Artículos de revistas: "Voltage drop compensator"

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Karoui, Ridha, Abdelkarim Aouiti, Maha Zoghlami y Faouzi Bacha. "Impact of static synchronous compensator on the stability of a wind farm: Case study of wind farm in Tunisia". Wind Engineering 40, n.º 6 (6 de octubre de 2016): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x16671193.

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The static synchronous compensator is one of the FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) device capable of maintaining the stability of wind turbines during a sudden default. Among these faults, the voltage drops at the connection bus wind turbines. For this fault case, the static synchronous compensator intervenes by injection of the reactive power to compensate the voltage drop. In this article, as application case, we study the wind farm of Bizerte (north of Tunisia). This farm is composed of fixed speed aero-generators using squirrel cage induction generators. Our study begins with modeling the wind system. Next, we describe the technical requirements for connection of a wind energy system to the grid and outfit at the voltage dips (low-voltage ride through) according to STEG (Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas). We also present the structure of static synchronous compensator. Finally, we present the simulation results of the wind farm under low-voltage ride through with and without static synchronous compensator.

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da Silva, Rui Jovita G. C., A. C. Zambroni de Souza, Rafael C. Leme y Dabit Sonoda. "Decentralized secondary voltage control using voltage drop compensator among power plants". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 47 (mayo de 2013): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.10.009.

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Dandotia, Ashish, Mukesh Kumar Gupta, Malay Kumar Banerjee, Suraj Kumar Singh, Bojan Đurin, Dragana Dogančić y Nikola Kranjčić. "Optimal Placement and Size of SVC with Cost-Effective Function Using Genetic Algorithm for Voltage Profile Improvement in Renewable Integrated Power Systems". Energies 16, n.º 6 (10 de marzo de 2023): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062637.

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Given the concern for maintaining voltage stability in power systems integrated with renewable power systems due to a mismatch in generation and demand, there remains a need to invoke flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices in the distribution network. The present paper deals with identifying the locations of placement of a static var compensator in an experimental IEEE 14-bus system; the voltage drop in different buses in an IEEE 14-bus system is calculated by the standard formula. The total voltage drop in the network (TVDN) is also calculated as a reference. The ranking of buses in order of decreasing voltage drop is made, and the weak buses are identified as those showing the maximum or near-maximum voltage drop for the installation of a Static Var Compensator (SVC). The optimum usable size is calculated using a Genetic Algorithm approach to optimize the installation cost. After size optimization, installing a 2 MW solar generator is considered for the weak and most potential bus, which suffers from voltage drops or power loss. Based on the generator at the weakest bus, the total power loss in the network is calculated and compared with a similar method to assess the efficiency of the proposed model. Thus, the voltage stability enhancement problem is solved by applying a Genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize SVC size and using the Total Voltage Drop in Network (TVDN) method to identify weak buses in the systems. It is found that the performance of the proposed system is comparable with another existing system. It is further observed that a gain in power loss to 6.56% is achievable by adopting the proposed strategy, and the gain is better than the other system.

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Kallon, Mohamed Amidu, George Nyauma Nyakoe y Christopher Maina Muriithi. "Development of DSTATCOM Optimal Sizing and Location Technique Based on IA-GA for Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Enhancement in an RDN". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 9, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.090402.

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The efficiency of electrical distribution systems is being more affected by the increase in voltage drops and power losses. These issues of voltage drop and power loss can be significantly minimized by the incorporation of a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) in the distribution network. However, inappropriate positioning and sizing of DSTATCOM can undermine its efficiency. Despite the contributions of many researchers to the optimal placement of DSTATCOM and other compensators in distribution networks, the problems of voltage drop, power losses, and power quality persist, necessitating the need for additional research in this area. In this paper, an innovative technique based on hybridized Immune and Genetic Algorithm (IA-GA) for optimal DSTATCOM placement and sizing for three distinct load levels is proposed. Simulation and analysis of the proposed algorithm were carried out using IEEE-33 bus radial distribution network (RDN) in MATLAB. The simulation results demonstrate a substantial decrease in power loss and a significant improvement in the voltage profile. Evaluation of the proposed method against existing techniques reveals that the proposed technique outperforms IA and PSO in terms of decreasing power loss and enhancement of voltage profiles. A cost-benefit analysis was performed, and it was discovered that the proposed technique yields improved annual cost savings.

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Maciążek, M., D. Grabowski y M. Pasko. "Active power filters – optimization of sizing and placement". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0091.

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Abstract The significant problem of compensator placement and sizing in electrical networks has been analyzed in the paper. The compensation is usually realized by means of passive or active power filters. The former solution is widely used mainly because of the economical reasons, but the latter one becomes more and more popular as the number of nonlinear loads increases. Regardless of the compensator type the most important goal consists in voltage and current distortion drop below levels imposed by standards. Nevertheless, the desired effects should be achieved with the minimum cost. So far a few objective functions have been proposed for this optimization problem. It is claimed that minimization of the compensator currents leads also to the minimum costs. This paper shows that such simplified approach could lead to suboptimal solutions and in fact a function g(·) reflecting the relation between the compensator size and its price must be incorporated into objective functions. Moreover, in this case it is very easy to compare solutions obtained using compensators offered by different suppliers - it is enough to change the function g(·). Theoretical considerations have been illustrated by an example of active power filter allocation and sizing.

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Kikusato, Hiroshi, Naoyuki Takahashi, Jun Yoshinaga, Yu Fujimoto, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Shinichi Kusagawa y Noriyuki Motegi. "Method for Determining Line Drop Compensator Control Parameters of Low-Voltage Regulator Using Random Forest". Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (octubre de 2015): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1299.

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Compensation of a voltage within the appropriate range becomes difficult when a large number of photovoltaic (PV) systems are installed. As a solution to this problem, the installation of a low-voltage regulator (LVR) has been studied. In this paper, we propose a method for instantly and accurately determining the line drop compensator (LDC) method parameters as a part of a voltage management scheme, which consists of prediction, operation, and control. In the proposed method, the solution candidates of the proper LDC parameters are narrowed by using a random forest that learns the relationship between the power-series data and the properness of the LDC parameters, thereby reducing the computational cost. We performed numerical simulations to verify the validity of the proposed method. From the results, the LDC parameters can be rapidly and accurately determined. Additionally, the desirable voltage control performance is verified.

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Noman, M. A. y Fahad A. AL-Zahrani. "SELF GENERATED DC LINK – VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER AS VOLTAGE DROP COMPENSATOR FOR POWER TRANSMISSION LINES". JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 36, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2008): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2008.116161.

