Literatura académica sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Balemba, Samantha y Eric Beauregard. "What leads victims to resist? Factors that influence victim resistance in sexual assaults". Journal of Criminal Psychology 9, n.º 3 (5 de agosto de 2019): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-05-2019-0014.
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PurposeVictim resistance has been shown to have an important impact on the outcome of sexual assaults. Thus, the factors that affect a victim’s likelihood of various levels of resistance are relevant to consider, given the possibly detrimental effect these actions can have on crime outcome. While not intended to blame the victim in any way, it is important to examine the role the victim plays within a sexually coercive interchange in order to completely understand the sex crime event and, thus, be able to inform potential victims as to the patterns that increase resistance and, potentially, overall violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachSequential logistic regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 613 sex offenses (incorporating both adult and child victims) to examine the individual and combined effects of offender lifestyle, disinhibitors, victim vulnerability, situational impediments and offender modus operandi on victim resistance levels.FindingsResults suggest that indicators of offender mindset are significant, particularly the use of pornography prior to the crime, and affect victim interpretation and response to the offender’s actions during the course of the assault. Other relevant factors include the victim’s age and the degree of violence present in the offender’s approach and subsequent offending strategies.Originality/valueThis information would be helpful to incorporate into victim education programs so that past and future potential victims can better understand the criminal event and the causes and effects of their own actions within that event.
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Zhmurov, Dmitry V. "Victims of Cyberbullying: The Problem Status". Russian investigator 1 (12 de enero de 2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2023-1-45-50.
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This article is devoted to the victimological problems of cyberbullying. The key, in the author’s opinion, problematic issues arising in the study of this phenomenon are formulated. During the theoretical analysis of the works of domestic and foreign researchers, data on the prerequisites of cyberbullying are provided. The definition of the term “victim of cyberbullying” is given, the classification of victims of such actions is proposed. According to the nature of the victim’s responses, they are classified into two main groups (involved / uninvolved victims) and a number of subgroups, among which they differ: aggressive, avoidant, compromise, protective, submissive, auto-incriminating, ignoring and derealization victims. Depending on the degree of intensity of reactions of the victim of cyberbullying, it is proposed to distinguish the reacting and neglecting type of victim.
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Wahanani, Sri Tatmala, Ira Alia Maerani y Siti Ummu Adillah. "The Legal Analysis of Age Limitations of Child Victims on Criminal Actions in Justice Perspective". Law Development Journal 4, n.º 3 (17 de agosto de 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.4.3.416-422.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the impact of changes in the age limit of child victims, provisions for the age limit of child victims in Islamic law and age limits for victims of crimes of decency with justice. The approach method in this study uses a doctrinal research method (juridical normative) and a legal psychological approach method, with a descriptive analytical research specification. In collecting data used literature study method with qualitative data analysis. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the change in the age limit of child victims in positive law in Indonesia in 2002 from 15 (fifteen) to 18 (eighteen) years had an impact on increasing the number of cases of decency crimes. Even criminal acts of decency are dominated on the basis of reports from the parents of the victim's child who do not approve of the courtship (consensual) relationship between the victim's child and the perpetrator of the crime of decency. This has implications for the conscience of justice for law enforcement officers to demand or make decisions against the perpetrators, there is a sense of injustice, there is a sense of inadequacy when they have to demand or impose punishment, because actually the crime was also desired by the victim. So for the sake of realizing justice, the age of the child victim of 18 (eighteen) years needs to be reconsidered for revision or change.
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Yun, Ilhong y Julak Lee. "Revisiting the Effects of Self-Protective Behaviors on the Risk of Injury in Assaults Against Women". Violence and Victims 29, n.º 1 (2014): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00126.
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Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS; 1992–2005), we closely examined the effects of victims’ self-protective actions on the risk of injury among female nonsexual assault victims. Building on previous research, we focused on 3 important methodological and conceptual issues: (a) gradational coding of the 16 different NCVS self-protective actions, (b) separate analyses of serious injuries, and (c) the victim–offender relationship. Our analyses demonstrated that the risk of injury was strongly and positively associated with the degree of forcefulness of self-protective actions. Furthermore, the likelihood of victim injury was inversely related to the relational distance between the victim and the offender.
