Literatura académica sobre el tema "Victims of crimes – France – Biography"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Victims of crimes – France – Biography"
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Schmöller, Natascha. "Swiss Humanitarian Aid in Spain and Southern France through Paul Senn’s camera (1937-1942)". Culture & History Digital Journal 8, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.020.
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The aim of this article is to provide a brief biography of the Swiss photographer Paul Senn, and through the analysis of his photographic journalism resulting from his trips to Spain from 1937 to 1939, add a nuance from the visual perspective of the Civil War and Swiss humanitarian aid for the victims in situ. His photography kept track of both the Republican victims during “La Retirada” as well as of the refugees from Nazism in the South of France during 1942. His aim was to document the historical facts for Swiss readers, potential donors and affiliates of humanitarian aid. The final caption of a published photograph reinforces the compositional resources that Paul Senn employed to foster empathy with the homeless.
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KOZYCKYJ, Andrij. "CRIMINALIZATION OF DENIAL OF HOLODOMOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF BANNING DENIAL OF GENOCIDE". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n.º 33 (2023): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2023.33.16.
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The article highlights the problems and prospects of establishing of criminal lability for Holodomor denial in the context of the experience of criminalizing genocide denial, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in European countries. Significant part of western researchers considers that the prosecution of persons who deny genocide should take place primarily in those countries where the mass extermination of large human groups took place in the past and whose society has knowledge of the relevant historical context. Criminalization of denials of genocide in European countries took place in stages. During the 1990s, France, Germany and Belgium established criminal liability for denying the crimes of the Third Reich, including the Holocaust. At the beginning of the XXI century several countries in Eastern and Southern Europe introduced responsibility for the denial of crimes committed by Nazi and communist totalitarian regimes. The next stage of the criminalization of genocide denial began in 2015–2016, it consisted in the establishment of a general ban on denial of all cases of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, without excluding. Spain, Italy, Germany and others countries of Europe adopted laws of this plan. Currently, international law does not require punishment for genocide denial, but there are noticeable trends leading to the establishment of such a universal norm. Between 2003 and 2008, the European Court of Human Rights and the European Parliament issued a series of decisions that justified the right of democratic countries to restrict freedom of speech on issues related to the denial of the Holocaust and others crimes of the Nazi totalitarian regime of the Third Reich. Genocide denial is a violation of the right to respect for human dignity – not only victims of genocide, but also their descendants are considered victims in cases of this kind.
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D. S., Honchar. "VICTIMS OF EXTRAJUDICIAL REPRESSION AND SUBJECTS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY CRIMES IN THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE (1918–1922 AD)". Actual problems of native jurisprudence, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391903.
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The article examines the relation between the Bolshevik political doctrine and the activity of the extraordinary commissions in theUkrainian SSR in 1918-1922. The forms and methods of combating counterrevolutionary crimes are shown. The mechanism of implementation of the “red terror” policy in the context of the struggle with counterrevolution was explored. The legal basis for the work of extraordinary commissions on repression is analyzed. Compared the legalization of responsibility forcounter-revolutionary crimes and the practice of its application. The article analyzes the class affiliation, the social status of victims ofextrajudicial repressions by extraordinary commissions. Compares the experience of the Jacobin terror during the French Revolution and the Bolshevik “red terror” policy. The author presentsstatistical data on the number of victims of repression, their social status, class membership both during the Jacobin dictatorshipin France and during the implementation of the “red terror” policy in Ukraine. The author mentions information from archival sources about the activities of extraordinary commissions and their repression. The normative basis of the policy of “red terror”, a special legislation that was active in this field is explored. The author in the articlepresents assessments of the activities of the Bolshevik bodies of state security in Ukraine from the side of real eyewitnesses, participantsin those events, party figures, and publicists of those times. The provisions of secret documents that aimed at manually managing the policy of “red terror” were set forth. The author presentsa series of statistical data on the performance of state security bodies in Ukraine. The genesis of the development of criminal-law policyin the field of struggle with counterrevolutionary crimes was explored. The article analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code of the USSR in 1922, which concern the establishment of criminal responsibilityfor counter-revolutionary crimes. Significant differences of the current criminal law in the field of crimes against the nationalsecurity of Ukraine and the Bolshevik criminal legislation regarding the fight against state crimes were revealed.
