Tesis: "Violence of History"

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Kaleba, Casey Dean. "Violent delights a cultural history of media violence debates /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2130.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Theatre. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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2

Chapman, John. "Predatory War: A History of Violence". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1552.

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This thesis attempts to explain the reasons states choose to prey on other states or territories. A way of testing significance was devised and three variables were produced: Proclivity to violence, winning coalition size, and whether or not a war of conquest took place. The scope for this project was the time period of 1900-1950 and the location was Europe. The European countries were then refined down to a list of 10 states based on power ratings used in the Correlates of War. Then the leaders of each of these states were rated on a scale of 1 – 5 on personal violence, or how inclined they were to act violently. In order to determine this number their biographies were researched and specific traits were used to determine if they were violent individuals. These include military service, criminal history, participation in violent sports, support of military action, participation in a war effort, and any other examples of violent behavior. Second, the winning coalition size of each of these leader’s states was determined as an indicator of the amount of domestic support a leader had. This was ascertained by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita’s rating system. The third variable, the occurrence of a war of conquest, was determined by finding if there was a war of conquest that took place during the tenure of the individual leaders. The hypothesis is that a leader with a high proclivity to violence and a small winning coalition size will have presided over more wars of conquest than leaders with a low proclivity to violence and a large winning coalition. The three variables were compiled at the individual leader level totaling 151 cases and 10 countries. Then they were tested using the SPSS statistical program using a binary logistic regression. The results showed no significance between the variables. When tested individually however the independent variable of proclivity towards violence showed a p-value of .054, making it nearly significant at the .05 level. This finding illustrates a potentially significant correlation between the individual violence level of a leader and whether or not they initiate or continue a war of conquest.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science

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3

Lepp, Annalee E. "Dis/membering the family, marital breakdown, domestic conflict, and family violence in Ontario, 1830-1920". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56087.pdf.

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4

Corke-Webster, James Christopher. "Violence and authority in Eusebius of Caesarea's 'Ecclesiastical History'". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/violence-and-authority-in-eusebius-of-caesareas-ecclesiastical-history(0a139e39-c3da-4079-b1db-a865246765bb).html.

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The first Christian historian, Eusebius of Caesarea, wrote his pioneering Ecclesiastical History in the early 4th century, just after the western emperor Constantine’s “conversion” to Christianity. It was a history born of Eusebius’ present and designed for the future. Reading Eusebius and the Ecclesiastical History within the second sophistic movement, I argue that Eusebius’ picture of Christian history appropriated the past to fundamentally re-imagine the essence of Christian authority. Eusebius’ descriptions of past Christians used them as exemplars of a new model of Christian leadership designed for his 4th century context. Eusebius was writing in the first place for the Christian clergy; elite provincial Christians who shared the mores and stereotypes of their elite non-Christian neighbours. He therefore presented a model of Christian authority not based around the extreme violence of martyrdom and asceticism which had characterised the charismatic heroes of earlier 2nd and 3rd century Christian literature. It was based instead on a traditional elite rhetoric of temperance, learned through paideia and manifested in care for dependents. Around this thread Eusebius built his Empire-wide church.

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5

O'Connell, Ashanti. "Children's memories of political violence". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268561.

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6

Hall-Patton, Joseph. "Pacifying Paradise: Violence and Vigilantism in San Luis Obispo". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1594.

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San Luis Obispo, California was a violent place in the 1850s with numerous murders and lynchings in staggering proportions. This thesis studies the rise of violence in SLO, its causation, and effects. The vigilance committee of 1858 represents the culmination of the violence that came from sweeping changes in the region, stemming from its earliest conquest by the Spanish. The mounting violence built upon itself as extensive changes took place. These changes include the conquest of California, from the Spanish mission period, Mexican and Alvarado revolutions, Mexican-American War, and the Gold Rush. The history of the county is explored until 1863 to garner an understanding of the borderlands violence therein.

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7

Crawford, Sarah Jean. "Intra-Familial Violence in England, 1300-1600". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12556.

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Violence was both a hallmark of social and political order, when rightly exercised, and a corruptor of this order, when inappropriately perpetrated, in medieval and early modern society. The perceived line between legitimate and illegitimate violence shifted throughout the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Social attitudes towards violence within the family is the focus of this thesis. Rightly exercised, the correction of wives, children, wards, servants, and apprentices guaranteed the hierarchical order of society. Wrongly implemented, household violence had the potential to undermine the social and political basis of society, which was the family. The proper place for every person in medieval and early modern society was within a family, either under the control of a paterfamilias or being the head of a household. In England throughout the late-fifteenth and sixteenth centuries social attitudes towards the perpetrators of intra-familial violence hardened and levels of violence previously accepted by the community became increasingly unacceptable. On the basis of records from common law, equity, and ecclesiastical courts social attitudes towards acceptable and unacceptable household violence can be discerned. The legal evidence increasingly suggests that people were taking cases of household violence to a variety of courts and jurisdictions and therefore were expecting legal involvement and solutions on matters that had previously been familial concerns resolved through informal dispute resolutions. Litigants involved in suits alleging unacceptable levels of intra-familial violence believed that the courts were an appropriate avenue to address these issues and that the court personnel would share their understandings of acceptable/unacceptable violence. The structure of the court systems gave significant discretion to juries, for common law civil and criminal cases, presiding officers, for Church court cases, and the chancellor or council, for equity court cases, when making their decisions. This allowed social attitudes towards household violence to influence both the types of cases brought before a court and the way decisions were made in cases alleging unacceptable family violence. Excessive intra-familial violence undermined the claims to authority made by men who controlled households. Household violence had the potential to disrupt social and political structures which used the hierarchical nature of the family to validate hierarchies embedded in society. Thus enforcing appropriate levels of chastisement was a way of ensuring social and political stability.

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8

Larocque, Noel Leigh. "Conjoint therapy for couples with a history of domestic violence". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51738.pdf.

