowalsky, George Eisele y Michael S. Schwartzman. "Disposal of CAPD Waste in the Community". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 11, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089101100115.

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Fifty-nine patients returned a confidential mailed questionnaire, to determine their procedures for disposal of CAPO waste including bags, fluids and needles, and to assess their instruction and opinions on health risks from their wastes. Patients came predominantly from rural communities. Sixty four percent used disposal boxes for used needles, 80% discarded drained bags in the garbage without wrapping them in plastic and 7 to 17% of patients discarded needles straight to the garbage, depending on circumstances. Thirty seven percent did not recall receiving instruction on waste disposal, and of those who did, instructions came predominantly from nurses. Twenty of 32 patients who had suffered peritonitis disposed of their bags during peritonitis in the same manner as when they did not have peritonitis. Most patients (61%) felt issues dealing with CAPO waste disposal were “important” or “very important”, but fewer “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that it posed a health risk to others (16%) or to the environment (10%). Inconsistencies in methods of disposal and potential risks of infection dictate that guidelines must be developed to deal with these issues.

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Samar, Anne Cicely Remetio. "Solid Waste Disposal Practices of the Atis (Aeta) of Boracay". Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 3 (29 de octubre de 2016): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2016.au13ef050o.

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The rising quality of life and high rates of resource consumption patterns had an unintended and negative impact both on the urban and rural environments and even on indigenous communities. Cities are now grappling with the problems of high volumes of waste, the costs involved, the disposal technologies and methodologies, and the impact of wastes on the local and global environment. This study is entitled Solid Waste Disposal Practices of the Atis (Aetas) of Boracay. The study was conducted to identify the Solid Waste Disposal Practices of the Atis in Boracay in terms of method of garbage storage and their methods of garbage disposal. It also seeks to identify activities/ programs implemented or practiced in the community to minimize improper waste disposal practices of every household in the community. The researcher to gather the information needed to be utilized a survey questionnaire. Interviews with 25 households and observations were conducted to further validate the authenticity of the data. Findings revealed that in terms of household garbage storage the respondents stored their garbage in a plastic bag, in an open container, and others pile it in the yard especially those biodegradable wastes. Concerning their garbage disposal practices, every household practiced proper segregation of waste. For their food waste, they put it in basket compost, while plastic containers, bottles, metals, and glass were segregated properly and disposed to a dumpsite through garbage collection. Trashes such as papers/cardboards were used for cooking by the Atis. Yard trimmings were used as compost as organic fertilizer. A once a week community cleaning is conducted by the Atis to maintain the cleanliness of their community where proper segregation of wastes was also monitored by the community organizer. In partnership with the Department of Agriculture Atis of Boracay were trained on basket composting to manage their biodegradable wastes. They were also guided by the policy of the Local Government Unit of Malay on proper wastes disposal.

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Banseka, Yenlajai JaneFrances. "Challenges and Solutions of Solid Waste Disposal Systems in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon". Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 28, n.º 6 (8 de junio de 2024): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6780.

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With rapid urbanisation occurring recently in Fako, there is need for renewed evidence on the functionality of solid waste disposal systems. This paper therefore seeks to investigate the effects of waste disposal systems and facilities in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon. Data from secondary sources was collected from HYSACAM (waste management company), Ombe Industrial Zone and Hospitals. This was complemented by 352 questionnaires administered in the four towns of Buea, Mutengene, Tiko and Limbe. Data analysis was achieved with the help of conventional graphical plots and statistical techniques by using Microsoft Excel 2016 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 to compute and produce statistical tables, correlation analysis and bar graphs. Results revealed that most of these wastes are disposed of in open dumpsites and directly into waterbodies (rivers and streams) and the least along the roadsides, littered around residential areas and in farmlands. Industrial wastes are channelled directly into the sea, waste from hospitals is incinerated and most of the waste in Limbe and Buea is disposed of in unsanitary landfills which are managed by the HYSACAM Company. This study recommends a framework for waste handling to minimize environmental and health hazards. It also recommends the sensitization of the population on the hazards associated with improper waste management and their involvement and participation in the waste management process. An appropriate solution for waste disposal is a landfill where waste is unloaded, spread into thin layers, compacted and covered with inert material.

