Tesis sobre el tema "Visible et proche infrarouge"
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Romier, Lucien. "Conception et réalisation d'un spectromètre imageur visible - proche infrarouge". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30124.
Texto completoAnselme, Brice. "Contribution de l'imagerie satellitaire visible, proche infrarouge et infrarouge thermique, à l'étude des mers arctiques eurasiatiques". Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955324.
Texto completoThe overall objective of our work was to improve the knowledge of the arctic marine environment. Using satellite remote sensing operating in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared, we studied oceanic surface structures over the Barents and Kara seas, as well as in the southern part of the Barents sea. In situ measurements obtained from oceanographic campaigns allowed us to validate the algorithms we used for image processing and helped us in analyzing the images. We studied both biological and physical oceanic structures. Concerning primary production, we showed in which areas and when phytoplanktonic bloom start to develop. We also emphasized the areas where thermal and hydrological fronts appear, sea ice drift and its relationship to surface currents, as well as the transport of sediments and associated pollutants by rivers and their outflow distribution patterns into the sea. The final goal of our work was to outline which areas of the eurasiatic arctic seas are the most sensitive and exposed if a pollution should occur. We finally concluded that two areas were particularly vulnerable: the marginal sea ice zone in the northern Barents sea that supports large part of the phytoplanktonic ecosystem, source of the food chain. Due to the intensity and very short timing of the phytoplanktonic bloom in that area, a pollution could have serious consequences there. Important exchange of water masses and ice, potentially contaminated, occur in the southeastern part of the Barents sea, which constitute a large refuge for marine mammals and migratory birds. Concerns about oil and natural gas exploitation should lead future investigations to focus on monitoring of both areas
HERAUDEAU, PHILIPPE. "Photometrie de surface des galaxies spirales dans le visible et le proche infrarouge". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066196.
Texto completoCao, Bertrand. "Systèmes performants pour la limitation optique large bande dans le visible et le proche infrarouge". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363735.
Texto completoBergeron, Martin. "Bilan d'erreur pour la correction atmosphérique d'images hyperspectrales dans le visible et le proche infrarouge". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2745.
Texto completoGobrecht, Alexia. "Vers une nouvelle approche optique pour la caractérisation des sols par spectrométrie visible et proche infrarouge". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0038/document.
Texto completoWith the goal of reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, policy makers encourage practices intended to sequester carbon in soils (reforestation, changes in farming practices). New methods are required to rapidly and accurately measure soil C at field- and landscape-scales. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an analytical technology adapted to these specifications but remains experimental research in soil science.This thesis has focused on the first step of this analytical method: signal formation. The soils are very complex materials, in terms of chemical composition and physical structure. Hence, the spectroscopic signal is negatively impacted by light scattering. Consequently, the conditions of the Beer-Lambert are no longer fulfilled, and the chemometric models to predict the carbon content of soils are less accurate and robust. We develop an original optical method based on light polarization spectroscopy to measure the absorbance of highly scattering materials. By selecting photons being less scattered, we compute a new absorbance signal which is a good approximation of the Beer-Lambert absorbance.This method, called Polis, was experimentally validated on model materials in liquid and powdered form. Applied on soils to predict Total Organic Content, the model built with the PoLiS absorbance outperform the models built with the classical absorbance computed from the diffuse reflectance signal
Delmas, Anthony. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet mirage : application aux mesures dimensionnelle et thermique par caméras visible proche infrarouge". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/8958/1/delmas.pdf.
Texto completoDOUBLIER, VANESSA. "Evolution et formation des galaxies bleues compactes naines a sursaut de formation stellaire : imagerie visible et proche-infrarouge". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077039.
Texto completoGalerneau, Anne-Sophie. "Extension au proche infrarouge des méthodes de réalisation de filtres multidiélectriques : mesures spectrophotométriques de précision dans le visible, le proche infrarouge et la bande 8 à 12 microns". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30055.
Texto completoDeblangey, Adeline. "Optimisation de la mesure par spectrométrie visible et proche-infrarouge de la teneur en eau et en huile de l’olive". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0030/document.