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Wexler, Leila Sadat. "Reflections on the Trial of Vichy Collaborator Paul Touvier for Crimes against Humanity in France". Law & Social Inquiry 20, n.º 01 (1995): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00686.x.
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On 20 April 1994, in Versailles France, Paul Touvier was convicted of complicity to commit crimes against humanity for his role in the killing of seven Jews during World War II. At the time of the crime Touvier was an oficer of the Milice, a special military force established to combat the Resistance and other enemies of the Vichy government. When Touvier's trial was finally held in spring 1994, it was the subject of enormous media attention in France and became the vehicle for a debate on the legitimacy and activities of the Vichy Regime, becoming popularly identified as a trial of the Vichy government. This essay, after tracing the historical and legal background of Touvier's prosecution, concludes that Touvier's conviction some 50 years after his crime, was legally and morally justified. Touvier's evasion of the law was remedied; his victims and their descendants were honored; the Nuremberg principles were resurrected and applied. The author is skeptical, however, about using his trial to reexamine the Vichy period and suggests that its attempted transformation by the media into an event that would produce an authoritative resolution of the various public discourses concerning Vichy France was and could only have been a disappointment.
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Schomerus, G., D. Heider, M. C. Angermeyer, P. E. Bebbington, J. M. Azorin, T. Brugha y M. Toumi. "Urban residence, victimhood and the appraisal of personal safety in people with schizophrenia: results from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC)". Psychological Medicine 38, n.º 4 (15 de octubre de 2007): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001778.
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BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of being victims of violent and non-violent crimes. We have determined how the experience of crime and subjective feelings of safety differ between urban and rural residential areas.MethodWe analysed data from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC), a 2-year follow-up study of 1208 patients in the UK, France and Germany. Subjective safety and a history of victimhood were elicited with Lehman's Quality of Life Inventory. Regression models adjusted the effects of living environment for country, education, employment, financial situation, drug and alcohol abuse, criminal arrests and the level of schizophrenic symptoms.ResultsTen per cent of patients were victims of violent and 19% of non-violent crimes. There was no significant relationship between victim status and residential area. However, subjective safety was clearly worse in cities than in rural areas. Aspects of objective and subjective safety were related to different factors: being the victim of violence was most strongly associated with alcohol and drug abuse and with criminal arrests of the patients themselves, whereas impaired subjective safety was most strongly associated with poverty and victimhood experience.ConclusionsAlthough urban living was not associated with increased objective threats to their security, patients did feel more threatened. Such stress and anxiety can be related to concepts of social capital, and may contribute unfavourably to the course of the illness, reflecting the putative role of appraisal in cognitive models of psychosis. Securing patients’ material needs may provide a way to improve subjective safety.
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Oxman, Bernard H. y Brigitte Stern. "Universal jurisdiction over crimes against humanity under French law—grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949—genocide—torture—human rights violations in Bosnia and Rwanda". American Journal of International Law 93, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998008.
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In rejavor. In re Munyeshyaka.French Cour de cassation, Criminal Chamber, March 26, 1996.In Re Munyeshyaka. 1998 Bull, crim., No. 2, at 3.French Cour de cassation, Criminal Chamber, January 6, 1998.In the Javor case, certain Bosnian victims of the policy of “ethnic cleansing” that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, who were refugees in France, tried to rely on the universal jurisdiction of the French courts in order to file a criminal complaint (plainte avec constitution departie civile) with an investigating magistrate (juge d'instruction) against their Serb torturers.
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Rashid KHALEEL, INtisar y Saif Ali Abbas JUMAAH. "TESTIMONIAL NARRATIVE OF THE UNSPEAKABLE CRIMES IN NADIA MURAD’S THE LAST GIRL". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, n.º 01 (1 de enero de 2023): 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.21.40.