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Wiese, Harald y Stephan Zelewski. "Waste disposal and waste avoidance". International Journal of Production Research 40, n.º 14 (enero de 2002): 3391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540210146549.

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18

Veil, John A. "Innovative Technologies For Managing Oil Field Waste". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 125, n.º 3 (29 de agosto de 2003): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586306.

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Each year, the oil industry generates millions of barrels of wastes that need to be properly managed. For many years, most oil field wastes were disposed of at a significant cost. However, over the past decade, the industry has developed many processes and technologies to minimize the generation of wastes and to more safely and economically dispose of the waste that is generated. Many companies follow a three-tiered waste management approach. First, companies try to minimize waste generation when possible. Next, they try to find ways to reuse or recycle the wastes that are generated. Finally, the wastes that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of. Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) has evaluated the feasibility of various oil field waste management technologies for the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper describes four of the technologies Argonne has reviewed. In the area of waste minimization, the industry has developed synthetic-based drilling muds (SBMs) that have the desired drilling properties of oil-based muds without the accompanying adverse environmental impacts. Use of SBMs avoids significant air pollution from work boats hauling offshore cuttings to shore for disposal and provides more efficient drilling than can be achieved with water-based muds. Downhole oil/water separators have been developed to separate produced water from oil at the bottom of wells. The produced water is directly injected to an underground formation without ever being lifted to the surface, thereby avoiding potential for groundwater or soil contamination. In the area of reuse/recycle, Argonne has worked with Southeastern Louisiana University and industry to develop a process to use treated drill cuttings to restore wetlands in coastal Louisiana. Finally, in an example of treatment and disposal, Argonne has conducted a series of four baseline studies to characterize the use of salt caverns for safe and economic disposal of oil field wastes.

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Kienzler, Bernhard y Horst Geckeis. "Radioactive wastes and disposal options". EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900014.

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This paper provides for a summary of facts which are indispensable for nuclear waste disposal. Information is presented on types of radioactive wastes and the origin, the waste treatment procedures and some characteristics of the waste forms. Finally the various host rocks and the international disposal concepts are discussed and the procedures for safety analyses are shortly described.

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Karnalim, Oscar, Oscar Wongso, Vincent Elbert Budiman, Felix Christian Jonathan, Bertha Alan Manuel y Marlina Marlina. "A Persuasive Technology for Managing Waste Disposal through Smart Trash Bin and Waste Disposal Tracker". International Journal on Information and Communication Technology (IJoICT) 6, n.º 1 (20 de junio de 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/ijoict.2020.61.117.

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<p>Waste management issue is a relevant topic that had been focused on many persuasive technologies. This issue is not only related to getting disposed of waste in proper places but also reducing waste disposal volume. This paper proposes a persuasive system that aims both goals by providing a smart trash bin and waste disposal tracker. The smart trash bin is an IoT-featured trash bin whereas waste disposal tracker is a mobile application which can record user daily waste disposal volume statistic. Based on the evaluation, our proposed system has achieved both goals. Additionally, it also solves several impediments such as incapability of moral background to encourage people to dispose waste on the trash bin, boring and monotonous waste disposal activity, and discouragement for disposing waste due to full trash bin. In order to attract people, our system includes attractive mechanisms such as playful experience, reflective experience, and gamification. Playful experience is applied to a smart trash bin, whereas the other two are applied to the waste disposal tracker.</p>

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ADEIZA, Abdulrahman M., Nma Bida Alhaji, Nuhu A. SANI, Enid A. GODWIN, Elizabeth C. OKOLO y Andrew M. ADAMU. "Household Solid Wastes: Collection and Disposal Methods in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria". Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Journal 5, n.º 1 (enero de 2024): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/vmph2024.5.1.3.