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Chankova, Dobrinka y Gergana Georgieva. "Towards Coherent European Crime Victims Policies and Practices". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0067.
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Abstract This study explores the latest developments on the European scale of the policies and practices towards victims of crime. Due to many economic and political factors a lot of people are in movement and exposed to the risk of becoming victims of crime. During the last decade the statistics already records enhanced victimization of the global European society. These have provoked numerous legislative actions and practical initiatives in order to ensure safety, to prevent falling victims to crime and to protect better victim’s rights and needs. The European Protection Order Directive, Victims’ Directive and Convention against domestic violence, are among the most advanced legal acts worldwide. However, it is observed that their implementation in Europe is asymmetric and sometimes problematic. This paper explores the role of the national governments and specialized agencies and mainly the deficits in their activities leading to the non-usage of victims of all the existing opportunities. The newest supra-national acts aiming at the acceleration of transposition and ratification of these important for the building of victim-friendly environment documents, are discussed. Practical recommendations for a more effective victim protection are developed.
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Björklund, Katja, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Lorraine Sheridan y Karl Roberts. "Coping With Stalking Among University Students". Violence and Victims 25, n.º 3 (junio de 2010): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.395.
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The present study examined behavioral coping actions and coping strategies in relation to specific contextual factors (e.g., victim–stalker relationship, stalking violence, duration of stalking, and prior victimization) among Finnish university students. Participants completed a stalking survey, also including items concerning coping. Victims of violent stalking threatened the stalker with the use of certain legal actions significantly more compared with victims of nonviolent stalking, but no difference in the actual use of formal help was found. Instead victims of stalking tried to avoid the stalker or turned to friends and family for help. Victim–stalker relationship, stalker violence, and number of stalking episodes had a significant main effect on certain coping strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal, escape–avoidance, and problem-solving), while no interaction effect was found. The findings suggest that knowledge of victim-coping behavior and strategies is crucial for health care and law enforcement professionals when devising appropriate support for victims and developing multidisciplinary approaches.
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Alam, Dippo. "DAMPAK TINDAK PIDANA CYBERBULLYING TERHADAP KORBAN DAN PELAKU DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF VIKTIMOLOGI DAN KRIMINOLOGI". SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, n.º 01 (25 de mayo de 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i01.1903.
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In Indonesia, almost everyone has a gadget or more specifically, a smart cellular phone that is connected to the internet network very easily. Cyberbullying is a way of bullying that involves sophisticated digital technology, which almost always uses the internet as a tool. Cyberbullying is characterized by aggressive behavior carried out by a person or several people using electronic media services including the internet, which is carried out continuously, where the target victim is someone who is considered weak or unable to fight back. The forms of cyberbullying are usually in the form of ridicule, insults, threats or intimidation. The perpetrators of cyberbullying have the motivation to take these actions in the form of anger and revenge, frustration, wanting to be the center of attention of the surrounding environment, mere entertainment, or even just joking with the victim. Victims of cyberbullying often experience a number of psychological problems to even think of committing suicide. The problems that arise are how severe the cyberbullying behavior is in damaging the victim's psychology and/or physical appearance from the perspective of victimology and how to mitigate cyberbullying and take action against the perpetrators from a criminological perspective. The author conducted a qualitative research in which this research is descriptive analytical. Victims of cyberbullying have committed suicide. If it turns out that cyberbullying is felt to be very worrying, then what needs to be done is to capture a screen display containing bullying carried out on social media, be it via a smartphone or computer, then report it to the police. Victims of cyberbullying should receive treatment from professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, even the police and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency. The author recommends appropriate punishment for perpetrators who openly cyberbullying in accordance with the ITE Law, because some of them do not regret and even enjoy their actions. Keywords: Cyberbullying, criminology, victimology
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Lubis, Alvan Rahfiansyah. "Victimology Review of Online Gambling Perpetrators in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Law". Arkus 8, n.º 2 (14 de marzo de 2022): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v8i2.182.