Texto completoITAP Research Unit of IRSTEA and Pellenc SA company want to developa visible - near infrared spectroscopy measurement system in order to assess the quality of olives and monitor their ripeness. The measurement has to be non-destructive and performed on a single olive. The ripeness criteria selected are water and oil content. The main objective of this work is to optimize the measurement of these criteria, recorded by a portable spectrometer, by taking into account the constraints linked to the studied object and by overcoming the obstacles imposed by the technology used. In relation to the industrial objectives, three scientific questions were raised :SQ1 : How to get the reference values of the ripeness criteria from a single olive ?SQ2 : How to measure the spectrum of one olive ? Which optical configuration isbest suited for an olive ? Which volume of the olive is actually analyzed during thespectral measurement ? Does the spectrum contain information about the kernel ?SQ3 : How to calibrate the spectral measurement ? Are the prediction models robustregarding a variety not used for the calibration step ? How to include the kernel mass in the predicted values ?In order to answer those questions, experimental and comparative studies have been led. As the determination of water content is easily transposable to a single olive, only the measurement of oil content is studied (SQ1). Two existing methods nuclear magnetic resonance and hexane extraction have been characterized end evaluated when they are applied to the pulp of a single olive.The comparative study conducted on different optical configurations(SQ2) has high-lighted the impact of each configuration (transmission, diffuse reflectance with guidedpropagation of light through a sphere, diffuse reflectance with free propagation of light and interactance) on the spectral measurement. This study has also determined if all of these configurations are suitable for the whole olive measurements. Furthermore, the real volume analyzed during the spectral measurement has been investigated by studying the loss of transmitted light through the skin and the pulp.In order to answer SQ3, the present work provides optimized models for prediction ofwater content on the one hand and oil content on the other hand. The robustness study leads us to consider different methods (Model Update, Biais and Slope, DOP, wavelength selection) depending on the correction set used and therefore the finality of the future device. Concerning the introduction of kernel mass in predicted values, it has be done using various methods which are more or less destructive. The choice of one of these methods has been be determined by the technical possibilities of the device and the minimum expected accuracy of water and oil content predictions.Therefore, the results of this thesis provide some elements to guide the development of a portable spectrometer for measurements on individual olive fruits
Charrois, Luc. "Assimilation de réflectances satellitaires du domaine visible et proche infrarouge dans un modèle détaillé de manteau neigeux". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU001/document.
Texto completoAn accurate seasonal snowpack modeling is needed to study its evolution and to improvethe avalanche hazard forecast. For 20 years, the snow study center (CEN) has developed asnowpack model named Crocus to simulate the snow cover and its physical properties drivenby near-surface meteorological conditions. Model and meteorological forcing errors are themain uncertainties in the Crocus forecasts. Constraining the model with observations canminimize the impacts of these uncertainties on simulations. Because of the low density ofground-based measurement networks combined to the high spatial variability of the snowcover, satellite observations should be the best way to constrain the model. The MODISspectroradiometer which provides daily surface information at 250 m spatial resolution isappropriated to study the snow cover. The visible and near-infrared reflectances (definedas the fraction of incident solar flux that is reflected by the surface) measured by MODISare strongly sensitive to physical properties of the snowpack. The radiative transfer modelTARTES, recently implemented into Crocus, calculates the same spectral reflectances and so,opens routes to data assimilation of MODIS reflectances.The aim of this thesis is to investigates the assimilation of the MODIS reflectances into thesnowpack model Crocus in an operational perspective. This work benefits from the expertisein physical and radiative snowpack modeling as well as data assimilation from two laboratoriesof Grenoble, the snow study center and the Laboratory of Glaciology and Geophysics of theEnvironment.The project took place in two steps to answer the following questions:Do MODIS reflectances offer an informative content allowing an efficient constraint ofthe Crocus snowpack model?What are the challenges associated to the assimilation of remotely-based optical reflectances?A particle filter is used as data assimilation scheme to evaluate the ability of opticalreflectance data assimilation to improve snow depth and snow water equivalent simulations.The choice of this filter, allowed by the small size of the problem, is based on its ease ofimplementation regarding the severe constraints of the Crocus model. The experiments wereconducted at the Col du Lautaret and the Col de Porte in the French Alps.The assimilation of synthetic observations demonstrates the potential of spectral reflectancesto constraint the Crocus snowpack model simulations. The root-mean square errors(RMSE) of bulk variables like snow depth and snow water equivalent are reduced by a factorof roughly 2 after assimilation. However, the performance of assimilation is highly dependenton the temporal distribution of the observations.The assimilation of real reflectances shows a high sensitivity to the quality of the assimilatedobservations. Converting MODIS top of atmosphere reflectances into surface reflectancesintroduces uncertainties in these data. Resulting biases and a poor characterization of errorsdeteriorate the estimation of the snowpack. Screening methods prior assimilation are thereforea priority in the prospect of satellite data assimilation.This work demonstrates the potential of remotely-based data assimilation to monitor and forecast the snow cover, potential which should be used in the near future
Rodin-Bercion, Sylvie. "Redistribution intramoléculaire de l'énergie vibrationnelle de molécules flexibles dans les domaines du proche infrarouge et du visible". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10611.
Texto completoAumaitre, Cyril. "Synthèse et études de matériaux organiques absorbeurs visible-proche infrarouge pour la réalisation de cellules solaires hybrides". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV050/document.