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Objectives: This study was to assess the composition and quantity of solid wastes and their collection and disposal methods in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Method: A total of 420 well-structured questionnaires (in English language) were administered to consenting participants to obtain information on methods of waste collection and disposal. Secondary data such as waste characteristics and types generated were collected from the Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB) records from January to December 2020. Results: Proportion of solid wastes generated in AMAC were in the order Food and other organic wastes, Papers, water sachets, plastics, metals, glass and textiles, 46.23%, 20.27%, 13.23%, 8.53%, 4.88%, 4.37% and 2.45% respectively. On waste collection, significant 55.71% proportion of the respondents choose government-approved bins, 25.23% use household items while 19.04% employed commercial waste collectors (X2 = 32.5454, df= 12, P= 0.00113). An insignificant 47.4% of the respondents in the study claimed to patronize only government approved dumpsites in disposing off their household wastes, 24.5% at any available open spaces while 24.3% dumped their wastes in their private backyards, 3.80% disposed the wastes in drainages (X2 = 18.8314, df= 18, P= 0.4022). Conclusion: This study successfully achieved the objective for which it was set. This study successfully assessed the composition and quantity, collection and disposal methods of waste generated in AMAC, FCT, Nigeria.

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Glasser, F. P. y M. Atkins. "Cements in Radioactive Waste Disposal". MRS Bulletin 19, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1994): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048673.

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Depending on their radioactive content and abundance of long-lived radionuclides, radioactive wastes are often described as low, intermediate or high-level. Cements play a major role in the engineered structures, existing and planned, of most national programs for low- and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive wastes. Final disposal of ILW is usually by burial at considerable depth (>250 meters), e.g., in planned repositories in clay at Mol (Belgium), in salt at Gorleben (Germany), and in volcanic tuffs at Sellafield (United Kingdom). A sample disposal concept is shown in Figure 1. Shallow land burial is also employed, mostly for low-level wastes (LLW) and often in concrete-lined vaults, e.g., at Drigg (UK) and Center de la Manche (France). Cements are likely to be used in a waste repository as structural elements in the engineered structure and for encapsulation of the actual waste itself (see Figure 1). In the UK, cements are also the favored material for infilling of the vault space (backfilling), and sealing.LLW and ILW are characterized by considerable heterogeneity, and comprise liquids, solids, floes, sludges, exchange resins, and contaminated laboratory equipment. Cements are capable of converting most of these waste streams into solid and stable monoliths that can be further encapsulated in a steel or concrete container. Such a product is ideal for interim storage, transportation, and final emplacement in a repository. The technology of cementation is well-established, and suited to automation and remote handling (thereby reducing the radiation dose to workers).

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Alderman, Charlotte. "Clinical waste disposal". Nursing Standard 4, n.º 8 (15 de noviembre de 1989): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.8.51.s58.

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Daniels, Stacy L. "Hazardous Waste Disposal". Science 234, n.º 4775 (24 de octubre de 1986): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4775.412.a.

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Dyer, Alan, D. Damidot, F. P. Glasser, P. Warwick, A. Hall, G. M. N. Baston, J. A. Berry, C. M. Linklater, P. D. Grimwood y S. G. Higson. "Radioactive waste disposal". Analytical Proceedings 30, n.º 4 (1993): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000190.

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Glanvill, Terry. "Radioactive Waste Disposal". Medicine and War 4, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408810.

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Folger, M. "Radioactive Waste Disposal". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 68, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 1996): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031855.

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Roedder, E. "Radioactive waste disposal". Academic Medicine 69, n.º 7 (julio de 1994): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199407000-00011.

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Irving, Nicholas M. "Inorganic waste disposal". Journal of Chemical Education 63, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1986): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063p1016.2.

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Gripper, Peter. "Disposal of Waste". In Practice 17, n.º 4 (abril de 1995): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.17.4.195-a.

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Latterich, M. "Nuclear waste disposal". Trends in Cell Biology 8, n.º 7 (diciembre de 1998): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(98)01308-7.