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9

Zimmerman, Andrea Luka. "Secreting history : the spectral and spectacular performance of political violence". Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436787.

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10

Araújo, Arthur Filipe Barbosa de. "Films and destination image: when violence is based on history". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10186.

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Mestrado em Gestão
O presente trabalho visa aferir os efeitos de filmes com roteiros negativos na imagem dos destinos neles mostrados. Para isto, o caso do filme “Cidade de Deus” e da imagem do Brasil enquanto desitno foi adotado. De modo a cumprir tal objetivo, o filme foi exibido em sessões fechadas, nas quais os participantes foram solicitados preencher um questionário antes e um depois de assití-lo. Os resultados demonstram que os efeitos do filme na imagem do destino são maioritariamente negativos. Porém, o filme aumentou as intenções de visita para pequeno grupo de participantes, casos nos quais as paisagens mostradas foram o elemento mais relevante. Conclui-se que filmes com roteiros negativos tendem a tornar as avaliações dos espectadores sobre o destino em geral mais negativas, inclusive nos aspetos não diretamente relacionados ao filme. A idéia de que mesmo filmes com com conteúdo negativo podem ser vantajosos para a atração de segmentos específicos também é corroborada. Os resultados também demostram a necessidade de mais estudos empíricos sobre a influencia de filmes com roteiros negativos nos destinos mostrados, como o seu efeito de longa duração na imagem destes destinos.
The present work aimed to assess the effects of films with negative plots on the image of the destinations they depict. For that purpose, the case of City of God and the image of Brazil were adopted. In order to fulfill that goal, the film was screened in closed sections in which participants were solicited to fill out one questionnaire before and one after seeing the film. The results show that the film’s effect on the destination’s image was mostly negative. However, for a group of viewers the film increased intentions to visit the country, in which cases the landscapes depicted were the most relevant factor. It is concluded that negative plot films tend to turn viewers’ evaluations generally more negative, including on the aspects not directly related to the film. Also, the idea that even films with negative plots may be advantageous in attracting certain specific segments was corroborated. The results also call for more empirical studies within the influence of films with negative plots on the depicted destinations, like their long-lasting effect on the destination image.

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11

Ramesh, Sanjay. "History of Inter-Group Conflict and Violence in Modern Fiji". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7248.

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The thesis analyses inter-group conflict in Fiji within the framework of inter-group theory, popularised by Gordon Allport, who argued that inter-group conflict arises out of inter-group prejudice, which is historically constructed and sustained by dominant groups. Furthermore, Allport hypothesised that there are three attributes of violence: structural and institutional violence in the form of discrimination, organised violence and extropunitive violence in the form of in-group solidarity. Using history as a method, I analyse the history of inter-group conflict in Fiji from 1960 to 2006. I argue that inter-group conflict in Fiji led to the institutionalisation of discrimination against Indo-Fijians in 1987 and this escalated into organised violence in 2000. Inter-group tensions peaked in Fiji during the 2006 general elections as ethnic groups rallied behind their own communal constituencies as a show of in-group solidarity and produced an electoral outcome that made multiparty governance stipulated by the multiracial 1997 Constitution impossible. Using Allport’s recommendations on mitigating inter-group conflict in divided communities, the thesis proposes a three-pronged approach to inter-group conciliation in Fiji, based on implementing national identity, truth and reconciliation and legislative reforms.

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12

Ravindran, Rajan. "Religious desecration and ethnic violence". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FRavindran.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Anna Simons. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-66). Also available in print.

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13

Kendrick, James. "Screen violence and the New Hollywood". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3167809.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1202. Adviser: Joan Hawkins. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Nov. 15, 2006)."

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14

Goodman, Steve. "Turbulence : a cartography of postmodern violence". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36343/.

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This thesis maps the end of the millenium in terms of the geostrategic flux of the post Cold War world system. Using the concept of turbulence developed in the physics of fluids, and Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari's liquid microphysics of the war machine, a materialist analysis of violence is developed which cuts through the binary oppostions of order/chaos, law/violence, war/peace to construct a cartography of speeds and slowness, collective compositions and power. Sector 1 defines postmodernity in terms of cybernetic culture, delineating the distinction between Deleuze & Guattari's concept of cartography and steering the problem out of the remit of a juridico/politico/moral discourse telwards physics. Sector 2 develops a fluid physics of turbulence and connects it to a materialist analysis of social systems by mapping turbulent and laminar flow onto Deleuze & Guattari's war machine and apparatus of capture. A fluid dynamics of insurgency is then outlined with reference to the geo-strategic undercurrent constituted by Chinese martial theory. Sector 3 reconfigures social evolution in relation to the non-linear social physics developed in Sector 2, unmasking the racism and Imperialism of linear narratives of progress. Instead of progression from one historical phase to another, the planet is seen to be composed of a virtual co-existence of modes stretched out on a continuum of war. This continuum connects the martial modes of despotic states, disciplinary states and packs. These modes differ in their degree of compositional laminarization. Sector 4 deploys the cartography on the emergence of a planetary cybernetic culture and its relation to a global machinery of war. Postmodern control is designated as turbulence simulation or programmed catastrophe- a runaway process of accident or emergency quantizing typified by implosive turbulence in the core of the world system and its overexposure. Sector 5 pushes the cartography towards an antifascist fluid mechanics otherwise denoted as an ethics of speed or a tao of turbulence.

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15

Jenkins, Scott. "Medieval student violence : Oxford and Bologna, c.1250-1400". Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678402.

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16

Alecksynas, Nia M. "Violence and warfare in the late prehistoric Southwest| A ritual explanation". Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110346.

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The last four decades of research regarding the late prehistoric American Southwest has produced abundant evidence for violence, warfare and cannibalism among the Ancestral Puebloan peoples. Most archaeologists attribute this rise in violence and subsequent abandonment of the Four Corners region to degrading environmental conditions. While ecological factors surely contributed, it is hard to accept that this alone led to the extreme mutilation of hundreds of human remains found throughout the Pueblo territory. It is proposed that increasing social complexity along with new ritual practices resulted in intense and violent attacks throughout the Pueblo expanse.