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8

Alatshan, Mohammed Salheen, Ibrahim Alhamrouni, Tole Sutikno y Awang Jusoh. "Improvement of the performance of STATCOM in terms of voltage profile using ANN controller". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1966-1978.

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The electronic equipments are extremely sensitive to variation in electric supply. The increasing of a nonlinear system with several interconnected unpredicted and non-linear loads are causing some problems to the power system. The major problem facing the power system is power quality, controlling of reactive power and voltage drop. A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is an important device commonly used for compensation purposes, it can provide reactive support to a bus to compensate voltage level. In this paper, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controlled STATCOM has been designed to replace the conventional PI controller to enhance the STATCOM performance. The ANN controller is proposed due to its simple structure, adaptability, robustness, considering the power grid non linearities. The ANN is trained offline using data from the PI controller. The performance of STATCOM with case of Load increasing and three-phase faults case was analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software on the IEEE 14-bus system. The comprehensive result of the PI and ANN controllers has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed ANN controller in enhancing the STATCOM performance for Voltage profile at different operating conditions. Furthermore, it has produced better results than the conventional PI controller.

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Mukhopadhyay, Bineeta, Rajib Kumar Mandal y Girish Kumar Choudhary. "Voltage Compensation In Wind Power System Using STATCOM Controlled By Soft Computing Techniques". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2017): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp667-680.

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<span lang="EN-US">When severe voltage sags occur in weak power systems associated with grid-connected wind farms employing doubly fed induction generators, voltage instability occurs which may lead to forced disconnection of wind turbine. Shunt flexible AC transmission system devices like static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) may be harnessed to provide voltage support by dynamic injection of reactive power. In this work, the STATCOM provided voltage compensation at the point of common coupling in five test cases, namely, simultaneous occurrence of step change (drop) in wind speed and dip in grid voltage, single line to ground, line to line, double line to ground faults and sudden increment in load by more than a thousand times. Three techniques were employed to control the STATCOM, namely, fuzzy logic, particle swarm optimization and a combination of both. A performance comparison was made among the three soft computing techniques used to control the STATCOM on the basis of the amount of voltage compensation offered at the point of common coupling. The simulations were done with the help of SimPowerSystems available with MATLAB / SIMULINK and the results validated that the STATCOM controlled by all the three techniques offered voltage compensation in all the cases considered.</span>

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Kawahara, Keiji, Yoshifumi Mochinaga, Yasuji Hisamizu, Takashi Inoue y Toshiaki Matsuura. "Compensation of Voltage Drop using Static Var Compensator at Sectioning Post for Shinkansen Power Feeding System". IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 119, n.º 4 (1999): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.119.523.

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Benachour, Souheyla y Omar Bendjeghaba. "Wind Farm Voltage Drop Stabilisation Using SVC Inverter Based on FACTS". Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 2, n.º 01 (15 de junio de 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2020.2.1.2.

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The study focus on maintain of voltage factor in the near-unity network (1pu) using a Static Variables Compensator (SVC). In order to determine the effectiveness of this device to improve the stability of a power system with distributed genetartion in presence of wind farm based on MADA, the power flow is calculated without the existence of the SVC at first, and then when the SVC is integrated. This operation is performed to make a comparison and evaluate the role of the device in the system. However, in order to improve voltage stability as well as minimize power losses for practical power systems, it is important to locate the appropriate place of SVC. Various methods have been developed. The particular CPF method has been proven effective in determining SVC placement. The obtained results are discussed and analysed, it is found that this device provides a considerable reduction in the voltage drop and appreciable control of the voltage at the concerned busbar.

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Mukha, Andrii M. y Oleh I. Bondarr. "Reactive Power Compensation for Non-Traction Railway Consumers". Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, n.º 188 (septiembre de 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1884e.

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This paper deals with the problems of power supply efficiency for non-traction railway customers. Unlike public distribution networks, the non-traction power supply network is within the zone of influence of electromagnetic fields and the conductive influence of the distorted traction current. As a result, poor power quality and additional losses are typical for non-traction railway networks. Subsequently, conflicts due to the low quality of electricity may arise between the railway and its customers powered by the distribution networks of the railway. The influence of a reactive power compensation device on the voltage drop in a non-traction power line is investigated in the article. The implementation of reactive power compensation allows voltage losses during its transmission to the final consumer to be reduced by almost 5% and electricity losses by 3%. Keywords: non-traction consumer, power factor corrector, reactive power compensator, graph of electric network, nodal analysis

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13

Simões Louzeiro, Rennivan, Livia Da Silva Oliveira, David Barbosa de Alencar y Roger Santos Koga. "Study and Simulation of Voltage Profile Recovery on a 200 km Transmission Line Using Shunt Static Var Compensator (SVC)". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2019): 1038–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1965.

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This article aims to clarify how Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology, for static operating devices, conditioned on application to long-distance transmission lines can solve problems related to voltage drop on paths known as “weak zones” of the power transmission system. Some technical aspects of the construction of the SVC Static Reactive Compensator in conjunction with thyristor switching devices such as TCR and TSC are described. The proposed scenario is similar to the Brazilian interconnected system, where much of the generator park is hundreds of miles from the country's major consumer centers, leading to the structure of this system longer transmission lines and consequently greater losses in the transmission paths. For the proposed simulations the MATLAB Simulink ® environment was used considering different voltage unbalance operating ranges caused by three-phase faults in the transmission lines. The conclusions show that the distance from the lines to the load has a great influence on the oscillatory effects of voltage, and the fact that the “loading” transmission lines can compensate for much of the path by generating wars through the circuit's natural capacitance. The allocation of capacitor and shunt reactor banks is a reliable option for the transmission system and can act as a support mechanism for voltage control maneuvers to circumvent abrupt changes in reactive demand. From the simulations output comparison, the transient effects showed greater stability in the voltage signal recovery in the stretches where the compensation blocks were located near the lowering substation bus, thus demonstrating the capacity of the applied technology.

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14

Bimali, Bibek, Sushil Uprety y Ram Prasad Pandey. "VAR Compensation on Load Side using Thyristor Switched Capacitor and Thyristor Controlled Reactor". Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36568.

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Generally, AC loads are the inductive loads which are reactive in nature. These loads, thus, demand and draw reactive power from the supply source. If these loads draw large lagging current from the source, this will cause excessive voltage drop in the line, which can even cause the voltage collapsing in the line itself if the drop in the line is excessively high. VAR compensation means efficient management of reactive power locally to improve the performance of AC power systems. In this paper, Static VAR Compensator, using TSC (Thyristor Switched Capacitor) and TCR (Thyristor Controlled Reactor), is designed and simulated in MATLAB to maintain the power factor of power system nearly to unity at all times. TSC and TCR are basically shunt connected capacitors and inductor respectively whose switching (of capacitors) and firing angle control (of inductor) operations are carried out using thyristors. The purpose of capacitors is to supply lagging VAR as per the demand by the connected loads and the overcompensation due to excess VAR generated by the discrete set of turned on capacitors are absorbed by the adjustable inductive reactance of the inductor in TCR branch through firing angle control mechanism.

