Tesis sobre el tema "Viewpoint control"

Autonomous harvesting may provide a viable solution to mounting labor pressures in the United States' strawberry industry. However, due to bottlenecks in machine perception and economic viability, a profitable and commercially adopted strawberry harvesting system remains elusive. In this research, we explore the feasibility of using deep reinforcement learning to overcome these bottlenecks and develop a practical algorithm to address the sub-objective of viewpoint optimization, or the development of a control policy to direct a camera to favorable vantage points for autonomous harvesting. We evaluate the algorithm's performance in a custom, open-source simulated environment and observe affirmative results. Our trained agent yields 8.7 times higher returns than random actions and 8.8 percent faster exploration than our best baseline policy, which uses visual servoing. Visual investigation shows the agent is able to fixate on favorable viewpoints, despite having no explicit means to propagate information through time. Overall, we conclude that deep reinforcement learning is a promising area of research to advance the state of the art in autonomous strawberry harvesting.

While requirements engineering is about building a conceptual model of part of reality, requirements validation involves assessing the model for correctness, completeness, and consistency. Viewpoint resolution is the process of comparing different views of a given situation and reconciling different opinions. In his doctoral dissertation Leite [72] proposes viewpoint resolution as a means for early validation of requirements of large systems. Leite concentrates on the representation of two different views using a special language, and the identification of their syntactic differences. His method relies heavily on redundancy: two viewpoints (systems analysts) should consider the same topic, use the same vocabulary, and use the same rule-based language which constrains how the rules should be expressed. The quality of discrepancies that can be detected using his method depends on the quality of the viewpoints. The hypothesis of this thesis is that, independently of the quality of the viewpoints, the number of viewpoints, the language, and the domain, it is possible to detect better quality discrepancies and to point out problems earlier than Leite's method allows. In the first part of this study, viewpoint-oriented requirements engineering methods are classified into categories based on the kind of multiplicity the methods address: multiple human agents, multiple specification processes, or multiple representation schemes. The classification provides a framework for the comparison and the evaluation of viewpoint-based methods. The study then focuses on the critical evaluation of Leite's method both analytically and experimentally. Counter examples were designed to identify the situations the method cannot handle. The second part of the work concentrates on the development of a method for the very early validation of requirements that improves on Leite's method and pushes the boundaries of the validation process upstream towards fact-finding, and downstream towards conflicts resolution. The Viewpoint Control Method draws its principles from the fields of uncertainty management and natural language engineering. The basic principle of the method is that, in order to make sense of a domain one must learn about the information sources and create models of their behaviour. These models are used to assess pieces of information, in natural language, received from the sources and to resolve conflicts between them. The models are then reassessed in the light of feedback from the results of the process of information evaluation and conflict resolution. Among the implications of this approach is the very early detection of problems, and the treatment of conflict resolution as an explicit and an integral part of the requirements engineering process. The method is designed to operate within a large environment called LOLITA that supports relevant aspects of natural language engineering. In the third part of the study the Viewpoint Control Method is applied and experimentally evaluated, using examples and practical case studies. Comparing the proposed approach to Leite's shows that the Viewpoint Control Method is of wider scope, is able to detect problems earlier, and is able to point out better quality problems. The conclusions of the investigation support the view that underlines the naivety of assuming competence or objectivity of each source of information.

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-44).
Recently, it was shown that a standard model reference adaptive controller modified with a suitably tuned projection algorithm ensures robustness (global boundedness) of the overall adaptive system to a class of unmodeled dynamics with minimal restrictions. However, extensive first-principle based arguments and/or analysis of the parameter trajectory is employed. An alternative to such analysis, albeit approximate, is to use the well-known Describing Function (DF) method. In doing so, the analysis of the robust adaptive control problem becomes tractable and resembles that of familiar and classical linear stability analysis.
by Chandan Sharma Subedi.
S.B.

Le domaine du son 3D est aujourd'hui en pleine effervescence du fait d'une combinaison de facteurs (normalisation de nouveaux formats audio, équipement des salles de cinéma, etc.). Les travaux effectués dans ce domaine se sont principalement concentrés sur le codage et le traitement du son 3D. Cependant, la création interactive de contenus sonores 3D n'est pas un problème trivial, car cette tâche nécessite de tracer ou d'éditer des trajectoires en trois dimensions pour animer des sources sonores dans l'espace. Dans cette thèse en Interaction Homme-Machine (IHM), nous considérons l'édition de trajectoires de sources sonores en 3D comme un cas particulier de tâche de modélisation 3D et proposons plusieurs contributions. Sur le plan conceptuel, nous proposons un espace de conception pour le tracé de trajectoires en trois dimensions. Nous présentons également une classification des contrôles de caméra existants en fonction du type de contrôle et des modalités utilisées. Sur le plan empirique, nous conduisons 5 études utilisateurs dans le but de créer une technique d'interaction pour le contrôle du point de vue orbital permettant d'effectuer une rotation de 3600 en utilisant le roulis de la tête. Enfin , nous présentons une implémentation de notre technique ainsi que son intégration dans le logiciel de modélisation 3D Blender et dans le logiciel Performer utilisé par Radio France pour contrôler la position de sources sonores dans le cadre de performances en son 3D
The field of 3D sound is experiencing rapid growth due to a combination of factors (standardization of new audio formats, equipment for cinemas, etc.). While mast of the work in this field has focused on 3D sound processing, creating 3D auditory content interactively remains a challenging task because il requires drawing and editing three dimensional trajectories to control the movement of audio sources in space. ln this thesis in Human-Computer Interaction (HGI), we consider the creation of audio source trajectories as a particular case of 3D modelling and propose the following contributions. On a conceptual level, we tirst present a design space of 3D trajectory creation techniques. We also propose a classification of existing camera controls in relation to the type of control and modalities. On an empirical level, we conducted five user studies in order to design a new interaction technique for orbital viewpoint control. This technique allows users to perform 360 wide rotations by leveraging head roll rotations. Finally, we propose an implementation of our interaction technique and present its integration with two applications: Blender, a well-known 3D modelling software, and Performer, which ls used by Radio France to place sound sources in 3D space during live events