Texto completoOn a global scale, the share of renewable energies in the energy mix is constantly increasing. Based on the principle of photosynthesis, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells are an emerging technology for Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). These hybrid cells use an inorganic semiconductor oxide whose surface is covered with an organic dye. The absorption of the incident light by this dye will cause the injection of an electron from the photo-excited state of the molecule into the conduction band of the oxide. A redox mediator present in the electrolyte will regenerate the oxidized dye and generate a current under illumination. The dyes already described in the literature shows efficiencies reaching 14%. On the other hand, very few of these materials can absorb up to the near infrared range (NIR) (700-1000 nm). Thereby, the absorption of the NIR spectral range could lead to a greater photo-generated current density. In this context, this work presents a complete study of new panchromatic dyes extending into the near infrared range. For this study, the "donor-acceptor" approach was used to obtain the desired optoelectronic properties. A first family based on benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed leading to very good absorption properties in the NIR region (absorption up to 925 nm). The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these materials have been studied in order to understand the limitations for solar cell applications. Following this, a new dye family based on isoindigo derivatives was synthesized and studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT simulation. These compounds strongly absorbs in the UV-visible and NIR spectral range up to 848 nm. The dyeing bath composition and the electrolyte formulation were optimized in order to obtain a device conversion efficiency of 5.76%. Photophysical measurements have allowed us to have a fine understanding of the limiting factors of these dyes. On the basis of this observation, we improved the structure of one of the dye and witg this new molecule we reached a power conversion efficiency of 7.0% with a UV-Visible and near infrared absorption for the solar cell. In the last part of this work we have also obtained preliminary results employing various alternative materials to the TiO2/iodine system
Pellerin, Morgane. "Elaboration de nanoparticules à luminescence persistante pour l'imagerie optique dans le domaine du visible et du proche infrarouge". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066537/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to develop persistent luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) for optical imaging in the deep red and near infrared range. Their use has a clear advantage as the irradiation step can be performed before injection, avoiding tissue stress and other autofluorescence phenomena. The chemical compositions studied are also re-excitable in vivo. We propose an original way of synthesis for the elaboration of “small” ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ NPs. Hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave heating followed by a heat treatment is used to obtain the NPs. The extensive characterization of the persistent luminescence properties and of the material’s fine structure showed a direct correlation between luminescence and local cation order in the structure (distribution and distortion of cationic sites). Thus, we have shown the benefits of a heat treatment without sintering on the improvement of luminescence properties. We have also highlighted the enhancement provided by the addition of a codopant such as Bi3+ ions or the modification of the matrix by substituting a part of Ga3+ ions by Ge4+ ions. The optimization limits of this material being reached, doping the matrix with Ni2+ ions to move the persistent luminescence in the near infrared range, opens a new pathway in this research field. Exploiting this new window for optical imaging should allow imaging deeper into tissue with a better signal-to-noise ratio
DOMINIQUE, CLAUDE. "Spectroscopie visible et proche infrarouge des melanges neon-xenon : cinetique de l'etat 6p(5/2)::(3) du xenon". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30150.
Texto completoPellerin, Morgane. "Elaboration de nanoparticules à luminescence persistante pour l'imagerie optique dans le domaine du visible et du proche infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066537.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to develop persistent luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) for optical imaging in the deep red and near infrared range. Their use has a clear advantage as the irradiation step can be performed before injection, avoiding tissue stress and other autofluorescence phenomena. The chemical compositions studied are also re-excitable in vivo. We propose an original way of synthesis for the elaboration of “small” ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ NPs. Hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave heating followed by a heat treatment is used to obtain the NPs. The extensive characterization of the persistent luminescence properties and of the material’s fine structure showed a direct correlation between luminescence and local cation order in the structure (distribution and distortion of cationic sites). Thus, we have shown the benefits of a heat treatment without sintering on the improvement of luminescence properties. We have also highlighted the enhancement provided by the addition of a codopant such as Bi3+ ions or the modification of the matrix by substituting a part of Ga3+ ions by Ge4+ ions. The optimization limits of this material being reached, doping the matrix with Ni2+ ions to move the persistent luminescence in the near infrared range, opens a new pathway in this research field. Exploiting this new window for optical imaging should allow imaging deeper into tissue with a better signal-to-noise ratio
Fortin, Francis. "Systèmes binaire : formation, évolution et environnement". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7071.