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15

Ma, Junjie, Xudong Wang, Siyan Zhang y Hanying Gao. "Distributed Finite-Time Secondary Frequency and Voltage Restoration Control Scheme of an Islanded AC Microgrid". Energies 14, n.º 19 (1 de octubre de 2021): 6266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196266.

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To solve the problems of frequency and voltage deviation caused by the droop control while meeting the requirements of rapid response, a distributed finite-time secondary control scheme is presented. Unlike the traditional cooperative controllers, this scheme is fully distributed; each unit only needs to communicate with its immediate neighbors. A control protocol for frequency restoration and active power sharing is proposed to synchronize the frequency of each unit to the reference value, and achieve accurate active power distribution in a finite-time manner as well. The mismatch of the line impedance is considered, and a consensus-based adaptive virtual impedance control is proposed. The associated voltage drop is considered to be the compensator for the voltage regulation. Then, a distributed finite-time protocol for voltage restoration is designed. The finite-time convergence property and the upper bound of convergence times are guaranteed with rigorous Lyapunov proofs. Case studies in MATLAB are carried out, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness, the robustness to load changes, plug-and play capacity, and better convergence performance of the proposed control scheme.

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Chervonenko, A. P. y D. A. Kotin. "Voltage Dips Compensator with Energy Storage and Load Soft Switching Function". LETI Transactions on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science 15, n.º 10 (2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-8985-2022-15-10-87-96.

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This work is devoted to the development of a simulation model of a voltage drop compensation device containing an electric energy storage device. The proposed control algorithm makes it possible to minimize the shock moment and the current surge of the motor when transferring the load in the event of an emergency. The control system considered in the work implements an algorithm for automatic phase matching of the EMF of the motor and the voltage of the inverter, which allows soft switching function transferring the load from one power source to another. In this case, the electric voltage angle of the inverter is phase-consistent with the decrease EMF of the motor. The calculation of EMF with the allocation of amplitude, phase and frequency is carried out with the help of an observer developed by the authors. As a result, a workable simulation model of a high-speed automatic reserve input device with an energy storage device was obtained. In conclusion, the authors cite transients that confirm the operability of the proposed approaches.

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Kikusato, Hiroshi, Naoyuki Takahashi, Jun Yoshinaga, Yu Fujimoto, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Shinichi Kusagawa y Noriyuki Motegi. "Method for Rapidly Determining Line Drop Compensator Parameters of Low-Voltage Regulator using Classifiers". IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 135, n.º 7 (2015): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.135.446.

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Yoon, Kwang-Hoon, Joong-Woo Shin, Tea-Yang Nam, Jae-Chul Kim y Won-Sik Moon. "Operation Method of On-Load Tap Changer on Main Transformer Considering Reverse Power Flow in Distribution System Connected with High Penetration on Photovoltaic System". Energies 15, n.º 17 (5 de septiembre de 2022): 6473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176473.

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The increasing use of photovoltaics (PVs) in distribution systems owing to the low-carbon policy has given rise to the need for various technological changes. In particular, the operation of on-load tap changers (OLTCs) has attracted attention. In traditional distribution systems, the OLTC operates via a line-drop compensator (LDC), which focuses on the load to solve the low-voltage problem; however, the problem of over-voltage caused by PVs persists. Currently, a method for operating an OLTC using the measured voltage is being researched; however, solving the voltage problem for several feeders connected to a main transformer (MT) is not viable. Therefore, this study proposes an OLTC operation method to address the feeder with the largest voltage problem depending on the direction of power flow. The proposed method selects a point where the OLTC operates using the difference between the measured and reference voltages. Setting the reference voltage can solve the problem that occurs due to the direction of power flow. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via case studies. Based on the results, we can conclude that the proposed method effectively solves the voltage problem, and an increase in hosting capacity can be expected.

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Sato, Eduardo Kazuhide y Atsuo Kawamura. "Lateral Current Reduction by Voltage Drop Compensator for Multiple Autonomously Controlled UPS Connected in Parallel". IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 125, n.º 10 (2005): 934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.125.934.

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Shahnia, Farhad. "Operation of the System of Coupled Low-Voltage Feeders during Short-Circuit Faults". Energies 16, n.º 16 (16 de agosto de 2023): 6009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166009.

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As a technique to control the voltage drop at network peak periods and voltage rise at middays when a high number of rooftop photovoltaic systems exist in a low-voltage feeder (LVF), two or more neighboring LVFs can be coupled. To add voltage controllability to the coupling point, a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) can be installed. An important issue for such a system is its operation under short-circuit conditions in one of the LVFs and relevant protection aspects. This paper investigates the performance of such a system under fault conditions and presents a protection scheme that can achieve the desired operation of the system, under short-circuit faults in either of the LVFs. The performance of the system of coupled LVFs is investigated by numerical analysis in MATLAB while the dynamic feasibility of the proposed technique is validated by simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC.

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Schinas, Nick. "Vector Analysis and Optimal Control for the Voltage Regulation of a Weak Power System with Wind Energy and Power Electronics". Applied Physics Research 10, n.º 6 (30 de noviembre de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v10n6p1.

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This paper deals with the voltage regulation in a weak system which contains large inductive loads and wind turbines using Doubly Fed Induction Generators (FDIGs). The DFIGs demand large amounts of reactive power from the grid and as a result, there is a voltage drop in the system which may be extra deteriorated if large inductive loads and motors are also present in the same line.  The problem of the voltage regulation in these cases is treated with the installation of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) besides the capability of the DFIGs to partially regulate the voltage themselves. In this paper, new modeling procedures based on optimal control are developed for the design of the SVC controller and a novel strategy for the grid side converter of the DFIG is presented. The nonlinear system is simulated in the SIMULINK software so that the performance of the new controllers is validated. 

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Agustini, Ni Putu, I. Made Wartana y Abraham Lomi. "Improvement of Static Voltage Stability of 16-Bus Bali System by Optimal Placement of SVC". International Journal of Smart Grid and Sustainable Energy Technologies 4, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2021): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/ijsgset.v4i1.3902.