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17

Pantchev, N. (Nikola). "A history of violence:the evolution of violence in American film remakes". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605051637.

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This master’s thesis studies the violence in American cinema. The study is relevant, as it seems that more and more focus is given to the violence found in the arts. Furthermore, it seems that there is a general idea that films are becoming more violent. The thesis first investigates the history of American cinema from the late 1800s to the present while analyzing how violence has been depicted and filmed. The thesis also considers how violence in film has been moderated, for example, by the Production Code. The first part of the thesis focuses on the four eras of Hollywood and discovers that violence has been a part of film since the first films were made. In fact, the first films were focused on violence. The thesis further elaborates how violence has been regulated, and how the depiction of violence has evolved during the hundred years of cinema. The evolution is further investigated in the second part of the thesis, which provides analyses of eleven American films and film remakes. The analyses form a comparison where the remake is compared and contrasted to the original. The purpose of the comparison is to discern how depictions of violence have changed as special effects have evolved and as the various regulations have changed. The films analyzed are Psycho (1960) and Psycho (1998); The Thing From Another World (1951), The Thing (1982) and The Thing (2011); Evil Dead 2 (1987) and Evil Dead (2013); RoboCop (1987) and RoboCop (2014); Total Recall (1990) and Total Recall (2012). The analyses could not show a clear trend toward more violent films as the level of violence found in the analyzed films had only increased slightly, remained the same, or lessened. RoboCop and Total Recall both show that the violence has in fact been reduced as the films were intended for broader audiences
Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman aiheena on amerikkalainen elokuva ja siinä esiintyvä väkivalta. Tutkielma on ajankohtainen, sillä yhä enemmän huomiota kiinnitetään taiteissa esiintyvään väkivaltaan. Sen lisäksi vaikuttaa siltä, että vallalla on yleinen käsitys elokuvien lisääntyvästä väkivallasta. Ensiksi tutkielma käsittelee amerikkalaisen elokuvan historiaa 1800-luvun lopulta aina tähän päivään saakka samalla analysoiden, miten väkivaltaa on kuvattu ja esitetty elokuvissa. Tutkielmassa otetaan huomioon myös eri tavat, joilla elokuvaa on säädelty (esimerkiksi Tuotantokoodi). Tutkielman ensimmäinen osa kattaa amerikkalaisen elokuvan historian ja jakaa sen neljään periodiin. Löydöksenä on, että väkivalta on ollut osa elokuvaa sen syntyajoista lähtien ja itse asiassa ensimmäiset elokuvat pohjautuivat väkivaltaan. Tutkielma myös selventää miten elokuvan väkivaltaa on säädelty ja miten väkivallan esittäminen on kehittynyt elokuvan satavuotisen historian aikana. Tätä kehitystä tutkitaan lisää tutkielman toisessa osassa, joka keskittyy 11 amerikkalaisen elokuvan sekä uusintaversion analysointiin. Elokuvien uusintaversioita verrataan alkuperäisiin elokuviin. Vertailun tarkoituksena on selvittää miten väkivallan esittäminen on muuttunut erikoistehosteiden sekä eri säädösten muuttuessa. Analysoitavat elokuvat ovat: Psycho (1960) ja Psycho (1998), The Thing From Another World (1951), The Thing (1982) ja The Thing (2011), Evil Dead 2 (1987) ja Evil Dead (2013), RoboCop (1987) ja RoboCop (2014) sekä Total Recall (1990) ja Total Recall (2012). Analyysit eivät voineet osoittaa selvää linjaa elokuvien väkivaltaistumisen puolesta, vaan elokuvien väkivalta analysoitujen elokuvien osalta näytti vain hieman lisääntyneen, pysyneen ennallaan tai jopa vähentyneen. RoboCop ja Total Recall -elokuvien analyysit näyttävät miten väkivaltaa on vähennetty, koska elokuvat on tarkoitettu laajemmalle yleisölle

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18

Collins, Margo. "Wayward Women, Virtuous Violence: Feminine Violence in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century British Literature by Women". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2474/.

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This dissertation examines the role of "acceptable" feminine violence in Restoration and eighteenth-century drama and fiction. Scenes such as Lady Davers's physical assault on Pamela in Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) have understandably troubled recent scholars of gender and literature. But critics, for the most part, have been more inclined to discuss women as victims of violence than as agents of violence. I argue that women in the Restoration and eighteenth century often used violence in order to maintain social boundaries, particularly sexual and economic ones, and that writers of the period drew upon this tradition of acceptable feminine violence in order to create the figure of the violent woman as a necessary agent of social control. One such figure is Violenta, the heroine of Delarivier Manley's novella The Wife's Resentment (1720), who murders and dismembers her bigamous husband. At her trial, Violenta is condemned to death "notwithstanding the Pity of the People" and "the Intercession of the Ladies," who believe that although the "unexampled Cruelty [Violenta] committed afterwards on the dead Body" was excessive, the murder itself is not inexcusable given her husband's bigamy. My research draws upon diverse archival materials, such as conduct manuals, criminal biographies, and legal records, in order to provide a contextual grounding for the interpretation of literary works by women. Moving between contemporary accounts of feminine violence and discussions of pertinent literary works by Eliza Haywood, Susanna Centlivre, Delarivier Manley, Aphra Behn, Mary Pix, and Jane Wiseman, the dissertation examines issues of interpersonal violence and communal violence committed by women.

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19

Frazier, Monique R. "Physically and Sexually Violent Juvenile Offenders: A Comparative Study of Victimization History Variables". DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6137.

