Bibliografías temáticas / Wall models

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Wall models"

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Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Wall models"

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Zhang, Ruifeng y Xiaojing Wang. "On generalized geometric domain-wall models". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 141, n.º 4 (15 de julio de 2011): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210510001198.

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We study domain walls that are topological solitons in one dimension. We present an existence theory for the solutions of the basic governing equations of some extended geometrically constrained domain-wall models. When the cross-section and potential density are both even, we establish the existence of an odd domain-wall solution realizing the phase-transition process between two adjacent domain phases. When the cross-section satisfies a certain integrability condition, we prove that a domain-wall solution always exists that links two arbitrarily designated domain phases.
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Jiao, Jianying y Ye Zhang. "Multiscale subgrid models of large eddy simulation for turbulent flows". International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 26, n.º 5 (6 de junio de 2016): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2015-0009.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose three modified subgrid-scale (SGS) eddy-viscosity models to improve their original eddy-viscosity models (the Smagorinsky model (SM), the mixed-scale model (MSM), and the wall-adapted local eddy-viscosity model (WALE)) in the simulation of turbulent flows in near-wall region. Design/methodology/approach – The subgrid viscosity is related to the norm of strain rate tensor of the smallest resolved scales, instead of the norm of the resolved strain rate tensor of the large scales. Findings – All the SGS viscosity of the modified eddy-viscosity models (small-large model, modified MSM, and modified WALE) is closer to y+3 behavior than those of the original eddy-viscosity models (SM, MSM, and WALE) near the wall. Originality/value – The norm of strain rate tensor of the smallest scales used in eddy-viscosity models, instead of the norm of strain rate tensor, makes the eddy viscosity in near-wall region approach to zero in a physical sense.
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Kanvinde, Amit M. y Gregory G. Deierlein. "Analytical Models for the Seismic Performance of Gypsum Drywall Partitions". Earthquake Spectra 22, n.º 2 (mayo de 2006): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2191927.

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Gypsum drywall partitions may contribute significantly to the lateral strength and stiffness of woodframe structures, whether or not the walls are explicitly designed for that purpose. This paper proposes analytical models to determine the lateral shear strength and initial elastic stiffness of wood-framed gypsum wall panels, taking into account the effects of wall geometry, door and window openings, connector type and spacing, and wall boundary conditions. The strength and stiffness models are incorporated in a multilinear curve to describe the monotonic lateral shear versus deformation response of the walls. Additional parameters to calibrate the response of a peak-oriented hysteretic cyclic model are also proposed, thus making the models suitable for nonlinear time-history simulations of woodframe buildings. The models are developed and validated using published data from 16 shear tests of full-scale gypsum wall panels.
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4

VOLKAS, RAYMOND R. "REALISTIC DOMAIN-WALL-BRANE MODELS?" Modern Physics Letters A 23, n.º 17n20 (28 de junio de 2008): 1529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027928.

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Rybiński, Witold y Jarosław Mikielewicz. "Analytical 1D models of the wall thermal resistance of rectangular minichannels applied in heat exchangers". Archives of Thermodynamics 37, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0020.

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Abstract The paper presents four 1-dimensional models of thermal resistance of walls in a heat exchanger with rectangular minichannels. The first model is the simplest one, with a single wall separating two fluids. The second model of the so called equivalent wall takes into account total volume of intermediate walls between layers of minichannels and of side walls of minichannels. The next two more complicated models take separately into account thermal resistance of these walls. In these two models side walls are treated as fins. The results of models comparison are presented. It is shown that thermal resistance may be neglected for metal walls but it should be taken into account for the walls made of plastics. For the case of non-neglected wall thermal resistance the optimum wall thickness was derived. Minichannel heat exchangers made of plastic are larger than those built of metal, but are significantly cheaper. It makes possible to use of such exchangers in inexpensive microscale ORC installations.
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6

Jiang, Huan Jun y Lao Er Liu. "Numerical Analysis of RC Shear Walls under Cyclic Loading by PERFORM-3D". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (mayo de 2011): 2253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2253.

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For engineering practice purpose, the macroscopic model capable of simulating the main characteristics of nonlinear behavior is desirable to reduce computational efforts in nonlinear structural analysis. Several different types of macroscopic models for shear walls have been developed. The shear wall element used in the commercial program PERFORM-3D is one types of macroscopic models for reinforced concrete shear walls. The application of PERFORM-3D in the nonlinear static analysis of reinforced concrete shear walls is introduced in this study. The selection of constitutive models and the determination of related parameters of the constituent material are presented in detail. The applicability of the shear wall element is verified by numerical simulation on three reinforced concrete shear wall specimens under cyclic loading. The comparison between the numerical analysis and test results leads to the conclusion that the shear wall element with appropriate constitutive models can capture the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall well and be conveniently applied in engineering practice.
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7

BUNESCU, Ionut, Sterian DANAILA, Mihai-Victor PRICOP y Adrian DINA. "Estimation of Wind Tunnel Corrections Using Potential Models". INCAS BULLETIN 11, n.º 1 (5 de marzo de 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.1.4.