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In a power system, the reactive power imbalance is related to the stability of the static voltage because the injection of reactive power that the bus receives from the system determines the bus's capability in the system. Rapid increases in real and reactive power losses occur as the system approaches the voltage drop point or the maximum load point. It is necessary to support local and adequate reactive power to avoid system leading to be voltage collapse. This study analyzes the improvement of the margin of static voltage stability using one type of modern control equipment of shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), namely the static var compensator (SVC). The controller's representations are used in the continuation power flow (CPF) process to study static voltage stability. The proposed method's effectiveness has been investigated using a practical test system, namely the Bali 16-bus system, to increase the system loading capacity. The simulation was carried out by installing a modern controller in the best location, namely on bus 07 ASARI; an increase in system margin loading closed to 2% compared to the base case condition, namely λmax = 1,879 p.u with the voltage profile not changing significantly.

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Ethmane, I. A., A. K. Mahmoud, M. Maaroufi y A. Yahfdhou. "Transient stability enhancement of statcom integration in power grid". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp553-561.

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T<span>o solve load growth of a hybrid existing electrical system, we at first build generation stations (wind, solar or thermical). And secondly in 2025 year, when the system is so meshed, some buses will be very far from production energy, the transits power will be lower than the transmission capacity, and the voltage drop out margin limit of stability. Therefore it is proposed to install Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices to enhance the transient power stability and quality in the power system. The power flow analysis of Newton Raphson method is performed on a seven (7) bus system with and without static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM is a shunt connected FACTS devices that are useful for reactive power compensation and mitigation of power quality problems in transmission and distribution systems. These investigations indicate the need of power flow analysis and determine best locations of STATCOM on the proposed system. The results of simulation have been programmed in MATLAB and PSS/E Simulator. In the end the expected disturbances and the power quality enhancement of the network in the horizon 2025 were attenuated by integration of STATCOM that is able to supply or absorb reactive power and to maintain the voltage at 1pu.</span>

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Rikan, Behnam S., David Kim, Kyung-Duk Choi, Seyed Ali H. Asl, Joon-Mo Yoo, YoungGun Pu, Seokkee Kim, Hyungki Huh, Yeonjae Jung y Kang-Yoon Lee. "A Low-Band Multi-Gain LNA Design for Diversity Receive Module with 1.2 dB NF". Sensors 21, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2021): 8340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248340.

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This paper presents and discusses a Low-Band (LB) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) design for a diversity receive module where the application is for multi-mode cellular handsets. The LB LNA covers the frequency range between 617 MHz to 960 MHz in 5 different frequency bands and a 5 Pole Single Throw (5PST) switch selects the different frequency bands where two of them are for the main and three for the auxiliary bands. The presented structure covers the gain modes from −12 to 18 dB with 6 dB gain steps where each gain mode has a different current consumption. In order to achieve the Noise Figure (NF) specifications in high gain modes, we have adopted a cascode Common-Source (CS) with inductive source degeneration structure for this design. To achieve the S11 parameters and current consumption specifications, the core and cascode transistors for high gain modes (18 dB, 12 dB, and 6 dB) and low gain modes (0 dB, −6 dB, and −12 dB) have been separated. Nevertheless, to keep the area low and keep the phase discontinuity within ±10∘, we have shared the degeneration and load inductors between two cores. To compensate the performance for Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) variations, the structure applies a Low Drop-Out (LDO) regulator and a corner case voltage compensator. The design has been proceeded in a 65-nm RSB process design kit and the supply voltage is 1 V. For 18 dB and −12 dB gain modes as two examples, the NF, current consumption, and Input Third Order Intercept Point (IIP3) values are 1.2 dB and 16 dB, 10.8 mA and 1.2 mA, and −6 dBm and 8 dBm, respectively.

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Kastawan, I. Made Wiwit, Achmad Mudawari, Jakariya y Yusuf Hanafi. "Power factor correction of three-phase electrical power supply by using of thyristor controlled reactor VAR compensator". E3S Web of Conferences 479 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447901004.

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Low power factor (abbreviated as pf), particularly lagging pf, brings a lot of negative effects to electrical power supply system. Lagging pf is caused by inductive load. Inductive load with low pf draws higher current for the same active power demand. Higher current results in larger kVA rating and size of all electrical equipment connected to the electrical power system, larger conductor size used to deliver electrical power to the load, higher loss hence poorer power distribution efficiency and higher voltage drop hence poorer electrical power system voltage regulation. Considering all these negative effects, reactive power (VAR) compensation is needed. This paper analyses characteristics of a VAR compensation method called Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) applied in three-phase electrical power system supplying an inductive load. A TCR consists of three sets of a capacitor connected in parallel with an inductor. The capacitor will supply a certain amount of reactive power needed by the load. The inductor is connected in series with an electronic static switch named as TRIAC to control the amount of reactive power absorbed by it. When reactive power supplied by the capacitor is higher than reactive power demanded by the load, the switching angle of TRIAC is controlled in such a way that excess of reactive power supply is absorbed by the inductor. In this work, three capacitors in which capacitance of each of it is equal to 50 µF as well as three inductors in which inductance of each of it is equal to 200 mH are used to compensate an inductive load which has power and pf vary from 1.5 kW to 4.6 kW and 0.46 to 0.84 respectively. By controlling the switching angle of TRIAC, pf of the three-phase electrical power system is successfully maintained close to unity at 0.95 following changes of the load. However, further analysis shows that operation of the TRIAC results in increase of current harmonics. Average of total current harmonic distortion (THD) increases from 15.13% to 18.45% due to use of TCR. On the contrary, voltage total harmonic distortion (THDV) after TCR installation is slightly lower than before TCR installation.

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26

Song, Guangyu, Xinghua Liu, Jiaqiang Tian y Peng Wang. "An Improved Fuzzy Voltage Compensation Control Strategy for Parallel Inverter". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (10 de febrero de 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5185028.

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With the rapid development of microgrids, voltage drop has become one of the focuses on the research of microgrid stability and grid-connected operation. In this article, an improved fuzzy voltage compensation control strategy (FVCC) is proposed to solve the bus voltage drop problem. This method takes the influence of feeder impedance into account, and there is no need to accurately measure the feeder impedance value. Since droop control and feeder impedance can lead to voltage drop and bus voltage instability, fuzzy control is applied to compensate bus voltage. Specifically, aiming at the voltage drop caused by droop control, an adaptive fuzzy controller is designed to automatically find suitable gain parameters to reduce the voltage difference. In addition, bus voltage gain module is added to compensate the voltage consumed by feeder impedance. The compensation only needs to measure the voltage at both ends of the line, without testing the line parameters. Finally, the simulation results show that the control strategy achieves the expected effect.

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27

Sharma, Adeesh y Himmat Singh. "MATLAB SIMULATION OF D-STATCOM USING SVPWM". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, n.º 5 (27 de febrero de 2020): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i5.2018.240.

