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Dongmo, Nguepi Guissel Lagnol. "Modèles mathématiques et numériques avancés pour la simulation du polymère dans les réservoirs pétroliers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG077.
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Une technique efficace pour accroître la production d’un champ pétrolier consiste à y injecter un mélange d’eau et de polymère. La viscosité du polymère réduit en effet la mobilité de l’eau, qui pousse alors mieux l’huile, d’où un taux d’extraction plus élevé. La simulation numérique d’un tel procédé de récupération d’hydrocarbures revêt donc d’une importance capitale. Or, malgré des décennies de recherche, la modélisation des écoulements avec polymère en milieu poreux et sa résolution numérique demeurent un sujet difficile. D’une part, les modèles habituellement employés par les ingénieurs de réservoir présentent, au mieux, des singularités de type résonance qui les rend faiblement hyperboliques. Ce défaut donne lieu à certaines complicationsD’une part, les modèles habituellement employés par les ingénieurs de réservoir présentent, au mieux, des singularités de type résonance qui les rend faiblement hyperboliques. Ce défaut donne lieu à certaines complications mais reste acceptable. Au pire, quand on veut incorporer l’effet du volume de pore inaccessible (IPV), les modèles deviennent non hyperboliques, ce qui aggrave les instabilités numériques susceptibles d’apparaître.D’autre part, les schémas numériques classiques ne conduisent pas à des résultats satisfaisants. Sans IPV, la diffusion excessive autour de l’onde de contact fait perdre les informations pertinentes. Avec IPV, l’existence des valeurs propres complexes crée des instabilités exponentielles au niveau continu qu’il faut traiter au niveau discret sous peine d’arrêt prématuré du code.L’objectif de cette thèse est de remédier à ces difficultés. Au niveau des modèles, nous analysons plusieurs lois d’IPV et établissons une équivalence entre deux d’entre elles. Nous proposons de surcroît des conditions suffisantes raisonnables sur la loi d’IPV en vue de l’hyperbolicité faible du système d’écoulement. Au niveau des schémas pour le problème sans IPV, nous préconisons une correction afin d’améliorer la précision des discontinuités de contact. Pour le problème avec IPV,nous élaborons une méthode de relaxation qui garantit la stabilité des calculs quelle que soit la loi IPVAn effective technique to increase production in an oil field is to inject a mixture of water and polymer. The viscosity of polymer reduces the mobility of water, which then pushes oil better, resulting in a higher extraction rate. The numerical simulation of such an enhanced oil recovery is therefore of paramount importance. However, despite decades of research, the modeling of polymer flows in porous media and its numerical resolution remains a difficult subject.On the one hand, the models traditionally used by reservoir engineers exhibit, in the best case, resonance-like singularities that make them weakly hyperbolic. Thisdefect gives rise to some complications but remains acceptable. In the worst case, when we wish to incorporate the effect of the inaccessible pore volume (IPV), themodels become non-hyperbolic, which exacerbates the numerical instabilities that are likely to appear.On the other hand, classical numerical schemes do not yield satisfactory results. Without IPV, the excessive diffusion around the contact wave causes the most relevant information to be lost. With IPV, the existence of complex eigenvalues generates exponential instabilities at the continuous level that must be addressed at the discrete level to avoid a premature stop of the code.The objective of this thesis is to remedy these difficulties. Regarding models, we analyze several IPV laws and show an equivalence between two of them. Furthermore, we propose reasonable sufficient conditions on the IPV law to enforce weak hyperbolicity of the flow system. Regarding schemes for the problem without IPV, we advocate a correction to improve the accuracy of contact discontinuities. For the problem with IPV, we design a relaxation method that guarantees the stability of the calculations for all IPV laws
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Adams, Aaron J. "Relationships between observed pore and pore-throat geometries, measured porosity and permeability, and indirect measures of pore volume by nuclear magnetic resonance". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4710.
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Carbonate reservoirs are a network of pores and connecting pore-throats that
contain at least half of the world's oil. Genetic classification of carbonate pores enables
one to map the pore types that have greatest influence on reservoir performance.
Though NMR logging has been used to estimate pore sizes, it has not been used to
identify genetic pore types or to aid in determinations of reservoir quality for different
pore assemblages.
Five genetic pore types identified in 40 carbonate and 7 sandstone samples were
subjected to NMR measurements. Results reveal close correspondence between NMRderived
pore volumes and 2-D pore size and shape gleaned from petrographic image
analysis. Comparisons of real and synthetic pore shapes showed that shapes of all pore
types in the medium size range of 0.02-0.5mm can be reliably compared with synthetic
varieties, but such comparisons were unreliable for vuggy pores smaller than 0.5mm. T2
relaxation times for depositional pores exhibit low amplitude, narrow wavelength
responses. Moldic pores produced medium amplitude, asymmetrical wavelength responses, and intercrystalline pores show high amplitude, narrow wavelength
responses. NMR-derived pore volumes on pores with ferroan dolomite interiors
underestimated pore diameter by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Calculated pore-throat
sizes from MICP data correlate strongly with measured permeability.