Texto completoAccreting binary systems are stellar couples in which a compact object (white dwarf, neutron star, black hole) feeds on a regular star. This accretion phase in the life of a binary shows characteristic high-energy emission, and can cause the formation of relativistic jets as well as a transient behavior which goes from violent outbursts to quiescent periods. These objects contribute significantly to the X-ray and gamma radiation in the universe, and since 2015 we know they are the progenitors of spectacular collisions between compact objects, which at the end of their lives radiate gravitationnal waves. Because more than half of the stars in our Galaxy spend at least a part of their lives within a binary, studying these systems is key to better understand stellar evolution in general. This thesis starts from an intial questioning about the origin of binary systems, of their diversity and the different evolutionnary paths they take, as well as the intricacy of their local environment. The tools we use to adress these topics are mainly observation-oriented. In particular, we will try to make full use of the multi-wavelength properties of binaries in the studies we present. The first part is a general introduction which covers the basics of stellar evolution, the processes taking place within binary systems, and also introduces practical aspects about observations such as the messengers and the observables that are associated. The second part is about a project of census concerning accreting binaries. We correlate previous catalogues with the Centre de Données Astronomiques de Starsbourg to update some of the information about the binaries, and also try to find counterparts of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) among the detections of the Gaia satellite. This census will be used in a project studying the natal kick of HMXBs and will also be the starting point to look for progenitors of compact binaries which will be detected by the gravitationnal satellite LISA. The third part aims to actively participate in the census of X-ray binaries by determining the nature of unidentified INTEGRAL sources (IGR). We present the analysis of spectrophotometric data in near-infrared acquired with VLT/ISAAC on 14 IGR sources. Among them, we identified 9 new accreting binaries and 5 active galactic nuclei. The fourth part focuses on a particular system. IGR J16318-4848 is an obscured supergiant B[e] high-mass X-ray binary, and posesses a complex environment which we aim to characterize. We report on spectroscopic acquisitions with VLT/X-Shooter which allow us to probe the dynamics of the stellar wind from the supergiant star, the orbital motion of the dusty circumbinary disk as well as its own metal-rich wind. By modeling the broadband spectral energy distribution down to the far-infrared (Spitzer, Herschel), we determine the temperature of the emitting media as well as their absolute scales. The fifth part is a study on a transient source, the microquasar Swift J1745-26, made of a low-mass star orbiting a black hole. It was detected in X-rays down to radio waves late 2012 during outburst, and was observed again five months later during its decay. We use photometric data from VLT/FORS2, ISAAC in optical and near-infrared as well as soft and hard X-ray measurements (Swift/BAT, XRT) in order to compare the broadband spectral energy distributions at these two epochs. The variations in luminosity can be especially explained by a change in the internal radius of an accretion disk around the black hole. We conclude this manuscript by doing a summary of the results we brought on these topics, and also do a short review of the future prospects in the field of accreting binaries
BOUGUERZAZ, FATIMA. "Contribution a l'etude du role du changement d'echelle dans certains modeles de teledetection utilisant les canaux visible, proche infrarouge et infrarouge thermique des capteurs". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13079.
Texto completoDonatini, Fabrice. "Étude de l'anisotropie optique circulaire magneto-induite des ferrofluides dans le domaine spectral visible-proche infrarouge : applications". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0091.
Texto completoGrenier, Muriel de. "Photométrie régionale visible et proche infrarouge du disque martien par moyens télescopiques : implications sur l'interprétation des données spectrominéralogiques de surface". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30042.
Texto completoLe, Mouélic Stéphane. "Minéralogie de la Lune étudiée par spectro-imagerie visible et proche infrarouge : Apport des données NIR de la sonde Clementine". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448505.
Texto completoLe, Mouëlic Stéphane. "Mineralogie de la lune etudiee par spectro-imagerie visible et proche infrarouge : apport des donnees nir de la sonde clementine". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112230.
Texto completoPERMOGOROV, DMITRI. "Spectroscopie intracavite laser des transitions harmoniques du methane, silane, germane et de leurs derives deuteres dans les domaines visible et proche infrarouge". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10074.
Texto completoThomas, Marjorie. "Fluorescence d’une molécule unique au voisinage d’une nanostructure métallique et étude de systèmes résonants pour la plasmonique dans le domaine visible et infrarouge". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112331.
Texto completoThe doctoral thesis tackles some of the interesting issues regarding the optics of metallic nanostructures. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the influence of a metallic nanostructure, such as a tip, on the emission properties of a single dipolar emitter. The modification of the radiative and nonradiative lifetimes of a fluorescent molecule in the presence of a metallic nanostructure has been investigated. The current work provides a fast algorithm for calculating the fluorescence lifetime and the emission pattern of a molecule in the vicinity of a nanostructure with arbitrary shape, position and orientation. Indeed, it is shown that the emission pattern is strongly dependent on the orientation of the structure with respect to the molecule and on the shape of the object. Furthermore, it has been shown and emphasized that the choice of wavelength is crucial in this problem. By tuning the absorption and emission wavelengths of the emitter with respect to that of the plasmon resonance of the metallic nanostructure, one can adjust the quantum efficiency of the emitter in the near field of the particle. These findings are particularly important for the optimization and interpretation of current experiments on surface enhanced Raman scattering. The second part of the dissertation turns to the coupling among many metallic nanostructures. This topic has attracted much attention in recent years due to its appeal for applications such as integrated optics. One of the driving forces in this field is to replace conventional waveguides which have widths of several wavelengths by a periodic chain in metallic nanoparticles for guiding light. Although due to a strong absorption of visible light these systems are not suitable for long range transport, the fact that light is confined to lateral dimensions of the order of and below the diffraction limit makes them very interesting. The thesis starts by examining a chain of particles analytically based on a coupled dipole model. Next it moves on to numerical studies where various illumination effects and the role of the substrate under the nanoparticles are investigated. In particular, it investigates the dispersion relations of the system which help identify the optimal spectral window for an efficient propagation of light
Elias, Thierry. "Restitution des propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols à partir d'observation sol des luminances totale et polarisée dans le visible et le proche infrarouge". Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-89.pdf.
