Tesis sobre el tema "Violations graves du droit international"
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Cressent, Camille. "La responsabilité pénale des personnes morales pour violations graves du droit international". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD008.
Texto completo“Crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities”. This famous Nuremberg statement forged the future of legal entities criminal responsibility for serious violations of international law. This choice to engage only individual criminal responsibility was made again in Rome, when the Statute creating the International Criminal Court was drawn up. Thus, whether at Nuremberg or The Hague, it is the directors of legal entities who are held liable. However, these crimes are unique: they affect humanity. This is why, to be punished, they must meet a dual requirement: they must be attributed to an individual, but they must also consider the intrinsically collective nature of the crime. It is not materially possible for a single individual to commit an international crime. These crimes require a form of planning on a necessarily supra-individual scale. Without this collective element, these crimes are no more and no less than ordinary crimes. Consequently, the rejection of corporate criminal liability for international crimes creates two paradoxes. The first is that these are collective crimes that cannot be attributed to collective beings. Indeed, over and above the need for a physical person to commit a crime, legal entities can be at the origin of the crime or benefit from it in some way. The second paradox lies in the fact that the criminal liability of legal persons is not an unattainable ideal. It exists in many national laws. The result of these two paradoxes is that the Nuremberg Declaration, set in stone, is not sufficient to combat impunity for the most serious crimes. States have had to find solutions to make up for this shortcoming on an international scale. These solutions can be applied at different levels: national, regional, or international. They are not global, in the sense of being universal, but they make it possible to apprehend certain situations that fall within their fields of competence
Ranjbarian, Amir Hossein. "La criminalisation des violations graves du droit international humanitaire commises au cours de conflits armés non internationaux". Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131015.
Texto completoLassée, Isabelle. "Les missions d'établissement des faits des Nations Unies sur les violations graves et massives du droit international des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire : entre uniformité et diversité". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020014/document.
Texto completoTo respond appropriately to violations of human rights and humanitarian law, the United Nations requires an in-depth knowledge of the facts alleged and a better understanding of the relevant situation on the ground. To this end, United Nations organs including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Secretary General, the Human Rights Council and even the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights may create fact-finding missions. These missions are collegial ad hoc bodies created in response to human rights and humanitarian law violations that are particularly grave. Their functions generally include establishing the facts, conducting a legal appraisal of facts, and making recommendations for the cessation of violations and for their remedy. In the past twenty years, United Nations organs have increasingly resorted to these missions – often referred to as commissions of inquiry – in particular when violations of international human rights and international humanitarian law may amount to international crimes. In this respect, transitional justice theory and the doctrine of the responsibility to protect provide new perspectives for fact-finding. The objectives and functions of these missions have therefore diversified. However, some states and scholars criticize the ad hoc creation of the missions, their often politicized mandate, and their methods of work. We will elaborate on this tension between uniformity and diversity and propose some solutions. These proposals will aim at addressing the issues raised by scholars as well as maximizing the missions’ impact on stakeholders’ response to the situation
Zarigan, Alhussen. "Le cadre juridique de l’intervention militaire pour la protection internationale des civils face aux violations graves des droits de l’homme par leur état : (approche critique)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100046.
Texto completoSerious violations of the Human Rights of the civilians are not consistent as internal affairs of countries. Yet, regarding any unlawful policy behavior, the international community can intervene. This is often called “ the right interference “. The latter has recently been developed into the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) concept (2001) as“responsibility to protect”. Considering military interventions as a humanitarian action without any conspiracy and colonial interests theory, we may confirm the needs for an effective means for protecting the civilians against serious violations of human rights. On the other hand, we can confirm that not all military interventions aimed at protecting civilians by the United Nations are legal or legitimate. Consequently, for legal and legitimate intervention, it respects binding foundations and norms
لم تعد مسألة الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان للمدنيين، التي ترتكبها دولهم من المسائل الداخلية للدول. إذ أنه يمكن للمجتمع الدولي التدخل عسكرياً إذا كانت هناك انتهاكات جسيمة لحقوق الإنسان، وهذا ما يسمى "حق التدخل". وقد تطور هذا الأخير إلى مفهوم جديد تم تقديمه في تقرير اللجنة الدولية المعنية بالتدخل وسيادة الدول، تحت مسمى "مسؤولية الحماية. (2001) والواقع أنه إذا نظرنا إلى التدخل العسكري من الجانب الإنساني البحت ، بعيداً عن نظرية المؤامرة والمصالح الاستعمارية، فإننا نؤكد ضرورة القيام به كوسيلة فعالة لحماية المدنيين من الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان. ومن ناحية أخرى، نؤكد أن جميع التدخلات العسكرية التي تهدف إلى حماية المدنيين من قبل الأمم المتحدة ليست شرعية ومشروعة. من أجل ذلك، ولكي يكون التدخل شرعياً ومشروعاً، يجب أن يحترم القائمون به الأسس والمعايير اللازمة للقيام بالتدخل
Figueira, Tonetto Fernanda. "Pour une suprématie du droit international dans la protection de valeurs intangibles de l’humanité". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020031.
