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Tesis sobre el tema "Victims"
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Chung, Yuen-lam Carmen. "Modern American women : victims or victors? /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31570835.
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Chung, Yuen-lam Carmen, and 鍾婉霖. "Modern American women: victims or victors?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007433.
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Adler, Jeffrey Steven. "Siblings of Incest Victims: Sibling-Victim Relationships and Adjustment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330888/.
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The non-victimized siblings in incestuous families have often been ignored in research, literature, and treatment. This study explored these siblings' 1) relationship to the victim, 2) attribution of blame, and 3) adjustment. Participants were 30 non-victimized siblings of incest victims, between the ages of 8 and 14. They completed the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Self-perception Profile for Children, the Children's Depression Inventory, and a questionnaire developed for this research. Participants' scores were compared with the normative sample scores on several measures.
Siblings perceived little warmth and closeness in their relationships to their victimized sisters. Rivalry and conflict were within normal limits. Siblings blamed victims and other family members less than expected, with the greatest amount of blame attributed to perpetrators. Adjustment was impaired. Males demonstrated less athletic competence, less global self-worth, more worry and oversensitivity than normative samples. Females showed a tendency toward less global self-worth and heightened general anxiety. Siblings' overall level of emotional distress was higher than most of the normative samples.
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Heneker, Kylie Jane. "Dealing with dichotomy : victims and victors in feminist discourse /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh4989.pdf.
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Gal, Tali, and tali gal@anu edu au. "Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.
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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored.
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This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims.
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The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that
of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the
criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the
stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses
on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims.
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While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Gal, Tali. "Victims to partners : child victims and restorative justice /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061114.100521/index.html.
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Lee, Soo Young. "A ministry to Korean battered women : changing victims to victors /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Lawler, Anna DeVries Nezu Christine Maguth. "Gender, sexual orientation and victim blame regarding male victims of sexual assault /." Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2002. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/62.
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Wilke, Lisa A. "Characteristics of Students Identified as Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims." Thesis, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196107.
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<p> Using data from the Minnesota Student Survey of over 120,000 eighth, ninth, and eleventh grade students across the state, this study examined the characteristics of students who identified themselves as engaging in bullying behavior (bully only), being the target of bullying (victim only), or both engaging in and being the target of bullying (bully-victims). Scores for these three bully/victim groups were compared to the general student population on fourteen characteristics: perception of safety, perceived fairness, perception of care, family communication, family inclusiveness, internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, inattentiveness, coping skills, positive self-evaluation, positive feelings toward others, parent abuse, sexual abuse, and family substance abuse. All categories of bullies and victims reported adverse scores on these measures, scoring on average about one-half standard deviation below the mean of all Minnesota students. Bullies and victims were similar on eight of the fourteen measures. Bully-victims consistently reported lower scores compared to the bully only and victim only groups. Gender differences were found with female students reporting more hardship on half of the investigated characteristics; however, gender did not interact with bully/victim status. These findings have important implications for understanding the psychological, behavioral, and physical space which both bullies and victims occupy.</p>
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Figueiredo, Debora de Carvalho. "Victims and villains." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79275.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T01:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T19:19:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
170215.pdf: 67124635 bytes, checksum: f83259f79346e756169e7c7fcc2c3845 (MD5)<br>O presente trabalho, baseado nas teorias da análise crítica do discurso, de estudos de gênero e de estudos jurídicos feministas, investiga o discurso judicial utilizado em 50 decisões britânicas de apelação em casos de estupro. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como o discurso dessas decisões judiciais define o estupro, como a autora e o réu são descritos e categorizados, e que impacto as representações judiciais do evento 'estupro' e seus participantes causa sobre a decisão de apelação. Além disso, esta tese também investiga o papel desempenhado pelo discurso de decisões de apelação em casos de estupro em processos sociais de educação, supervisão, controle e punição do comportamento social e sexual de homens e mulheres. No que concerne à metodologia utilizada, o presente estudo investiga as escolhas léxico-gramaticais feitas por juizes ao produzir suas decisões. As análises realizadas neste estudo indicam que, do ponto de vista do discurso judicial, um estupro grave é aquele cometido por um estranho, mulheres de 'boa' reputação são vítimas 'genuínas' de estupro, o estupro é geralmente resultado de tendências criminosas ou problemas mentais (no caso de crimes cometidos por estranhos), ou do desespero causado pela dor da separação (no caso de crimes cometidos por maridos ou companheiros). Este quadro geral retrata o estupro como um crime isolado motivado por desejos sexuais descontrolados ou por desespero emocional, independente de questões sociais como a violência de gênero, a violência doméstica, a assimetria de gênero e o alto grau de tolerância social ao problema da violência contra a mulher, e acaba influenciando as sentenças de prisão dadas a homens condenados por estupro. Os sistemas de categorização utilizados pelo discurso judicial para avaliar o estupro expressam julgamentos de valor sobre como homens e mulheres se comportam, fazendo parte de uma rede pedagógica que estabelece, supervisiona, controla e pune formas de comportamento e formas de identidade.