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The evaluation of the tunnel correction remains an actual problem, especially for the effect of tunnel walls. Even if the experimental campaign meets the basic similitude criteria (Mach, Reynolds etc.), the wall effect on the measured data is always present. Consequently, the flow correction due the limited by walls must be evaluated. Solid wall corrections refer to the aerodynamic interference between the experimental model and the walls of the wind tunnel. This interaction affects the measured forces and implicitly the angle of attack. Usually, these effects are introduced through semi-empirical correction factors which change the global measured forces. The present paper refers to the mathematical and numerical modeling of aerodynamic interferences between the experimental model and the solid walls based on the potential flow model. The main goal is to asses a method allowing an estimate of the corrections for each configuration with a minimum computational resource.
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8

Bao, Quoc To, Kihak Lee, Sung-Jig Kim y Jiuk Shin. "Quantifying Effect of Post-Tensioned Bars for Precast Concrete Shear Walls". Sustainability 14, n.º 10 (18 de mayo de 2022): 6141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106141.

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A hybrid concrete wall is made up of a traditional reinforced concrete wall with post-tensioned technology. Recent research has shown that post-tensioned (PT) reinforced concrete shear walls have a wide range of advantages when it comes to resisting lateral forces and lateral moments caused by earthquake loading. To explore the PT reinforced concrete wall behavior subjected to seismic load, the concrete models were augmented with various material models, including the KCC, CDP, and Winfrith models for a PT 2D wall under pushover analysis. To ensure that the overall behavior forecast was qualitatively acceptable, the models’ performance was compared to experimental findings. Then, the post-tensioned modeling approach was implemented with the 3D wall in order to predict structural responses of the PT 3D wall. The well-validated finite element models were ultilized to estimate the effects of the post-tensioned bars on lateral resisting capacities of the precast concrete shear wall.
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9

Budwig, R., D. Elger, H. Hooper y J. Slippy. "Steady Flow in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Models". Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, n.º 4A (1 de noviembre de 1993): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895506.

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Steady flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm models has been examined for four aneurysm sizes over Reynolds numbers from 500 to 2600. The Reynolds number is based on entrance tube diameter, and the inlet condition is fully developed flow. Experimental and numerical methods have been used to determine: (i) the overall features of the flow, (ii) the stresses on the aneurysm walls in laminar flow, and (iii) the onset and characteristics of turbulent flow. The laminar flow field is characterized by a jet of fluid (passing directly through the aneurysm) surrounded by a recirculating vortex. The wall shear stress magnitude in the recirculation zone is about ten times less than in the entrance tube. Both wall shear stress and wall normal stress profiles exhibit large magnitude peaks near the reattachment point at the distal end of the aneurysm. The onset of turbulence in the model is intermittent for 2000 < Re < 2500. The results demonstrate that a slug of turbulence in the entrance tube grows much more rapidly in the aneurysm than in a corresponding length of uniform cross section pipe. When turbulence is present in the aneurysm the recirculation zone breaks down and the wall shear stress returns to a magnitude comparable to that in the entrance tube.
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Irda Mazni, Deni. "An alternative model of retaining walls on sandy area to prevent landslides". E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015602016.

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Landslide is one of the potential disasters that can take life and material. A way to reduce disaster risk in slopes is to improve slope stability. A challenge in improving slope stability is how to make soil retaining walls that are simple, quickly built, and workable in the process. This research focuses on laboratory tests of gravity, segmental, and pre-cast retaining walls in sands. The tested models are slopes with different segmental, pre-cast, gravity walls made of un-reinforced concrete for static loads. The slope failure patterns were observed with their load variations. There are two wall models segmental. Each segmental wall observed a collapse pattern that occurred behind the wall. Static loading is carried out step by step until collapse occurs in the segmental wall. Observations and defects are carried out during the load process until the segmental wall collapses. This research shows that segmental pre-cast retaining walls with specific models and sizes can be selected to support certainly given loads to prevent slope failure.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Wall models"

1

Lamarche, Louis. "Reduction of wall interference for three dimensional models with two dimensional wall adaptation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213544.

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Issa, Camille Amine. "Nonlinear earthquake analysis of wall pier bridges". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54297.