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Trauma is an unpleasant experience suffered by an individual and or a group of individuals collectively. It is a life-changing event that leaves physical and psychological scars that could influence both explicit and implicit memories in the conscious and subconscious mind. Therefore, traumatic events can occur when previous memories haunt the present state of mind through flashbacks, nightmares, hallucinations, disorders, and other means. As a result, the suppressed ghost of the past conjures up mental imagery of locations, people, and items associated with the heinous crime. While some individuals are locked in their traumatic experiences, others may integrate and release them via narration and testimony stories. This is important in making the wound visible and the silence audible. Therefore, as Nadia Murad demonstrated, literature deals with trauma and constructs a bridge of communal solidarity amongst people who share the same society or culture by exposing hideous crimes. The book by Nadia Murad and the co-writer Jenna Krajeski, The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity and Resistance to the Islamic State (2017), focuses on ISIS sexual assaulters of their Yazidi victims and women’s aspirations for reparative and restorative justice. Between 2014 and 2015, Nadia Murad, the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize winner, was imprisoned in sexual slavery. Nadia’s historical testimony gave details of the crimes that the ISIS members perpetrated against her and her determination to prosecute them. The study argues that the Yazidi women’s brave decision to come forward assisted rape survivors in breaking the women’s generational silence. They significantly recalled their people’s collective traumatized memory to heal the wounds through verbalizing suffering and testimonial narratives. The author-personal narrator’s experiences with injustices had been investigated using a mix of autobiography biography, memoir, History, and testimony, and also how the testimonial narrative aids in the act of speaking out against crimes; by giving voice to the silent agony
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Leclerc, Jean-François. "Justice et infra-justice en Nouvelle-France. Les voies de fait à Montréal entre 1700 et 1760". Criminologie 18, n.º 1 (17 de agosto de 2005): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017205ar.
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It has become obvious in the past several years that the judicial statistics have certain limitations as far as reconstructing the evolution of crime under the Ancien Régime is concerned. The administrative inadequacies of the institutional justice of that era, its insufficient means of intervention, invite caution, but the existence of infra-judicial mechanisms for dealing with crime lead to the conclusion that only a fraction of the crimes ever came before the courts. Our research on trials for assault and battery heard in the jurisdiction of Montreal between 1700 and 1760 revealed several cases establishing the existence in New France, and confirming the observations of Alfred Somanfor France, of practices according to which the institution of proceedings by certain victims was often in order to start a process of negotiation with the aggressor or force him to come to an agreement out of court, which usually put an end to the procedures. Since there is rarely any explicit mention of agreements reached, even in the notarial archives, we arrived at the possibility that the dropping of legal proceedings indicated an infra-judicial settlement of the case. This led us to analyse the decrease in the number of trials for assault and battery in Montreal after 1730. It was not because of the usual explanation, that it was a sign of a “decrease in crime”, but rather due to a strengthening of the infra-judicial system, particularly in the rural areas, where there was less recourse to the authority of the royal court to settle minor infractions.
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Maksymenko, Olga. "Social well-being of converted Muslims in different countries of the world". Religious Freedom 1, n.º 19 (30 de agosto de 2016): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2016.19.1.962.
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The tendency to intensify Islamophobia in its various manifestations, from the hostile attitude towards the Muslims to open acts of aggression and calls for hatred and violence against the representatives of this religion - unfortunately, has recently been observed in many countries of the world. Some factors contribute to this: firstly, the inspiration by some unscrupulous media of identifying Muslims with terrorists and extremists, a new wave of fear, caused by reports of numerous crimes by militants of the self-proclaimed "Islamic State" (whose activities generally contradict the spirit of Islam as a peaceful and humanistic religion that recognizes human life of the highest value and equates the killing of one person to the murder of all mankind) and recent attacks with a large number of human victims (in particular, in France and Belgium); and secondly, the reluctance of ordinary people to see in their environment those who differ from them (rejection of "someone else", due to the imaginary division of the world into "we" and "they"). Bearers of another culture are perceived as a threat of violations of the usual way of life, changes in the established system of values. Hence, the sharply negative attitude towards refugees from Syria and other Islamic countries.