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Krahé, Barbara. "Victim and observer characteristics as determinants of responsibility attributions to victims of rape." Universität Potsdam, 1988. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3383/.
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Two field studies were conducted lo investigate the influence of observer and victim characteristics on attributions of victim and assailant responsibility in a rape case. In the first study, male and female subjects completed a measure of rape myth acceptance and were presented with a rape account after which they were asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant. In the second study, a new sample was asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant on the basis of one of two rape accounts in which victim's pre-rape behavior was manipulated. Results showed that both rape myth acceptance and victims' pre-rape behavior in influenced the degree of responsibility attributed to victims and assailants. No significant effects of subject gender were found. A more complex conceptualization is suggested of the link between observer and victim characteristics in social reactions to and evaluations of rape victims.
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Lawton, Amy. "Blaming the victim : patriarchal anthropology and the legal culpability of female rape victims." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1039.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>Interdisciplinary Studies
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PERONA, JANNE ELIZABETH. "EQUALIZING THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VICTIM SERVICES ACROSS ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192202.
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Desmeules, Julie. "Conséquences des inondations de juillet 1996 sur les conditions de vie et la santé biopsychosociale des femmes /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Hull : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Hull, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Thèse (M.Tr.Soc.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en extension de l'Université du Québec en Outaouais, 2005.<br>Bibliogr.: f. [160]-180. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Guy, Alexa. "The social and emotional profiles of adolescent bullies, victims, and bully-victims." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102288/.
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Peer bullying is a highly prevalent issue for children and adolescents worldwide. There is now convincing evidence that bullying has adverse consequences for physical, psychological, social, and emotional health that last throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Despite heightened efforts to prevent and tackle bullying, the factors that motivate this behaviour, and may predispose individuals to being either the perpetrators or victims of bullying remain partly unclear. With focus on the perpetration of bullying, one possible motivation described by resource control theories, is the pursuit of social dominance and enhancing status within the peer group. Bullies have been described as popular although controversial in their social acceptance. However there has been little exploration of how this group compares to victimised adolescents, and in particular to those who are concurrently victimised and bully others (bully-victims). Differences in sociometric outcomes between bullies and bully-victims, or between these perpetration roles and those who are ‘pure’ victims or uninvolved, may be explained by differences in social-cognitive and emotional attributes. Bullies were historically portrayed as socially incompetent and thought to show deficiencies in their emotional functioning. However the strategic and manipulative behaviour of bullies suggests that this group may be relatively skilled in their processing of social information and understanding of others. It may be bully-victims who display the most deficiencies in their social and emotional functioning, and this may be fundamental in explaining their failure to gain the same social status as bullies. Three studies were conducted, in which adolescents were first screened for bullying involvement using both self-reports and peer-nominations, and completed measures for behavioural problems, self-esteem, and peer-reported sociometric status. Participants were assigned to a bullying role (bully, bully-victim, victim or uninvolved), and a sub- sample of participants were assessed on abilities in the early stages of social information processing (encoding and interpretation) and emotional attributes (empathy, callous-unemotional traits, and affective instability). Study one investigated differences between the bullying roles on levels of social impact, social acceptance, and perceived popularity. It was found that all adolescents involved in bullying had higher social impact than those uninvolved. Bullies had the highest levels of perceived popularity, whereas bully-victims, like victims, scored low on perceived popularity and had the lowest levels of social acceptance. Additionally, bullying role made the greatest contribution compared to other demographic and individual characteristics in predicting all aspects of sociometric status. Study two explored the differences in abilities between the bullying roles on the encoding and interpretation stages of social information. There were no differences found between the groups with regards to emotion recognition abilities (encoding), however the victimised groups exhibited the most interpretation biases. Bully-victims showed the most hostile attribution biases, whereas victims endorsed more characterological self-blame attributions. Bullies showed no differences to uninvolved adolescents in their accuracy for encoding and interpreting social information. Finally study three investigated whether those involved in bullying showed differences in emotional traits and attributes. Those who were victimised, i.e., victims and bully- victims, had high levels of affective instability, and bully-victims also had the lowest levels of empathy and the most callous-unemotional traits. Bullies also had high levels of callous-unemotional traits, however showed no differences to the uninvolved group on any other emotional measure. In conclusion, bullies were associated with the most positive attributes across the measures of sociometric status, and did not differ in social information processing and emotional attributes from those uninvolved in bullying; however they were found to be callous-unemotional. This supports resource control approaches in suggesting that bullying is used to acquire dominance in the peer group, which in turn reinforces the bullying behaviour. Bullies’ social and emotional skills, in combination with being callous in pursuit of social status, may account for the ability to successfully use a combination of coercive and prosocial strategies to gain this social dominance. If bullies experience such social rewards, i.e., increased popularity, their behaviour will ultimately be more difficult to change. In contrast, bully-victims showed low sociometric status, showed the most interpretation biases, and the most negative emotional attributes. These adolescents are likely to represent the ineffective aggressors whose poor social skills, reactive behaviour, and dysregulated emotional style, explains their lack of success in gaining social dominance, along with their increased victimisation and rejection by peers. Interventions should target the whole peer group in reducing the social rewards received by bullies and encourage prosocial means for enhancing social status. Social hierarchies in schools should also be addressed to increase the status of those who are victimised and provide the social support needed to reduce victimisation. Finally, interventions may benefit from considering the emotional traits and processing biases that increase the risk of involvement in bullying, and may ultimately influence the outcomes of those involved.