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In this paper, A Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is used for improving the power factor, power quality and to control power flow control in the distribution line. It used to give reactive and active power compensation in the distribution line. The power depends on the power factor of the loads connected to the transmission line. In this paper we have used a new DSTATCOM using modified SVPWM technique. The previous DSTATCOM are basically controlled by PWM, or SPWM technique which produce high harmonics distortion but using SVPWM technique distortion reduces to maximum possible level. In our system we also have examined the losses due to DSTATCOM when connected in the distribution system. To decrease the reactive power and to minimize the undesirable load to require maintains the flow of reactive power. As a result, the power a factor of the load descant, leading to the limitation of the active power flow in the line. The D-STATCOM is a power electronics based on advanced device can be used to control power flow in the distribution line. The construction of system is able to recover the drop-in bus voltage when any loading effect arises, but due to 5th harmonic performance of DSTATCOM reduces somewhere.

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28

Afzal, Muhammad Moin, Muhammad Adil Khan, Muhammad Arshad Shehzad Hassan, Abdul Wadood, Waqar Uddin, S. Hussain y Sang Bong Rhee. "A Comparative Study of Supercapacitor-Based STATCOM in a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System for Regulating Power Quality Issues". Sustainability 12, n.º 17 (21 de agosto de 2020): 6781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176781.

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Renewable energy resources (RERs) play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gases, as well as balancing the power generation demand in daily life. Due to the high penetration of RERs and non-linear loads into utility power systems, various power quality issues arise, i.e., voltage drop, harmonic distortion, reactive power demand, etc. In order to handle these power quality issues, there is a need for smart flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices. In this paper, a super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS)-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is designed in order for the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system to overcome the abovementioned power quality issues. A voltage controller and a d-q axis controller are used for the efficient performance of the STATCOM. In order to show the superiority of the supercapacitor, a detailed comparison is made between a battery energy storage system (BESS)-based STATCOM and a SCESS-based STATCOM. Four scenarios are studied to evaluate the performance of the proposed STATCOM design. The proposed SCESS-based STATCOM not only boosts the voltage but also stabilizes it from 368 V to 385 V (Ph-Phrms). The simulated results have confirmed that the proposed design is not only superior to a BESS-based STATCOM but also has the capability to overcome the power quality issues as well.

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29

Geddada, Nagesh y Mahesh Kumar Mishra. "LCL Filter with Active Damping using PI and SSI Regulators in Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame Current Controller for DSTATCOM". International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, n.º 4 (12 de julio de 2013): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0057.

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Abstract This article proposes a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with interface LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter for load compensation in three-phase four-wire distribution system. DSTATCOM, consisting of voltage source inverter (VSI), is connected in parallel to the load and injects currents corresponding to load reactive, harmonic powers. But this injected current consists of unnecessary high-frequency switching ripple generated by VSI. This LCL filter has superior switching ripple attenuation capability compared to L filter. Moreover, this can be achieved with small value of overall LCL filter inductance than L filter. Thus providing high slew rate for output current to track the desired reference current closely, reducing voltage drop across it, as well as cost and size of filter. However, one major concern with LCL filter is its resonating frequency (determined from its L, C, L values), which can create high-resonance oscillating currents and results in improper load compensation. Therefore, in this study, proper design of LCL filter with high switching ripple attenuation and a current controller with proportional integral (PI) plus harmonic compensation (HC) regulators along with active damping feature of LCL filter in synchronous rotating reference (dq0) frame are presented. HC regulator minimizes the steady-state error in the non-sinusoidal filter currents (fundamental and harmonic) which are tracked by the VSI. Active damping feature (obtained by capacitor current feedback control of LCL filter) is used to overcome resonance oscillations and provides proper control, operation of DSTATCOM under steady-state and dynamic load conditions. Stability studies for designed LCL filter and current controller using Bode and root locus plots are also performed and presented. Extensive simulation study, to understand the compensation performance of LCL filter DSTATCOM with two types of current controllers (PI and PI plus HC) under steady-state and dynamic load conditions, is carried out in PSCAD simulator and the corresponding results along with THDs of various parameters are presented.

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30

Lu, Kai-Hung y Qianlin Rao. "Enhancing the Dynamic Stability of Integrated Offshore Wind Farms and Photovoltaic Farms Using STATCOM with Intelligent Damping Controllers". Sustainability 15, n.º 18 (20 de septiembre de 2023): 13962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813962.

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To build a large-scale renewable energy integrated system in the power system, power fluctuation mitigation and damping measures must be implemented during grid connection. PID damping controllers and traditional intelligent controllers with pole configuration are usually used for improving damping. Integration of large wind power plants and photovoltaic power plants into the power system faces transient power oscillation and fault ride-through (FRT) capability under fault conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) damper based on a recurrent Petri fuzzy probabilistic neural network (RPFPNN) to improve the transient stability of the power system when large offshore wind farms and photovoltaic power plants are integrated into the power system, suppress power fluctuation, and increase FRT capability. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a three-phase short circuit fault at the connected busbar is modeled in the time domain as part of a nonlinear model. From the comparison of simulation results, the proposed control scheme can effectively slow down the transient fluctuation of power supply to the grid-connected point when the grid is faulty, reach steady-state stability within 1–1.5 s, and reduce overshoot by more than 50%. It can also provide system voltage support at an 80% voltage drop and assist in stabilizing the system voltage to increase FRT capability. It also improves stability more than PID controllers when disturbances are present. Therefore, it maximizes the stability and safety of the power grid system.

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31

Sakib, Munif Nazmus, Sahar Pirooz Azad y Mehrdad Kazerani. "Fast DC Fault Current Suppression and Fault Ride-Through in Full-Bridge MMCs via Reverse SM Capacitor Discharge". Energies 15, n.º 13 (23 de junio de 2022): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134595.

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In the event of a DC side fault in modular multilevel converters (MMCs), the fault current contributions are initially made by submodule (SM) capacitor discharge, which occurs before the fault is detected, followed by the AC side contribution to the DC side fault. While the AC side currents can be regulated using fault blocking SMs, the initial discharge of the SM capacitors results in high DC fault currents, which can take several milliseconds to be brought under control. This paper presents a method to actively control the rate of rise of the DC fault current by regulating the discharge of SM capacitors and accelerating the suppression of fault current oscillations during fault ride-through (FRT) in a full-bridge (FB)-MMC system. In the proposed method, the discharge direction of the FBSM capacitors is reversed following the detection of a DC side fault, which leads to a reversal in the fault current direction and a fast drop-off towards the zero-crossing. Immediately after the zero-crossing of the DC fault current, the DC fault is cleared by adjusting the arm voltage references and operating the MMC as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to provide voltage support to the AC grid. The proposed control scheme provides faster fault current suppression, more effective SM capacitor voltage regulation, low AC side and MMC arm current transient peaks, and an overall superior DC-FRT performance compared to methods in which the conventional fault ride-through operation is initiated immediately upon DC fault detection.