Texto completoBecause of World War II, international institutions have created a set of rights related to the essence of the human condition that are as intuitive as to systematize. The close relationship between international law and the protection of intangible values of the human community as a whole has its sources from this emergence. Indeed, these values were identified in the light of philosophical and legal constructions about the concept of humanity until the moment when it became protected by the customary and conventional international law. On the one hand, this protection came from the international criminal law and its enlightenment about the conception of crime against humanity and genocide, in a manner that it enabled the identification of the meaning of serious violations. On the other hand, this protection came likewise from international human rights law, in which it took care to safeguard the individual either as a singular and collective human being, as well as of the fundamental rights to the preservation of its human condition. The hardest problem that is presented here is about the difficult interactions between international law and national law. This problem is aggravated by the heritage left by the classic international law paradigms, which leads us to seek the answer concerning how the States react or how States must react when international law aims to safeguard these core human values. In this thesis, we seek to demonstrate that the protection exercised, especially on the basis of prohibitions, places international law in a position of supremacy linked to its character of jus cogens, in order to impose obligations over both States and individuals
Ouedraogo, Ahmed Sidwaouga. "Les états africains et la justice pénale internationale". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0005.
Texto completoThe International Criminal Court is the symbol of the international criminal justice because it is the first international permanent criminal jurisdiction in the world. Furthermore, the African States represent the most important group in term of members States. However, the international criminal court prosecutes only individuals, responsible for the violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. And since the beginning of the Court activities, African citizens were prosecuted and the first condemnation of the International Criminal Court is about an African. Then, due to these situations, some opinions inside African States think that the Court was created for Africans. The international criminal justice is not limited to the International criminal Court and has implications in global skills such as democracy, good governance, human rights and peace. The African States particularly suffer for lack of democracy and the international criminal justice is a way for these countries to develop themselves by building peace and justice
Tonetto, Fernanda Figueira. "Pilares para umnovo direito internacional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185087.
Texto completoComo resultado da Segunda Guerra Mundial, as instituições internacionais criaram um conjunto de direitos relacionados à essência da condição humana que são tão intuitivos quanto difíceis de sistematizar. Dessa emergência tem origem a estreita relação entre o direito internacional e a tutela de um núcleo intangível de valores da comunidade humana em seu conjunto, engendrados à luz das construções filosóficas e jurídicas do conceito de humanidade até o momento em que a mesma passou a ser protegida pelo direito internacional costumeiro e convencional. Essa proteção deu-se, de um lado, pelo direito internacional penal a partir da edificação do conceito de crime contra a humanidade e de genocídio, de modo a possibilitar a identificação do sentido de graves violações e, de outro lado, pelo direito internacional dos direitos humanos, naquilo em que se ocupou da salvaguarda do indivíduo enquanto ser ao mesmo tempo singular e coletivo, assim como dos direitos essenciais à preservação de sua condição humana. O problema maior que se apresenta diz respeito às difíceis interações do direito internacional com o direito nacional, agravado pela herança deixada pelos paradigmas do direito internacional clássico, o que nos leva a buscar responder à pergunta de como se comportam ou devem se comportar os Estados quando o direito internacional tem por objeto resguardar esse núcleo duro de valores humanos. Na presente tese, buscamos demonstrar que a proteção exercida sobretudo sob a base de proibições aporta ao direito internacional uma posição de supremacia que se liga ao seu caráter de jus cogens, de modo a impor obrigações tanto aos Estados quanto aos indivíduos.