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Victimology is a science used to study victims. Following its meaning Victimology comes from the Latin word victima which means victim and logos which means scientific knowledge or study. The ease of access to gambling websites lures many people to try and get involved with online gambling. This study aims to discuss the victimization review of online gambling perpetrators from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law. This research is sociological legal research. Victimology in this regard is defined as a scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interaction between victims and the criminal justice system. In conclusion, gambling is not justified regardless of its form in terms of playing cards, lottery, or slot gambling. Everyone involved in gambling, whether as a bookie or a gambler, must face legal consequences related to his actions.
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Eleanora, Fransiska Novita. "REHABILITATION AND LEGAL ASSISTANCE: FULFILLING RIGHTS OF VICTIMS IN VIOLENCE HOUSEHOLD". Melayunesia Law 4, n.º 1 (26 de junio de 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30652/ml.v4i1.7753.
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Children as ideals and the generation a nation must always be protection of their rights, and such protection is obligation parties without exception and without discriminating against children, including children as victims domestic violence victims of violence as those suffer, are persecuted, sick, suffer losses due to perpetrators' actions. To heal the wounds or sufferings of victims to criminal acts of domestic violence with rehabilitation and legal assistance. Rehabilitation is carried the form recovery and treatment the condition his body can recover and return normal while legal assistance victim, as demanding perpetrators be given sanctions that are commensurate with their actions. The research method used the form normative research, this case by reviewing literature or books legislation relating to problem to examined. The aim is find out that providing rehabilitation and victim assistance is a form of legal protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of violence in household.
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Addington, Lynn A. y Janet L. Lauritsen. "Is the Trouble Still Going On? Exploring Victims’ Accounts of Why Repeat Violent and Property Victimization Ends". Violence and Victims 33, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2018): 1193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.33.6.1193.
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Programs designed to reduce repeat property victimization tend to be more successful than those aimed at repeat violence. To help understand this pattern, we examine narrative data about repeat victimization obtained from victims participating in the National Crime Victimization Survey. Victims report numerous reasons for the end of repeat property and violent incidents, though the modal response for both types of crime included victim-initiated actions taken to reduce contact with offenders. Victims of repeat violence also noted the importance of legal actions, especially for ending victimizations that involve intimate partners. We discuss how research that capitalizes on victims' perspectives can improve our understanding of how these incidents end and help inform programs seeking to reduce repeat victimization.
Tesis sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Weber, Valentin. "La pluralité de victimes en droit pénal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0312.
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La pluralité de victimes est une situation plutôt fréquente. Elle est pourtant souvent ignorée par le droit pénal qui a globalement été construit selon un schéma simple dans lequel la victime est unique. Il en découle que la pluralité de victimes constitue un élément de complexité qui invite à se demander si le droit pénal est suffisamment adapté à cette circonstance ou s’il peut l’être davantage. La question se pose alors essentiellement dans le cas où la pluralité de victimes est causée par un seul fait ce qui conduit à placer l’analyse sous l’égide de la règle ne bis in idem qui comprend deux dimensions distinctes. En droit pénal de fond, la règle exprime ainsi le principe de l’interdiction de punir un même fait plusieurs fois. Il en résulte que la pluralité de victimes est souvent indifférente. Pourtant, il est possible de penser qu’elle accroît parfois la culpabilité de l’individu qui commet une infraction à l’encontre