La Télévision Interactive (FTV) est un service de vidéo à la demande qui permet au client de choisir l’angle de vue de la vidéo. Le défi principal est de stocker un d’énorme volume de données et d’extraire une petite partie de ces données à la demande et en temps réel. Pour améliorer le décodage de l’information, on peut supposer que les vues précédemment reçues sont conservées par l’utilisateur. Le problème ainsi posé devient un problème de codage de sources avec information adjacente du côté de l’utilisateur. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte. Elle s’intègre au projet CominLabs InterCom dont l’objectif est de proposer des solutions pour l’accès massif aléatoire à des sous-ensembles de données corrélées. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des schémas pratiques de codage de sources sans perte sous l’hypothèse d’une information adjacente. Ces schémas sont basés sur des codes de type Low Density Parity Check (LDPC). Les méthodes de l’état de l’art utilisent des solutions adaptatives en débit s’appuyant sur des codes LDPC de type Rateless ou LDPC Accumulés (LDPCA). Mais les codes Rateless fonctionnent mal aux débits faibles, et les codes LDPCA ne sont pas adaptés aux débits élevés. Dans cette thèse, on combine les deux méthodes pour construire des codes LDPC aux débits adaptables offrant une large gamme de débits. Cependant, la technique LDPCA ne permet pas d’optimiser la distribution des degrés du code, ni de contrôler le nombre de cycles courts pour tous les rendements. C’est pourquoi nous proposons deux nouvelles méthodes de construction pour remplacer le code LDPCA. Les résultats de la simulation montrent une amélioration des performances par rapport à LDPCA. Enfin, nous intégrons la construction de codes sans perte dans un schéma complet de codage de source avec pertes développé pour l’application FTV dans le cadre du project InterCom
Many multimedia applications such as Free Viewpoint Television (FTV) use a distant service provider that offers customized services depending on the user request. The main challenge is the efficient storage of a huge amount of data and the real-time extraction of a small fraction of these data upon request. In some applications such as FTV, the requests previously addressed by the user can help to optimize both the storage and the extraction. The problem can thus be seen as a source coding problem with side information at the user side. This PhD thesis fits into this context. It is part of the CominLabs project InterCom that focuses on solutions for massive random access to subsets of correlated data. In this thesis, we investigate practical lossless source coding schemes with side information based on Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. State-of-the-art approaches use rate-adaptive LDPC codes such as rateless codes and LDPC accumulate (LDPCA) codes. Rateless codes perform poorly at low coding rates while LDPCA is not adapted to high-rates. In this thesis, we combine both methods to constructrate-adaptive LDPC codes offering a wide range of rates. However LDPCA does not allow to optimize the code degree distribution, nor to control the amount of short cycles at all rates. This is why we propose two novel rate-adaptive LDPC code constructions to replace the LDPCA part. Simulation results show improved performance compared to LDPCA. Finally, we incorporate the proposed lossless code construction into a complete lossy source coding scheme that was developped for FTV in the framework of the InterCom project

Teleoperation can be used to remove human beings or provide replaceable surrogates in hazardous or difficult working environments. Multi-tasking situations are common in teleoperation. For many teleoperation activities, operators usually have multiple devices or equipment to control via conventional hand operated interfaces, such as joysticks, switches, wheels, mice and keyboards. A typical example of such a situation is controlling a robot for either navigation or manipulation as the primary task and controlling a remote camera as the major visual feedback to obtain situational awareness from the remote environment, all by manual interfaces. Apart from switching hands frequently between different control interfaces, the working attention of the operator will also be distracted from the primary task under such circumstances, which results in increased workload and reducing performance. This thesis is motivated by a real-world industrial setting in mining teleoperation: Remote rock breaking, in which operators have to face such a multi-tasking situation. Instead of using conventional control interfaces, we explore several possible solutions by integrating natural human interactive information to design and develop new remote camera viewpoint control models. Natural interaction based interfaces allow people to interact with technologies, applications and systems as they are used to when they interact with other people in everyday life through movements, gestures, expressions, discovering the world by looking around and manipulating physical objects. In this research, we particularly investigate the use of natural head movements, eye gaze, weight-based body gestures and foot movements with prototype systems as alternative inputs for the camera viewpoint control in teleoperation. We present a number of user studies which compare these camera viewpoint control models with conventional control interfaces. Several novel lab-based experimental models have been designed using the concept of a Functional Physical Model, which is used to simulate the real-world multi-tasking setting to deal with the difficulty of direct access to real industry settings. Both objective and subjective measures were used in all user studies conducted. From the results, we demonstrate the remote viewpoint control models we developed are either comparable to or an improvement over conventional control interfaces used in the experiments. Particularly for the empirical user study comparing our Natural Interaction Model (combining eye gaze and head motion) with optimised manual control and autonomous tracking models, the results indicate the advantages of using our natural interaction model, while the manual control model performed the worst. Existing issues, discovered problems and challenges of using natural interaction for remote camera viewpoint control are also discussed. Finally, suggestions are made for further research in the area of importing more natural interaction based interfaces for teleoperation.