Texto completoCes deux parametres definissent un modele d'aerosols qui permet de calculer la matrice de phase des aerosols, en supposant les particules spheriques. Un code de transfert radiatif integre le modele d'aerosols et l'albedo de diffusion simple pour evaluer la distribution angulaire du champ de luminance dans l'atmosphere. La methodologie est appliquee a des mesures acquises a lille le 10 mars 1997 par un prototype de polarimetre developpe au laboratoire d'optique atmospherique, quand les aerosols etaient abondants. Le modele d'aerosols restitue est caracteristique de particules originaires de zone urbaine. Parmi les perspectives qui se presentent, la contribution des aerosols au rayonnement ascendant peut etre evalue afin de valider et approfondir les informations issues du traitement des donnees acquises par polder (polarization and directionality of the earth's reflectance), embarque sur le satellite adeos (advanced earth observing system)
Beldi, Samir. "Développement de détecteurs MKIDs (Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors) fonctionnant dans l'infrarouge proche et le visible pour l'astronomie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO008.
Texto completoKIDs (Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors) by their ability to count photons, to measure their individual energies and to acquire images at very high rates are likely to allow an observational revolution in the visible and near infrared. A MKID detector is basically an LC superconducting resonator whose intrinsic resonance frequency is fixed by the physical characteristics as well as the geometry of the inductive and capacitive parts. The detection is based on the absorption of incident photons by the inductive part, which modifies the kinetic inductance of the superconductor causing a frequency shift. Compared to CCDs, MKIDs allow a faster readout with lower noise as they do not suffer from the readout and dark current noises. In addition, MKIDs allow the implementation of a simple frequency multiplexing, paving the way to arrays comprising thousands of pixels which can be read in real time using a single readout line. The current optical MKIDs are often patterned from an inductive meander in series with an interdigitated capacitor whose size must be large enough to maintain a low resonance frequency, typically a few GHz, which can be easily measured with inexpensive and easy-to-use readout electronics. However, for the classical designs, the interdigitated capacitor can cover up to 90 % of the overall pixel surface. This is detrimental for many astrophysical applications as it leads to large pixels and a very low fill factor. This thesis work consists in implementing a new architecture where the large interdigitated capacitor is replaced by a parallel plate capacitor which features a larger capacitance value within a much smaller space allowing to strongly reduce the size of the pixels. This will lead to a higher filling factor and a better spatial resolution of optical imaging systems. I will present the design and fabrication of parallel-plate capacitor-based lumped element kinetic detector arrays using titanium nitride (TiN) as a superconducting absorber, as well as promising experimental results obtained between 70 and 300 mK
Bonello, Guillaume. "Etalonnage au sol d'expériences spatiales de spectro-imagerie visible et proche infrarouge pour l'étude de surfaces planétaires : cas de VIRTIS sur ROSETTA et OMEGA sur MARS-EXPRESS". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112341.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the study, the implementation, the qualification and the use of a ground calibration set-up for the visible and near infrared imaging spectrometer space experiments VIRTIS and OMEGA. Over the past 20 years, imaging spectrometry was essential to remote sensing surfaces and atmospheres of planetary objects, prior and in addition to in-situ analyses. However, the last experiments also showed the complexity of the analyses of measurements resulting from this type of instruments. Indeed, artifacts from the instrument can generate wrong interpretations of the data and consequently of the inferred scientific scenarios. This needs a meticulous analysis of the instrumental responses of the developed experiments, taking a particular care to the calibration phase becoming part of the scientific analysis process. The first part of this work consisted in working out a specification document of the set-up according to the performances of the studied experiments. We could then carry out the studies relating to the various subsets leading to the realization of the calibration set-up. The validation and the characterization of the intrinsic performances of this set-up constituted most of the results of this work since they condition the quality of the calibration and thus the scientific return of the experiments. These results showed the perfect adequacy of the device carried out with the necessary specifications. The use of the device within the framework of the calibration of the VIRTIS flight model confirmed these results. In the case of OMEGA, direct measurements of mineralogical samples observed in reflectance will increase, for the first time, the possibilities of preparation of the scientific data reduction
BRASSET, THIERRY. "Etude par spectroscopie en reflectance diffuse (visible et proche infrarouge) de la transformation de l'heritage ferrallitique en basse-casamance (senegal). Exemple de la toposequence de yabone". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077169.
Texto completoQuinebeche, Sébastien. "Suivi cinétique des polymérisations et copolymérisations anioniques de monomères éthyléniques par spectroscopie IR et UV-visible in situ". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13359.
Texto completoMondet, Jean. "Etude des paramètres de surface de la calotte polaire antarctique, dans les domaines spectraux du visible et du proche infrarouge, à partir des données de l'instrument de télédétection POLDER". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766029.