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32

Sultanov, M. M., A. V. Strizhichenko, I. A. Boldyrev, O. I. Zhelyaskova, E. A. Voloshin y E. I. Rogozinnikov. "On the issue of improving the efficiency of power systems and substantiation of reactive power compensation in electric networks". Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 13, n.º 4 (18 de febrero de 2021): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-4-267-272.

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Reactive power in the power system negatively affects the operating mode of the electric network, additionally loading high-voltage lines and transformers, which leads to an increase in power losses, as well as to an increase in voltage drops. The influence of active and reactive power components of voltage in the network nodes is different and is overwhelmingly determined by the ratio of active and reactive components of the resistance elements of the electric system. In high-voltage networks, the reactive component of the resistance significantly exceeds the active component, and therefore the flow of reactive current through the network leads to a greater voltage drop than the flow of the active component of the current. The transfer of reactive power can lead to exceeding the normalized voltage range in the load nodes. To reduce power losses and voltage drop in the elements of the electric network, synchronous compensators (SC), static capacitor banks (SCB), static thyristor compensators (STC), controlled shunt reactors (CSR) can be used. The cost of production and transmission of active and reactive power are different, and when choosing the power of reactive power compensation means, it is necessary to take into account the costs and compare them with the resulting effect, which differs for large and small values of reactive power when this is reduced by the same amount. To assess the feasibility of application of compensatory devices, and to choose their type and locations of installation, relevant calculations are required. An empirical criterion is proposed for preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of reactive power compensation. It enables to identify the network sections and nodes, which require reactive power compensation and should be considered in greater detail.

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33

Rao, Junfeng, Yibo Huang, Xiuzhi Wang, Longyu Zhuang, Jie Zhuang y Zhenyu Ji. "Multi-stage voltage droop compensation based on resonant circuit for unipolar solid-state Marx Generators". Review of Scientific Instruments 93, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 114704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122198.

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The low-voltage droop of high-voltage pulses is required to provide stable pulsed electric fields in many applications. Increasing the capacitance of energy storage capacitors increases both the size and the cost of the system. In this paper, four compensation stages based on the resonant circuit have been inserted into a 16-stage solid-state Marx generator to compensate for the voltage droop in different conditions. The nearly linear part of the sinusoidal voltage is precisely added to the load during discharging as compensation, and the rectangular pulsed voltage with little droop can be realized. Different numbers of compensation stages and different resonant inductances can compensate the droop to different levels, which means the compensation effect is also adjustable. Moreover, these compensation stages can operate as common stages in Marx generators as long as we open-circuit the resonant circuits. Since the capacitors in resonant compensation stages are also charged in parallel with capacitors in common stages, no auxiliary power supply is required. Simulating and experimental results show that the droop of a 9 kV pulse can be ideally compensated over a 500 Ω resistive load at various pulse widths. The pulse width should be shorter than the length of the nearly linear part of the sinusoidal voltage.

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34

Martiningsih, Wahyuni, Untung Yudho Prakoso y Herudin. "Power quality improvement using dynamic voltage restorer in distribution system PT. DSS Power Plant". MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821801003.

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In the power plant power system, voltage drops often occur and one of the contributing factors is a short circuit that affects the performance of motor drivers on the mills in the generator. In this research proposed the use of compensation dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to damped voltage sag. The DVR using a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with voltage loop control (PI). To detect the voltage drop system using park transform and apply it in the voltage regulator as a control system function that detects the voltage amplitude at the sensitive load continuously. The result of simulation in system distribution with active load 280 kVA and 50 kVAR reactive, before a voltage compensation system 0.67 pu and after voltage compensation system becomes 0.99 pu on nominal voltage 0f 380V. The performance of DVR is reliable because it is able to compensate quickly to changes in the value of the voltage

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35

Li, Shengqing, Xinyun Tang, Jian Zheng y Chenyang Wang. "Power Sharing Control Strategy of High-Frequency Chain Matrix Converter Parallel System Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2136, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2136/1/012022.

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Abstract In the high frequency link matrix converter parallel system, the impedance parameters on each line are unequal so that the output power of each converter is not equal. To solve this problem, the reason why the power cannot be divided equally under the droop control strategy is analyzed, and a power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance is proposed. This strategy introduces virtual impedance in a voltage-current dual-loop system with droop control, and uses the converter’s power information and output power factor to adaptively adjust the amplitude and phase of the virtual impedance, so that different branches have the same equivalent output impedance to compensate The voltage drop on the line impedance, while adding the droop control fine-tuning compensation link, so as to realize the load power sharing. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the accuracy of output power sharing and ensure the stability of the system output voltage amplitude.

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36

Zhang, Hua. "A Voltage Compensation Circuit for Flash Memory". Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (julio de 2014): 1738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1738.

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In order to get a stable source line voltage, a novel source line voltage compensation circuit has been designed to compensate the IR drop on the source line decoding path. The circuit is verified in 0.18um flash memory technology.

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37

Lee, Kyo-Beum y Frede Blaabjerg. "Disturbance Observer-Based Simple Nonlinearity Compensation for Matrix Converter Drives". Research Letters in Electronics 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/215782.

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This paper presents a new method to compensate the nonlinearity for matrix converter drives using disturbance observer. The nonlinearity of matrix converter drives such as commutation delay, turn-on and turn-off time of switching device, and on-state switching device voltage drop is modeled by disturbance observer and compensated. The proposed method does not need any additional hardware and offline experimental measurements. The proposed compensation method is applied for high-performance induction motor drives using a 3 kW matrix converter system without a speed sensor. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method using disturbance observer provides good compensating characteristics.

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38

Zimann, Felipe J., Eduardo V. Stangler, Francisco A. S. Neves, Alessandro L. Batschauer y Marcello Mezaroba. "Coordinated Control of Active and Reactive Power Compensation for Voltage Regulation with Enhanced Disturbance Rejection Using Repetitive Vector-Control". Energies 13, n.º 11 (2 de junio de 2020): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112812.