博士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
87
Selling activities is composed of the main income of business, and the purpose of sales control is to assure it to attain the performance requirement. Though important for business operations, the related issues is sparely investigated in Taiwan. The purposes of this study are composed of three strands: (1) to investigate the types of controlling systems; (2) to find out the factors affecting the types of controlling systems; and (3) to analyze the factors that affect the transition of controlling systems. In this research, I try to consolidate different perspectives both in theory and empirical testing. First of all, I purpose that the synthesis of organiz-ational theory, agency theory, and transaction cost theory could form a better controlling system of salespersons. Secondly, I use job related variables, departmental variables, and sales managers related variables in empirical study. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. There are three types of controlling systems, including low degree of control, middle degree of control, and high degree of control. 2. The task related variables that significantly affect the controlling system are the task programmability, the certainty of causal relationship, the observability of selling approaches, the specific knowledge, and the clarity of job purposes. 3. The departmental variables that significantly affect the controlling system are the clarity of departmental objectives and the time orientation of departmental objectives. 4. The sales managers related variable that significantly affect the controlling system is the perceived risk of sales manager. 5. The choice between low degree of control and middle degree of control is affected by the time between approach to outcome and the clarity of departmental objectives. The choice between middle degree of control and high degree of control is affected by the certainty of causal relationship, the observability of selling approach, the time orientation of departmental objectives, and the perceived risk of sales manager.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
107
Nowadays internal control has become an essential part in organization management. Since 2010, the government enforces the internal control system into operation protocols and management system. In 2017, there are already 650 government agencies implemented such management system, and the government devotes to continue expanding the internal control system into the remaining government agencies. However, the project raises questions about the efficiency of the internal control system. This research indicates the correlation between the organizational norm,cost of the non-compliance with the operation protocol, communication satisfication and the institutional trust. Further, the research discuss the willing of government employees to comply the internal control system and the influence on their work based on the cost of the non-compliance with the operation protocol and institutional trust. This research investigates the relationship between compliance and corresponding factors based on 254 valid surveys, and analyze using various methodologies including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, and multi-regression analysis. Results are showed as below: 1.Oranizational norm will dramatically increase the intrinsic cost of the non-compliance with the operation protocol. 2.Communication satisfication appears to be positive correlated with institutionl trust. 3.The cost of the non-compliance with the operation protocol is positive correlated with the compliance. 4.Compliance appears to be positive correlated with institutional trust. 5.The cost of the non-compliance with the operation protocol appears to be the mediator of the correlation between the organizational norm and compliance. 6.Institutional trust appears to be the mediator of the correlation between the communication satisfication and compliance. The results of this study may serve as a reference for the Taiwanese government, scholars, and related studies.

碩士
國立海洋大學
導航與通訊系碩士班
91
A self-tuning internal model control (IMC) adaptive ship steering autopilot design method is proposed in this paper. The recursive least square method is employed in identifying the parameters of the Nomoto yaw dynamics model and the IMC-based autopilot gain coefficients are then adjusted accordingly. A frequency domain adaptive control design approach with internal model control structure is also presented .The plant and the controller are implemented with Lagrange interpolation models and the parameters are estimated by minimizing a predefined index. The frequency domain performance indices, specifically, the gain margin, the phase margin and the maximum closed-loop amplitude ratio suggested by Luyben are also computed to correlate with the IMC time domain speed of response design parameter β. In general, the controller order of the frequency domain based approach is higher; however, the controller is less model-specific. Numerical simulations indicate that both the time domain and frequency domain-based approaches adaptive autopilot work well in step heading and yaw rate tracking when the ship is sailing through areas of different water depth.

博士
元智大學
工業工程研究所
89
Abstract We consider an economic design of control charts with a Weibull distributed process failure mechanism in a process when there are possible single assignable cause or multiple assignable causes。There are three different topics considered in this thesis: (1) economic design of control charts in a discrete part process，(2) economic design of control charts in a continuous flow process，and (3) economic design of single observation in a moving average control chart。When the process failure mechanism follows a Weibull model having a increasing failure rate，the sampling frequency is tendency to be increased with the age of the system。 A cost model based on the variable sampling intervals，as opposed to fixed sampling intervals， is formulated and analyzed。 Optimal values of the economic design parameters including the sampling size ( )，the variable sampling intervals ( ) and control limit width ( ) are determined by minimizing loss-cost model based on the varieties of combinations of cost factors and Weibull parameters。The performance of the loss-cost with various Weibull parameters is studies，comparisons between a multiplicity-causes model and a single-cause model are performed under both having same time to failure，a sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of incorrectly estimating the cost factors of the proposed models。 There are three major discovery from the numerical and sensitivity analysis。(1) Based on the same mean failure times，higher value of shape parameter ( ) results lower loss-cost。If shape parameter is fixed，larger scale parameter ( ) gives larger loss-cost，vice verso，if scale parameter is fixed，larger shape parameter gives larger loss- cost。(2) Based on the same loss cost，there is no significant difference between single assignable cause and multiple assignable cause model when =1 ( that is exponential distribution )，while as increases，loss cost increases in the single assignable cause model than in the multiple assignable cause model。(3) Loss cost will be affected significantly on the production cost either in control state or out of control state ; However，there is litter affection on the loss cost and time on the costs in discovering and removing causes and finding false alarms。 In practice，the application of economic design is still not popular due to the complex of the mathematical models，difficult to determine the cost parameters and hard to measure time factors。If we can improve production environment，simplify economic design model，enhance the value of usage of economic design and provide friendly interfaces between economic design commercial softwares and users，then economic design of control charts can play an important role in the process control in future time。