Texto completoZiadi, Adel. "Analyse d'image visibles et proche infrarouges : contributions à l'évaluation non-destructive du persillage dans la viande du boeuf". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28158/28158.pdf.
Texto completoMaudet, Florian. "Couches nanostructurées par dépôt en incidence oblique : corrélations microstructure et propriétés optiques pour application aux traitements antireflets hautes performances dans le visible étendu et l'infrarouge". Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2295/document.
Texto completoAnti-reflective (AR) coatings are widely used to improve the transmission of optical systems composed of window, lenses, separating filters,... In this thesis, the spectral ranges targeted are the extended visible [400-1800nm] and the mid infrared [3.7-4.8µm]. Thin film deposition nanostructuring method using oblique angle deposition (oblique angle deposition) PVD technique was chosen because it allows high performance AR to be considered over a wide wavelength range, by an industrial process. The introduction of porosity with the control of deposition angle is used to nanostructure the architecture of each layer and stack; a method for modifying and optimizing the optical properties of the constituent layers for optimal complete design. A mapping of the effective indices accessible by OAD has been identified for the three materials deposited (TiO2, SiO2 and Ge). However optical properties of these nanostructured layers differ greatly from those of dense layers due to the presence of anisotropy, index gradient, diffusion and absorption. Based on advanced microstructural, chemical and optical characterizations (AFM, SEM, TEM, FIB tomography, TEM tomography, EDX, EELS, spectrophotometry and generalized ellipsometry) a more complex analytical optical model coupled with finite element analyses (FDTD) is presented. All the work has enabled OAD to develop simple two-layer anti-reflective coatings that already demonstrate high levels of transmission, superior to existing (interferential) or work in progress (Moth-eyes) AR treatments
Treguier, Sylvain. "La spectroscopie comme outil de caractérisation des microorganismes : application à la microbiologie du sol et des produits laitiers". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0034.
Texto completoBacteria are unicellular microorganisms involved in many biological processes. Species involved in lactic fermentation and plant growth generates a particular interest in agro-industry. The identification of bacterial strains is essential for the creation of lactic ferments for dairy products and biofertilizers for soils. Current techniques for the identification of bacteria are destructive, and therefore require dedicated sample preparation for analyses. The purpose of this work is to develop a UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy screening method for bacteria inoculated on Petri dishes, in order to evaluate its potential as a simple, rapid and non-destructive alternative to conventional diagnostic tools. A measurement protocol was first elaborated on a limited number of bacterial strains for a NIR spectrometer and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. 142 strains of lactic acid bacteria and 76 strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were then grown on agar plates and analyzed with both instruments during several experiments. Bias related to these series of inoculations and measurements was present in the raw spectra. A reduction of this bias was possible by correcting the acquisitions from pure agar plate spectra acquired during each experiment. An exploratory analysis of the spectral data revealed differences between genera and species of bacteria. They were mainly attributed to polysaccharides contained in the cell walls, forming the bacterial capsule or produced in the extracellular environment. Classification models have been developed with the spectral data using PLS-DA and artificial neural networks. Their performances were compared in prediction on 84 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw milk and 19 additional strains of rhizobacteria. The correct classification rates of the best models obtained were 70% and 63% for the genus and species of lactic acid bacteria and 66% for the genus of rhizobacteria, respectively. Suggestions have been made to improve the performance of the method and extend its applications
Bouya, Mohsine. "Etude des mécanismes de défaillances et de transport dans les structures HEMTs AlGaN/GaN". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14048/document.
Texto completoThere are several economic and technological stakes, which require the development of suitable techniques for failure analysis on microwave devices, the HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) AlGaN/GaN play a key role for power and RF low noise applications.The technologies are not completely stabilized and the failure analysis is difficult. Which need the development of a non destructive investigation techniques such as electroluminescence technics. To improve the GaN HEMT performance and reliability, understanding the failure mechanisms is critical. The standard emission light is not sufficient for hot-elctron detection in GaN material. And the development of UV light emission become necessary in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Petit, François. "Etude physicochimique de gamma MnO2 et d'oxydes mixtes de manganèse". Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUE5044.
Texto completoCambou, Aurélie. "Evaluation du stock et de la stabilité du carbone organique dans les sols urbains". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARD086/document.