Because of World War II, international institutions have created a set of rights related to the essence of the human condition that are as intuitive as they are difficult to systematize. The close relationship between international law and the protection of intangible values of the human community as a whole has its sources from this emergence. Indeed, these values were identified in the light of philosophical and legal constructions about the concept of humanity until the moment when it became protected by the customary and conventional international law. On the one hand, this protection came from the international criminal law and its enlightenment about the conception of crime against humanity and genocide, in a manner that it enabled the identification of the meaning of serious violations. On the other hand, this protection came likewise from international human rights law, in which it took care to safeguard the individual either as a singular and collective human being, as well as of the fundamental rights to the preservation of its human condition. The hardest problem that is presented here is about the difficult interactions between international law and national law. This problem is aggravated by the heritage left by the classic international law paradigms, which leads us to seek the answer concerning how the States react or how States must react when international law aims to safeguard these core human values. In this thesis, we seek to demonstrate that the protection exercised, especially on the basis of prohibitions, places international law in a position of supremacy linked to its character of jus cogens, in order to impose obligations over both States and individuals.
Kalach, Torres Gina María. "Le droit à réparation des victimes de violations graves et massives des droits de l'homme en Colombie". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010315.
Texto completoGuematcha, Emmanuel. "Les commissions vérité et les violations droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100202.
Texto completoIn time of transition or in post conflict situations, many truth Commissions have been increasingly created within many States to deal with a past caracterised by many human rights and international humanitarian law violations. Because they are dedicated to investigate violations of established rules of international law, the question emerge on their relationships with international law. Their formal characteristics and their flexibility, their use of international law and the focus and attention they give to the victims of these violations, make them appear to be an innovative mean allowing specific review of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. However, because there are non-judicial bodies and taking into consideration the developments of international law, they raise questions about responsibility for these violations and international obligations of the State in this regard, and lead to the requirement of prosecution and the implementation of criminal liability for the serious violations they reported
Bonneau, Karine. "Le droit à réparation des victimes de violations flagrantes des droits de l'homme en droit international, le cas du Chili". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070060.
Texto completoThe right to reparation for victims of gross violations of human rights occupied for a long time a secondary place in the theory of international responsibility. Fundamental principle of international law, its definition, results of a recent evolution in international law of human rights and international criminal law. A dynamic case-law elaboration and a new. International practice, influenced by the draft guide lines and fundamental principles on the right to remedy and to reparation, under elaboration bv, the united nations, develop the principles of a new concept of reparation which includes : restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. Furthermore, the right to reparation consists in, and results of, the implementation of the international responsibility of the authors of the violations. Whereas the state sovereignty do es not preclude anymore the theoretical recognition of rights, it limits their implementation. The persistent use by the victims of the existing remedies, their invocation of the emergent principles of reparation, will often be the only means for the victims to get satisfaction. In this way, international proceedings are opened against augusto pinochet in spain and the united kingdom, which accelerate the dynamic of justice in chile. The multiplication of remedies, in accordance with international law, , to obtain truth and justice, weaken the protected impunity. Because if adopting measures of reparation is an official objective of the "transition to democracy", they aimed at the "national econciliation". And in chile, "national reconciliation" means the deletion of individual responsibilities, the acceptance of an heritage of the dictatorship and the prevalence of impunity. What is the sense of the individual and collective reparation for the violations of fundamental rights ?
Schmitt, Daisy. "Les fonds internationaux en faveur des victimes de violations des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D006/document.
Texto completoWhile crime victim assistance policy became part of the law of many countries at the end of the last century, it has permeated the international order as well. To finance this policy, the United Nations (UN) has set up several funds for victims of varied human rights violations. The International Criminal Court (ICC) itself created a financing – and implementing – tool for administering reparations it orders : its Trust Fund for Victims (TVF), that aims at guaranteeing the effectiveness of restorative justice, is a pioneering initiative in the field of international criminal justice. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms as victim aid instruments by investigating the causes of their efficiency or ineffectiveness in their operational rules, financing strategies, modes of action and nature of their legal personality. Our exploration of the little known legal category of international funds for victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law is revealing a mixed picture that enables to consider transposing procedures, strategies and interpretations implemented by some funds or other national or international finance institutions, into schemes where assistance to victims is not adequate. However, the political will of states often continues to be a key driver. The potential of those mechanisms remains underused at the expense of victims
Alata, Ayham. "La codification du droit de la responsabilité des organisations internationales : étude des travaux de la Commission du droit international relatifs au projet d’articles sur la responsabilité des organisations internationales". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30078.