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Campfield, Delia Carroll. "Cyber bullying and victimization psychosocial characteristics of bullies, victims, and bully/victims /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12112008-120806/.
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Manrique, de Lara Seminario Jorge. "Victims consigned to oblivion." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116326.
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This article studies people relegated to invisibility: the LGTB (lesbians, gays, transsexuals and bisexuals) from constitutional and international law point of view. Thoughts will be focused on transsexuals and their rights to be treated according to an early internalized gender and some rights emerged from this treatment. Peruvian State role in this subject and the existing challenges will also be analyzed in the same way.<br>El presente artículo es un estudio de una población relegada a la invisibilidad, los LGTB (lesbianas, gays, transexuales y bisexuales), desde el derecho constitucional y el derecho internacional. La reflexión girará entorno a los transexuales y al derecho que tienen estos a ser tratados como personas pertenecientes al género que han internalizado desde temprana edad. Asimismo, se discutirá algunos derechos que se desprenden de este trato. De la misma manera, se analizará el papel del Estado peruano en este tema y los retos que todavía existen.El ensayo es ganador del II Concurso de Investigación Jurídica de Responsabilidad Social, realizado en el segundo semestre de 2012.
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OConnor, Kelly E. "Social and emotional adjustment across aggressor/victim subgroups: Do aggressive-victims possess unique risk?" VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5673.
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Both theory and empirical evidence support the existence of “aggressive-victims,” a subgroup of youth who have been found to experience the negative outcomes associated with being an aggressor and being a victim. It remains unclear, however, if aggressive-victims possess risk factors that are unique from youth who are either aggressive or victimized. The present study sought to: (a) identify subgroups of seventh grade adolescents who differ in their patterns of aggression and victimization, (b) determine the number and structure of subgroups differ by school or sex, and (c) investigate whether aggressive-victims differ from all other subgroups in their social and emotional functioning. Secondary analyses were conducted on baseline data from 984 seventh grade adolescents participating in a randomized controlled trial evaluating an expressive writing intervention. Latent class analysis identified four subgroups of adolescents representing predominant-aggressors, predominant-victims, aggressive-victims, and youth with limited involvement. This pattern was consistent across sex and across schools that differed in the demographics of the adolescents. The findings indicate that aggressive victims are highly similar to predominant-aggressors and do not possess any unique characteristics beyond their pattern of involvement in both aggression and victimization. Further evidence of unique differences in risk factors is needed to support prevention and intervention efforts that are tailored to meet the specific needs of aggressive-victims. Future research should consider addressing methodological limitations of the present study, such as by examining continuous indicators, including additional indices of social and emotional functioning, or investigating differential item functioning.
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Lindahl, Julie. "Satisfaction and Use: Comparing First-time Victims and Victims of Multiple Sexual Assaults." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/199.