Texto completoSoils are the largest terrestrial pool oforganic carbon and thus play a key role in mitigatingclimate change. The urban soils account for 3% of theworld’s territory and urbanization is currently theprimary cause of land use change. The increase ofartificial areas have led to a growing interest in theurban soil ability to store organic carbon. This workaimed to understand the contribution of urban soils tothe global organic carbon stock and to propose astandardized method for its monitoring. The researchalso focused on studying the stability of organic carbonin urban soils and modeling its dynamics. A databasewas built using data available at the French territorylevel as well as using additional measurements acquired in three French cities.The organic carbon stock in urban open soils aresimilar between cities, and equivalent, or even higherin depth, than that of surrounding forest soils. Thestock in open soils is particularly dependent upon themanagement methods of the urban green spaces,and on the specific site history. Thus, open urban soilsare characterized by a high proportion of labileorganic matter at 0-44 cm depth. Conversely, sealedsoils have very low carbon stocks. They arecharacterized by a high proportion of stable organicmatter whose evolution (storage or mineralization)depends on the dormant state of the microbialcommunities. A conceptual model of carbon dynamicsfor these two soil types has been developed. Finally,recommendations for optimizing carbon monitoringand urban soil management have been proposed
Clenet, Harold. "Télédétection hyperspectrale : minéralogie et pétrologie, Application au volcan Syrtis Major (Mars) et à l'ophiolite d'Oman". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379877.
Texto completoNous avons développé une procédure basée sur la mise en oeuvre du Modèle Gaussien Modifié (MGM) qui permet de modéliser les spectres pour des assemblages minéralogiques complexes (olivine - orthopyroxène - clinopyroxène). Après validation de cette approche sur des données simples (poudres), la méthode a été appliquée à des roches naturelles complexes (météorites martiennes et roches d'Oman). Fort de l'expertise acquise dans cette étape intermédiaire, des cartographies minéralogiques ont alors pu être réalisées à partir de données spatiales et aéroportées, respectivement pour le volcan Syrtis Major sur Mars et le massif ophiolitique de Sumail (Oman). Nous avons ainsi montré que les laves de l'édifice volcanique présentent un enrichissement en olivine (Fo50-80) et que les pyroxènes, suivant les conditions de mise en place, peuvent avoir des compositions allant des augites aux enstatites. Pour l'ophiolite d'Oman, nous avons mis en évidence et cartographié pour la première fois des variations spatiales organisées de composition modale au sein même de l'unité harzburgitique. Nous avons également caractérisé des variations de composition dans les clinopyroxènes de la zone crustale ayant des implications pétrogénétiques.
Ces apports sont essentiels dans la caractérisation et la compréhension des processus pétrologiques inhérents à la formation des surfaces planétaires et devraient stimuler l'utilisation de l'imagerie spectroscopique à des fins géologiques.
Dahbi, Radouan. "Conception d’une chaîne de traitements pour la segmentation texture d’images multimodales de pièces de bois en chêne. Application à la détection des singularités et la discrimination du grain du bois". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0143.
Texto completoThe work presented in this CIFRE thesis, associating CRAN and CRITT Bois for the ANR-OPTIFIN project, contributes to the development of an image processing chain for the texture segmentation of multimodal images of sawn oak timber pieces. The idea is to combine multimodal acquisition techniques in visible and near-infrared (NIR) range with texture analysis methods using covariance matrices and texture segmentation methods in the Riemannian manifold, for the detection of singularities and discrimination of wood grain. In the first chapter, we present a state of the art on automated inspection of wood pieces; with a special focus on hardwood species (e.g. oak) for which inspection is still an open problem. The second chapter deals with the implementation of the multimodal imagery platform (PIM) and the calibration of color, grayscale, direct and scatter images in the visible range and abundance maps, obtained from NIR hyperspectral images. We propose an original methodology for the scatter images by optimizing the acquisition parameters on sawn oak timber pieces. The third chapter concerns the study of the registration of monomodal and multimodal images and the application of a method for the suppression of their background. In the fourth chapter, we propose a texture analysis methodology based on the fusion of multimodal images and/or their textural images (LBP, nriLBP, GLCM and Gradient) by covariance matrices. We exploit the covariance matrices by K-means clustering andk-ppv supervised classification methods, extended to the Riemannian case, for segmentation. In the last chapter, we present results ensuring a relevant and fast segmentation of the covariance matrices. They are obtained after having determined the best parameters for the K-means setting. The clustering results show that the use of multimodal images alone leads to an optimal segmentation of compact singularities. They also show the importance of integrating textural images in the modality sets to obtain a better segmentation of regional type singularities. For wood grain, an efficient segmentation is obtained by using only textural images. Finally, we propose to apply k-ppv in the Riemannian manifold on the selected modalities to obtain a more accurate segmentation
Chabrillat, Sabine. "Discrimination lithologique par spectro-imagerie visible-proche infrarouge aéroportée : application au massif péridotitique de Ronda (Espagne)". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30243.
Texto completoGratien, Aline. "Spectroscopie ultraviolet-visible et infrarouge de molécules clés atmosphériques". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846616.
Texto completoGratien, Aline Orphal Johannes Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte. "Spectroscopie ultraviolet-visible et infrarouge de molécules clés atmosphériques". S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0494573.pdf.
Texto completoBOUMRICHE, AHMED. "Structure et dynamique de la perovskite inversee balif#3". Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1008.
Texto completoFormanek, Florian. "Développement d'un microscope optique en champ proche fonctionnant dans le visible, dans l'infrarouge, avec ou sans illumination". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066454.