Samples with high, intermediate, or low poroperm values displayed characteristic
T2 curves confirming that reservoir quality can be estimated from NMR measurements.
Future work is expected to show that NMR logging can estimate reservoir quality at
field scale and aid in mapping flow units in compartmentalized reservoirs.
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Holmes, Gary John. "Early age volume change and pore pressure development in cement pastes". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243815.
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Bunker, Daniel Thomas. "The Influence of drying rate on the pore volume distribution of clay coatings". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5783.
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Panontin, Flavia. "Determinação de volume de poro de silicas para CLAE utilizando espectroscopia no infravermelho proximo". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250552.
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Orientador: Ivo Milton Raimundo JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Um método para a determinação do volume de poros de sílicas, utilizadas como suportes de fases estacionárias para CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência), foi desenvolvido utilizando a espectroscopia na região do infravermelho próximo (NIR). Foram preparadas amostras pela adição de sílica em soluções de diferentes concentrações de compostos de recobrimento, como polímeros, hidrocarbonetos lineares e ramificados, nujol, glicerol, entre outros, em meio de diclorometano ou metanol. Foram registrados espectros de reflectância difusa na região de 1100 a 2300 nm. Os espectros obtidos foram submetidos à primeira derivada e as intensidades em 1688 nm (primeiro sobretom de ligações C-H) foram empregadas para a construção de uma curva em função da carga inicial (massa recobrimento/massa total) da amostra. Foram obtidos dois ramos lineares, o primeiro (praticamente paralelo à abscissa) indica que a imobilização do reagente no interior dos poros da sílica, e o segundo mostra um aumento crescente dos valores de primeira derivada, indicando o recobrimento de sua superfície externa. A intersecção destas duas retas fornece o valor de carga equivalente ao total preenchimento dos poros. Os resultados obtidos de volume de poro são concordantes com os valores fornecidos pelo método padrão (BJH), apresentando desvios padrão menores que 10%. O método proposto apresenta boa reprodutibilidade, com desvios menores que 1,0%, sendo rápido, simples e não destrutivo o que mostra uma grande vantagem frente ao método BJH, que faz uso de equipamentos caros e procedimentos lentos
Abstract: A method for the determination of pore volume of silicas, used as stationary phases for HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was developed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Samples were prepared by the addition of silica in covering compounds solutions of different concentrations, as linear and ramified polymers, hydrocarbons, nujol, glycerol, and among others, using dichloromethane or methanol as solvents. Diffuse reflectance spectra were registered in the 1100 to 2300 nm region. Spectra were submitted to a first derivative pre-treatment and the intensities at 1688 nm (first overtone of C-H bonds) were used for the construction of a curve as a function of the initial load (covering/total mass) of the sample. Two linear branches were obtained; the first one (practically parallel to the abscissa) indicates the immobilization of the reagent in the interior silica pores, and the second one shows increasing values of first derivative, indicating the covering of its external surface. The intersession of these two straight lines supplies the load value that is equivalent to the total fulfilling of the pores. The results obtained for of pore volume are in agreement with those supplied by the standard method (BJH), presenting deviation lower than 10 %. The proposed method presents good reproducibility with standard deviation lower than 1.0 %, being fast, simple and no destructive technique, that is a great advantage over the BJH method, which uses expensive equipment and slow procedures
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Huang, Baiyu. "Facile Synthesis and Improved Pore Structure Characterization of Mesoporous γ-Alumina Catalyst Supports with Tunable Pore Size". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3553.
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Mesoporous γ-alumina is the most extensively used catalysts support in a wide range of catalytic processes. The usefulness of γ-alumina relies on its favorable combination of physical, textural, thermal, and chemical properties. Pore structure properties are among the most important properties, since high surface area and large pore volume enable higher loading of active catalytic phases, while design of pore size and pore size distribution is critical to optimize pore diffusional transport and product selectivity. In addition, accurate determination of surface area (SA), pore volume (PV) and pore size distribution (PSD) of porous supports, catalysts, and nanomaterials is vital to successful design and optimization of these materials and to the development of robust models of pore diffusional resistance and catalyst deactivation.In this dissertation, we report a simple, one-pot, solvent-deficient process to synthesize mesoporous γ-alumina without using external templates or surfactants. XRD, TEM, TGA and N2 adsorption techniques are used to characterize the morphologies and structures of the prepared alumina nanomaterials. By varying the aluminum salts or the water to aluminum molar ratio in the hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides, γ-alumina with different morphologies and pore structures are synthesized. The obtained alumina nanomaterials have surface areas ranging from 210 m2/g to 340 m2/g, pore volumes ranging from 0.4 cm3/g to 1.7 cm3/g, and average pore widths from 4 to 18 nm. By varying the alcohols used in the rinsing and gelation of boehmite/bayerite precursors derived from a controlled hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides, the average pore width of the γ-aluminas can be tuned from 7 to 37 nm. We also report improved calculations of PSD based on the Kelvin equation and a proposed Slit Pore Geometry model for slit-shaped mesopores of relatively large pore size (>10 nm). Two structural factors, α and β, are introduced to correct for non-ideal pore geometries. The volume density function for a log normal distribution is used to calculate the geometric mean pore diameter and standard deviation of the PSD. The Comparative Adsorption (αs) Method is also employed to independently assess mesopore surface area and volume.