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Accurately predicting the response of complex bridge structures to strong earthquake ground motion requires the use of sophisticated nonlinear dynamic analysis computer programs not generally available to the bridge design engineer. The analytical tools that have been developed are generally applicable to bridges whose substructures can be idealized as beam-columns. Bridges with wall piers do not belong to this category The major objective of this study is to develop an analysis tool capable of simulating the effects of earthquakes on monolithic concrete wall pier bridges. Thus, after surveying the literature, a mathematical model is developed for the geometrically nonlinear earthquake analysis of wall pier bridges. Mixed plate elements are used to model the wall pier. The plate element has eight nodes and the degrees of freedom per node are three displacements and three moments. Beam elements are used to model the bridge deck. The beam element accounts for shear deformation and it has two nodes with three displacements and three rotations as degrees of freedom per node. A transitional element is used to join the beam elements to the plate elements. The equation of dynamic equilibrium is solved using the Newmark method with modified Newton-Raphson type iteration at each time step. The mixed plate element is used to model two plate structures and the results are compared with analytical and other finite element solutions. A two span wall pier bridge is modeled using the structural elements developed in this study. The digitized time history for the N-S component of the El Centro Earthquake of May 18, 1940, is used to seismically excite the bridge model.
Ph. D.
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3

SACCO, FRANCESCO. "Mathematical models and analysis of turbulent, wall-bounded, complex flows". Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/15321.

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In the classical wall bounded turbulent flow a fundamental statement is the existence of a layer, called overlap layer, in which every flow behaves the same and the mean streamwise velocity of each system can be described with only the wall normal coordinate with a logarithmic profile, characterized by the von Kármán constant. This law has been at first derived on data on parallel flows and boundary layer, that are model flows for wall turbulence, but indeed have a much simpler flow than complex shape geometries. The formulation of Millikan has much more general requirement on the flow and it is based on the asymptotic expansion of the velocity field; this theory of the logarithmic behavior of the overlap layer is an asymptotic approximation, and so holds for very high Reynolds numbers, Re_τ → ∞. For this reason much of the research effort has been directed at increasing the Reynolds number. However, due to the limits in resources, and so in the possibility of reaching the highest possible value, every similarity theory is still incomplete; but like all asymptotic approximations, it can be improved with the addition of higher-order terms. We develop a correction of the classical von Kármán logarithmic law for a turbulent Taylor-Couette (TC) flow, the fluid flow developing between two coaxial, independently rotating cylinders, when the curvature of the system is small, i.e. with an inner to outer radius ratio η = r_i /r_o ≥ 0.9, when both the cylinder rotates with the same magnitude but in opposite directions. While in straight geometries like channel or pipe, the deviation from the law can be ascribed to the effect of pressure gradient, in small gap TC flow this effect can be accounted to the conserved transverse current of azimuthal motion. We show that, when the correction is applied, the logarithmic law is restored even when varying the curvature, and that the parameters founded here for TC flow converge to the ones founded in [P. Luchini. European Journal of Mechanics B Fluids, 71, 2018.] for plane Couette flow, in the limit of vanishing curvature η → 1.
In many shear- and pressure-driven wall-bounded turbulent flows secondary motions spontaneously develop and their interaction with the main flow alters the overall large-scale features and transfer properties. Taylor–Couette flow, the fluid motion developing in the gap between two concentric cylinders rotating at different angular velocities, is not an exception, and toroidal Taylor rolls have been observed from the early development of the flow up to the fully turbulent regime. In this manuscript we show that under the generic name of ‘Taylor rolls’ there is a wide variety of structures that differ in the vorticity distribution within the cores, the way they are driven and their effects on the mean flow. We relate the rolls at high Reynolds numbers not to centrifugal instabilities, but to a combination of shear and anti-cyclonic rotation, showing that they are preserved in the limit of vanishing curvature and can be better understood as a pinned cycle which shows similar characteristics as the self-sustained process of shear flows. By analysing the effect of the computational domain size, we show that this pinning is not a product of numerics, and that the position of the rolls is governed by a random process with the space and time variations depending on domain size.
We use experiments and direct numerical simulations to probe the phase space of low-curvature Taylor–Couette flow in the vicinity of the ultimate regime. The cylinder radius ratio is fixed at η = r_i /r_o = 0.91, where r_i (r_o ) is the inner (outer) cylinder radius. Non-dimensional shear drivings (Taylor numbers Ta) in the range 10^7 ≤ Ta ≤ 10^11 are explored for both co- and counter-rotating configurations. In the Ta range 10^8 ≤ Ta ≤ 10^10 , we observe two local maxima of the angular momentum transport as a function of the cylinder rotation ratio, which can be described as either ‘co-’ or ‘counter-rotating’ due to their location or as ‘broad’ or ‘narrow’ due to their shape. We confirm that the broad peak is accompanied by the strengthening of the large-scale structures, and that the narrow peak appears once the driving (Ta) is strong enough. As first evidenced in numerical simulations by Brauckmann et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 790, 2016, pp. 419–452), the broad peak is produced by centrifugal instabilities and that the narrow peak is a consequence of shear instabilities. We describe how the peaks change with Ta as the flow becomes more turbulent. Close to the transition to the ultimate regime when the boundary layers (BLs) become turbulent, the usual structure of counter-rotating Taylor vortex pairs breaks down and stable unpaired rolls appear locally. We attribute this state to changes in the underlying roll characteristics during the transition to the ultimate regime. Further changes in the flow structure around Ta ≈ 10^10 cause the broad peak to disappear completely and the narrow peak to move. This second transition is caused when the regions inside the BLs which are locally smooth regions disappear and the whole boundary layer becomes active.
Large scale structures have been observed in many turbulent wall bounded flows, such as pipe, Couette or square duct flows. Many efforts have been made in order to capture such structures to understand and model them. However, commonly used methods have their limitations, such as arbitrariness in parameter choice or specificity to certain setups. In this manuscript we attempt to overcome these limitations by using two variants of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). We apply these methods to (rotating) Plane Couette flow, and verify that DMD-based methods are adequate to detect the coherent structures and to extract the distinct properties arising from different control parameters. In particular, these DMD variants are able to capture the influence of rotation on large-scale structures by coupling velocity components. We also show how high-order DMD methods are able to capture some complex temporal dynamics of the large-scale structures. These results show that DMD-based methods are a promising way of filtering and analysing wall bounded flows.
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4