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The primary purpose of this study was to examine and compare physically and sexually violent juvenile offenders (PVJOs and SVJOs) to determine whether specific factors in their abuse histories, if present, tend to be associated with-the type of violent offense pattern they exhibit. The Youth Experiences and Behaviors Structured Interview (YEBSI)--an instrument which assesses for primary (victimization), secondary (witnessing), and perpetrated abuse of an emotional, physical, and sexual nature, by and/or toward family members, acquaintances, strangers, and animals--was developed by the primary researcher for use in this study. Thirty-six PVJOs and 30 SVJOs were interviewed. Results indicated that the YEBSI demonstrated high levels of internal consistency reliability and a very high level of interrater reliability. Various descriptive statistical, scale, and subscale correlations for the YEBSI were provided. Very high percentages of both groups reported experiencing and witnessing all types of abuse. In all cases, a similar or larger percentage of SVJOs reported histories of primary and secondary abuse. SVJOs reported more severe levels of emotional abuse, similar severity levels of physical abuse, and less extremely severe levels of sexual abuse than did PVJOs. Family members and acquaintances (as compared to strangers) tended to be far more frequently reported as perpetrators by respondents. Composite primary and secondary abuse scores were moderately correlated with abuse perpetration scores for SVJOs and strongly correlated with abuse perpetration scores for PVJOs. For emotional, family, acquaintance, and stranger abuse, reported primary-secondary abuse scores were found to be most highly correlated with abuse perpetration scores of the same nature (e.g., emotional abuse history-witness scores best correlated with physical abuse perpetration scores and family abuse history-witness scores best correlated with perpetration scores against family members) Finally, the classification variables correctly predicted 75% of those in the physically violent group and 67% of those in the sexually violent group, with an overall "hit" rate of 71%. Examination of the discriminant function-variable correlations in this study indicates that it was primarily the emotional, family-perpetrated, and sexual abuse subscales that defined the function. Theoretical interpretations and implications for these results are provided.

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20

Haden, Kyle Edward. "The City of Brotherly Love and the Most Violent Religious Riots in America| Anti-Catholicism and Religious Violence in Philadelphia, 1820--1858". Thesis, Fordham University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563400.

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Numerous studies of anti-Catholicism in America have narrated a long dark prejudice that has plagued American society from the Colonial period to the present. A variety of interpretations for anti-Catholic sentiments and convictions have been offered, from theological to economic influences. Though many of these studies have offered invaluable insights in understanding anti-Catholic rhetoric and violence, each tends to neglect the larger anthropological realities which influence social tensions and group marginalization. By utilizing the theory of human identity needs as developed by Vern Neufeld Redekop, this study offers a means of interpreting anti-Catholicism from an anthropological perspective that allows for a multivalent approach to social, cultural, and communal disharmony and violence. Religion has played an important role in social and cultural tension in America. But by utilizing Redekop's human identity needs theory, it is possible to see religion's role in conjunction with other identity needs which help to form individual and communal identity. Human identity needs theory postulates that humans require a certain level of identity needs satisfaction in order to give an individual a sense of wellbeing in the world. These include, Redekop maintains, 1) meaning, 2) security, 3) connectedness, 4) recognition, and 5) action. By examining where these needs have been neglected or threatened, this study maintains one is better able to assess the variety of influences in the formation of identity, which in turn helps to foster animosity, marginalization, and possibly violence towards those individuals or groups defined as outsiders. Having been relegated as outsiders due to differing identity markers, the in group, or dominant social group, tend to perceive the outsiders as threatening if they are believed to be obstacles to the acquisition of one or more of the five identity needs categories. This study focuses on the bloody Bible Riots of 1844 as a case study for applying human identity needs theory in interpreting social violence in American history.

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21

Howard, Marilyn K. "Black Lynching in the Promised Land: Mob Violence in Ohio 1876-1916". The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392904282.

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22

Glover, Jacob Alan. "ONE DEAD FREEDMAN: EVERYDAY RACIAL VIOLENCE, BLACK FREEDOM, AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP, 1863-1871". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/47.

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This dissertation is the first comprehensive study of “everyday” racial violence in the postbellum South. Taking as its focus the states of Louisiana and Kentucky, One Dead Freedman juxtaposes the practical enactment of black citizenship against daily racial terrorism by incorporating personal, familial, and community testimony left behind by African Americans who had a direct experience with such violence. Within this dissertation, the terminology of “everyday violence” is employed to differentiate the more mundane forms of white violence from the more spectacular forms of Reconstruction-era violence such as lynching, the Ku Klux Klan, and race riots. Thus, the definition of everyday violence includes anything from verbal threats all the way to the brutal beatings, whippings, and murders that were so commonplace as to not draw attention from the local and national media. One Dead Freedman is organized both thematically and chronologically, and it examines everyday racial violence in five distinct “spaces”: military enlistment; the workplace; the household; schools; and voting stations. This dissertation pays close attention to what each of these spaces meant to black Southerners during the first years of emancipation, and, then, digs into what forms, or types, of violence were utilized by white Southerners in each. One Dead Freedman concludes that white Southerners used racial violence in an effort to circumscribe the practical enactment of black citizenship on a daily basis during Reconstruction. This violence was, ironically, both pervasive and diffuse, and served to undercut the position of African Americans in the South, and America at large, far beyond 1877 by limiting black mobility and autonomy in both private and public spaces in which African Americans defined the meaning of their own freedom. The persistence of this violence, and its legacy, was central to the enduring power of racism in America through the Civil Rights Movement and even into modern America.

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23

Curran, Emma. "Modelling the relationships among trauma history, intimate partner violence and mental health". Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633651.