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Sexual assault advocacy services are intended to support and empower victims during the aftermath of an assault. This study's purpose was to identify sexual assault victims' use and satisfaction with victim advocacy services, and to compare those outcomes in first-time victims and victims of multiple sexual assaults. The goal was to determine if victims of multiple sexual assaults would seek services again due to satisfaction after receiving prior sexual assault advocacy services. Guided by empowerment theory, this study purported that victim satisfaction and seeking additional services would promote coping and empowerment for the victims and result in positive social change. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research with inclusion criteria of female, sexual assault victim, age 18 years or older, and being African American or Caucasian. The number of previous sexual assaults, use and satisfaction with victim advocacy services, and participant demographics were analyzed using inferential tests. A Chi-square test of independence examined the relation between victims of multiple sexual assaults and their use of victim advocacy services during the most recent assault, and revealed that victims of multiple sexual assaults were more likely to seek medical services during the most recent assault than they were to seek legal or sexual assault crisis center services. This finding suggests areas of improvement for victim advocacy services, specifically in improving the dissemination and collaboration of services among the medical, legal, and sexual assault crisis center communities. The findings from this study may help to evolve victim advocacy services, thereby increasing sexual assault victims' satisfaction with and use of services.
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Tait, Fiona Mary. "Testaments of transformation: The victim impact statement process in NSW as experienced by victims of crime and victim service professionals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14033.
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This study, featuring one of the largest, broad-based samples of primary and family victims of crime (VOC) interviewed in-depth regarding the victim impact statement (VIS) process, aimed to address current gaps in VIS knowledge to include whether some sectors of the VOC community are better, or more poorly served by VIS process and why. Drawn from data collected from 66 VOC and 35 victim service professionals in NSW between 2010 and 2011, it further sought to uncover the exact therapeutic benefits of VIS and present a comprehensive picture of the NSW VIS process as experienced by VOC. Providing insight into difficulties and challenges that VOC negotiate when considering making a VIS, it presents a firsthand understanding of the nature, challenges and risks of the VIS writing experience and novel data on the impact of legal processes such as VIS editing, and types of assistance VOC use and require. Findings show the core therapeutic value of VIS is robust, standing alone, even where levels of anger or psychological trauma remain unaffected, and despite VOC dissatisfaction with other elements of their criminal justice experience or sentence handed down. However, findings also show that the nature of the crime, relationship with the offender, gender, literacy, culture, minority status and self-worth can individually or collectively impact VOC access and engagement with VIS process. The decision to make, write and present a VIS in court is complex; highly sensitive to exterior mechanisms, legal processes and relational forces; and emotionally, and for some, psychologically challenging. Provision of VIS information and support is variable, with high levels of editing and inconsistencies in editing rationale reported, suggesting some confusion regarding the intended purpose of VIS within sentencing proceedings. In response, the study provides recommendations regarding VIS process, specifically designed resource tools and further research.
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Allred, Stephanie K. "Multiple levels of influence on the sexual assault victim : examining the relationship of sexist beliefs, social reactions, and self-blame on recovery /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417809081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-151). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Krakow, Nathan. "Assessing crime victims' coping needs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29994.
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There is mounting evidence that psychological reactions to criminal victimization can be far more severe, much longerlasting, and recovery less complete than had been originally thought. The plight of crime victims is often compounded by a suspectibility to a 1 'second wound', or aggravation of their distress, arising from the neglect or mistreatment by those whom victims rely on for support. There is, at the same time, evidence that both the criminal justice system and the mental health profession have often been ill-equipped to adequately tend to the needs of this population. Despite a growing research interest in victimization (e.g., social psychology, counselling psychology, psychiatry, criminology), there is a lack of integration of victimization-related research both across and within these disciplines. As a result, those counselling crime victims and their families find insufficient guidance in the literature for intervening with this population.
In the aftermath of their misfortune, victims need to regain what was abruptly taken from them (i.e., a sense of safety, trust, agency, self-esteem, intimacy, a sense of the world as meaningful). To facilitate post-trauma counselling, an assessment of crime victims' coping needs is presented in the context of an interventive framework. The framework distinguishes victims' identified needs according to (1) victims' intermediate vs. long-term coping needs, (2) what victims need from others vs. what they can do for themselves, and (3) what victims need from whom. These distinctions serve to operationalize crime victims' adjustment processes. Furthermore, these distinctions require an integration of an otherwise diverse victimization literature.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Tankus, Nathalie, and Olga Grakovski. "Manpeace? - Victims on equal conditions?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24976.