de plusieurs personnes ce qui pourrait justifier de le punir plus sévèrement que s’il avait commis la même infraction contre une seule victime. Le but de la présente thèse est alors de montrer qu’une influence plus grande de la pluralité de victimes semble possible et de proposer un système inspiré de certaines législations pénales étrangères qui pourrait permettre de tenir davantage compte de cette circonstance et d’une façon qui paraît conforme à la règle ne bis in idem. En droit pénal procédural, la pluralité de victimes semble au contraire inviter à des solutions qui iraient au-delà de celles qui découlent actuellement de la règle ne bis in idem. En effet, la pluralité de victimes est notamment susceptible d’augmenter le risque de contradiction des décisions de justice rendues à propos d’un même fait en raison de la multiplicité des actions civiles individuelles possibles. La cohérence des décisions de justice semblerait alors pouvoir être davantage respectée en permettant notamment que les intérêts de la pluralité de victimes puissent être défendus dans le cadre d’une action de groupe pénaleMultiple victims is a rather common situation. However, it is often ignored by criminal law, which has generally been constructed according to a simple scheme in which the victim is unique. As a result, the plurality of victims constitutes an element of complexity that raises the question of whether the criminal law is sufficiently adapted to this circumstance or whether it could be more so. The question then arises essentially in the case where the plurality of victims is caused by a single act, which leads to placing the analysis under the aegis of the ne bis in idem rule, which has two distinct dimensions. In substantive criminal law, the rule thus expresses the principle of the prohibition of punishing the same act more than once. As a result, the plurality of victims is often irrelevant. However, it is possible to think that it sometimes increases the culpability of the individual who commits an offence against several people, which could justify punishing him more severely than if he had committed the same offence against a single victim. The aim of this thesis is therefore to show that a greater influence of the plurality of victims seems possible and to propose a system inspired by certain foreign criminal laws that could allow this circumstance to be more taken into account and in a way that seems to be in conformity with the ne bis in idem rule. In procedural criminal law, the plurality of victims seems, on the contrary, to invite solutions that would go beyond those that currently derive from the ne bis in idem rule. Indeed, the plurality of victims is likely to increase the risk of contradiction between judicial decisions rendered in relation to the same act because of the multiplicity of possible individual actions. The coherence of judicial decisions would then seem to be better respected by allowing the interests of multiple victims to be defended in the context of a criminal class action
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Gahler, Bianca. "The nature and effect of sexual sadistic actions on non-consenting female victims in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65551.
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Due to the inimitable and elusive nature of criminal sexual sadism, there is a paucity of research on the phenomenon compared to other sexual offences. The phenomenon has not yet received notable attention and is under-recognised worldwide. Sexual sadism therefore often remains a challenging phenomenon to investigate. No universal theoretical framework to explain the aetiology of sexual sadistic behaviour has yet been developed. The psychopathology of these offenders is thus widely unknown. Subsequently, there is a dearth of knowledge pertaining to the nature and effect of sexual sadistic actions on non-consenting female victims, particularly within a South African context. Accordingly, this study provides ground-breaking information regarding the nature of sexual sadism, the aetiology of sexual sadistic behaviour and the consequences of sexual sadistic actions on non-willing victims. The fact that the researcher was unable to identify any similar studies worldwide renders the research study of great importance.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Social Work and Criminology
MA
Unrestricted
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Aihio, Nelli. "Improving victim satisfaction in volume crime investigations : the role of police actions and victim characteristics". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1362/.