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Classification of mental health symptomology is complex as individuals and their life experiences are heterogeneous in nature. Comorbidity is also often present among experience of mental health disorders. Recent empirical literature has attempted to reduce this heterogeneity by producing subtypes for patterns of negative life experiences. This method, creating profiles of trauma histories can account for individual differences and can better inform aetiology of mental health disorders. Generating profiles of trauma and associated outcomes will enhance clinical practise by enabling informed prevention and strategies for individual tailored treatment plans. This thesis has utilised a variety of structural modelling techniques, to elucidate heterogeneity in negative life experiences and associated mental health symptomology. Person centred profiles of negative lifetime experiences have been produced to substantiate current understanding of mental health diagnoses. Data were from the 2004- 2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Previous literature has intended to identify trauma experiences with associated mental health implications. As a precursor to previous literature, this thesis outlines a series of measurement models which convey experiences of childhood adversities, childhood! adulthood traumas, intimate partner violence and DSM -IV mental health disorders. Latent class analyses have identified three subgroups for the experience of childhood adversities, these were labelled low adversities, high adversities and high physical abuse and family violence. A further three subgroups were identified for experience of childhood and adulthood traumas, low traumas, high traumas and high loss/ other indirect traumas. Confirmatory factor analysis mapped out a unidimensional factor structure for perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence. Common DSM-IV mental health disorders also mapped onto an internalising/ externalising dimension of psychopathology. To extend and substantiate each of these individual analyses a range of demographic covariates were incorporated into each measurement model. Subsequently, to provide a comprehensive investigation, all of the defined measurement models were examined simultaneously by estimating a final structural equation model. Understanding mental health symptomology and the intricate pathways which impact outcomes for individuals has major clinical and public health significance. This thesis, expanding on previous literature, recommends that clinicians and practitioners should demonstrate particular consideration when assessing clients who present with trauma or mental health problems. Subtyping of patient trauma histories can lead to the delivery of more successful and informed treatment interventions. Results from this thesis have many relevant and useful implications for both research and practise.

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24

BARROS, NIVIA VALENCA. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: HISTORY, SOCIAL POLICIES, PRATICS AND PROTECTION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6501@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Este estudo trata da construção sócio-histórica da violência intrafamiliar contra criança e adolescente e de como esta foi engendrada no contexto brasileiro. Procuramos apresentar a violência intrafamiliar em sua concretude e o seu impacto avassalador sobre as vítimas, tanto em aspectos objetivos quanto subjetivos. Para isso, procedemos a um levantamento teórico conceitual sobre as questões que envolvem a infância e a adolescência, as políticas e práticas de proteção social. Para apresentar este panorama foi feita uma pesquisa de campo que se debruçou sobre 14.445 prontuários registrados em dez anos de atividade do 1º Conselho Tutelar de Niterói, tendo selecionado os 2.446 relativos às diversas categorias da violência intrafamiliar. Tais informações, reunidas em um Banco de Dados, foram agrupadas de forma a traçar quadros quantitativos e qualitativos sobre o funcionamento do Conselho e outros órgãos de atendimentos à criança e adolescente e delinear um perfil societário dos 14 anos de vigência do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.
This study focused on the construction of the domestic violence against children and adolescents and how this was generated within the context of the Brazilian culture. We tried to show the domestic violence in its magnitude with its disruptive impact over the victims, both objective and subjective. Thus, we pursued a conceptual research on subjects involving the childhood and adolescence, the policies and practices of social protection. To present this scenario we pursued a field survey which included 14,445 repositories produced within the 10 years of activities of the 1rst Niteroi Tutelary Council. The work was based on 2,446 selected files related to several categories of domestic violence. This information, which was arquived in a database, was grouped in order to obtain quantitative and qualitative data related to the performance of the Council and other sectors to assist children and adolescents. We also wanted to define profiles associated with the 14 years of the Children and Adolescence Ordinance.

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25

Solic, Margaret. "A Nation Against Itself: Domestic Violence, Feminism, and the State". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437729890.

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26

Laythe, Joseph Willard. "A cycle of crisis and violence : the Oregon State Penitentiary, 1866-1968". PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4367.

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This thesis examines seven crises at the Oregon State Penitentiary between 1866 and 1968 which are symptomatic of a larger pathology of power at play at the institution. These prison crises brought the pathology of power out from behind the thick grey walls of the institution and to the eyes and ears of an uninformed public. This arousal of such attention forced the prison to re-evaluate its penal model, enact half-hearted reforms, but then resume to the institution's traditional pattern and style of punishment. This inability to address the crises or resolve the immediate problem points to a larger problem-namely a pathology of power. The pathology of power is evident in the prison administration's abuse of the political, financial, and physical power that the prison offers. This pathology is innate to the philosophy of the institution, regardless of the penal model then in application (rehabilitative or disciplinary).

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27

Scott, Amanda Lynn. "The Wayward Priest of Atondo: Violence, Vocation, and Religious Reform in a Navarrese Parish". W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626627.

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28

Beatty, Joshua Fogarty. ""The Fatal Year": Slavery, Violence, and the Stamp Act of 1765". W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623642.

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This dissertation argues that the American colonists came to resist the Stamp Act of 1765 through equating it with slavery, a state still understood as resulting from surrender in war. This metaphor both dominated print discourse and served to justify violence against supporters of the Act. Slavery rhetoric implied that resistance through violent struggle was essential for the colonists both to win their freedom and to demonstrate to the wider world that they deserved such freedom. Understanding resistance in these terms reveals the close connections between the rhetoric deployed against the Stamp Act and the actions taken against stamp officers and other supporters of the Act. A close examination of the chronology of rhetoric and resistance shows that it was the colonists' commitment to violent struggle---the actions of urban crowds and of a vigilant network of Sons of Liberty---that prevented enactment of the Stamp Act. and it was knowledge of that resistance that caused Parliament to vote against sending troops to enforce the Stamp Act, well before merchants and manufacturers testified to their economic straits.;The four chapters proceed chronologically through the period May 1765 -- May 1766. The first chapter examines the colonists' decision to resist the Stamp Act and ends in July 1765. Chapter 2 is a study of the crowd actions against crown officers in August through October. The third chapter contrasts the ineffectual Stamp Act Congress with the actions of the Sons of Liberty in the winter of 1766, while the final chapter focuses on the repeal celebrations of May 1766.