碩士
高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
97
The research focuses on the direct foreign investment in Taiwan as the research subjects. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 200 enterprises, 81 returned afterword, making up 40% of subjects. The finding of the research shows that. The study attempts to explore the level of cooperation with host country, level of competition of host country, the level of cooperation with other subsidiary company and competitive effect among subsidiary companies toward their parent company in choice of mechanism of negotiation, in terms of dyads inlay in local social network and parent company’s network. Quantitative analysis was utilized to prove the hypothesis mentioned above and concluded as follows: (1) if the cooperation abilities among subsidiary companies become strong, the parent company will adopt an informal control-coordination mechanism; moreover, the formal control-coordination mechanism will also be used; if cooperation intensity among subsidiary companies become strong, the parent company will adopt a formal control-coordination mechanism; moreover, the informal control mechanism will also be used; (2) if the dependence between subsidiary companies and external network technique become strong, the parent company won’t increase informal control mechanism. (3) if the resource competition among subsidiaries become strong, the parent company will increasingly adopt the formal coordination mechanism, and decreasingly adopt the use of informal control-coordination mechanism; (4) if the market entry barriers of the subsidiaries become low, the research shows an unsupported results for the parent company to adopt the informal control-coordination mechanism. Another result shows that if the industry growth of subsidiaries becomes strong, the patent company had better adopt the informal control-coordination mechanism and decreasingly uses the formal control mechanism.

碩士
國立東華大學
企業管理學系
93
With the universal application of information technology (IT) on business, the impact of information security accidents to business operations is also critical with each passing day. Even so, the existent academic researchers and business managers still focus on the technical issues of information security control, and overlook the important issues of managing information security control and integration. Therefore, the existing enterprises often get half the result with twice the effort on the works of information security control. The universal applications of IT raise the information circulation efficiency within and between the organizations, improve the original internal technological processes, promote the interactive connections between the organizations, and bring about the inestimable benefits for business. With the exclusive information assets of the enterprises circulate quickly across the organizations, the enterprises confront with many opportunities of competition. Therefore, how to control and manage information assets gradually becomes an important work of business information management. The research’s main results are: (1) the more the high-level managers value the information security, the more the extent of information security control is; (2) the more the extent of cognitive information security is, the more the effectiveness of information security control is; (3) the more the level of information security control is, the more the effectiveness of information security control is; and (4) the more the applications of the enterprise information technology, the more the level of information security control is.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險研究所
104
Modern public transportation plays an important role on a city’s development, citizens’ demand, and the prices of real estate than before. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the elementary schools with total mass control to the residential housing prices near the MRTs in Kaohsiung City. This article employs the relative determinant factors to analyze the pricing of the estates at those districts. We use the 2014 housing price announced by the Ministry of the Interior at the web of Registering of Actual Selling Price of Real Estate as the sample for this study.In order to investigate whether the distance to the elementary schools and different price levels will have significant influences on the housing prices, we use the hedonic price model and quantile regression to explore our empirical findings. 　　The results show that the housing price will be significantly affected by the alternative within 1 KM away from elementary schools with total mass control under different areas and different price levels. The influences of all other factors are also significant excluding that of administrative organization. By applying the quantile regression and ordinary least squares (OLS), the evidences show that the explanatory variables under different areas and price levels will have different effect levels on the housing price. These results could provide useful recommendation for the purchaser and investor of real estate market.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
企業管理系所
105
Based on the review and integration of relevant theories and empirical studies, the present study explores whether abusive supervision has a significant impact on employees’behaviors through the mediating effects of the satisfaction of self-determination demand as well as the moderating role of locus control. This study used questionnaire survey. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent to a joint military brigade in the south of the army, and 357 valid questionnaires were collected. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of the study found that supervisors' abusive supervision had a significant negative impact on employee autonomy and relatedness. Employee autonomy and relatedness have significant negative effects on employee interpersonal deviance and organizational deviance. Employee's relatedness mediates the effect between abusive supervision and employee interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance. Finally, some management implications, research limitation and future study suggestion are offered.