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Saraskina, Liudmila. "Truths and Lies in a TV Series About “Dostoevsky Beyond the Textbook”". Неизвестный Достоевский 7, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2020): 70–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2020.5061.
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The paper offers a detailed analysis of Dostoevsky, a historical and biographical feature TV serial (in eight episodes), produced in 2011, when the writer’s 190th anniversary was celebrated. The film was directed by V. I. Khotinenko, the script was written by E. Ya. Volodarsky. The authors of the series claimed that their objective was to create an image of “Dostoevsky beyond the textbook”, wholly (or largely) unknown to today’s audience. But the authors did not explain what they meant by “Dostoevsky beyond the textbook”, nor, for that matter, by the “textbook” version. Professional expertise had found numerous gross distortions of both Dostoevsky’s biography and Russian history in the script. Nevertheless, after certain corrections by the film director, the flawed script was accepted as the basis for the series, which, in the end, proved to be as flawed. The objective of the film, as defined by the director, was to show the “human dimension” Dostoevsky, was realized in a very peculiar manner: for the sake of pseudo-dramatization, the writers’ real experiences in the fatal moments of his life were replaced with fictitious experiences; many events, well known and well documented, were deliberately misrepresented. For the film director, Dostoevsky was chiefly interesting as a person burdened with many vices, whose biography had been full of extraordinary striking episodes. The film director, by his arbitrary will, ascribed to Dostoevsky the desires, passions and actions of some of his fictional characters; this dubious, though frequently employed, technique has been readily utilized in the series. Numerous erotic episodes were supposed to demonstrate to today’s audience that nothing human was alien to Dostoevsky. His literary activity, his public readings (which he liked so much) were presented as bait used to lure the victims of his male lust. The series showed, as it were, that the writer had rehearsed, in his private space, the would-be crimes of his characters. The real, wellknown, Dostoevsky has remained outside the series. Viewers will not find his work on the novel The Possessed, the creative history of The Brothers Karamazov, the inauguration of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow, Dostoevsky’s Pushkin speech, his dramatic relations with Pobedonostsev, his friendship with S. A. Tolstaya (the widow of Alexei K. Tolstoy), the severe illness of his last days, his death, or his funeral, unprecedented in Russia.
Libros sobre el tema "Victims of crimes – France – Biography"
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Anderson, Black J. y Innes Brian, eds. Crimes and victims. Enderby, Leicester: BlitzEditions, 1992.
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Smyth, Frank. Crimes and victims. Enderby [England]: Abbeydale Press, 2003.
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Montalembert, Hugues de. Invisible: A memoir. New York: Atria Books, 2011.
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Jones, Mark R. South Carolina killers: Crimes of passion. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007.
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Saldana, Theresa. Beyond survival. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1987.
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Saldana, Theresa. Beyond survival. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1986.
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Wedgwood, Barbara. The demon inside. New York: Pocket Books, 1993.
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Chapman, Eunice. Presumed dead: The true story of an unsolved mystery : an autobiography. Salcombe: Aidan Ellis, 1998.
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Chapman, Eunice. Presumed dead: The true story of an unsolved mystery. Anstey: Thorpe, 1994.
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Jones, Mark R. South Carolina killers: Crimes of passion. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Victims of crimes – France – Biography"
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Pavoni, Riccardo. "A Plea for Legal Peace". En Remedies against Immunity?, 93–117. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_5.