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29

Regina, Christophe. "Femmes, violence(s) et sociéte face au tribunal de la sénéchaussée de Marseille (1750-1789)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3022.

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Les femmes sont-elles violentes ? Simple question qui appelle a priori une réponse évidente mais qui dans les faits semble avoir quelques difficultés à retrouver une réponse. Vision biaisée, regards troublés, les lectures du rapport des femmes à la violence tendent à réduire, à minimiser ou à réfuter l'exercice quotidien d'une violence féminine renvoyée à l'exceptionnel et à l'anormalité. Les femmes seraient par définition moins violentes que les hommes. Mais quels sont les fondements de pareil postulat ? Afin d'y réfléchir ont été investies dans le cadre de cette thèse les archives du tribunal de la sénéchaussée de Marseille afin de questionner les formes, les occasions et les expériences de la violence ordinaire auxquelles les femmes étaient confrontées. Se défaisant de l'idée d'un phénomène jugé mineur et ponctuel, les sources exploitées ont permis d'appréhender l'ordinaire des violences marseillaises, resituant aux sexes la part respective qui leur revient en la matière et permettant de nuancer l'idée d'une faible participation féminine aux actes violents ainsi qu'une réflexion sur les formes et manifestations des violences. Les femmes tout à tour actrices et victimes de ces usages tiennent une place fondamentale au sein de la société des voisins qu'elles envahissent, modèlent et contrôlent en partie. La litigiosité féminine a constitué l'angle d'approche retenu pur considérer au travers du regard judiciaire et de ses imperfections, le quotidien ordinaire d'une ville importante d'Ancien Régime : Marseille. La violence est processeur d'une dynamique sociale à laquelle les femmes prennent activement part, qu'elle la subissent ou qu'elles l'exercent
Are Women violent? The answer to this simple question would seem a priori obvious, but in fact it is difficult to offer a convincing explanation. Statistics and data on female violence tend to reduce, minimize or disprove the idea that female violence might take place on a daily basis, suggesting rather that it is the exception, or at the very least an abnormal occurrence. Apparently, women are inherently less violent than men. But what is the basis for such a premise? In order to answer this question, we have studied the records of the Seneschal of Marseilles' court. These judicial archives allow us to understand the forms, opportunities and experience of everyday violence that women faced. Setting aside the idea that this was a minor and irregular phenomenon, these sources provide evidence of violence in the everyday life of Marseilles' inhabitants and attribute to each sex their proper place in this behavior, while enabling a nuanced analysis of the idea that women were less inclined to violence and providing insight into the forms and manifestations of such violence. Women, both actresses and victims of these practices, were key players within the society in their ability to enter, shape and partially control their neighbourhood. By studying cases presented to the courts by women, it is possible to adopt the judge's perspective, with its insight and imperfections, of daily life of a major city under the Old Regime: Marseilles. Violence was a social dynamic process in which women were actively involved, whether as victims or aggressors. By comparing analytical tools and approaches of sources, it is possible to study both the working and the elite classes

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30

Taylor, Angela R. "An analytical study of the relationship among sex role socialization, history of family violence, and being a victim of domestic violence". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1869.

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This study examined the relationship among sex role socialization, history of family violence, and being a victim of domestic violence. The unit of analysis consisted of 30 women that are victims of domestic violence from the Mount Ephraim Baptist Church Educational Program in Atlanta, Georgia. The study was based on the premises that: 1) there would be a significant relationship between history of family violence and being a victim of domestic violence; and 2) there would be a significant relationship between sex role socialization and being a victim of domestic violence. A face to face survey research design was used to collect the data. The sample was a convenient sample of women taking educational classes at Mount Ephraim Baptist Church. Results of the findings indicated that there was no significant relationship between sex role socialization and domestic violence as well as no significant relationship between history of family violence and domestic violence. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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31

Reed, Adam Metcalfe. "Mental Death| Slavery, Madness and State Violence in the United States". Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3641703.

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In this dissertation, I analyzing the invagination of slavery and madness as constitutive of the political, medical, economic, legal and literary institutions of the United States. In my introduction, I discuss my previous project concerning all black mental institutions that emerged in the American South after Reconstruction. My first chapter, "Haunting Asylums: Madness, Slavery and the Archive," addresses my difficulties with the fragmented records of the racially segregated mental asylums and how figurations of the ghost or the inhuman failed to provide me with a salvific moment. In Chapter 2, "Compounds of Madness and Race: Governing Species, Disease and Sexuality in the Early Republic," I map the epistemic ground of race, mind and nation in the Revolutionary-era United States. My third chapter, "Worse than Useless, Too Much Sense: Enslaved Insanity in Plantations, Courtrooms and Asylums" is the culmination of previous two, where I trace the admission and treatment records of a sixteen-year-old slave interned in a mental asylum to the discourses and institutions surrounding the internal slave trade. I conclude by discussing two deaths separated by two centuries but connected by the violent conjunction of antiblackness and madness.

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32

Seul, Stephanie. "Colin McCullough/Nathan Wilson (Hg.): Violence, Memory, and History. Western Perceptions of Kristallnacht". HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34852.

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33

Lua, Angel Granillo. "HISTORY THAT HEMORRHAGES: CORMAC MCCARTHY’S THE CROSSING, SIMULACRA, AND THE RHETORIC OF VIOLENCE". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/636.

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Recollecting the history of the United States, which is inextricably entangled with westward expansionism (Manifest Destiny) and the construction of borders, is also a complex and troubling reexamination of the American identity itself. This is evident in critical perspectives that analyze our violent past and the narratives that continue to govern not only contemporary culture but also the academic sphere as Native scholars have been proposing over the last twenty years. However, what remains vital to this conversation is how to better include the narratives and voices from both native peoples and Mexicans—especially in the southwest borderlands—which also counteract the dominant narratives mentioned above. However, these alternate narratives can be affirmed and authorized as crucial histories by utilizing Baudrillard’s notion of simulacra and at the same time, act as a form of resistance. By reevaluating three crucial moments in The Crossing, Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulation, and employing a heuristic I will call the rhetoric of violence, I hope to highlight the importance of such marginalized narratives and the voices that occupy them in American history.