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AbstractThe meaning of this essay is to bring you a picture of a growing unnoticed society problem. The statistics talk for itself. The low number of men who report domestic violence, where they are the victims, shows that the society doesn’t have a good way of meeting this type of problem which is based both on structural and individual problems. The lack of science and the legislation are insufficient and discriminating because they are built on a picture where women are the victims and men are the perpetrators. It is also built on the norm of a heterosexual relationship which means that it is one sided and needs to be developed. By interviewing professional people in different working areas we have tried to get a picture of the needs of men who are exposed to domestic violence. The purpose of this essay has also been to identify the resources that Gothenburg city has to offer these men in questions regarding treatment and supportive efforts. One of the main problems in this, regarding men that are exposed to domestic violence, is the huge number of unrecorded cases. There are also not enough scientific researches made on this subject. The huge amount of unrecorded cases is creating an image that this is an almost none existing problem and this also causes difficulties for the society and its authorities to face the individuals that have been victims for this sort of violence. An important discovery that we have made, during our work on this essay, is that as much as the society of Gothenburg lacks resources to meet the needs of men exposed to domestic violence, as much does the society lacks resources to meet women who are perpetrators. We also found that the society of Gothenburg lacks resources to deal with the problems connected to domestic violence within none heterosexual families.
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Jenkins, Stephanie A. "Domestic Violence: Men as Victims." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu997552673.
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Jenkins, Stephanie. "Domestic violence : men as victims /." Connect to online version at OhioLINK ETD Connect to online version at Digital.Maag, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3754.
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Swanson, Shelby N. "WOMEN AS VICTIMS OR SURVIVORS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/122.
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Research shows that women who have been sexually assaulted once are more likely to be sexually assaulted again (revictimized). Several factors contribute to the likelihood of a woman being revictimized, including social support, personal behavior, and psychological health. This research proposes that a combination of these factors contributes to a woman’s self-perception as a victim or survivor of sexual assault. It is this self-perception that determines revictimization. Twenty women were interviewed to explore the victim or survivor mentality and its relation to revictimization. All women had negative consequences of the assault. Negative consequences lead some women to develop a victim mentality. Some women were able to find positive consequences out of their assault and developed a survivor mentality. Revictimization was linked to negative consequences of the initial victimization and the victim mentality that resulted from the negative consequences. Reasons for non-revictimization were somewhat the opposite of the reasons for revictimization and were linked to positive consequences of the assault and the survivor mentality that resulted from the positive consequences. The overall attitudes and behaviors of a sexual assault victim determines whether she views herself as a victim or survivor which significantly impacts the likelihood of her revictimization.
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McEwan, Siobhan L. "Friendly fire differential symptomatology in survivors of stranger and acquaintance rape /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/NQ39289.pdf.
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Hovington, Chantal. "Les inondations de juillet 1996 au Saguenay : les effets psychologiques durables chez les adultes jeunes et âgés /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17750961R.html.
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Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002.<br>En tête du titre: Université du Québec, mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. CaQTU Bibliogr.: f.90-99.
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Solbrekke, Emma. "Sex Trafficking : Why it is so hard for victims to escape, and how victims do escape." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104681.
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Human trafficking has turned into a global criminal industry that makes 32 billion dollars annually and enslaves about 800,000 individuals every year. Eighty per cent of those 800,000 are women or girls, and 50 per cent are minors. Individuals can be subjected to trafficking in many ways; however, the most common form of human trafficking is sex trafficking which involves sexual exploitation. Escaping sex trafficking is not easily done, and in this paper, one will get a better understanding of why it is hard. Knowledge of how girls get entrapped and enmeshed will be shown, but the most important part is showing how hard it can be to escape or what is stopping the victim; it will also show how victims escaped and what happened after they did. This paper looks further into escapes mechanisms from sex trafficking by analysing the stories of four victims of sex trafficking. Joan Reid’s research on Entrapment and Enmeshment (2014) will be used as a theory and the basis for how it is hard for victims to escape and then how they do escape. Research questions for this paper are; Which forms of entrapment did the victims in this study experience? Which forms of enmeshment did the victims in this study experience? How did the victims escape from sex trafficking, and which patterns, if any, are observable in terms of escape strategies? The stories of four victims describe how they were entrapped and enmeshed and how they later escaped. With their stories, this study wanted to investigate if they all could be placed into Reid's categories and if those categories were, therefore, all-inclusive. Most of the stories fit into some category; however, there was always at least one story that did not fit in both entrapment and enmeshment. This shows that the subject should be studied further in order to gain more information.
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Petrouchkevitch, Natalia. "Victims and criminals, Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ44823.pdf.
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Layard, Antonia. "Environmental victims : an argument for compensation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365630.
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Barnard, Sarah. "Police officers' attitudes about rape victims." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569988.
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<p> Police officers are often the first contact a victim of rape has with the criminal justice system and may be the first people to whom rape victims disclose. To examine the extent to which police officers endorse rape myths, this quantitative study assessed their views about rape victims, along with the effects of demographics and experience. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale--Short Form was administered to 66 patrol officers in Southern California. The officers scored in the mid-range of this scale, which addresses seven different categories of common rape myths, such as "she lied" and "she asked for it." For some rape myths, females and ethnic majority officers indicated less endorsement of rape myths. These findings reveal a need for more in-depth research on police officers. Social workers who work with the victims of rape should advocate for increased education of law enforcement personnel about rape and its victims.</p>
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Vimba, Goodman Ntandazo. "Redress for the victims of cartels." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65634.