Diaz, Ricardo H. "Critical evaluation and development of one-equation near-wall turbulence models". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003
Thesis research directed by: Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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5

Prinsloo, Wilma. "Computational models for conformations of cell wall mycolates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06122009-114802/.

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Gunawan, Leonardus. "Numerical models to simulate the thermal performance of LSF wall panels". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49856/1/Leonardus_Gunawan_Thesis.pdf.

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Fire safety of buildings has been recognised as very important by the building industry and the community at large. Gypsum plasterboards are widely used to protect light gauge steel frame (LSF) walls all over the world. Gypsum contains free and chemically bound water in its crystal structure. Plasterboard also contains gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The dehydration of gypsum and the decomposition of calcium carbonate absorb heat, and thus are able to protect LSF walls from fires. Kolarkar and Mahendran (2008) developed an innovative composite wall panel system, where the insulation was sandwiched between two plasterboards to improve the thermal and structural performance of LSF wall panels under fire conditions. In order to understand the performance of gypsum plasterboards and LSF wall panels under standard fire conditions, many experiments were conducted in the Fire Research Laboratory of Queensland University of Technology (Kolarkar, 2010). Fire tests were conducted on single, double and triple layers of Type X gypsum plasterboards and load bearing LSF wall panels under standard fire conditions. However, suitable numerical models have not been developed to investigate the thermal performance of LSF walls using the innovative composite panels under standard fire conditions. Continued reliance on expensive and time consuming fire tests is not acceptable. Therefore this research developed suitable numerical models to investigate the thermal performance of both plasterboard assemblies and load bearing LSF wall panels. SAFIR, a finite element program, was used to investigate the thermal performance of gypsum plasterboard assemblies and LSF wall panels under standard fire conditions. Appropriate values of important thermal properties were proposed for plasterboards and insulations based on laboratory tests, literature review and comparisons of finite element analysis results of small scale plasterboard assemblies from this research and corresponding experimental results from Kolarkar (2010). The important thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density) of gypsum plasterboard and insulation materials were proposed as functions of temperature and used in the numerical models of load bearing LSF wall panels. Using these thermal properties, the developed finite element models were able to accurately predict the time temperature profiles of plasterboard assemblies while they predicted them reasonably well for load bearing LSF wall systems despite the many complexities that are present in these LSF wall systems under fires. This thesis presents the details of the finite element models of plasterboard assemblies and load bearing LSF wall panels including those with the composite panels developed by Kolarkar and Mahendran (2008). It examines and compares the thermal performance of composite panels developed based on different insulating materials of varying densities and thicknesses based on 11 small scale tests, and makes suitable recommendations for improved fire performance of stud wall panels protected by these composite panels. It also presents the thermal performance data of LSF wall systems and demonstrates the superior performance of LSF wall systems using the composite panels. Using the developed finite element of models of LSF walls, this thesis has proposed new LSF wall systems with increased fire rating. The developed finite element models are particularly useful in comparing the thermal performance of different wall panel systems without time consuming and expensive fire tests.
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7

Visonà, Nicolò. "Study of plasma-wall interaction by fast cameras and numerical models". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427219.