碩士
中國文化大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
91
The domestic urban & rural plan system and the substantial urban space structure development are both deeply affected by zoning control. However, present controlling contents didn’t concern about the possible influence on integral urban development after it put into practice; therefore, the effect didn’t manifest as previously expected, and it also caused negative environment issues. For the purpose, based on the ideal of sustainable development under different requirements of time and places, the principle of this study is to deduce factors in substantial urban construction, synthesize the connections between controlling items, sustainable development principle and substantial urban environments, study and draft evaluation structure and items. Besides, this study will choose a newly developed area as the real operation case, to examine the actual environment and control contents, discover relative issues and discuss for better countermeasures. This study concludes that: the framing of the controlling contents in future land utilization should be based on the coexisting relationship between human and natural environment from the viewpoint of “Environment.” Differing from the traditional point of view that only seeing things from the angle of “Human,” urban activities such as social, economical and political policies should stand on the stable foundation of sustainable development, and the schemer can lead urban development due to the proper regulations. According to the concept and evaluation structure mentioned above, the environmental sustainable development is divided into five goals: environmental safety, environmental facility, environmental protection, life quality and ecological environment. Under these five goals, there are 15 norms and 30 evaluation items in order to serve as a reference of Land Use Zoning Control for urban plans in the future while examining the contents of Zoning Control, providing the thinking in planning based on local conditions and flexible control methods.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
92
To formulate the criteria of building structure control is one of the important works of urban conservation in historic central district. Because of the building structure control will influence the use of the inner space of buildings, and the criteria of building structure control might not be executed successfully with just scarce acceptance of the user. So, while formulating the criteria of building structure control of the historic central district, the user’s requirements and the opinions should be found out. That can be conducive for us not only to realize if the standard of the criteria is appropriate, but also to find out the emphases which should be negotiated with the users before the criteria will be executed. So as to the appropriate standard of the criteria and the properly public participation plan can be made, and it can increasing the acceptance of the users gradually; then, enable the criteria to be executed successfully. Therefore, this research presume the scheme of building structure control advocated by “Research for Tainan City Historic Central District Building Reconstruction Structure and Control－Special reference to street contour of Yunghua palace, Chi Tzi Li, the Confucius Temple Historical Area”（Tsai, Yi-hung, 2002）as executory scheme, and aim at to realize the viewpoints of the users in the street contour of Yunghua palace by the survey of questionnaire, in order to prove the propriety of the scheme of building structure control and to question what are the emphases which should be negotiated with the users before the criteria will be executed. Finally, this research can be the reference for formulating the criteria of building structure control and it’s executing plan. The results of this research: 1. The propriety of the scheme of building structure control （1）Compare with the regulations existed, the “ height-control criterion outside the street contour” of the scheme only causes a few effect on the structure, and the “setback-control criterion inside the street contour” not only can conserve the characteristics of the traditional laneways, but also can be accepted by most of the users. So, the two criteria above are both properly and practicable. （2）The standard of the existed backyard setback-control regulations can not guarantee the quality of residential environment in historic central district. As a result, heightening the standard is indeed necessary. But the further research should be done to confirm if the standard of the backyard setback-control criterion of the scheme is properly. （3）Because of the scheme might cause great effect on few lots which are with short depth. It not only might cause some loss of statutory volume and injure the owner’s right, but also might cause that the volume of inner space can not fulfill the users’ requirements, even might cause it can not fulfill the minimum. As a result , the rational standard of building structure control should be suggested for those lots in order to ensure their quality of residential environment.. 2. The emphases which should be negotiated with the users before the criteria will be executed The users have higher acceptance about the “setback-control criterion inside the street contour” of the scheme, but don’t have higher acceptance about the “ height-control criterion inside the street contour” and the strategy that heighten the standard of the existed backyard setback-control regulations to improve the quality of residential environment. Furthermore, the opinion of the users and the consciousness about the quality of residential environment of the inhabitant indicates that before the criteria will be executed, to negotiate with the owners in order to make them accept some loss of statutory volume is necessary and to increase the acceptance about the purpose of heightening the standard of the existed backyard setback-control regulations of the users through medium, negotiation, education, or experiencing is also necessary, too.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
89
The residential zone is setapant in the city for the purpose of preserving a good living environment for the people. The increase of non-residential professions moving into the residential zone gradually erodes the quality of the living environment of the residents in the zone with different levels of adverse effect. This study is based on the viewpoint of maintaining a good quality of life in the residential zone. The sub-wards, Long Yun and Cher Tseng, are taken as of samples to investigate the factors that affect the living environment’s quality. The surveyor suggests that the authorities should enforce control measures in the residential zone, and he hopes that the quality of the living environment may be maintained and improvements can be made in the zoning of land in use and its control. The scope of the study consists of two sub-wards, Cher Tseng and Long Yun. Data were collected through questionnaires and statistical analysis in order to understand the current situation of their mixed use, the degree of satisfaction on the part of residents with their living environment, and the view on the direction of future control. The findings after the survey indicate that the situation of mixed use in Cher Tseng sub-ward is more serious than that in Long Yun sub-ward. As for the degree of satisfaction with quality of life in the environment, the more seriously mixed-use area shows higher satisfaction with the living convenience but lower satisfaction with other aspects of living environmental quality. From many previous relevant studies, it is learned that the factors affecting the living environment’s quality include the different kinds of professions stationed in the residential zone, the management of buildings in use, the layout and design of buildings …etc. In addition, from an examination of distribution of the mixed-use level on each block, this study discovers that the degree of mixed use on the blocks ( including kinds of professions stationed in the residential zone, their quantity and their proportion to the buildings in number), serve as the important factors affecting the living environmental quality. Except for the living convenience, the investigation of 17 evaluation items in Cher Tseng sub-ward and 12 items in Long Yun sub-ward indicates that the level of control of the mixed use on the blocks can determine the level of many of the living environment’s qualities. If we want to preserve the living environment as a whole, we may consider controling on the degree of mixed use in each of zone, based upon an exploration of the factors which affect the living environment’s quality. All in all, this study concludes that to maintain the living environment’s quality, local features and their development and the level of the community’s participation should be taken into consideration in the future control of mixed use in residential zones. I attempt to propose a strategy for implementation of the mixed use control in residential zones by establishing a system in public departments with laws and regulations, and by revising the control methods .In conclusion, hopefully, the responsibility of maintaining the environmental quality should be shared by the community and the government in order to create a better living environment.