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Karakas, Z. K., R. Boncukcuoglu y I. H. Karakas. "The Effects of Fuel Type Above Adsorbtive Properties of the Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles synthesized with Microwave Method". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35271.
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In this study, we were able to develop a new and practical method for the synthesis of the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles was used various fuel substances such as glycine, urea and citric acid. The synthesis mixture prepared in stoichiometric rates was put in to the kitchen type microwave oven. In the end of reaction time was obtained a brown-black solid. The obtained solid was characterized with X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results of this analysis showed that all of the obtained particles has got nano-size particle size distribution. Later, the nanoparticles were analyzed by using a surface area analyzer and their adsorptive properties were investigated such as surface area and average pore size. We observed that the nanoparticles prepared with urea has the highest surface area. However, fuel type used in synthesis is quite effective on the surface properties of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35271
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Amgarten, Dione Rodrigues. "Determinação do volume especifico de poros de silicas cromatograficas por dessorção de liquidos em excesso". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250692.
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Orientador: Kenneth Elmer CollinsDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: A determinação do volume específico de poros (sV) de sílicas cromatográficas do tipo CLAE é importante porque o sV e uma característica fundamental da sílica que se relaciona diretamente aos parâmetros importantes (tamanho de poro e área superficial) para aplicações cromatográficas. A determinação do sV é normalmente feita por aparelhos de adsorção/dessorção de nitrogênio (baixas temperaturas: ~75K)) e de intrusão de mercúrio (alta pressão). A instrumentação usada nestes procedimentos é bastante cara e requer operadores bem treinados. Por isso, o objetivo deste projeto foi desenvolver um procedimento relativamente rápido, confiável, de baixo custo e que pudesse ser realizado, por estudantes e técnicos com um treinamento especial mínimo, em qualquer laboratório. Começando com um procedimento de adsorção volumétrica, publicado na literatura, um novo procedimento de dessorção gravimétrica que usa a mesma amostra várias vezes (reciclagem) para obter determinações estatisticamente confiáveis foi desenvolvido. As influências da umidade e da mudança do líquido volátil utilizado foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que independente do líquido volátil utilizado, o valor de sV é preciso e se encontra bem próximo dos valores obtidos pelos procedimentos instrumentais convencionais. O procedimento requer aproximadamente de 6-8 horas para 1-5 determinações. O procedimento pode ser empregado no próprio ambiente do laboratório sem interferência da umidade do ambiente. Comparações com os outros procedimentos mostram que os valores de sV obtidos são precisos e provavelmente mais exatos do que os fornecidos por estes outros
Abstract: The determination of the specific pore volume (sV) of chromatographic silicas of the type used in HPLC is important because the sV is a fundamental characteristic of the silica which relates directly to parameters (pore size and surface area) important to chromatography applications. The determination of sV is usually made by means of adsorption/desorption of nitrogen at low temperature (~75K) or of intrusion of mercury at high pressure. The instrumentation for these procedures are quite expensive, and require well trained operators. Therefore, the objective this project was to developed a relatively fast and reliable procedure, of low cost that could be accomplished at any laboratory by students or technicians with a minimum of special training. Starting with a volumetric adsorption procedure published in the literature a new gravimetric desorption procedure was developed which uses the same sample several times (recycling) to obtain statistically confident determinations. The influences of the humidity and of the choice of volatile liquid used in the desorption from silica were evaluated. The results show that, independent of the volatile liquid used, the sV value is precise and in close agreement with values obtained by the conventional instrumental procedures. The procedure requires about 6-8 hours to make 1-5 determinations in parallel. The procedure can be employed in a laboratory environment with neglible interference from ambient humidity. Comparisons with the other procedures show thet the sV values obtained are at least as precise and are probably as accurate as they are
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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PANINI, FILIPPO. "Pore-scale characterization of rock images: geometrical analysis and hydrodynamic simulation". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970983.