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The present thesis is the product of three years of research in the field on magnetically confined nuclear fusion, that has the ultimate goal of demonstrating the possibility of obtaining clean energy from fusion of light nuclei. One of the current problems in this field deals with the interaction between the plasma and the wall of the containing device. Heat and particle fluxes impinging on the first wall can damage the machine structure and, on the other hand, particles expelled by plasma facing materials can degradate the performance and threat the very goal of reaching controlled fusion. The activity carried out during the Ph.D. concerned the study of plasma-wall interactions, focusing on three main topics. The first was a numerical study of advanced magnetic configurations to mitigate heat load and power density deposited on the divertor plates of FAST, a tokamak proposed as a satellite experiment for ITER. The following activity has ben done at RFX-mod, a Reversed-Field Pinch magnetic confinement experiment located in Padova, Italy. The plasma interaction with tungsten covered samples has been studied to investigate the properties of the material for its possible employment in a machine upgrade. As last activity, heat fluxes of the plasma edge have been measured through the instertion of graphite samples in limiter configuration, measuring the heat decay length for the first time in an RFP. The work is organized as follows. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction to fusion plasmas, magnetic confinement and main toroidal configurations studied. A short presentation of RFX-mod is given along with a quick glance to ITER. Chapter 2 gives a more detailed introduction to the topic of plasma edge, introducing concepts that are at the basis of the work presented later, as the divertor and the limiter configuration. Physical phenomena as recycling and superthermal electrons are also introduced here. Chapter 3 describes numerical simulations in the framework of preliminary studies for the proposed FAST tokamak. A quasi-snowflake divertor configuration has been studied and compared against a standard divertor using the EDGE2D/EIRENE code. Chapter 4 presents experimental measurements of surface properties of tungsten covered and full graphite samples. The activity was carried out at RFX-mod with a fast visible camera that measured the samples interactions with the plasma and a comparative analysis has been performed. Chapter 5 describes the investigation of heat flux properties of the plasma edge of the RFP through graphite samples inserted as limiters in the RFX-mod plasma. The measured temperature has been converted to heat flux with two software tools, that have been benchmarked. Heat fluxes and the measured heat decay length have been analyzed and correlated with plasma parameters. Conclusions are presented in the last chapter with an overview of possible future developments.
La tesi presentata è il risultato di tre anni di ricerca nel settore della fusione nucleare a confinamento magnetico, che ha come obiettivo di dimostrare la possibilità di ottenere energia pulita dalla fusione di atomi leggeri. Uno dei problemi attuali in questo campo riguarda l'interazione tra il plasma e la parete del dispositivo che lo contiene. Infatti i carichi termici e i flussi di particelle che incidono sulla prima parete possono danneggiare la struttura della macchina e, d'altra parte, le particelle rilasciate dai materiali che si affacciano al plasma possono influire negativamente sulle prestazioni e sul raggiungimento stesso dell'obiettivo della fusione controllata. L'attività svolta durante il periodo del dottorato di ricerca si è concentrata sullo studio dell'interazione plasma-parete, focalizzandosi su tre argomenti principali. Il primo è stato uno studio numerico di configurazioni magnetiche avanzate per ridurre sia l'intensità che la densità del flusso di calore incidente sul divertore di FAST, un tokamak proposto come esperimento satellite di ITER. Successivamente l'attività è stata svolta su RFX-mod, un'esperimento situato a Padova di confinamento magnetico in configurazione Reversed-Field Pinch. Si è studiata sperimentalmente l'interazione del plasma con dei provini ricoperti di tungsteno per analizzare le proprietà di questo materiale e valu-tarne il possibile impiego per future modifiche dell'esperimento. Come ultima attività sono stati misurati i flussi termici nel bordo del plasma tramite l'inserimento di campioni di grafite in configurazione limiter, misurando la lunghezza di decadimento del calore per la prima volta in un RFP. Il lavoro è presentato come segue. Il Capitolo 1 dà un'introduzione generale ai plasmi da fusione, al confinamento magnetico e alle principali configurazioni toroidali studiate. Viene fatta una breve introduzione a RFX-mod insieme ad uno sguardo a ITER. Il Capitolo 2 fornisce un'introduzione all'argomento del bordo plasma, introducendo concetti che sono alla base del lavoro presentato di seguito, come le configurazioni di divertore e limiter. Sono anche introdotti fenomeni fisici come il riciclaggio e gli elettroni sopratermici. Il Capitolo 3 descrive le simulazioni numeriche fatte nel contesto di studi preliminari per il tokamak proposto FAST. Una configurazione quasi-snowflake è stata studiata e confrontata a una di divertore standard usando il codice EDGE2D/EIRENE. Il Capitolo 4 presenta misure sperimentali di proprietà superficiali di provini ricoperti di tungsteno e di pura grafite. L'attività è stata svolta a RFX-mod con una telecamera veloce nel visibile che ha misurato le interazioni con il plasma ed è stata svolta un'analisi comparativa. Il Capitolo 5 descrive l'indagine sulle proprietà del flusso di calore del bordo del plasma di un RFP attraverso l'inserimento di campioni di grafite in configurazione limiter nel plasma di RFX-mod. La temperatura misurata è stata convertita in flusso termico da due software che sono stati standardizzati. I flussi termici e la lunghezza di decadimento del calore misurata sono stati analizzati e correlati con i parametri di plasma. Le Conclusioni sono presentate nell'ultimo capitolo insieme ad una panoramica sui possibili sviluppi futuri.
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Gupta, Vikrant. "Linear amplification analysis for extraction of coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulent flows". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708610.