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Voltage profile is one of many aspects that affect power quality in low-voltage distribution feeders. Weak grids have a typically high line impedance which results in remarkable voltage drops. Distribution grids generally have a high R/X ratio, which makes voltage regulation with reactive power compensation less effective than in high-voltage grids. Moreover, these networks are more susceptible to unbalance and harmonic voltage disturbances. This paper proposes an enhanced coordinated control of active and reactive power injected in a distribution grid for voltage regulation. Voltage drop mitigation was evaluated with power injection based on local features, such loads and disturbances of each connection. In order to ensure disturbances rejection like harmonic components in the grid voltages, a repetitive vector-control scheme was used. The injection of coordinated active and reactive power with the proposed control algorithm was verified through simulations and experiments, demonstrating that it is a promising alternative for voltage regulation in weak and low-voltage networks subject to inherent harmonic distortion.

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39

Feng, Fan y Jingyang Fang. "Weak Grid-Induced Stability Problems and Solutions of Distributed Static Compensators with Voltage Droop Support". Electronics 11, n.º 9 (26 de abril de 2022): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091385.

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Distributed static compensators (DSTATCOMs) are grid-connected power electronic equipment dedicated to compensating reactive power as well as improving voltage regulation in distribution networks. They eclipse conventional compensation approaches, such as capacitor banks, in terms of flexibility and effectiveness. Despite their identified advantages, STATCOMs with voltage droop are subject to weak grid-induced stability problems, as first revealed by this paper. Specifically, the voltage droop controller that couples the amplitude of point of common coupling (PCC) voltages to the reactive current reference creates a local control loop. Such a loop greatly deteriorates system stability in weak grids, which feature large and variable grid impedances. To address such stability problems, we propose a novel virtual resistance control scheme, which improves system stability through mitigation of local control loop gains in the low-frequency band. Experimental results obtained from a DSTATCOM prototype clearly demonstrate the correctness of stability analysis and the effectiveness of stability improvement.

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40

Feng, Fan y Jingyang Fang. "Weak Grid-Induced Stability Problems and Solutions of Distributed Static Compensators with Voltage Droop Support". Electronics 11, n.º 9 (26 de abril de 2022): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091385.

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Distributed static compensators (DSTATCOMs) are grid-connected power electronic equipment dedicated to compensating reactive power as well as improving voltage regulation in distribution networks. They eclipse conventional compensation approaches, such as capacitor banks, in terms of flexibility and effectiveness. Despite their identified advantages, STATCOMs with voltage droop are subject to weak grid-induced stability problems, as first revealed by this paper. Specifically, the voltage droop controller that couples the amplitude of point of common coupling (PCC) voltages to the reactive current reference creates a local control loop. Such a loop greatly deteriorates system stability in weak grids, which feature large and variable grid impedances. To address such stability problems, we propose a novel virtual resistance control scheme, which improves system stability through mitigation of local control loop gains in the low-frequency band. Experimental results obtained from a DSTATCOM prototype clearly demonstrate the correctness of stability analysis and the effectiveness of stability improvement.

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41

Mungkin, Moranain, Habib Satria, Dina Maizana, Muzamir Isa, Syafii Syafii y Muhammad Yonggi Puriza. "Analysis of the feasibility of adding a grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic system to reduce electrical load". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2023): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp1160-1171.

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The power generation system with hybrid system grid connected (HSGC) technology is an energy-saving technology that is able to compensate for electricity loads in an energy-efficient manner in today's technological advances. Electrical transient analyzer power (ETAP) simulation software is implemented so that the modeling will have an impact on the development of hybrid systems. Testing the reliability of the system is simulated at the load of school buildings, laboratories, mosques, and kindergarten schools. parameters obtained by evaluating the ratio of the voltage drop before and after the addition of photovoltaic. The value of the voltage drops decreases with the integration of hybrid photovoltaic. The school building panels experienced a voltage drop of 0.15%, reduced after the addition of photovoltaics and wind turbines. Then on the Laboratory panel, a voltage drops of 0.05% was obtained, on the mosque panel the voltage drop reached 0.11%, and on the kindergarten building panel the voltage drop reached 0.09% after the addition of photovoltaic hybrid. From this comparison it can be said that PV and wind turbines can affect the voltage drop and reduce the consumption of electricity loads from the grid caused by adding power from the hybrid photovoltaic hybrid to each load.

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42

Olmos, Alfredo, Fabricio Ferreira, Fernando Paixão Cortes, Fernando Chavez y Marcelo Soares Lubaszewski. "A 2-Transistor Sub-1V Low Power Temperature Compensated CMOS Voltage Reference: Design and Application". Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 10, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2015): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v10i2.408.

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This paper presents the design and application of a CMOS sub-1V voltage reference using a 2-transistor Self-Cascode MOSFET (SCM) structure able to get low power consumption, temperature compensation, and small area. An efficient design procedure applied to this simple topology relying on NMOS transistors with different threshold voltages allows attaining large immunity against bias current and supply voltage variations. The two transistors can operate in weak, moderate, or strong inversion making the design flexible in terms of area and power consumption. Implemented in a > 0.18mm standard CMOS technology, the circuit provides a 400mV voltage reference with a variation of ±0.18% from -20°C to 75°C (or less than 15ppm/°C), operates from 3.6V down to 800mV while biased with a 5nA resistor-less PTAT current source that varies ±30% over PVT, and consumes less than 20nA with an area of 0.01mm2. The same concept was used to create a temperature compensated voltage drop with regard to a monitored power supply voltage but using a 2-PMOS SCM structure with transistors of different threshold voltages. These two circuits were adopted as part of a Power Management (PM) system for RFID tag applications. The PM includes a LDO voltage regulator and a low voltage detector that require both the voltage reference and the low voltage monitor. The LDO regulated output voltage and the trip-point of the voltage detector vary +/-5.5% and +/-3.3%, respectively, over temperature, without trimming.

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43

Fan, Ching-Lin, Hui-Lung Lai y Yan-Wei Liu. "An AMOLED AC-Biased Pixel Design Compensating the Threshold Voltage andI-RDrop". International Journal of Photoenergy 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/543273.

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We propose a novel pixel design and an AC bias driving method for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays using low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs). The proposed threshold voltage andI-Rdrop compensation circuit, which comprised three transistors and one capacitor, have been verified to supply uniform output current by simulation work using the Automatic Integrated Circuit Modeling Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (AIM-SPICE) simulator. The simulated results demonstrate excellent properties such as low error rate of OLED anode voltage variation (<0.7%) and low voltage drop ofVDDpower line. The proposed pixel circuit effectively enables threshold-voltage-deviation correction of driving TFT and compensates for the voltage drop ofVDDpower line using AC bias on OLED cathode.

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44

Eom, Tae-Ho, Jin-Wook Kang, Jintae Kim, Min-Ho Shin, Jung-Hyo Lee y Chung-Yuen Won. "Improved Voltage Drop Compensation Method for Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery System". Electronics 7, n.º 11 (17 de noviembre de 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110331.