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Spencer, John M. "Comparing a low-volume piezometer to traditional wells in evaluating hydraulic lag caused by low-permeability sediments". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002435.
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Mihranyan, Albert. "Engineering of Native Cellulose Structure for Pharmaceutical Applications : Influence of Cellulose Crystallinity Index, Surface Area and Pore Volume on Sorption Phenomena". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitesbiblioteket [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4752.
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Tamime, Rahma. "Caractérisations optiques et microscopiques de la structure de membranes organiques d'ultrafiltration : application à la production d'eau potable". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30016.
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Afin d’améliorer la compréhension des effets des coagulants sur les performances des membranes organiques d'ultrafiltration employées dans la production d’eau potable, une caractérisation structurale complète (surface et volume) de l’échelle microscopique à l’échelle macroscopique des membranes (neuves, après filtration de coagulant et après lavage chimique) est utilisée. En premier lieu, les propriétés structurales des membranes planes neuves PES ont été déterminées en fonction du seuil de coupure. Les caractéristiques de surface (taille de pore et taux de remplissage) déterminées par le MEB et les caractéristiques en volume déterminées par l’ellipsométrie de speckle ont montré une évolution croissante avec le seuil de coupure. L’utilisation du LB et de l’AFM avec différentes fenêtres d’observation a montré que la détermination de la rugosité d'une membrane est bien fonction de l'échelle d’observation. L’AFM a permis de différencier les membranes selon leur seuil de coupure mais aussi selon les méthodes de fabrication. En second lieu, l’impact de la nature des coagulants en polychlorosulfate d'aluminium (PAX-XL 7A et Aqualenc F1) sur les propriétés structurales des membranes en PES 100 kDa a été abordé. L'utilisation du modèle d’Hermia et les analyses multi-échelle de la rugosité de surface ont montré que la filtration de suspensions de cogulants de PAX-XL 7A ou Aqualenc F1 produit un dépôt à la surface dû à l’adsorption et/ou la précipitation des produits d’hydrolyse de coagulants, provoquant une modification importante de la morphologie de surface de la membrane. Cette modification structurale est aussi révélée par des mesures du speckle de l’onde diffusée. Des analyses MEB et AFM ont révélé un changement de l’état de surface de la membrane lavées après colmatage. L’extension des techniques de caractérisation structurale, en particulier l'AFM, à l'étude des fibres creuses en AC et PVDF et leur vieillissement a montré une voie d’exploitation très intéressanteFor the better understanding of the effects of the use of coagulants on the performance of ultrafiltration organic membranes applied in the production of drinking water, a complete structural characterization (surface and bulk) from microscopic scale to macroscopic scale of the membranes (new, after filtration of coagulant and after chemical cleaning) is used. First, the structural properties of new flat-sheet PES membranes were determined as a function of MWCO. The characteristics of surface (pore size and recovery rate) determined by SEM and the features of bulk determined by speckle ellipsometry showed an increasing trend with MWCO. The use of WLI and AFM with different observation scales showed that the determination of the roughness of a membrane significantly depends on the observation scale. The AFM was able to differentiate membranes according to their MWCO as well as to the methods of manufacturing. Second, the impact of the nature of aluminum polychlorosulfate coagulants (PAX-XL 7A and Aqualenc F1) on the structural properties of PES 100 kDa membrane is addressed. The use of Hermia model and the analysis of multi-scale surface roughness showed that the filtration of suspensions of coagulants PAX-XL 7A or Aqualenc F1 produces a deposit on the surface through adsorption and/or precipitation of hydrolysis products of coagulant, causing a significant change in the surface morphology of the membrane. This structural modification is also revealed by the measurements of speckle of the light scattering. SEM and AFM analysis revealed a change in the state of surface of the membrane after cleaning of fouled membranes. An extension of the structural characterization techniques, in particular the AFM to the study of hollow fibers and their aging has shown a very interesting way of analysis
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Clarkson, Christopher Raymond. "The effect of coal composition, moisture content, and pore volume distribution upon single and binary gas equilibrium and nonequilibrium adsorption : implications for gas content determination". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ34543.pdf.
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Khosravi, Mardkhe Maryam. "Facile Synthesis and Characterization of a Thermally Stable Silica-Doped Alumina with Tunable Surface Area, Porosity, and Acidity". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3968.