Texto completoFlament, Bruno. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de photodétecteurs organiques pour le proche infrarouge". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0303.
Texto completoThis thesis shows the study of different organic semiconductors and their use in organic photodetectors (OPDs). Their goal is the detection of light in the near infrared region. First, we presented a bibliographic study and a description of the working principles of OPDs. Then, we show a brief overlook of the optical and electrical properties of these materials and our selection of materials for the following study. In the main part of the study, we described the optimisation of these materials based on a reference for the fabrication and characterization process previously used for PCDTBT based OPDs. The optimization is done in multiple steps. Firstly, we decided the D:A combination present in the active layer. Then, we defined the OPDs architecture with respect to the electrodes and interfacial layers. Further optimization of the active layer in terms of D:A ratio, solvents, additives and annealing is presented. As a result, we obtained OPDs detecting light at 850 nm. The On/Off ratio reach values above 4.103 and responsivity as high as 0,15 A/W. We observed a strong impact of the phase separation in the bulk on responsivity. Finally, we described OPDs with an active layer composed of materials originating only from the project
Labilloy, Dominique. "Cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels pour le proche infrarouge : proprietes optiques et confinement". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0004.
Texto completoYamni, Khalid. "Methodes de caracterisation non destructive du quartz alpha et des grenats". Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2037.
Texto completoAppavou, Marie-Sousai. "Etude de l'influence de la température et de la pression sur la structure et la dynamique de l'inhibiteur de la trypsine pancréatique bovine : une étude par diffusion de neutrons". Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00232529.
Texto completoThe subject of this PhD thesis concerns a protein belonging to the enzymatic catalysis : the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor or BPTI which is a model system much studied by several techniques but less by neutron scattering. It is a small protein ( 58 amino acid residues, a molecular weight of 6500 Da) which has a very high stability since it cannot be denatured at temperature below 95°C or at pressure below 14 kbar. This stability is due to the presence of three disulphide bridges and three salt bridges. We have studied the structure and the dynamics of native state and thermal and pressure denatured states of BPTI by neutron scattering technique. The small angle neutron scattering allowed us to observe a reduction of the radius of gyration of the protein in solution at 95°C and under 6000 bar. Indeed, the shape of BPTI is modified from an ellipsoidal one to a spherical one at 3000 bar, while it is well represented by a micelle when applied pressure values reach 5000 and 6000 bar. Further experiments by infrared spectroscopy and by UV-visible spectroscopy as a function of temperature and pressure allowed us to confirm our results. Quasielastic neutron scattering allowed us to observe an opposite effect of temperature and pressure on global motions and internal dynamics of BPTI in solution. Increasing temperature induces a faster dynamics of these global and internal motions whereas increasing pressure induces a slowing down of these motions
Nicaise, Paul. "Développement de détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour l'infrarouge proche et le visible". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLO013.
Texto completoMicrowave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconductive thin films LCresonators with high quality factors. They can simultaneously record single-photon events and measure their energy without any added optics. Combined with the ease of multiplexing thousands of pixels into a large array, MKIDs are now at the heart of current and upcoming ground-based astronomy applications .Among them is the SpectroPhotometric Imaging for Astronomy with Kinetic InductanceDetectors (SPIAKID) project at Paris Observatory. We are using MKID technologyto build a 20,000 pixels spectrophotometer that will be deployed in 2025 on the 3.6m New Technology Telescope (NTT) in Chile. SPIAKID aims to study the population andmetallicity of stars in Ultra Faint Dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the Local group to have abetter understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. We will present an original design intended to improve the optical coupling between incident photons and the absorber part of the detector
Gmira, Ahmed. "Etude texturale et thermodynamique d'hydrates modèles du ciment". Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006001.
Texto completoGuieu, Valérie. "Nouvelles streptocyanines fluorescentes dans le proche infrarouge : synthèse, propriétés photophysiques et applications". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30178.
Texto completoApplications of streptocyanines are numerous especially in physics and biology. Our lab has been synthezising streptocyanines with 5, 7 and 9 carbon atoms polymethine chain lengths. The synthetic pathway concerns the reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles with carboxonium salts. It leads to very differently structured dyes absorbing and emitting fluorescence from 400 to 700 nm. Using these dyes in biological media needs to go beyond the biological autofluorescence. So we decided to synthezise nonacarbon chain streptocyanine dyes emitting fluorescence in the near infrared region. Generalizing the synthesis method for nonacarbon chain carboxonium salts allowed to reach better purities. Various nonacarbon chain streptocyanines have been obtained. Substitution of the meso position has been achieved with different nucleophiles. It leads to dyes that exhibit a Stokes' shift of 100 nm which is of the big interest to detect fluorescence easily. Nonacarbon chain hemicarboxonium salts have also been synthesised. Their reactivity towards amines proves their potential use as covalent fluorescent probes. Photochemical stability of some new streptocyanine dyeshas been studied using single molecule microscopy