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32

Medical Waste Committee (WT-3). "Medical Waste Disposal". Air & Waste 44, n.º 10 (octubre de 1994): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1994.10467311.

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33

Visvanathan, C. "Hazardous waste disposal". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 16, n.º 1-4 (abril de 1996): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(95)00057-7.

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34

DANIELS, S. L. "Hazardous Waste Disposal". Science 234, n.º 4775 (24 de octubre de 1986): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4775.412.

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35

Carlsson, H. S. "Radioactive waste disposal". Physics in Technology 16, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1985): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4624/16/6/i01.

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Dusseault, Maurice B. "Radioactive waste disposal". Nature 375, n.º 6533 (junio de 1995): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375625a0.

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NOBEL, JOEL J. "Waste disposal units". Pediatric Emergency Care 11, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199504000-00016.

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Buckland, Jenny. "Hazardous waste disposal". Nature Reviews Immunology 2, n.º 4 (abril de 2002): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri782.

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39

Smallridge, Rachel. "Waste-disposal chute". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, n.º 8 (agosto de 2004): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1454.

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Tyler, Donal y Bobby Hughes. "Waste disposal system". Environment International 20, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(94)90095-7.

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41

Ojovan, Michael I. "Nuclear Waste Disposal". Encyclopedia 3, n.º 2 (30 de marzo de 2023): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3020028.

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Nuclear waste (like radioactive waste) is waste that contains, or is contaminated with, radionuclides, at activity concentrations greater than clearance levels set by the regulators, beyond which no further use is foreseen. Disposal is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it.

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42

Heeney, P. L. y G. W. Heinke. "Disposal of hazardous wastes in Canada's Northwest Territories". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 1992): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-091.

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In the past decade, many jurisdictions have attempted to estimate the quantities and types of hazardous wastes generated within their boundaries. Similar studies done in the Northwest Territories (N.W.T.), Canada, are out-of-date, incomplete, or specific to only one type of wastes or geographic location. In 1990, an industry, business, and community survey was conducted to determine the types and quantities of hazardous wastes generated in the N.W.T. and the currently used disposal methods for these wastes. It revealed that 2500 tonnes of hazardous wastes were generated each year, including waste oil and petroleum products, fuel tank sludges, acid batteries, spent solvents, antifreeze, and waste paint.In many regions, disposal of these wastes may be routine, but waste disposal in arctic and subarctic regions presents unique difficulties. Severe climate, expense of transportation, isolation, and small quantities of wastes generated can make standard solutions expensive, difficult, or impossible to apply. Unique solutions are needed for northern waste disposal. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of low-cost, on-site or local hazardous waste disposal options that can be applied in the N.W.T. and also in other arctic, remote, or less-developed regions. Key words: hazardous wastes, Northwest Territories, cold climate regions, waste disposal.

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SUZUKI, Shigeru. "Regional Disposal of Solid Waste. Perspective on Regional Waste Disposal." Waste Management Research 2, n.º 3 (1991): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.2.191.

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Fumoto, Hiromichi. "Radioactive Waste Disposal (II): —Trans-Uranium Element in Waste Disposal—". RADIOISOTOPES 68, n.º 9 (15 de septiembre de 2019): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.68.631.

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Fumoto, Hiromichi. "Radioactive Waste Disposal (III)—Exemption and Clearance in Waste Disposal—". RADIOISOTOPES 68, n.º 11 (15 de noviembre de 2019): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.68.773.

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Choe, Chongwoo. "Optimal environmental tax, waste disposal charge, and illegal waste disposal". Atlantic Economic Journal 26, n.º 2 (junio de 1998): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02299365.

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SEN, ARCHANA. "SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES". Pollution Research 41, n.º 04 (2022): 1240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/pr.2022.v41i04.015.

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Urbanization and population growth are solely responsible for high and increasing rate of solid waste and its proper management is a major problem of Municipal Corporation of every city. Solid waste from households is a serious health hazard and leads to the spread of infectious diseases. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, commercial or industrial areas. As we know Solid waste management involves managing activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes. Solid waste problem is big issues at present time, if this problem is not tackled within preventive time, it may create other dreadful, hazardous and incurable problems. In this study, the sources and components of solid waste, type and the quantity of solid waste disposed, methods of solid waste disposal and its impact on health were highlighted.