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Mesoporous γ-Al2O3 is one of the most widely used catalyst supports for commercial catalytic applications. The performance of a catalyst strongly depends on the combination of textural, chemical and physical properties of the support. Pore size is essential since each catalytic system requires a unique pore size for optimal catalyst loading, diffusion and selectivity. In addition, high surface area and large pore volume usually result in higher catalyst loading, which increases the number of catalytic reaction sites and decreases reaction time. Therefore, determination of surface area and porosity of porous supports is critical for the successful design and optimization of a catalyst support. Moreover, it is important to produce supports with good thermal stability since pore collapsing due to sintering at high temperatures often results in catalyst deactivation. In addition, the ability to control the acidity of the catalyst enables us to design desirable acid sites to optimize product selectivity, activity, and stability in different catalytic applications. This dissertation presents a simple, one-pot, solvent-deficient method to synthesize thermally stable silica-doped alumina (SDA) without using templates. The XRD (X-ray diffraction), HTXRD (high temperature X-ray diffraction), SS NMR (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), TGA(thermogravimetric analysis), and N2 adosorption techniques are used to characterize the structures of the synthesized SDAs and understand the origin of increased thermal stability. The obtained SDAs have a surface area of 160 m2/g, pore volume of 0.99 cm3/g, and a bimodal pore size distribution of 23 and 52 nm after calcination at 1100◦C. Compared to a commercial SDA, the surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of synthesized SDAs are higher by 46%, 155%, and 94%, respectively. A split-plot fractional-factorial experimental design is also used to obtain a useful mathematical model for the control of textural properties of SDAs with a reduced cost and number of experiments. The proposed quantitative models can predict optimal conditions to produce SDAs with high surface areas greater than 250 m2/g, large pore volume greater than 1 cm3/g, and large (40-60 nm) or medium (16-19 nm) pore diameters. In my approach, I control acid sites formation by altering preparation variables in the synthesis method such as Si/Al ratio and calcination temperatures. The total acidity concentration (Brønsted and Lewis) of the synthesized SDAs are determined using ammonia temperatured program, pyridine fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and MAS NMR. The total acidity concentration is increased by introducing a higher mole ratio of Si to Al. In addition, the total acidity concentration is decreased by increasing calcination temperature while maintaining high surface area, large porosity, and thermal stability of γ-alumina support. I also present an optimized synthesis of various aluminum alkoxides (aluminum n-hexyloxide (AH), aluminum phenoxide (APh) and aluminum isopropoxide (AIP)) with high yields (90-95%). One mole of aluminum is reacted with excess alcohol in the presence of 0.1 mole % mercuric chloride catalyst. The synthesized aluminum alkoxides are used as starting materials to produce high surface area alumina catalyst supports. Aluminum alkoxides and nano aluminas are analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 27Al NMR, gCOSY (2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), IR (infrared spectroscopy), XRD, ICP (induced coupled plasma), and elemental analysis.
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Van, Winkle Stephen C. "The effect of activated carbon on the organic and elemental composition of plant tissue culture medium". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7092.
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Henrysson, Martina. "Experimentell studie på kostnadseffektiva inkjetbestrykningspigment". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-1352.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the print performance of some of the new most promising, cost effective absorbent pigments specialised for inkjet coatings on the market in a continuous drive to find an alternative to silica. The target was a lower production cost for ArjoWiggins inkjet products, OMD 01 and OMD 02. Five absorbent pigments are being evaluated through measuring the qualities of the coating mix itself, visual evaluations of print performance and physical testing of the coated paper. Pigments 1,2 and 3, which all are said to be tailored for inkjet coatings, did not reach the print performance needed for an OMD 01 and OMD 02 equal, due to severe bleed and feathering identified especially on the Epson 950 printer. They are therefore currently not seen as viable formulations. A blend of 50% pigment 5 and 50% silica had excellent print performance as OMD 01 and OMD 02 equivalents and is therefore recommended as a potential alternative to 100% silica. It is of the company’s interest to find a more cost effective solution to their inkjet coatings, and a 50/50 blend of Pigment 5 will save the company more than 35 000 euro per year.
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Luzan, Serhiy. "Materials for Hydrogen storage and synthesis of new materials by hydrogenation". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58663.