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Victim satisfaction plays a critical role in police-victim encounters. Satisfaction could affect victims’ willingness to co-operate and report future offences. This thesis explored several factors that affect victim satisfaction. As police conduct is guided by policies such as the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime, the thesis also investigated whether police emotional responses to victims had an effect on performing actions that are expected under the policy and also affect victim satisfaction. Overall, the thesis considered variables not often included in satisfaction research, victim vulnerability, introduced a new way for assessing victim distress, and explored psychological factors that could explain why certain police helping behaviours do not occur. Therefore, the thesis considers police-victim encounters as a system where both police and victim influence each other and added new ideas and evidence to the literature. The thesis reported results from four studies that utilised both quantitative and qualitative data and also, used longitudinal and experimental methods. Study 1 tested a model combining perceived police actions (updates, taking cases seriously, and offering practical help) and victim variables (reassurance and self-reported vulnerability) to predict victim satisfaction. The model predicted victim satisfaction with reassurance as the best predictor. Faster police response and more follow-up contact emerged as the most cited factors in burglary victims' responses to how police could improve their services. Study 2 explored victims' self-reported vulnerability and its relationship with demographics. It was concluded that no meaningful assumptions could be made about vulnerability based on demographic groups. Study 3 was longitudinal and identified a short assessment tool that could be used to predict victim distress post-victimisation. Study 4 explored police attributions, victim reactions towards the police, and the likelihood of police helping behaviours. Negative victim reactivity and negative emotion toward the victim was found to relate to the likelihood of helping behaviours such as contacting victims. The thesis results have implications for policy and practice in terms of providing evidence for the importance of victim policy compliance and proposes a review of vulnerability terminology in the criminal justice context to align an official definition with victim self-reports. The findings could also be used to benefit both the police in maintaining or improving satisfaction, and victims of crime as they proceed through the Criminal Justice system.
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N'dri, Maurice Kouadio. "Critical analysis of victims rights before international criminal justice". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7533_1183427953.
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History is regrettably replete with wars and dictatorial regimes that claimed the lives of millions of people. Most of the time the planners were not held accountable for their misdeeds. Fortunately in recent years the idea of people being prosecuted for mass atrocities was launched and debated. The purpose of this study was to propose avenues for promoting respect for victims rights. It examined the rationale of the victims reparation, its evolution, its denial and its rebirth. It canvass victims rights in domestic law especially in the civil law in comparison with international law. It proposed means whereby the international community may better address the issue of victims rights.
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Tadrous, Saoussane. "La place de la victime dans le procès pénal". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10042/document.
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Au fil du temps, la victime a acquis une place bien solide et dispose aujourd’hui d’un rôle considérable au sein du procès pénal. En effet, à l’exception de la phase de l’exécution des peines, la victime intervient effectivement dans le procès répressif en qualité de partie. De plus, la victime qui n’exerce normalement que l’action civile pour la réparation du préjudice subi par une infraction pénale s’immisce dans l’action publique au point de brouiller les frontières qui existaient auparavant entre l ’action privée et l’action publique. Il s’est produit un renouveau du sens du procès pénal, ses finalités ont été ébranlées, la réponse pénale s’est diversifiée et le rôle des acteurs par là-même modifié. L’étude des droits qui lui sont octroyés et du rôle qu’elle exerce au sein du procès répressif a révélé l’ambiguïté de son action. Il est donc apparu nécessaire de clarifier la place de la victime au sein du procès pénalAs time went on, the victim acquired a very solid place and has a considerable role within the criminal trial. Except for the phase of the execution of sentences, the victim actually intervenes in the repressive trial as a party. Furthermore, the victim who normally only exercises the civil action for the repair of the damages suffered by a criminal offense, interferes today in the « public action » to the point that blurs the borders which existed previously between the private action and the public action.The meaning of the criminal trial has therefore been renewed. Its finalities have been shaken, the criminal justice response has been diversified and even the role of the actors in the procedure have been modified. The study of the rights which are granted to the victim and the study of the role which the victim exercises within the repressive trial revealed the ambiguity of its action. It therefore seemed necessary to clarify the place of the victim within the criminal Trial
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Houedjissin, Mededode. "Les victimes devant les juridictions pénales internationales". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628543.