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Sánchez, Rocha Martín. "Wall-models for large eddy simulation based on a generic additive-filter formulation". Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28086.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Menon, Suresh; Committee Member: Cvitanović, Predrag; Committee Member: Sankar, Lakshmi N.; Committee Member: Smith, Marilyn J.; Committee Member: Yeung, Pui-Kuen
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Chin, David 1982. "Wall shear patterns of a 50% asymmetric stenosis model using photochromic molecular flow visualization". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111613.

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Photochromic Molecular Flow Visualization is an in vitro, experimental technique that uses high speed image acquisition combined with an ultraviolet laser to capture instantaneous flow profiles. It is particularly adept at measuring near wall velocities which are necessary for accurate wall shear rate measurements. This thesis describes the implementation and validation of the technique at McGill. The system was used to investigate the wall shear rate patterns in an idealized 50% asymmetric stenosis model under steady flow for Reynolds numbers 206, 99 and 50. A large recirculation zone with flow reattachment was seen downstream of the stenosis with maximum shear values occurring slightly upstream of peak stenosis for Reynolds number 206. This information is vital to ongoing dynamic cell culture experiments aimed at understanding the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Libros sobre el tema "Wall models"

1

Lo, Andrew W. A non-random walk down Wall Street. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2002.

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1955-, MacKinlay Archie Craig, ed. A non-random walk down Wall Street. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1999.

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N, Mansour N. y United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of near-wall turbulence. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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N, Mansour N. y United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of near-wall turbulence. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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N, Mansour N. y United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of near-wall turbulence. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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1943-, Kim J., Moin Parviz y Ames Research Center, eds. Near-wall k-[epsilon] turbulence modeling. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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1943-, Kim J., Moin Parviz y Ames Research Center, eds. Near-wall k-[epsilon] turbulence modeling. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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International Conference on Near-Wall Turbulent Flows (1993 Tempe, Ariz.). Near-wall turbulent flows. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

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So, Ronald M. C. A review of near-wall Reynolds-stress closures. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A wall interference assessment/correction system. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Wall models"

1

Aliabadi, Amir A. "Wall Models". En Turbulence, 235–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95411-6_18.

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Seltmann, Guntram y Otto Holst. "Cell Wall Models". En The Bacterial Cell Wall, 204–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04878-8_7.

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Rao, Vadrevu Sree Hari y Ponnada Raja Sekhara Rao. "Wall Growth". En Dynamic Models and Control of Biological Systems, 175–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0359-4_5.

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Nasır, Serdar. "Abdominal Wall Transplant Models". En Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 349–60. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_43.

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Lin, Tsau Young T. Y. "Chinese Wall Security Policy Models". En Data and Applications Security XVII, 275–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8070-0_20.

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Davidson, Lars, Davor Cokljat, Jochen Fröhlich, Michael A. Leschziner, Chris Mellen y Wolfgang Rodi. "Task 2: Near-wall models". En Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM), 22–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36457-3_3.

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Post, Douglass E. "Models of Plasma Wall Interactions". En Computer Applications in Plasma Science and Engineering, 402–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3092-2_15.

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Blaauwendraad, Johan. "Wall with Large Opening". En Stringer-Panel Models in Structural Concrete, 57–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76678-2_8.

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Demuren, A. O. y R. V. Wilson. "On Elliptic Relaxation Near Wall Models". En Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, 61–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1034-1_6.

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Chesson, Andrew. "Mechanistic Models of Forage Cell Wall Degradation". En Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility, 347–76. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1993.foragecellwall.c14.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Wall models"

1

Piomelli, Ugo. "Wall-Layer Models for LES". En 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-603.

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Mert Aybat, S., José Santiago, George Alverson, Pran Nath y Brent Nelson. "Bulk Fermions in Soft Wall Models". En SUSY09: 7th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3327685.

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"High wall with two openings". En SP-208: Examples for the Design of Structural Concrete with Strut-and-Tie Models. American Concrete Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/12421.