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In this paper, a voltage drop compensation method for hybrid hydrogen fuel cell battery system, with a hydrogen recirculation powering a forklift, is studied. During recirculating hydrogen fuel to recycle hydrogen that has not reacted enough at the system, impurities can be mixed with the hydrogen fuel. This leads to low hydrogen concentration and a drop in the output voltage of the fuel cell system. In excessive voltage drop, the fuel cell system can be shutdown. This paper proposes a voltage drop compensation method using an electrical control algorithm to prevent system shutdown by reducing voltage drop. Technically, voltage drop is typically caused by three kinds of factors: (1) The amount of pure hydrogen supply; (2) the temperature of fuel cell stacks; and (3) the current density to catalysts of the fuel cell. The proposed compensation method detects voltage drop caused by those factors, and generates compensation signals for a controller of a DC–DC converter connecting to the output of the fuel cell stack; thus, the voltage drop is reduced by decreasing output current. At the time, insufficient output current to a load is supplied from the batteries. In this paper, voltage drop caused by the abovementioned three factors is analyzed, and the operating principle of the proposed compensation method is specified. To verify this operation and the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments are conducted by applying it to a 10 kW hybrid fuel cell battery system for a forklift.

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45

Li, Baojuan, Fangbin Shang, Renzheng Wang, Xiaojie Wu y Di Fan. "Flexible Adaptive Integrated Compensation Strategy for Voltage Sag". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2661, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2661/1/012004.

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Abstract A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is often used for voltage compensation to reduce or eliminate the harm of voltage sag. The existing combined compensation strategy does not consider the specific process of voltage sag, so it cannot adapt to the change according to the drop depth and eliminate the phase abrupt change. In this paper, a flexible, adaptive combination compensation strategy is proposed, which adopts the appropriate compensation strategy according to the actual voltage change process, sets the transition period to avoid phase jump, and adopts the full voltage compensation strategy to fully recover the phase at the end of the voltage dip, to realize the adaptive, flexible compensation of voltage. The simulation results show that the compensation strategy varies with the voltage drop depth. Both the intermediate phase fluctuation and the energy consumption are smaller. The final compensation is complete.

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46

Ren, Biying, Xiangdong Sun, Shasha Chen y Huan Liu. "A Compensation Control Scheme of Voltage Unbalance Using a Combined Three-Phase Inverter in an Islanded Microgrid". Energies 11, n.º 9 (18 de septiembre de 2018): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092486.

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A large number of single-phase loads in an islanded microgrid have a bad influence on the alternating current (AC) bus voltage symmetry, which will further impact the power supply for the other loads. In this paper, the combined three-phase inverter is adopted as the distributed generation (DG) interface circuit for its independent control of each bridge. However, the combined three-phase inverter will generate an asymmetrical voltage with the traditional droop control. Moreover, the system impedance also effects the voltage symmetry. Therefore, the improved droop control method based on the self-adjusting P-f and Q-U droop curves and the system impedance voltage drop compensation are proposed. The system control scheme is also designed in detail. A simulation and an experiment under the conditions of the balanced, unbalanced loads are carried out, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the control strategy.

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47

Stork, Milan y Daniel Mayer. "Reactive power in circuits with sampled resistive load". Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0067.

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Abstract The process of power transmission lines, from source to load is a well-known, if the voltages and currents vary harmonically. With the lines is transmitted active power that is dissipated in load (this power exits from the system) and reactive power (this power oscillates between the source and the load). Note that it would be more appropriate designation the external power and the internal power. Such systems are known as cyclo-dissipative. The active power is dissipated in the load and the reactive power oscillates between the source and the load. Physically, reactive power is delivered to reactive elements of load. Transmitting reactive power increases Joule’s losses and voltage drops on lines. Reactive power can be compensated in a known manner. Compensation reduces the effective value of the current in the line. To the case of periodic but non-sinusoidal voltages and currents has been devoted many publications, conferences, etc. during the past 100 years. But despite much e ort, this problem has not yet been fully solved. In the present article, we show that in a system with a harmonic source of voltage even in the case of a linear pure resistive load a reactive power can be generated and can be compensated. A necessary, but not sufficient, condition is that the resistive load is time-varying. The presented study deals with a periodically sampled resistive load.

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48

Zein, Hermagsantos, Sri Utami, Siti Saodah y Conny Kurniawan Wachjoe. "Compensation to Fulfill Voltage Drop Security in Medium Voltage Feeders". Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 8, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2022): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v8i4.24743.

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49

Abderahmane, Amari y Kherfane Samir. "Contribution of STATCOM To Improving The Behavior Of High Voltage AC Networks". All Sciences Abstracts 1, n.º 3 (25 de junio de 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-abstracts.922.

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This work proposes the application of a STATCOM for reactive energy compensation; its dynamic behavior will be verified by simulations under the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The circulation of reactive energy in an electrical network causes voltage drops between two ends, therefore the active power transported decreases, and to deal with this problem several classic solutions have beenadopted. The STATCOM "static synchronous compensator" is a type of FACTS placed as a shunt, which can remedy the problem of the circulation of reactive energy, and the regulation of the voltage.

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Guo, Qiang, Zhiping Dong, Heping Liu y Xiaoyao You. "Nonlinear Characteristics Compensation of Inverter for Low-Voltage Delta-Connected Induction Motor". Energies 13, n.º 3 (28 de enero de 2020): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030590.

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This paper proposes a scheme that can compensate for the nonlinear characteristics of voltage source inverters (VSIs) for low-voltage delta-connected induction motors (IMs). Due to the nonlinearity introduced by the dead-time, the on/off delay, and the voltage drop across the power device, the output voltage of VSIs is seriously distorted, causing distortion in the phase current of the IM, which will lead to output torque ripple. However, the existing compensation methods for three-phase VSIs are derived from star-connected loads, or ignore the conducting properties of power devices. Moreover, the current polarity detection near the current zero is quite complex. In this paper, by taking such nonlinear characteristics into consideration, especially the conducting property of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), an output voltage model of VSIs for low-voltage delta-connected induction motors is presented. After that, in view of the difficulty in detecting the line current polarity near the current zero which might lead to the wrong compensation, an advancing current crossing zero (ACCZ) compensation is proposed. Subsequently, a compensation scheme which combines the compensation based on the VSI output voltage model and ACCZ compensation is proposed. Finally, the proposed compensation scheme is implemented based on a digital signal processor (DSP) drive system. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than the common method in terms of suppressing the effect of the nonlinear characteristics of VSI, which demonstrates that the proposed compensation scheme is feasible and effective for the compensation of the nonlinear characteristics of VSI for low-voltage delta-connected IMs.

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