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Tait, J. C., P. J. Hayward y J. S. Devgun. "Technologies for the containment, immobilization, and disposal of radioactive wastes". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1989): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-074.

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Atomic Energy of Canada Limited is developing methods for the management and safe disposal of radioactive wastes. These wastes range from the highly radioactive (high-level) UO2 fuel arising from the nuclear generation of electrical power to the low- and intermediate-level wastes arising from research in various Canadian institutions using radioactive isotopes. This paper reviews the current research programs on materials and processes for the immobilization and containment of UO2 fuel wastes and the technical aspects of programs demonstrating the various technologies needed for implementing a disposal program for low-level wastes. Key words: waste management, radioactive, nuclear fuel waste, high-level waste, low-level waste, disposal, immobilization, glass, containment, siting, land burial, geological disposal.

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49

Muller, Richard A., Stefan Finsterle, John Grimsich, Rod Baltzer, Elizabeth A. Muller, James W. Rector, Joe Payer y John Apps. "Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste in Deep Horizontal Drillholes". Energies 12, n.º 11 (29 de mayo de 2019): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112052.

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Spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste can be disposed in deep horizontal drillholes in sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous rocks. Horizontal drillhole disposal has safety, operational and economic benefits: the repository is deep in the brine-saturated zone far below aquifers in a reducing environment of formations that can be shown to have been isolated from the surface for exceedingly long times; its depth provides safety against inadvertent intrusion, earthquakes and near-surface perturbations; it can be placed close to the reactors and interim storage facilities, minimizing transportation; disposal costs per ton of waste can be kept substantially lower than for mined repositories by its smaller size, reduced infrastructure needs and staged implementation; and, if desired, the waste could be retrieved using “fishing” technology. In the proposed disposal concept, corrosion-resistant canisters containing unmodified fuel assemblies from commercial reactors would be placed end-to-end in up to 50 cm diameter horizontal drillholes, a configuration that reduces mechanical stresses and keeps the temperatures below the boiling point of the brine. Other high-level wastes, such as capsules containing 137Cs and 90Sr, can be disposed in small-diameter horizontal drillholes. We provide an overview of this novel disposal concept and its technology, discuss some of its safety aspects and compare it to mined repositories and the deep vertical borehole disposal concept.

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Ashalakshmi, K. S. y P. Arunachalam. "Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Arppukara Grama Panchayat Of Kottayam District, Kerala (India)". Journal of Global Economy 6, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2010): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i1.104.

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In recent years, the flow of solid wastes in all over the world has been increasing. There is no question, that, this trend poses ever-increasing problems for society. Already, many cities are having trouble in disposing of mounting heaps of trash. Neighboring areas are reluctant to serve as the cities dumps and locations, that are suitable for land fill operations are getting scarce. Other methods of waste disposal are now recognized to create problems of their own. Burning garbage pollutes the air, while treatment of liquid wastes leaves sludge, which must be disposed of. Moreover, dumping wastes into the ocean and other water bodies is not costless to society; sludge dumped in to the sea can kill or contaminate marine life and pollute nearby waters and beaches. The changing composition of solid wastes also adds to the problem of disposal. For example, plastics, (which are non-degradable and often have harmful combustion properties) make up an increasing percentage of solid wastes. All in all the problem of solid waste disposal can hardly be viewed with equanimity, ie, it surely represents a major environmental problems, that is likely to grow worse`. Economic growth leads to urbanization and urbanization leads to environmental waste pollution. The proper and efficient way of handling the waste materials requires a good deal of total sanitation and public awareness programmes. Public should be aware of the necessity of hygienic disposal of wastes generated. It is really a matter of great concern for the present however, because, waste generation seems increasing, in spite of local and global agendas to curb it, and because it directly impacts resources, environment, health, welfare etc.

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