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Cheng, Allen, Frank Langer, Filiberto Rodriguez, John C. Criscione, George T. Daughters, D. Craig Miller y Neil B. Ingels. "Transmural LV Systolic Wall Thickening Gradients and Models of Heart Wall Mechanics". En ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61238.

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We implanted arrays of radiopaque markers to measure lateral equatorial wall transmural strains and global and regional LV geometry in 7 sheep. Without intervening procedures, one and eight weeks after surgery, 4-D datasets from stereo radiographic studies were processed to yield transmural strains from each heart. In accordance with previous theoretical predictions and experimental results, we hypothesized that systolic radial strain (i.e., wall thickening) would exhibit a transmural gradient, increasing from subepicardium to subendocardium, and, as previous work suggested that this was a fundamental mechanism, this gradient would be observed at both the one- and eight-week studies. The one-week studies yielded the expected gradient. This gradient, however, was not present in the eight-week studies, although LV shape and hemodynamics were virtually identical to their one-week values. We discuss the implications of these findings to mechanistic theories of heart wall mechanics.
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Bamnote, Gajendra, Gajendra Patil, Amol Shejole, R. B. Patel y B. P. Singh. "Social Networking—Another Breach In The Wall". En INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METHODS AND MODELS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICM2ST-10). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3526180.

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Ioi, Kiyoshi, Hiroki Yokoi y Masataka Kimura. "Development of a compact and rapid wall-climber". En 2013 18th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2013.6669931.

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Villasmil, Larry, Hamn-Ching Chen y Dara Childs. "Evaluation of Near-Wall Turbulence Models for Liquid Annular Seals with Roughened Walls". En 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3741.

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Arroyo Callejo, G., E. Laroche, P. Millan y F. Leglaye. "A Wall-Function Based Model for Multi-Perforated Walls". En ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42103.

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Effusion cooling is one of the most effective techniques to prevent combustor liner from being damaged. As effusion-cooled liners are comprised of a large number of sub-millimeters closely-spaced holes, full 3D numerical simulations of the combustion chamber are still unaffordable. Thus, aero-thermal models are needed to describe the main flow-liner interaction. The aim of this paper is to provide a homogeneous wall model for gas turbine combustor liners based on wall-function similarities. In order to develop such a model, a numerical database was built up covering a wide range of interest for gas turbine applications. The model proposed here consists of two modified wall-functions for both sides of a liner and an analytical model to take into account the heat exchange within the holes. As holes are not reproduced and coarse near-wall grids are sufficient, the computational cost of this methodology is very low. The performance and limitations of the model are discussed. The model has proved satisfactory in assessing the effect of a liner on the surrounding and vice-versa. Although discrepancies were observed for the first rows, momentum and heat fluxes between the flow and the impinged wall are reproduced with a good level of agreement. Overall effectiveness is predicted with a mean relative error of less than 5%.
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Konstandopoulos, Athanasios G., Margaritis Kostoglou y Souzana Lorentzou. "Wall-scale Reaction Models in Diesel Particulate Filters". En SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1130.

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Sliman, H., F. Khalifa, A. Elnakib, A. Soliman, G. M. Beache, G. Gimel'farb, A. Emam, A. Elmaghraby y A. El-Baz. "Accurate segmentation framework for the left ventricle wall from cardiac cine MRI". En 2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4825021.

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Informes sobre el tema "Wall models"

1

Moin, Parviz, Jeremy A. Templeton y Meng Wang. Wall Models for Large-Eddy Simulation Based on Optimal Control Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junio de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada451008.

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Eli, M. W., M. A. Gerhard, C. L. Lee, S. C. Sommer y T. G. Woehrle. NIF Periscope Wall Modal Study Comparison of Results for 2 FEA Models with 2 Modal Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013511.