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La position des victimes sur la scène pénale internationale a considérablement évolué depuis la mise en place des tous premiers tribunaux militaires internationaux en 1945. Même si les victimes n'ont pas, à proprement parler, le statut de " partie " au procès pénal international, leur participation au procès est désormais une garantie, avec des droits substantiels. L'étendue de ces droits, aux différentes phases de la procédure, clarifie la manière dont les dispositions correspondantes du droit positif international sont interprétées par le juge pénal international. La fonction des victimes tient, dans un premier temps, davantage à " corroborer l'action publique " internationale qu'à pouvoir déclencher par elles-mêmes cette action destinée à établir la culpabilité ou non des personnes, objets du procès pénal international. Leur rôle se renforce finalement au moment de la présentation, par la voie subsidiaire d'intervention, des réclamations civiles, et plus largement de la recherche d'une pleine satisfaction ; moment au cours duquel les victimes deviennent de véritables " parties civiles " disposant pleinement de la capacité juridique internationale pour faire valoir leur droit. Ainsi, fort de leur action, les victimes paraissent dans une posture " double ", vindicative (répression) et réparatrice (indemnisation). L'objectif, visé et atteint, était donc de montrer quelle était aujourd'hui la place des victimes devant les juridictions pénales internationales.
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Wagner-Lapierre, Claudie-Émilie. "Justice endormie? : la prescription des actions en indemnisation des victimes d'agression sexuelle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29634.
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Le 23 mai 2013 marque l’entrée en vigueur de la Loi modifiant la Loi sur l’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels, visant à favoriser le civisme et certaines dispositions du Code civil relatives à la prescription. Cette loi a été édictée dans le but de mettre fin à une controverse entourant la prescription des actions en indemnisation des victimes d’agression sexuelle. Depuis nombre d’années, les groupes de défense des victimes d’agression sexuelle demandaient que le délai soit revu. Il était considéré comme trop court. Dans ce qui suit, nous allons nous pencher sur la prescription applicable aux actions en indemnisation pour agression sexuelle autant sous le Code civil du Bas Canada que sous le Code civil du Québec en mettant l’accent sur la notion d’impossibilité psychologique d’agir. Dans la première partie, cette notion sera examinée sous différents angles puisque des catégories se forment naturellement lorsque nous étudions la jurisprudence. Nous établirons le délai de prescription applicable à l’action suivant la date de la prise de conscience du lien entre l’agression sexuelle et les conséquences qui en découlent. S’agit-il de l’ancien délai de 3 ans ou du nouveau délai de 30 ans ? De plus, nous étudierons l’application du nouvel article 2926.1 C.c.Q. dans les premières causes où il a été soulevé. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous attacherons aux moyens qui ont été mis en oeuvre ailleurs dans le monde et principalement dans certains pays, comme la France, les États-Unis. Nous verrons aussi comment la prescription est abordée dans les autres provinces du Canada. Tout cela, afin de mieux répondre aux besoins des victimes d’agression sexuelle d’ici. Finalement, nous évaluerons si des modifications doivent être apportées chez nous. D’autre part, nous comptons, tout au long du mémoire, critiquer, lorsque requis, le droit en nous appuyant sur des études de psychologie qui ont tenu compte du vécu des victimes. En effet, nous avons fait un tour d’horizon non exhaustif des recherches de psychologie relatives à notre sujet.
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Olusegun, Adefolalu Adegoke. "Delayed disclosure of sexual violence incidents among victims in Newcastle, Kwazulu-Natal". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5849_1298535106.
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The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with reporting incidents of sexual violence after seventy-two hours at the sexual assault service centre in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal. This descriptive study was based on retrospective analysis of 534 medical records of victims of sexual violence at the Newcastle hospital between 2005 and 2009. A data collection sheet was designed to extract information from three sources namely: the victimsâ hospital files, J88 forms and specific hospital forms that were completed for sexual assault victims. The collected data were entered into and processed for analysis using EPI INFO statistical package. Frequencies, means and standard deviations were calculated for the data set. Test of significance was also done using the Chi-square test and presented using odds ratios with 95% CI and p-value of <
0.05. The victimsâ age range was 2-81years (mean= 18.84, &sigma
=13.25). Approximately 87% were female and 59.4% of the victims were aged 0-17 years. One in five victims (19.7%) was HIV positive, and most (74.4%) reported rape with vaginal penetration. Fifty-nine percent reported within 72 hours of being assaulted. The most common reason for delayed reporting (21.5%) was fear of the perpetrator. Most of the sexual assaults were committed by male (96%) and single perpetrator (90%). Nearly a third (32.4%) of the sexual violence occurred within intimate relationships and more than two-thirds (68%) knew the perpetrators. In all, 35% sustained injuries during the assault and a third (34.5%) reported the use of weapons during the assault. Nearly half of the victims (48.7%) were referred to hospital by their relatives who also accompanied them to the facility (42.1%). Of the 198 victims that were offered post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), 87% collected the full 28-day course.