Texto completoThe international law has finally a set of rules on the responsibility of the international organizations for internationally wrongful acts. After 10 years of work, the International Law Commission was able in 2011 to elaborate a draft articles codifying the rules on the matter. However the task was difficult: subject these entities, whose nature and functioning is different from States to a single set of rules in the field of international responsibility. The purpose of this study focuses on the work of codification made by the Commission in the draft articles. This is specifically to analyze the techniques of codification used by the Commission in the elaboration of the applicable rules: is it a codification sticto sensu of the practice or a creation of new rules under the "progressive development" of the international law? The answer to this question presupposes to define the sources of codification in each of the provisions of the draft articles concerned, wondering if it embodies a well-established practice of international organizations, or rather a transposition of the rules of the draft articles on States responsibility, adapted to the features of international organizations. At present the authority of the draft articles does not seem to have unanimity, and in this context, the present study on the relation between codification and progressive development in the codification work of ILC can appreciate the substantial own authority of each provisions of the draft articles. Especially that no one knows if a codification convention will be adopted, which will set the provisions of the draft articles up as legally binding norms
Sebrien-Pariente, Macha. "Le droit à réparation des victimes de violations massives des droits de l'homme : le cas des victimes de l'Holocauste". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010320.
Texto completoBassel, Mohammad. "La responsabilité pénale internationale des chefs d’état pour les crimes les plus graves qui touchent la communauté internationale". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3017.
Texto completoThe status of the Head of State and governments, which was already no longer an insurmountable obstacle to prosecution since Nuremberg law, has emerged as a threatened bastion. The traditional principles of international law as the immunity of Heads of State, the protection of the representative function and state sovereignty allowed the rulers to escape criminal prosecution. International law, which is simply analyzed as an interstate law, has undergone profound changes. This right is no longer limited only to States: new topics as new emerging areas of competence (areas of competence or fields of jurisdiction). Individuals have taken an increasingly important role in the international law with the concerns of humanity to prevent atrocities which the world has already known on the occasion of various armed conflicts. The responsibility of the Head of State is therefore no longer a matter of a domestic order, but also an international one, with the emergence of a new branch of international law: international criminal law. New trends in the international criminal law, marked by the increasing demand for dealing with the most serious crimes, henceforth oppose to the classical conception of immunity that has prevailed for a long time in the international legal order, and aim at reducing the State cause. This movement starts from the idea according to which "we can no longer accept the idea of immunity when a crime is committed that undermines the very foundations of the international community and revolts the conscience of all mankind." This awareness of the incompatibility between immunities and human rights is developed through the evolution of the international protection of human rights in favor of "immunization" of the regime of immunities of rulers, State bodies responsible for serious violations of international Law. Despite some misgivings, the criminal responsibility of the Head of State is a reality that should be universally endorsed and supported
Tabbal, Michel. "Les sessions extraordinaires du Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020042.
Texto completoSpecial sessions are one of the major innovations of the reform that established the Human Rights Council in 2006 as a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly. While the Council holds three regular sessions each year, a special session allows States to respond to an urgent situation by organizing a debate, to assess and qualify violations and also to establish investigative mechanisms. The systematic analysis of the twenty-six special sessions held in nearly a period of twelve years illuminates, not only the balance of power between the actors involved, but also a new dynamic of international law, integrating international humanitarian law and international criminal law into the field of competence of the Human Rights Council
Campanile, Luisa-Vittoria. "Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo e violazioni strutturali : come si evolvono i sistemi di protezione dei diritti umani". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100037/document.