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Zareian, Farzin y Joel Lanning. Development of Testing Protocol for Cripple Wall Components (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/olpv6741.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA project is to provide scientifically-based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3.2 and focuses on Loading Protocol Development for Component Testing. It presents the background, development process, and recommendations for a quasi-static loading protocol to be used for cyclic testing of cripple wall components of wood-frame structures. The recommended loading protocol was developed for component testing to support the development of experimentally informed analytical models for cripple wall components. These analytical models are utilized for the performance-based assessment of wood-frame structures in the context of the PEER–CEA Project. The recommended loading protocol was developed using nonlinear dynamic analysis of representative multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to sets of single-component ground motions that varied in location and hazard level. Cumulative damage of the cripple wall components of the MDOF systems was investigated. The result is a testing protocol that captures the loading history that a cripple wall may experience in various seismic regions in California.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson y Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens II (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ldbn4070.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4 (WG4): Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. This report focuses stucco or “wet” exterior finishes. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves two of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego). Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish style, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the third phase of testing, which consisted of eight specimens, as well as half of the fourth phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens where three will be discussed. Although conducted in different phases, their results are combined here to co-locate observations regarding the behavior of the second phase the wet (stucco) finished specimens. The results of first phase of wet specimen tests were presented in Schiller et al. [2020(a)]. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto ten cripple walls of 12 ft long and 2 or 6 ft high. One cripple wall was tested with a monotonic loading protocol. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions on the top and corners of the walls as well as being tested with the same vertical load. Parameters addressed in this report include: wet exterior finishes (stucco over framing, stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing, and stucco over diagonal lumber sheathing), cripple wall height, loading protocol, anchorage condition, boundary condition at the bottom of the walls, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, including instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. Companion reports present phases of the tests considering, amongst other variables, impacts of various boundary conditions, stucco (wet) and non-stucco (dry) finishes, vertical load, cripple wall height, and anchorage condition. Results from these experiments are intended to support advancement of numerical modeling tools, which ultimately will inform seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100,Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson y Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Dry Specimens (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/vsjs5869.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measures and documents seismic performance of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Three primary tasks support the earthquake loss-modeling effort. They are: (1) the development of ground motions and loading protocols that accurately represent the diversity of seismic hazard in California; (2) the execution of a suite of quasi-static cyclic experiments to measure and document the performance of cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies to develop and populate loss models; and (3) nonlinear response history analysis on cripple wall-supported buildings and their components. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. This present report focuses on non-stucco or “dry” exterior finishes. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present report involves two of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at University of California San Diego (UC San Diego). Details representative of era-specific construction–specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction–are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish style, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses all eight specimens in the second phase of testing and three of the six specimens in the fourth phase of testing. Although conducted in different testing phases, their results are combined here to co-locate observations regarding the behavior of all dry finished specimens. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto eleven cripple walls. Each specimen was 12 ft in length and 2-ft or 6-ft in height. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls. Parameters addressed in this report include: dry exterior finish type (shiplap horizontal lumber siding, shiplap horizontal lumber siding over diagonal lumber sheathing, and T1-11 wood structural panels), cripple wall height, vertical load, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol (including instrumentation), and measured as well as physical observations are summarized. Results from these experiments are intended to support advancement of numerical modeling tools, which ultimately will inform seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100 Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson y Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens I (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/dqhf2112.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing and focuses on the first phase of an experimental investigation to study the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls with sill anchorage. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves the first of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the UC San Diego. Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish materials, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the first phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens. Phase 1 including quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load testing of six 12-ft-long, 2-ft high cripple walls. All specimens in this phase were finished on their exterior with stucco over horizontal sheathing (referred to as a “wet” finish), a finish noted to be common of dwellings built in California before 1945. Parameters addressed in this first phase include: boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls, attachment of the sill to the foundation, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. In addition, this report discusses the rationale and scope of subsequent small-component test phases. Companion reports present these test phases considering, amongst other variables, the impacts of dry finishes and cripple wall height (Phases 2–4). Results from these experiments are intended to provide an experimental basis to support numerical modeling used to develop loss models, which are intended to quantify the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100, Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson y Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component - Test Program: Comparisons (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/lohh5109.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4 (WG4): Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofit and existing cripple walls. Amongst the body of reports from WG4, in the present report, a suite of four small cripple wall test phases, in total 28 specimens, are cross compared with varied exterior finishes, namely stucco (wet) and non-stucco (dry) exterior finishes. Details representative of era specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction are of predominant focus in the present effort. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto cripple walls of 12 ft in length and 2 ft or 6 ft in height. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions and tested with the same vertical load. Parameters addressed in this report include: wet exterior finishes (stucco over framing, stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing, and stucco over diagonal lumber sheathing); and dry exterior finishes (horizontal siding, horizontal siding over diagonal sheathing, and T1-11 wood structural panels) with attention towards cripple wall height and the retrofit condition. The present report provides only a brief overview of the test program and setup; whereas a series of three prior reports present results of test groupings nominally by exterior finish type (wet versus dry). As such, herein the focus is to cross compare key measurements and observations of the in-plane seismic behavior of all 28 specimens.
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Azadi, Paratoo. 8th Annual Glycoscience Symposium: Integrating Models of Plant Cell Wall Structure, Biosynthesis and Assembly. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221374.

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Haworth, Daniel C., Volker Sick y James P. Szybist. Development and Validation of Predictive Models for In-Cylinder Radiation and Wall Heat Transfer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1579326.

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Van Every, D. y J. Harris. Slotted-wall research with disk and parachute models in the DSMA low-speed wind tunnel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6821954.

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