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Cartels are the most egregious competition law contraventions and cartel enforcement is a top for competition authorities. One would thus expect that the energy and rigour with which cartels are being prosecuted by the competition authorities would be mirrored in the redress available in South Africa to victims of cartel conduct. Sadly that is not the case as no special legislative provisions exist that eases the road to obtaining damages awards by cartel victims. Section 65 of the Competition Act at least paves the way for follow-on civil actions but does not in itself create a comprehensive process to facilitate such actions. The EU is however progressively working towards enabling victims of anti-competitive conduct to be able to institute damages actions and successfully recover such damages. As pointed out the Antitrust Damages Directive of 2014 has ushered in a new era in protection of victims of competition law contraventions in the EU as it provides comprehensively for aspects such as disclosure of evidence, penalties, limitation periods, joint and several liability, passingon of overcharges and the right to full compensation. It spesifically also provides for the relaxing of the standard of proof in relation to the quantification of damages and also for settlement of damages claims through alternative dispute resolution. This dissertation interrogates the difficulties facing victims of cartel conduct insofar as civil redress is concerned and looks at the developments in this context in the EU to see whether there are any reforms that South Africa should undertake to address the problems relating to civil redress for victims of cartel conduct.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Mahlase, Katlego Monnadikotsi. "Compensation for victims of cartel conduct." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41249.
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Els, Leanda. "Redress for victims of cartel activity." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53126.
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It is well known amongst competition law experts that public enforcement of competition law, i.e. administrative penalties for competition law infringements, alone is not enough. Consequently, private damages claims play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining competition in a market. This suggests a need for interaction between public and private enforcement of competition law.
Cartel activities, in terms of section 4(1)(b) of South Africa s Competition Act, are considered by competition law experts to be the most egregious of anti-competitive activities. When taking this into account, it is clear to see the need for a method which cartel victims can use to claim compensation for the harm they had to endure because of the competition law infringements.
Section 65 of South Africa s Competition Act sets out the requirements, which must be met before a private damages action can be pursued in a civil court, as well as the procedure in this regard. Class actions play a very important role as its advantages provide indigent victims in a cartelised market the opportunity to institute their private damages claims. South Africa s Competition Act is silent on the matter of locus standi regarding a damages claim. There is no legal certainty regarding the issue of which type of claim, either delictual or statutory, the injured party has in terms of section 65. Nevertheless the Children s Resource Centre-case provides a few useful insights regarding the nature of the cause of action. In order to address some problem areas regarding private damages claims the European Commission published a Green Paper, White Paper and Draft Directive. Because South Africa s competition law is largely based on the European Union s competition law principles, guidance will be obtained from the European Commission s initiatives regarding the issue of locus standi as well as other problem areas. Leniency programmes are very effective in the uncovering of cartel activities which is why it plays a crucial role in the process of claiming for damages. It is important to note that the immunity offered by South Africa s Corporate Leniency Policy does not cover civil liability towards victims and that civil damages claims in turn affect the Corporate Leniency Policy in such a way that the effectiveness of the policy gets jeopardised. Guidance on how to solve these problems will be obtained from the European Union s Draft Directive which addresses the issue by regulating access to documents and protecting a leniency applicant.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Beck-Hummel, Suzanne M. "A policies and procedures manual for the operations of Crime Victims Council of the Lehigh Valley, Inc." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1993. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2930. Abstract precedes thesis as [3] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ståhlberg, Linda. "Victim Support och konstruktioner av brottsoffret : En kvalitativ fallstudie av den engelska brottsofferjouren." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22020.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur de som jobbar med brottsdrabbade inom den engelska brottsofferjouren, Victim Support, förstår brottsdrabbades behov och sin egen roll i att bemöta dessa. Avsikten var även att undersöka hur traditionella föreställningar kring brottsdrabbade, och kategorier som manligt/kvinnligt, ålder, klass etcetera, påverkar denna förståelse. Studien utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med volontärer och anställd personal inom Victim Support. Resultaten visade att jouraktiva väger in flera parametrar när de bedömer brottsdrabbades behov. Kategorierna ålder, kön och brottstyp framkom som särskilt betydelsefulla. Traditionella föreställningar om brottsoffer framträder också i intervjudeltagarnas resonemang och tycks påverka sättet man förstår sin egen roll som ”hjälpare” på. Klienter som uppfattas avvikande har ibland svårare att få adekvat stöd. Det är därför av stor vikt att alla som jobbar med brottsdrabbade blir medvetna om hur stereotypiska antaganden kan ta sig i uttryck och vad de kan få för konsekvenser.<br>The aim of this study was to investigate how people working in English Victim Support, understand crime victim's needs and their own role in addressing them. The purpose was also to investigate how traditional notions of crime victims and categories such as gender, age, class etcetera, affect this understanding. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews with volunteers and staff of Victim Support. The results showed that the participants took several parameters in consideration when assessing crime victim’s needs. The categories of age, sex and type of crime emerged as particularly significant. Traditional notions of victims also appear to influence the participants understanding of victims and their own role. Clients perceived as deviant may also have difficulties in receiving adequate support. It is therefore important that all working with crime victims become aware of how stereotypical assumptions can manifest and the potential consequences of them.<br><p>9302021242</p>
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Emm, Deborah L. "Coping with victimization : the short- and long-term impact of rape upon survivors /." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244219084.