Texto completoAfter an historical introduction on the evolution of the ECHR system, this thesis deals with the theme of "structural violations" in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of the crisis of the ECHR, principally due to an excessive workload. Structural violations are not a new phenomenon in the history of the Convention and in the jurisprudence of international human rights, especially that of the Inter-American Court. The theme is therefore an opportunity to tackle key issues: the European Court's execution of judgements in internal legal orders, the future of the ECHR system, but also the "constitutional" nature of the European Court of Human Rights. All of this highlights the recent tension between "individual justice" and "collective justice" in the debate on the "constitutionalization" of European Human Rights Law, which is here the common thread
Dopo un’introduzione storica sull’evoluzione del sistema CEDU, il lavoro affronta il tema delle « violazioni strutturali » nella giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo, nel quadro della crisi del modello CEDU, dovuta principalmente all’eccessivo carico di lavoro. Si tratta di un fenomeno non nuovo nella storia della Convenzione e nella giurisprudenza internazionale dei diritti umani, specie in quella della Corte interamericana. Il tema rappresenta inoltre lo spunto per affrontare questioni problematiche: il profilo dell’esecuzione delle sentenze della Corte europea negli ordinamenti interni, il futuro dello stesso sistema CEDU e la natura “costituzionale” della Corte EDU. Tutto questo evidenzia anche la recente tensione tra “giustizia individuale” e “giustizia collettiva”, nell’ambito del dibattito sulla “costituzionalizzazione” del diritto europeo dei diritti dell’uomo, fil rouge dell’intera trattazione
Charles-Alfred, Christophe-Claude. "La justice transitionnelle face à la responsabilité de l'enfant associé aux forces et groupes armés âgé de plus de quinze ans auteur d'infractions graves". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1066.
Texto completoThe legal justice mechanism of the Child Associated with Armed Forces and Groups of more than fifteen years old of serious offenders is inconsistent. In fact, this kid's allowed to obtain the combatant status even if he never assumes automatically his responsibilities when he commits serious offences. It's because the international community is divided and considers him as a victim or a criminal. This uncertainty creates the effect of legal insecurity since he doesn't know how he'll be treated by Justice. This situation benefits to his recruiter who encourages him to commit the most serous crimes. The child feels almighty. But at the end of the conflict, he may probably rejected by this community who considers him as an executioner. So, his reintegration is compromise. To rectify this situation, harmonizing the age of the fighter should be a solution to clarity his accountability status. For the moment, fifteen years old appears as minimum standard. If the child isn't so youth to take arms, he can bear his accountability. But how? Whith Transitional Justice in general and more specifically the creation of a Special Court for Serious Violations which judge those who have the highest level of responsibility in the commission of the crime. For the others, we propose Restorative Justice that meet their needs, those of their victims and their entire community
Rezai, Shaghaji Danial. "Le pouvoir des États d'agir à l'encontre des violations des droits humains impératifs et des crimes de jus cogens survenus à l'extérieur de leur territoire". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0023.
Texto completoTraditional international law based on absolute notion of state sovereignty, is challenged by theemergence of peremptory norms Çus cogens). In this respect, the crystallization of peremptory humanrights norms is the result of the process of humanization of modern international law where theperemptory human rights norms of superior ranks place at the summit. We could believe that theacceptance of peremptory human rights norms creates erga omnes obligations of protection for States,members of the international community. In this context, in the case of violations of peremptoryhuman rights norms, all States are directly affected and injured by the violations in question and have the right to react. To this end, we believe that all States can adopt individual countermeasures against the wrongdoer state, violator of peremptory human rights norms. In the case of violations ofperemptory human rights norms, under certain conditions, States may resort to military interventionfor humanitarian purposes, even without the autholization of the United Nations Security Council.Also, under certain conditions, States can provide humanitarian aid to victims of violations ofperemptory human rights norms occurred outside their territory, even without the consent of theterritorial state. States are also required to suppress jus cogens crimes committed outside their territory. In this context, we believe that States can apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare and prosecute aliens suspected of jus cogens crimes. In this context, States that apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, must respect the obligation of non-refoulement to prevent violations of peremptory human rights norms abroad. It seems to us that States that apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare must also apply the principle of universal jurisdiction before their internal courts. In this regard, States can exercise universal jurisdiction againsl jus cogens crimes committed abroad, by foreigners and against foreigners. In this context, we believe that States may exercise the absolute universal jurisdiction. To this end, a State may initiate criminal proceedings against alien suspected of jus cogens crimes, even if helshe is not present and/or in custody in the territory ofthe forum State. It also seems to us that the immunity of senior state representatives and foreign amnesty laws, cannot prevent the forum State to exercise universal jurisdiction in order to protect the general interests of the international community as a whole
Pontbriand, Joanne. "Le processus de construction de normes internationales pour la reconnaissance du droit à un recours et à réparation des victimes de violations flagrantes du droit international des droits de l'homme et de violations graves du droit international humanitaire". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2912/1/M11342.pdf.