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AbstractThis chapter advocates legal peace between Germany and Italy as the most sensible and appropriate way to deal with the aftermath of Sentenza 238/2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court and its declaration of the unconstitutionality of the 2012 International Court of Justice (ICJ) Judgment in Jurisdictional Immunities. This plea does not only arise from frustration with the current impasse but also from the suspicion that the public good of legal peace has never seriously been canvassed by the Italian and German governments. Section II takes stock of the legal developments relating to the dispute between Germany and Italy since Sentenza 238/2014 was delivered. It especially focuses on the attitudes of the governments concerned, both in the context of the ongoing proceedings before Italian courts and elsewhere. It finds such attitudes opaque and unduly dismissive of the necessity to devise legal peace in the interest of the victims and of the integrity of international law. Section III highlights how the behaviour of the governments so far was at odds with the successful outcome of other intergovernmental negotiations concerning reparations for crimes committed during World War II (WWII), a process which has not been entirely finalized, as evidenced by the 2014 Agreement between the US and France on compensation for the French railroad deportees who were excluded from prior French reparation programmes. The Agreement between the US and France and all previous similar arrangements were concluded under mounting pressure of litigation before domestic courts against those states (and/or their companies) that were responsible for unredressed WWII crimes, thus a situation resembling the current state of the dispute between Germany and Italy. It is telling that litigation ended when the courts took cognizance of the stipulation of intergovernmental agreements establishing fair mechanisms for compensating the plaintiffs and victims of the relevant crimes. Such practice, therefore, is essentially in line with the proposition that state immunity (for human rights violations) is essentially conditional on effective alternative remedies for the victims. This and other controversial aspects related to the law of state immunity—such as the nature of state immunity, the North American remedies against immunity for state sponsors of terrorism, and the persistent dynamism of pertinent practice—are revisited in section IV. The purpose is to suggest that certainty about the law of international immunities, as allegedly flowing from the 2012 ICJ Judgment, is more apparent than real and that this consideration should a fortiori urge the realization of legal peace in the German–Italian affair.
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"Guilty victims: social exclusion in contemporary France". En Biography and social exclusion in Europe, 41–60. Policy Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781847425607.ch003.
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Murard, Numa. "Guilty victims: social exclusion in contemporary France". En Biography and social exclusion in Europe, 41–60. Policy Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.56687/9781847425607-006.
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O'Mahony, Shane. "The Murder of Sophie Toscan du Plantier and Its Implications for the Study of Media and Crime". En Cases on Crimes, Investigations, and Media Coverage, 68–93. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9668-5.ch005.
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Criminologists have often highlighted how the news media tends to disseminate simplified and stigmatised narratives to represent violence against women. Furthermore, these narratives often interweave with class-based fears, sensationalism, and mythology. However, recently, several authors have begun to examine the potential of new media sources (podcasts, documentary series, social media) to subvert these narratives. Drawing on a case study examining the murder of Sophie Toscan du Plantier in West Cork, Ireland (December 1996), the current chapter examines the ways in which three recent new media examinations of the case subvert and reinforce these narratives. The chapter demonstrates that while the new media sources foreground the victim's biography and background, give voice to her family, and situate the case within broader social and political contexts, they also reinforce class-based stereotypes relating to deserving and undeserving victims and problematically focus on the mythical elements of the case for entertainment purposes.
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Dean, Carolyn J. "French Discourses on Exorbitant Jewish Memory". En Aversion and Erasure. Cornell University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801449444.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the general effort of French intellectuals after the 1980s to define victims and the experience of victimization in a new cultural context. Among many scholars and critics in France, Jews, the particularity of whose sufferings under the Vichy regime and in the Holocaust were only belatedly recognized, have been increasingly associated with victims and a hyperbolic rhetoric of victimization. The sustained attention paid in the last two decades both to Vichy's crimes against Jews and to the Holocaust itself in speeches, commemorative rituals, trials, and television shows led not only to an association of Jewish identity with collective injury, but also, to a French backlash against too much Jewish memory. French journalist and writer Nicolas Weill uses the term “Holocaust Fatigue” to describe the same phenomenon, and views it as the “probable cause” of public apathy when anti-Semitism allegedly resurged in France between 2000 and 2002.