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Weinman, Cassidy. "Victims in justice: The effect of personal attributions on public perceptions of restoration, reparation and victim participation." Thesis, Weinman, Cassidy (2014) Victims in justice: The effect of personal attributions on public perceptions of restoration, reparation and victim participation. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28835/.
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Research into public attitudes has continued to convey a crisis of confidence in the traditional retributive-style model of justice, with its effectiveness in dealing with the stakeholders of a crime continually being questioned. Victims are often described as the forgotten party of the criminal justice system; they are considered simply witnesses to an offence committed against the State. It is, therefore, not surprising that researchers have been inspired to search for alternatives to the traditional system. One alternative that has received considerable attention is restorative justice. The current study examined the level of public support for the principles of restorative justice, including the increased participation of victims in the justice system. Further, the study used punitiveness and belief in a just world to assess if personal attributions affect levels of support for restorative justice. The study paints a picture of a far less retributive public than is often portrayed, with respondents indicating high levels of support for strategies that promote reparation and restitution. The slightly punitive sample, whom held relatively high beliefs in a just world, embraced a more restorative orientation towards criminal justice, alluding to a shift in public attitudes. The study argues that greater victim involvement in the justice process is favoured by the public, as are empirically-based models of restorative justice.
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Lee, Kirsty. "Adolescent bullying and intrasexual competition : body concerns and self-promotion tactics amongst bullies, victims and bully-victims." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90332/.
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Bullying is ubiquitous and a major cause of psychological distress and disease. While most bullying research investigating the predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors has focused on victims, important gaps remain regarding the theoretical drivers of bullying perpetration. Using sexual selection and intrasexual competition as a theoretical framework, researchers have argued that bullying is an evolved behaviour that enables bullies to obtain or maintain a strong position in the social hierarchy and have greater access to resources, including sexual and romantic experiences. Intrasexual competition comprises two key features: competitor derogation and self-promotion. Bullying could be considered as a type of repeated competitor derogation, but the extent to which bullies engage in self-promotion tactics is unknown. As body shape and size are of central importance to males and females in the context of intrasexual competition, the aims of this thesis were: to determine whether body weight or body image independently or jointly predict bullying role; and to examine the extent to which bullies, victims and bully-victims are preoccupied with self-promotion through body alteration, and whether this is related to psychological functioning. A large school-based study (The Bullying, Appearance, Social Information Processing and Emotions Study; The BASE study) of adolescents in the UK was conducted. Study 1 investigated whether body weight or body image (i.e., actual or perceived underweight or overweight) was independently associated with bullying role (bully, victim or bully-victim), and whether body weight and body image interacted to predict bullying role amongst adolescent boys and girls. Study 2 examined whether bullies, victims and bully-victims were at increased risk of weight loss preoccupation compared to adolescents uninvolved in bullying, whether psychological functioning mediated the relationship between bullying role and weight loss preoccupation, and whether sex was a key moderator. Study 3 examined whether bullies, victims and bully-victims had a higher desire for cosmetic surgery compared to adolescents uninvolved in bullying, whether the relationship between bullying role and desire for cosmetic surgery was direct or mediated by psychological functioning, and whether any effects were sex-specific. The findings offer several new contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it was revealed that body image, rather than actual body weight, is associated with being a victim and bully-victim. Bullies were of average weight and were more likely to be at an advanced pubertal status (girls only). Secondly, being a male or female bully was directly associated with increased desire for cosmetic surgery and weight loss preoccupation (boys only). The relationship between being victimised (as a victim or bully-victim) and cosmetic surgery desire and weight loss preoccupation was mostly mediated by reduced psychological functioning. Overall, victims had the highest desire for cosmetic surgery, whilst bully-victims had the highest weight loss preoccupation; there were no significant differences between male and female victims or bully-victims. In conclusion, the findings that male and female adolescent bullies are engaging in or cognizing about self-promotion strategies to improve physical appearance, which was unrelated to psychological functioning, are consistent with the theory of bullying as a form of intrasexual competition. Bullies are thus multi-strategic in their attempt to obtain or maintain social dominance. Bullied adolescents are similarly concerned about their appearance, but this is mostly because of reduced self-esteem, body-esteem and emotional problems as a result of being bullied. Thus, adolescents involved in bullying are at increased likelihood of attempting to alter their physical appearance, albeit via different pathways and with likely different outcomes. The research advances theoretical understanding about bullies and has practical implications for understanding the body concerns and self-promotion tactics of bullies, victims and bully-victims.