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34

Post, Kaeleigh A. "No Greater Love Than This: Violence, Nonviolence, and the Atonement". Trinity Lutheran Seminary / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=trin1440692149.

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35

Bobowik, Magdalena, Darío Páez, James H. Liu, Agustin Espinosa, Elza Techio, Elena Zubieta y Rosa Cabecinhas. "Beliefs about history, the meaning of historical events and culture of war". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102657.

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This study examines beliefs concerning the content of history, the meaning of Second World War (WWII) and the evaluation of historical events in relation to pro-war attitudes. Participants were 1183 university students from Spain, Portugal, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Cape Verde. Four supra-level dimensions in the representations of the past were found: History as progress and leaders-oriented, history as focused on justifying calamities, history as violence and catastrophe, and history as meaningless. The prevalent positive beliefs about history were linked with enthusiasm to fight in a future war for one’s country.
Se estudiaron las creencias sobre el contenido de la historia, el significado de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la evaluación de eventos históricos en relación con una actitud favorable a la guerra. Los participantes fueron 1183 estudiantes universitarios de España, Portugal, Argentina, Brasil, Perú y Cabo Verde. Se encontraron cuatro grandes dimensiones en las representaciones sobre el pasado: la historia como proceso de progreso y dirigida por líderes; la historia compuesta por calamidades que se deben aceptar; la historia como violencia y catástrofes; y, la historia como carente de sentido. La prevalente visión positiva de la historia se asoció a una actitud favorable a luchar en una nueva guerra.

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36

Bredell, Kyle Hampton. "Black Panther High: Racial Violence, Student Activism, and the Policing of Philadelphia Public Schools". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216534.

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History
M.F.A.
The school district of Philadelphia built up its security program along a very distinct pathway that was largely unrelated to any real needs protection. This program played out in two distinct phases. In the late 1950s, black and white students clashed in the neighborhoods surrounding schools over integration. Black parents called upon the city to provide community policing to protect their children in the communities surrounding schools. As the 1960s progressed and the promised civil rights gains from city liberals failed to materialize, students turned increasingly to Black Nationalist and black power ideology. When this protest activity moved inside their schoolhouses as blacks simultaneously began moving into white neighborhoods, white Philadelphians began to feel threatened in their homes and schools. As black student activism became louder and more militant, white parents called upon the police to protect their children inside the school house, as opposed to the earlier calls for community policing by black parents. White parents, the PPD, and conservative city politicians pushed the district to adopt tougher disciplinary policies to ham string this activism, to which black parents vehemently objected. The district resisted demands to police the schools through the 1960s until finally caving to political pressure in the 1970s.
Temple University--Theses

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37

Gutkowski, Stacey Elizabeth. "Religious violence, secularism and the British security imaginary, 2001-2009". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608941.

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38

Collins-Breyfogle, Kristin L. "Negotiating Imperial Spaces: Gender, Sexuality, and Violence in the Nineteenth-century Caucasus". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313523207.

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39

Couldrey, Charlotte. "Violence within the lives of homeless people". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/174287/.

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Narrative Literature Review Experience of victimisation and violence is prevalent within homeless people’s lives, and frequently begins in childhood through the experience of childhood abuse and trauma. The impact of childhood abuse and trauma has been associated directly and indirectly as a pathway into homelessness. Furthermore the psychological impact of childhood abuse and trauma has been linked to victimisation and perpetration of violence within homeless people. Victimisation and perpetration of violence has been predominately researched on homeless adolescents and women, with homeless men significantly under researched. Victimisation and violence is associated with a number of similar factors including childhood abuse, re-victimisation, deviant peers, substance misuse and mental illness. Furthermore, research suggests homeless people frequently have a dual role as both victim and perpetrator. This review discusses these factors, the limitations of the current research, areas for further research and the clinical implications. Empirical Paper The current study was conducted to further explore the mechanisms surrounding childhood abuse and trauma and its association with aggression in homeless people. Emotion dysregulation has a growing body of research suggesting it has the unifying function to a number of maladaptive behaviours. Research suggests childhood aversive experiences are associated with developing emotion dysregulation difficulties and aggression. This study found that emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and trauma, and aggression, within a sample of homeless people. The implications of the findings are discussed with reference to the need for psychological interventions for homeless people and highlights the importance of incorporating emotion regulation strategies within interventions for aggression.

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40

Speight, Shannon L. "Social Context for Religious Violence in the French Massacres of 1572". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1280945686.

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41

Young, Huguette. "La violence comme stratégie d'intervention d'un groupe protestataire : le cas des Mohawks de Kanehsatake". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9627.

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42

Simoncelli, Michael. "Ruffians and Revivalists: Manliness, Violence, and Religion in the Backcountry South, 1790-1840". W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626225.

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43

Shihade, Magid. "The history of an incident and its lessons : communal violence among Arabs in Israel /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10836.

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44

Santos, Ana Margarida Sousa. "History, memory and violence : changing patterns of group relationship in Mocímba da Praia, Mozambique". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547803.

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45

SooHoo, Anthony P. "Violence against the Enemy in Mesopotamian Myth, Ritual, and Historiography". Thesis, New York University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420957.

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Evidence for violence is found in all periods of Mesopotamian history. Kingship, which was divine in origin, included the exercise of power and the legitimate use of violence. Mesopotamian violence reflects the culture's understanding of ontology, order, and justice. Although there is scant archaeological evidence for its actual practice, the worldview that allowed it to flourish can be reconstructed from myth, ritual, and historiography.