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The search for new materials for hydrogen storage is important for the development of future hydrogen energy applications. In this Thesis, it is shown that new materials with interesting properties can be synthesized by the reaction of hydrogen with various nanocarbon precursors. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to studies of hydrogen storage in some metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanostructured carbon materials, while the second part describes synthesis of new materials by the reaction of hydrogen gas with various carbon materials (i.e. fullerene C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and fullerene C60 encapsulated inside SWCNTs (C60@SWCNTs)). Hydrogen adsorption was measured for a set of Zn- and Co-based MOFs at near ambient temperatures. MOFs synthesized using different metal clusters and organic connecting ligands allowed to study effects of different surface area, pore volume, and pore shapes on hydrogen storage parameters. Hydrogen adsorption values in the studied MOFs correlated well with surface area and pore volume but did not exceed 0,75wt.%. Therefore, new methods to improve the hydrogen storage capacity in MOFs were investigated. The addition of metal catalysts was previously reported to improve significantly hydrogen storage in MOFs. In this thesis the effect of Pt catalyst addition on hydrogen adsorption in MOF-5 was not confirmed. Contrary to previous reports, hydrogen adsorption in MOF-5 mixed/modified with Pt catalysts had fast kinetics, correlated well with surface area, and was on the same level as for unmodified MOF-5. New nanostructured carbon materials were synthesized by the reaction between fullerene C60 and coronene/anthracene. Despite negligible surface area these materials adsorbed up to 0,45wt.% of hydrogen at ambient temperatures. The reaction of fullerene C60 with hydrogen gas was studied at elevated temperatures and hydrogen pressures. In situ gravimetric monitoring of the reaction was performed in a broad temperature interval with/without addition of metal catalysts (i.e. Pt and Ni). The reaction resulted in synthesis of hydrogenated fullerenes C60Hx (with x≤56) followed by fullerene cage fragmentation and collapse upon prolonged duration of hydrogen treatment. Possible mechanisms of C60 hydrogenation and fragmentation were discussed. It is demonstrated that reaction of SWCNTs with hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures and hydrogen pressures can be used for nanotube opening, purification from amorphous carbon, side-wall hydrogenation, and partial unzipping of SWCNTs. Some graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were synthesized as the result of SWCNTs unzipping. A surprising ability of hydrogen to penetrate inside SWNTs and to react with encapsulated fullerene C60 was demonstrated.Sökandet efter nya material för vätelagring är viktigt för utveckling av framtida väteenergitillämpningar. I denna avhandling visas att nya material med intressanta egenskaper kan syntetiseras genom reaktion av väte med olika nanokolprekursorer. Avhandlingen består av två delar. Den första delen ägnas åt studier av vätelagring i vissa metall-organiska fackverk (så kallade MOFs) och nanostrukturerade kolmaterial medan den andra delen beskriver syntes av nya material genom reaktion av vätgas med olika kolmaterial (dvs. fulleren C60, enkelväggiga kolnanorör (SWCNTs) och fulleren C60 kapslat i SWCNTs (C60 @ SWCNTs)). Väteadsorptionen mättes för ett antal Zn- och Co-baserade MOFs vid rumstemperatur. MOFs syntetiserades med hjälp av olika metallkluster och organiska ligander för att studera effekterna av olika yta, porvolym och porformer på vätelagringsparametrarna. Väteadsorptionsvärden i de studerade MOFs korrelerade väl med yta och porvolym, men översteg inte 0,75wt.%. Därför undersöktes nya metoder för att förbättra kapaciteten för vätelagring i MOFs. Tillsättning av metallkatalysatorer har tidigare rapporterats avsevärt förbättra vätelagring i MOFs. I denna avhandling kunde effekten av en tillsats av Pt-katalysator på väteadsorption i MOF-5 inte bekräftas. I motsats till tidigare rapporter hade väteadsorption i MOF-5 blandad/modifierad med Pt-katalysatorer snabb kinetik och korrelerade väl med arean, men var på samma nivå som för omodifierad MOF-5. Nya nanostrukturerade kolmaterial syntetiserades genom reaktion mellan fulleren C60 och coronene/antracene. Trots försumbar yta adsorberade dessa material upp till 0,45wt.% väte vid rumstemperatur. Reaktionen av fulleren C60 med vätgas studerades vid förhöjda temperaturer och vätetryck. In situ gravimetrisk övervakning av reaktionen utfördes i ett brett temperaturintervall med/utan tillsats av metallkatalysatorer (dvs. Pt och Ni). Reaktionen resulterade i syntes av hydrogenerade fullerener C60Hx (med x≤56) följt av fragmentering och kollaps av fullerenstrukturen vid förlängd varaktighet av vätebehandlingen. Möjliga mekanismer för hydrering och fragmentering av C60 diskuteras. Det har visats att reaktionen mellan SWCNTs och vätgas vid förhöjda temperaturer och vätetryck kan användas för öppning av nanorör, borttagning av amorft kol, funktionalisering av sidoväggar och partiell "blixtlåsöppning" av SWCNTs. Reaktionen kan också syntetisera grafen-nanoband (GNRs) som en följd av att SWCNTs öppnas på längden. En överraskande stor förmåga för väte att tränga in i SWNT och där reagera med inkapslade fullerenmolekyler C60 demonstrerades.
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Nyagatare, Guillaume. "Effect of soil water regime on spatial and temporal distribution of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O and DOC in the soil pore volume : Case study of a calcaric gleysol in the Southwest of Germany /". Stuttgart : Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000252296.
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Xia, Changlei. "Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Through Self-Activation Process". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849716/.