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Hanley, Honora M. "The impact of incest history on survivors' relationships with their children /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9100.
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Greaves, Pauline. "Victims of violent crimes study of victim services in Ottawa and their treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5303.
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Heater, Jill. "Effects of type of injury, sex of victim, and sex of participant on reactions to domestic abuse victims." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ32126.pdf.
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Schillén, Anton. "Aid System for Finding Trapped Earthquake Victims." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209349.
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Using Emsuch [6] as a base this reports tries to find a solution to the problems that arise when trying to find survivors in collapsed buildings following an earthquake. Emsuch is a system that allows an user to retrieve information from the Home unit inside a house after an earthquake. But the results of the previous study [6] showed that the previous Emsuch is not very useful in disasters such as earthquakes. This is due to several reasons that were overlooked in that study such as electricity consumption and connectivity. So this study aims to improve the system by designing software that enables the user to quickly check each household that uses an Emsuch system. By using a case study and interviewing members of the Japanese Ground Self-Defence Forces a requirements document was created. From these requirements the system was designed to fulfil them all and then partly implemented and tested. The current prototype of the system has some major parts working, with a few parts non-functional or unimplemented.<br>Den här rapporten använder Emsuch-systemet [6] för att försöka lösa de problem som uppstår när armén letar efter överlevare i husmassor efter jordbävningar i Japan. Med Emsuch kan räddningsarbetarna hämta information från husen de går förbi under letandet. Under en tidigare studie [6] där grunden till systemet utvecklades identifierades flera punkter som leder till problem i de förhållanden som råder i de räddningsaktionerna. De två största utmaningarna är bristen på el och att infrastrukturen för kommunikation ofta är nere. Den här rapporten avser att utforma och implementera en lösning som gör att användarna i armén kan ansluta sig till varje enhet i förbifarten. Med en fallstudie som inkluderar en intervju med Japans markbaserade försvarsstyrkor i Sapporo togs ett kravdokument fram. Detta kravdokument användes som grund för implementeringen av systemet. En prototyp togs fram och testades delvis. Resultatet av testerna visade att Emsuch har potential för att användas i räddningsarbeten, men att det är flera delar som behövs fixas för att klara av verkliga situationer.
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Kenney, James Scott. "Coping with grief, survivors of murder victims." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/NQ50994.pdf.
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Kaukinen, Catherine Elizabeth. "The help-seeking of violent crime victims." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59077.pdf.
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Kenney, James Scott. "Coping with grief : survivors of murder victims /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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Onsi, Atousa. "SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION OF RAPE VICTIMS IN IRAN." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24698.
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The aim of the given study is to investigate the impact of the legal as well as the sociocultural systems of Iran on the secondary victimization of rape victims in the country. As a theoretical background of the study, two feminist theories, Feminist criminology and Radical Feminist, will be used. By the help of these theories the influences of patriarchy on secondary victimization of rape victims in Iran will be explained. While case study is used to frame the design of the study, qualitative content analysis will also be used to collect the needed data through analyzing different sources and materials. The findings show that the lack of comprehensive laws regarding rape crime in Iran and the way service providers view and perceive rape victims have led to re-victimization of rape victims. Moreover, analyzing the sociocultural system of the country demonstrated that the prevalence of rape myths and gender inequality in the society have also contributed to re-victimization of such victims. The author believes that establishing new comprehensive laws regarding rape crime and changing the service providers and people’s attitudes regarding rape crime and rape victims through education are the most appropriate solutions for this problem.
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Parkins, Irina Sumajin. "Adolescent Perceptions of Victims of School Bullying." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1145222320.
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Nelson, Megan E. "Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Stalking Victims." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1533558167223466.
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