Approaching Mesopotamian conceptions of violence through these three modes of discourse, this study explores the behavior through the lens of theory, practice, and presentation. The investigation is guided by the following questions:

• What do the myths say about violence? How is violence imagined and theorized?

• How do the war rituals promote and normalize the practice of violence?

• How and why is violence presented in the narrative(s) of the royal annals and in the visual program of the palace reliefs?

This study moves from offering a general account of Mesopotamian violence directed against the enemy "other" to analyzing the portrayal of a particular act.

Mesopotamian myths served as paradigms for successful kingship. It is argued that the thematic content, asymmetrical characterization, chronotypes, and emplotment observed in Lugal-e, Bin šar dadmē, and Enūma eliš are also operative in the war rituals and the royal historiography. Central to Mesopotamian theorizing about violence is the concept of evil, which is best understood in relation to the culture's ideas about divine and social order.

Waging war in Mesopotamia entailed various practices that framed the conflict as part of the cosmic struggle against chaos. This study addresses the contexts in which these practices occur and the social structures that make them seem natural, necessary, and desirable. The so-called war rituals involved processes of socialization that allow violence to commence, escalate, and terminate. This symbolically loaded ritualized violence reflected and created (or destroyed) relationships, both natural and supernatural.

Finally, accounts of ritualized violence were strategically incorporated into the historiography of Mesopotamian rulers as expressions of royal ideology. This study analyzes the sources for the beheading of Teumman, arguing that variations in the textual and pictorial presentation were influenced by the Assyrian conflict with Egypt and Babylonia.

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46

White, Christopher. "Partisanship in Mexico: Influence of Violence and State Spending". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1710.

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This paper serves to further investigate factors influencing partisanship in Mexican politics with a focus on state spending and drug violence. With state spending, this paper builds on prior literature about political effects of federal social spending (Handelman 1997, Domínguez and Chappell 2004, Díaz-Cayeros 2009) to propose a similar theory regarding state social spending. The proposed panel data model for national elections between 2000 and 2012 finds that for diputados elections, a thousand-peso increase in state spending had a statistically significant influence on party voting – boosting PRI candidates (typically incumbents) by 0.66% and hurting both PAN and PRD candidates by 0.78% and 1.57% respectively. This paper also proposes an alternative theory of state spending whereby the effect comes from a linkage of spending and economic performance. With drug violence, this paper studies the importance of the Mexican Drug War on the Mexican political environment but finds no consistent party impact of instability (modeled with intentional homicide statistics) in national elections from 2000 to 2012. This paper delves into potential explanations for this finding including different effects by election, distrust of political parties, and the perception of little difference between parties. Finally, the paper outlines other responses to instability and drug violence to demonstrate approaches taken by Mexican citizens outside of the ballot box. These alternative strategies include protesting, lobbying, migration, and the rise of private security.

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47

Greenshields, Malcolm R. "The economy of violence in early modern France : Criminality in the Haute Auvergne 1587-1664". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373147.

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48

Lönnberg, Linnea. "The order of the day : Script error in military organisations and violence against civilians". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-400481.

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In an attempt to understand the micro-dimensional mechanisms of how some individuals come to perpetrate violence against civilians during wartime, this thesis adopts a theory from organisational psychology. By looking at the military as a professional organisation, violence against civilians perpetrated by state armies during wartime is theorised to be the outcome of a process of script error wherein military scripts of non-combatant immunity fail. The theory is applied on the massacre in My Lai, during the Vietnam war. Findings showed that the mechanism of script error did not play out completely as theorised, however that military scripts did dictate behaviour and that a script error was present to some degree as civilians came to be targeted as if they were enemies. Some mechanisms used in previous research on violence against civilians were supported by this study and could also be integrated into the framework of organisational scripts, showing the explanatory value that organisational scripts have to further understand military violence. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an important historical case, shows the value of introducing organisational psychology into studies of the military organisation and finally helps us further make sense of situations of violent transgression. organisational scripts, script error, military violence, violence against civilians, mass violence, atrocity, My Lai

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49

McSwain, Johnnetta D. "An Analysis of Programs and Services Designed to Ameliorate Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Among Women with a History of Child Sexual Abuse". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2015. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/23.

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This study examines programs and services designed to ameliorate and prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) among women with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) under the Violence Against Women Act and the Department of Justice Reauthorization Act, 2005. Fifty-seven (57) survey participants at the 30th National Symposium on Child Abuse Conference were selected for the study utilizing non-probability convenience sampling. The survey participants comprised of workers or volunteers in all aspects of child maltreatment. In sum, 55 (or 100%) of the participants revealed that they agreed that there is a critical need for more program and services designed to ameliorate and prevent IPV, DV and SV among women with a history of CSA.

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50

Buehlmaier, Nicole E. "Vanguards and Violence| Representations of Female Armed Resistance and the Search for Radical Legitimacy, 1968-1975". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839550.

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The year 1968 marked the turning point from the nonviolent direct action characterized by Martin Luther King, Jr. during the civil rights movement to the militant violence of the Weather Underground Organization (WUO) and other clandestine organizations in America. Disillusionment with the US political system, coupled with the increased police brutality and repression against people of color and anti-war demonstrators, cemented the need for new, militant organizing tactics for many in the New Left. Numerous white, middle-class individuals turned toward militant action and found opportunities to challenge their white privilege and fight against imperialism in clandestine organizations such as the WUO, Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), and New World Liberation Front (NWLF). Using the increase in armed actions against the state by clandestine organizations as its focus, this thesis utilizes a cultural history approach to illuminate the convergences of race, class, and gender in constructing an authentic and legitimate revolutionary identity for white, middle-class women, exposing the meaning of violence for revolutionary radicals. This thesis argues that, due to the social stigma attached to the performance of violence by white women of good upbringing, these women in clandestine organizations borrowed from marginalized groups they deemed authentic revolutionaries, established a usable past to familiarize themselves with revolutionary activism and armed struggle, and relied heavily on Third World models of revolutionary women.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Violence of History"

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