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Self-activation is a process that takes advantage of the gases emitted from the pyrolysis process of biomass to activate the converted carbon. The pyrolytic gases from the biomass contain CO2 and H2O, which can be used as activating agents. As two common methods, both of physical activation using CO2 and chemical activation using ZnCl2 introduce additional gas (CO2) or chemical (ZnCl2), in which the CO2 emission from the activation process or the zinc compound removal by acid from the follow-up process will cause environmental concerns. In comparison with these conventional activation processes, the self-activation process could avoid the cost of activating agents and is more environmentally friendly, since the exhaust gases (CO and H2) can be used as fuel or feedstock for the further synthesis in methanol production. In this research, many types of biomass were successfully converted into activated carbon through the self-activation process. An activation model was developed to describe the changes of specific surface area and pore volume during the activation. The relationships between the activating temperature, dwelling time, yield, specific surface area, and specific pore volume were detailed investigated. The highest specific surface area and pore volume of the biomass-derived activated carbon through the self-activation process were up to 2738 m2 g-1 and 2.209 cm3 g-1, respectively. Moreover, the applications of the activated carbons from the self-activation process have been studied, including lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing, water cleaning, oil absorption, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
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Chuang, Po-Chun y 莊博鈞. "Preparation of High Pore Volume Vanadium Pentoxide Aerogel for Electrode of Rechargeable Lithium Battery". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50504610997620993401.
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碩士中原大學
奈米科技碩士學位學程
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In this study, the high pore volume vanadium pentoxide aerogel has been successfully prepared by the sol-gel polymerization with an ionic liquid as the template. Furthermore, the vanadium pentoxide composite electrode was prepared by mixing the as-prepared vanadium pentoxide aerogel with the commercial crystalline vanadium pentoxide for use in the rechargeable lithium battery. In addition, the effects of the added high pore volume vanadium pentoxide aerogel on the electrochemical properties and performance of the rechargeable lithium battery are also investigated. The result shows that the as-prepared vanadium pentoxide aerogel is a non-crystalline high porosity mesoporous material with high surface area and high pore volume. It is found that the surface area and pore volume of the vanadium pentoxide aerogel are varied by changing the precursor and solvent used in preparation. The highest pore volume vanadium pentoxide aerogel was prepared by using vanadium oxytriisopropoxide as the precursor, isopropanol as the solvent and the ionic liquid as the template. The result of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test shows that the as-prepared vanadium pentoxide composite electrode with the high pore volume vanadium pentoxide aerogel provides the higher capacitance. Besides, the composite electrode (E-Pvip) with 10wt% of the vanadium pentoxide aerogel, Pvip, exhibits better cycle stability of its CV. Comparing with that for E-Cm, the electrode made with the plain commercial vanadium pentoxide, the 100th cyclic ability of CV for E-Pvip improves from 66% to 97%. The results of the charge-discharge test with the fast charge-discharge rate (1C) shows that the as- prepared vanadium pentoxide composite electrode (E-Pvip) reduces 40% of the irreversible capacity and increases the capacity for about 150 mAh/g. The capacity of E-pvip was 2.7 times higher than that of E-Cm. In addition, after ten times discharges, the capacity of E-Pvip still remains 225 mAh/g. This is ascribed to the higher surface area and pore volume of Pvip, that provies more contact surface area with the electrolyte and more sites for intercalation with more of the lithium ions.
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Willingham, Thomas W. "Analysis of solute mixing at the pore-scale using micromodels and lattice-Boltzmann Finite Volume Modeling /". 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250344.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 1216. Advisers: Charles Werth; Albert Valocchi. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Haynie, Jill M. "Characterization and modeling of petrofacies and pore-volume distribution within a gas-storage reservoir, Ray Reef Field, southern Michigan Basin, Michigan". Thesis, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464502.
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Marcil, Mariannick. "Effet de l'hypertrophie cardiaque physiologique et pathologique sur la régulation du pore de perméabilité transitionnelle". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6472.
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Caguiat, Johnathon. "Nanoporous Carbons: Porous Characterization and Electrical Performance in Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42698.
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Nanoporous carbons have become a material of interest in many applications such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (supercapacitors). Supercapacitors are being studied for their potential in storing electrical energy storage from intermittent sources and in use as power sources that can be charged rapidly. However, a lack of understanding of the charge storage mechanism within a supercapacitor makes it difficult to optimize them. Two components of this challenge are the difficulties in experimentally characterizing the sub-nanoporous structure of carbon electrode materials and the electrical performance of the supercapacitors. This work provides a means to accurately characterize the porous structure of sub-nanoporus carbon materials and identifies the current limitations in characterizing the electrical performance of a supercapacitor cell. Future work may focus on the relationship between the sub-nano porous structure of the carbon electrode and the capacitance of supercapacitors, and on the elucidation of charge storage mechanisms.