Texto completoRondeau, Sophie. "Violations du droit international humanitaire et réparation : la place de la victime individuelle". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1277/1/M10305.pdf.
Texto completoNuñez, del Arco Claudia Fiorella. "Une analyse du processus de justice transitionnelle au Pérou à la lumière du Droit international". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16238.
Texto completoThe international human rights law has established obligations on States concerning how they must deal with the challenges inherent to transitioning societies: searching for the truth related to past crimes, persecuting and sanctioning those responsible of these crimes, and providing redress to the victims. Transitional justice has many political, social, and legal limitations that pose a challenge for States as well as for the international community at large. The objective of this research is to analyze – according to international law's parameters – the transitional justice's process that took place in Peru after the internal armed conflict and Alberto Fujimori's authoritarian regime. This study concludes that Peru has implemented international law's obligations while applying an integral approach to transitional justice. Nevertheless, there are still challenges linked to Peruvian society's political and social dimensions.
Saadé, Nadine. "Le Canada et l’article 1F de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés : une application large en réponse aux menaces à la sécurité nationale". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10751.
Texto completoInternational refugee law emerged in 1951 with the adoption of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. This instrument, along with its Protocol, defined the contemporary notion of “refugee” and established the rights of these individuals as well as State obligations towards them. However, this international protection was not absolute. Suspecting that many oppressors would attempt to use this mechanism to escape prosecution by finding refuge abroad, the authors of the 1951 Convention introduced a derogation to the definition of refugee by way of the exclusion clause. As such, this article allows States to refuse to extend refugee protection to individuals responsible for the most serious international and national crimes. Canada, which ratified the 1951 Convention and its 1969 Protocol, incorporated the exclusion clause in its national legislation through article 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The present thesis wishes to examine the application of this exclusion clause in Canadian law. In doing so, we will analyze the understanding of this provision in domestic law. Our objective is to demonstrate that our judicial courts favor a large interpretation of this clause, thus straying from its exceptional nature. This approach results in overweighing the importance of national security against the humanitarian nature of the refugee protection system.
Laperrière, Marie-Neige. "Critique néogramscienne des rapports du représentant spécial du secrétaire général des Nations Unies concernant les violations commises contre les droits humains par les firmes transnationales". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3008/1/M11381.pdf.
Texto completoGoabin, Chancoco Ginette. "La problématique de l'effectivité du droit de l'enfant à la santé et à l'éducation dans les situations de conflit armé interne en Afrique: réflexions à la lumière de la crise en Côte d'Ivoire". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11935.
Texto completoWith the entry into force of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1990, the international community has formally materialized its commitment to make them, rights to be protected at all times. CRC completes the legal framework established by international humanitarian law (IHL) to protect these rights in conflict and inspire the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. States are thus required to make it a reality, whatever the circumstances. But the legal commitment is faced with internal conflicts that challenge the fundamental rights clearly stated, including the right to health and education and promote the child’s rights violations. In this thesis, we asked about the possible causes that can explain that the legal commitments are not translated into political reality. This is to verify whether the legal protection device does not in itself the seeds of these violations. Another hypothesis is that the lack of formal recognition of the responsibility of non-state armed groups involved in these conflicts, as regards the rights, could be an element that facilitates violations. Thus, in the first part, after tracing the history and legal development of the recognition of the rights of the child, we registered in the context of the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire between 2002 and 2011, to show the impact of internal armed on the enjoyment of children's rights to health and education conflicts. The second part allows us to meet the one hand, the shortcomings of the protection, the gaps in the non formal consideration of non-state armed entities, and make reflections in terms of prospects for improving effectiveness of compliance of the rights during non-international armed conflict, on the other hand.