碩士
輔仁大學
兒童與家庭學系碩士班
99
The purposes of this study are to find the current situation of the family decision-making in different domains- health and leisure, moral, learning and friend- and the maternal psychological control from the 6th graders’ viewpoints, and to examine the association- the correlation and variation between family decision-making in different domains and the maternal psychological. The 518 participants are the 6th graders of the Taipei Public elementary schools. The participants’ main caretakers are their mothers or parents. This study has several major findings, first of all, in the domains of “health and leisure”, ”moral”, ”learning” and ”friend”, the participants perceived that the family tend to make its decision according to- “ I make the final decision after discussing it with my mother” and “My mother and I make the decision together”. There is a significant deviation shown in every domain in terms of perceiving the family decision-making. These four domains that the participants perceived the mothers had more power in family decision-making, rated in the order from high to low level, are “moral”, “learning”, “friend”, and “health and leisure”. In addition, the participants felt lower levels of maternal psychological control. Secondly, in “learning domain”, more power of family decision-making is associated with more maternal psychological control. Analysis showed that the participants rated mothers as more power of family decision-making viewed themselves as more levels of maternal psychological control. But, in the domains of “health and leisure”, ”moral” and ”friend”, there is no significant correclation between the power of family decision-making and the maternal psychological control. Thirdly, the results also indicate that in “learning domain”, the 6th graders who perceive the highest level of “the power of family decision-making” also perceive the highest level of “maternal psycological control”. But for those who perceive the middle or lower level of “the power of family decision making”, there is no significant deviation shown in perceiving the “maternal psychological control. In addition, in the domains of “health and leisure”, ”moral” and ”friend”, there is no significant deviation between power level of family decision-making and the maternal psychological control. The study result shows that “the learning domain” would be an important domain for the 6th graders . Therefore, a mother with a 6th grade child should be concern herself more with the “learning domain” of her child when she makes family-decision.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
94
We all know that the constitution is acted as a fundamental law for all the national people to follow. Moreover, the rights and obligations are also required by this critical foundation. In the same way, to enterprises, Internal Control plays a basic role of the future perspectives and strategic planning. We also find that even the most detail procedures should be designed based on the Internal Control. Therefore, a powerful Internal Control is considered a critical factor for a successful enterprise. Taking several examples regulated by the Ministry of Finance, we find out that government really emphasizes a lot on a corporate’s Internal Control. However, the recent Procomp Informatics Ltd. and Infodisc Technology Corp. scandals, which brought great losses for both investors and creditors, thus have proven to be a failure for decades of promoting corporate’s Internal Control. Obviously, the major failure cause comes from the corporate’s Internal Control. In this study, we redesign the model of Internal Control according to the viewpoint of the “architecture” in order to solve the serious situation nowadays. Furthermore, with the new viewpoint of the “architecture” this study is able to reveal current shortcomings of an enterprise. After analyzing the whole situation, we present an “architecture model” of Internal Control. By adopting this “architecture model,” we can improve the process of traditional Internal Control and create a stable system helping future development of an enterprise. We hope that this study can open another aspect of thinking serving as a reference on designing and executing corporate Internal Control as well as enhancing corporate governance.