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Mollaei, Alireza. "Forecasting of isothermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and waterflood processes". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4671.
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Oil production from EOR and waterflood processes supplies a considerable amount of the world's oil production. Therefore, the screening and selection of the best EOR process becomes important. Numerous steps are involved in evaluating EOR methods for field applications. Binary screening guides in which reservoirs are selected on the basis of reservoir average rock and fluid properties are consulted for initial determination of applicability. However, quick quantitative comparisons and performance predictions of EOR processes are more complicated and important than binary screening that are the objectives of EOR forecasting.
Forecasting (predicting) the performance of EOR processes plays an important role in the study, design and selection of the best method for a particular reservoir or a collection of reservoirs. In EOR forecasting, we look for finding ways to get quick quantitative results of the performance of different EOR processes using analytical model/s before detailed numerical simulations of the reservoirs under study. Although numerical simulation of the reservoirs is widely used, there are significant obstacles that restrict its applicability. Lack of necessary reservoir data and time consuming computations and analyses can be barriers even for history matching and/or predicting EOR/waterflood performance of one reservoir.
There are different forecasting (predictive) models for evaluation of different secondary/tertiary recovery methods. However, lack of a general purpose EOR/waterflood forecasting model is unsatisfactory because any differences in results can be caused by differences in the model rather than differences in the processes. As the main objective of this study, we address this deficiency by presenting a novel and robust analytical-base general EOR and waterflood forecasting model/tool (UTF) that does not rely on conventional numerical simulation. The UTF conceptual model is based on the fundamental law of material balance, segregated flow and fractional flux theories and is applied for both history matching and forecasting the EOR/waterflood processes. The forecasting model generates the key results of isothermal EOR and waterflooding processes including variations of average oil saturation, recovery efficiency, volumetric sweep efficiency, oil cut and oil rate with real or dimensionless time.
The forecasting model was validated against field data and numerical simulation results for isothermal EOR and waterflooding processes. The forecasting model reproduced well (R2> 0.8) all of the field data and reproduced the simulated data even better.
To develop the UTF for forecasting when there is no injection/production history data, we used experimental design and numerical simulation and successfully generated the in-situ correlations (response surfaces) of the forecasting model variables. The forecasting model variables were proven to be well correlated to reservoir/recovery process variables and can be reliably used for forecasting. As an extension to the abilities of the forecasting model, these correlations were used for prediction of volumetric sweep efficiency and missing/dynamic pore volume of EOR and waterflooding processes.text
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Dieckmann, Jan. "Zur Bedeutung der Bodenstruktur für den Ertrag von Zuckerrüben". Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B027-1.
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(8464098), Veerappan Prithivirajan. "MODELING FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS VIA CRYSTAL PLASTICITY". Thesis, 2020.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) introduces high variability in the microstructure and defect distributions, compared with conventional processing techniques, which introduces greater uncertainty in the resulting fatigue performance of manufactured parts. As a result, qualification of AM parts poses as a problem in continued adoption of these materials in safety-critical components for the aerospace industry. Hence, there is a need to develop precise and accurate, physics-based predictive models to quantify the fatigue performance, as a means to accelerate the qualification of AM parts. The fatigue performance is a critical requirement in the safe-life design philosophy used in the aerospace industry. Fatigue failure is governed by the loading conditions and the attributes of the material microstructure, namely, grain size distribution, texture, and defects. In this work, the crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) method is employed to model the microstructure-based material response of an additively manufactured Ni-based superalloy, Inconel 718 (IN718). Using CPFE and associated experiments, methodologies were developed to assess multiple aspects of the fatigue behavior of IN718 using four studies. In the first study, a CPFE framework is developed to estimate the critical characteristics of porosity, namely the pore size and proximity that would cause a significant debit in the fatigue life. The second study is performed to evaluate multiple metrics based on plastic strain and local stress in their ability to predict both the modes of failure as seen in fractography experiments and estimate the scatter in fatigue life due to microstructural variability as obtained from fatigue testing. In the third study, a systematic analysis was performed to investigate the role of the simulation volume and the microstructural constraints on the fatigue life predictions to provide informed guidelines for simulation volume selection that is both computationally tractable and results in consistent scatter predictions. In the fourth study, validation of the CPFE results with the experiments were performed to build confidence in the model predictions. To this end, 3D realistic microstructures representative of the test specimen were created based on the multi-modal experimental data obtained from high-energy diffraction experiments and electron backscatter diffraction microscopy. Following this, the location of failure is predicted using the model, which resulted in an unambiguous one to one correlation with the experiment. In summary, the development of microstructure-sensitive predictive methods for fatigue assessment presents a tangible step towards the adoption of model-based approaches that can be used to compliment and reduce the overall number of physical tests necessary to qualify a material for use in application.