Nell'ultimo decennio, siamo stati testimoni dell'esplosione dei servizi di media delivery su Internet, con la crescita esponenziale di popolari società di video streaming come YouTube e Netflix. In questo contesto tecnologico, le applicazioni di Realtà Virtuale e Aumentata stanno diventando sempre più popolari grazie ai miglioramenti e alla penetrazione di economici Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). Pertanto, la capacità di trasmettere video immersivi, o contenuti Omnidirectional Video (OV), è una tecnologia abilitante chiave per diverse applicazioni emergenti come il cinema immersivo, i social-media e la sanità, solo per citarne alcune. La fornitura di questi nuovi servizi pone numerosi nuovi problemi, tra i quali menziono: 1. la standardizzazione dei nuovi formati video; 2. la progettazione di nuovi algoritmi di streaming adattivo; 3. la progettazione di tecniche di compressione adatte ai video immersivi. Le organizzazioni standard mondiali - come il Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) e il Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) - hanno speso molti sforzi per creare e introdurre nuovi sistemi di streaming per video immersivi. Partendo da queste premesse, il presente lavoro si avvolge intorno al tema principale di fornire algoritmi di controllo avanzati per applicazioni di streaming immersivo, con l'obiettivo di ottimizzare le risorse, con particolare attenzione al consumo di banda di rete, allo storage del server e alle capacità di calcolo del client. Concentrandosi sugli aspetti di ottimizzazione della larghezza di banda, è stata concepita e implementata una metodologia per la generazione di contenuti immersivi specificamente progettata per ottimizzare il consumo di bitrate video. Sono stati valutati gli indicatori di performance della tecnica di ottimizzazione concepita, in termini di riduzione del bitrate e di qualità visiva risultante in funzione del viewport dell'utente. Attraverso un'estesa campagna sperimentale, sono state catturate alcune intuizioni utili per la codifica di video immersivi ed è stato trovato il miglior trade-off teorico tra la riduzione del bitrate e la qualità visiva (valutata con entrambe le metriche Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) e Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) visual quality) in viewer side. Nel contesto del progetto Cloud-based pLatform for Immersive adaPtive video Streaming (CLIPS), è stata proposta l'architettura di un sistema di controllo basato su Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) per lo streaming adattivo di contenuti immersivi. Il sistema basato su DASH è basato su due algoritmi di controllo distinti che cooperano dinamicamente per adattarsi sia alle condizioni variabili della rete che al movimento della finestra dell'utente. La metodologia di ottimizzazione descritta in precedenza è stata utilizzata come algoritmo di generazione del contenuto. La piattaforma di streaming completa è stata implementata ed è stata effettuata una valutazione delle prestazioni. Inoltre, seguendo i più recenti sviluppi dello Stato dell'Arte nelle tecniche di ottimizzazione per lo streaming video immersivo, sono state identificate le due tecniche utilizzate per implementare la riduzione del bitrate dei video immersivi partizionati spazialmente. Per indagare la relazione tra la riduzione di bitrate ottenibile e la qualità video risultante (valutata con la metrica di qualità visiva Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF)), le tecniche identificate sono state testate su un dataset video per un totale di circa 88 ore di contenuti video immersivi. Infine, il tool open-source TAPAS-360 è stato sviluppato con l'obiettivo di aiutare la comunità di ricerca nella prototipazione rapida di algoritmi di controllo adattivo delle viewport. Inoltre, altre attività di ricerca, strettamente connesse a quelle sopra citate, sono state svolte durante il lavoro di dottorato.
In the last decade, we have been witness to the explosion of the Internet media delivery services, with the exponential grow of popular video streaming companies such as YouTube and Netflix. In this technological context, Virtual and Augmented Reality applications are becoming increasingly popular thanks to the improvements and the penetration of cheap Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). Therefore, the ability to stream Immersive videos, or Omnidirectional Video (OV) contents, is a key enabling technology for several emerging applications such as immersive cinema, social-media, and health-care, just to name a few. The provisioning of such new services pose numerous new issues, among which I mention: 1. the standardization of new video formats; 2. the design of new adaptive streaming algorithms; 3. the design of compression techniques suitable for immersive videos. World Standard Organizations - such as the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) - have spent a lot of efforts to create and introduce new streaming systems for immersive videos. Starting from these premises, the present work wraps around the main topic of providing advanced control algorithms for Immersive streaming applications, with the aim of optimizing resources, with a particular emphasis on consumption of network bandwidth, server storage and client computing capabilities. With the focus on bandwidth optimization aspects, a methodology for generating Immersive contents specifically designed to optimize the video bitrate consumption has been conceived and implemented. The performance indicators of the conceived optimization technique have been evaluated, in terms of bitrate reduction and resulting visual quality in function of the user’s viewport. Through an extensive experimental campaign, some insights useful for the encoding of immersive videos have been catch and the best theoretical trade-off between bitrate reduction and visual quality (evaluated with both Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) visual quality metrics) in viewer side has been found. Within the context of the Cloud-based pLatform for Immersive adaPtive video Streaming (CLIPS) project, the architecture of a Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)-based control system for the adaptive streaming of immersive contents has been proposed. The DASH-based system is based on two distinct control algorithms which dynamically cooperate for adapting both to the varying network conditions and to the movement of the user’s viewport. The optimizing methodology described ahead has been used as a content generation algorithm. The complete streaming platform has been implemented and a performance evaluation has been carried out. Moreover, by following the most recent developments of the State-of-the-Art in the optimization techniques for the immersive video streaming, the two techniques used for implementing bitrate reduction of spatially partitioned immersive videos have been identified. To investigate the relationship between the obtainable bitrate reduction and the resulting video quality (evaluated with the Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) visual quality metric), the identified techniques have been tested against a video dataset lasting a total of around 88 hours of immersive video contents. Finally, the open-source TAPAS-360 tool has been developed with the aim to aid in the research community the rapid prototyping of viewport adaptive control algorithms. Moreover, other research activities, strictly connected to those aforementioned, have been carried out during the PhD work.

Nell'ultimo decennio, siamo stati testimoni dell'esplosione dei servizi di media delivery su Internet, con la crescita esponenziale di popolari società di video streaming come YouTube e Netflix. In questo contesto tecnologico, le applicazioni di Realtà Virtuale e Aumentata stanno diventando sempre più popolari grazie ai miglioramenti e alla penetrazione di economici Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). Pertanto, la capacità di trasmettere video immersivi, o contenuti Omnidirectional Video (OV), è una tecnologia abilitante chiave per diverse applicazioni emergenti come il cinema immersivo, i social-media e la sanità, solo per citarne alcune. La fornitura di questi nuovi servizi pone numerosi nuovi problemi, tra i quali menziono: 1. la standardizzazione dei nuovi formati video; 2. la progettazione di nuovi algoritmi di streaming adattivo; 3. la progettazione di tecniche di compressione adatte ai video immersivi. Le organizzazioni standard mondiali - come il Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) e il Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) - hanno speso molti sforzi per creare e introdurre nuovi sistemi di streaming per video immersivi. Partendo da queste premesse, il presente lavoro si avvolge intorno al tema principale di fornire algoritmi di controllo avanzati per applicazioni di streaming immersivo, con l'obiettivo di ottimizzare le risorse, con particolare attenzione al consumo di banda di rete, allo storage del server e alle capacità di calcolo del client. Concentrandosi sugli aspetti di ottimizzazione della larghezza di banda, è stata concepita e implementata una metodologia per la generazione di contenuti immersivi specificamente progettata per ottimizzare il consumo di bitrate video. Sono stati valutati gli indicatori di performance della tecnica di ottimizzazione concepita, in termini di riduzione del bitrate e di qualità visiva risultante in funzione del viewport dell'utente. Attraverso un'estesa campagna sperimentale, sono state catturate alcune intuizioni utili per la codifica di video immersivi ed è stato trovato il miglior trade-off teorico tra la riduzione del bitrate e la qualità visiva (valutata con entrambe le metriche Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) e Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) visual quality) in viewer side. Nel contesto del progetto Cloud-based pLatform for Immersive adaPtive video Streaming (CLIPS), è stata proposta l'architettura di un sistema di controllo basato su Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) per lo streaming adattivo di contenuti immersivi. Il sistema basato su DASH è basato su due algoritmi di controllo distinti che cooperano dinamicamente per adattarsi sia alle condizioni variabili della rete che al movimento della finestra dell'utente. La metodologia di ottimizzazione descritta in precedenza è stata utilizzata come algoritmo di generazione del contenuto. La piattaforma di streaming completa è stata implementata ed è stata effettuata una valutazione delle prestazioni. Inoltre, seguendo i più recenti sviluppi dello Stato dell'Arte nelle tecniche di ottimizzazione per lo streaming video immersivo, sono state identificate le due tecniche utilizzate per implementare la riduzione del bitrate dei video immersivi partizionati spazialmente. Per indagare la relazione tra la riduzione di bitrate ottenibile e la qualità video risultante (valutata con la metrica di qualità visiva Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF)), le tecniche identificate sono state testate su un dataset video per un totale di circa 88 ore di contenuti video immersivi. Infine, il tool open-source TAPAS-360 è stato sviluppato con l'obiettivo di aiutare la comunità di ricerca nella prototipazione rapida di algoritmi di controllo adattivo delle viewport. Inoltre, altre attività di ricerca, strettamente connesse a quelle sopra citate, sono state svolte durante il lavoro di dottorato.
In the last decade, we have been witness to the explosion of the Internet media delivery services, with the exponential grow of popular video streaming companies such as YouTube and Netflix. In this technological context, Virtual and Augmented Reality applications are becoming increasingly popular thanks to the improvements and the penetration of cheap Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). Therefore, the ability to stream Immersive videos, or Omnidirectional Video (OV) contents, is a key enabling technology for several emerging applications such as immersive cinema, social-media, and health-care, just to name a few. The provisioning of such new services pose numerous new issues, among which I mention: 1. the standardization of new video formats; 2. the design of new adaptive streaming algorithms; 3. the design of compression techniques suitable for immersive videos. World Standard Organizations - such as the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) - have spent a lot of efforts to create and introduce new streaming systems for immersive videos. Starting from these premises, the present work wraps around the main topic of providing advanced control algorithms for Immersive streaming applications, with the aim of optimizing resources, with a particular emphasis on consumption of network bandwidth, server storage and client computing capabilities. With the focus on bandwidth optimization aspects, a methodology for generating Immersive contents specifically designed to optimize the video bitrate consumption has been conceived and implemented. The performance indicators of the conceived optimization technique have been evaluated, in terms of bitrate reduction and resulting visual quality in function of the user’s viewport. Through an extensive experimental campaign, some insights useful for the encoding of immersive videos have been catch and the best theoretical trade-off between bitrate reduction and visual quality (evaluated with both Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) visual quality metrics) in viewer side has been found. Within the context of the Cloud-based pLatform for Immersive adaPtive video Streaming (CLIPS) project, the architecture of a Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)-based control system for the adaptive streaming of immersive contents has been proposed. The DASH-based system is based on two distinct control algorithms which dynamically cooperate for adapting both to the varying network conditions and to the movement of the user’s viewport. The optimizing methodology described ahead has been used as a content generation algorithm. The complete streaming platform has been implemented and a performance evaluation has been carried out. Moreover, by following the most recent developments of the State-of-the-Art in the optimization techniques for the immersive video streaming, the two techniques used for implementing bitrate reduction of spatially partitioned immersive videos have been identified. To investigate the relationship between the obtainable bitrate reduction and the resulting video quality (evaluated with the Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) visual quality metric), the identified techniques have been tested against a video dataset lasting a total of around 88 hours of immersive video contents. Finally, the open-source TAPAS-360 tool has been developed with the aim to aid in the research community the rapid prototyping of viewport adaptive control algorithms. Moreover, other research activities, strictly connected to those aforementioned, have been carried out during the PhD work.