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Castellon, Léa. "La place de la victime dans le procès pénal". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0097.
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La place de la victime au sein du procès pénal est complexe et ambiguë. En droit positif, la victime bénéficie désormais de droits et de moyens d'action dans le procès pénal qui lui garantissent un véritable rôle. Par exemple, comme le ministère public, la victime peut déclencher l'action publique et demander la réparation du préjudice subi. La victime n'est plus la grande oubliée du procès pénal, elle est devenue une partie à part entière. Toutefois, en dépit d'un renforcement manifeste du rôle de la victime dans le procès pénal, un déséquilibre des droits et des moyens d'action persiste entre les parties dans chaque étape de la procédure pénale. Une amélioration de la procédure pénale est donc toujours nécessaire pour sauvegarder les droits de la victime et empêcher celle-ci d’être injustement mise à l’écartThe place of the victim in the criminal trial is complicated and ambiguous. In current law, the victim enjoys rights and means of action in the criminal trial which guarantee her a real part. For example, as the prosecution, the victim can activate the public action and she can ask for the repair of her damage. The victim is not any more the forgotten of the criminal trial, she became a full part. However, in spite of an obvious strengthening of the part of the victim in the criminal trial, an imbalance of the rights and the means of action persists between the parts in every stage of the criminal procedure. The improvement of the procedural balance between the parts in the criminal trial has to continue not to put aside the victim
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Zoungrana, Mamounata Agnès. "La place de la victime dans le procès pénal, étude de droit comparé : droit burkinabé sous l'éclairage du droit international". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA006/document.
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Le droit international reconnaît deux droits fondamentaux aux victimes : le recours devant un tribunal et la réparation de leurs préjudices. Le recours devant un tribunal se décline en plusieurs droits : le droit d’accéder à un tribunal, le droit à l’information, le droit à l’avocat, le droit à être entendu dans la procédure. Le droit international recommande en outre, aux États de prendre des mesures pour assurer la protection des victimes et leur prise en charge. Au plan international, la création de la Cour pénale internationale et des juridictions communautaires participent,considérablement à la mise en oeuvre des droits reconnus aux victimes. Au niveau national, il existe une divergence de point de vue des législations des États, concernant le statut de la victime dans le procès pénal. Les pays de la Common Law reconnaissent généralement la victime comme témoin au procès pénal. Tandis que les pays de droit continental lui reconnaissent la qualité de partie civile. Cependant, la mise en oeuvre des droits des victimes reste une préoccupation importante dans tous les cas. Cette étude comparative laisse apparaître clairement que la place de la victime en droit burkinabé ne correspond pas à la dynamique de l’évolution entamée au plan international sur ce sujet. En effet, le Burkina Faso s’est doté, au lendemain de son indépendance, d’un Code de procédure pénale largement inspiré du droit français. Cependant, l’absence d’une véritable politique pénale prenant en compte les intérêts des victimes d’infraction limite la participation de ces dernières au procès pénal. La réparation des préjudices subis par les victimes n’est pas effective car l’auteur n’a pas souvent les moyens de payer et il n’existe pas de système d’indemnisation publique.L’absence d’alternatives au procès pénal classique est un autre point de faiblesse de la justice burkinabé. On retient également, une insuffisance des mesures visant à protéger les victimes. Quant à l’aide aux victimes, elle n’est pas assurée du fait de l’absence d’un programme étatique visant la prise en charge de leurs besoins. Du côté du milieu associatif, des initiatives existent, mais n’atteignent pas vraiment la grande majorité des victimes. Face à cette situation,nous avons jugé essentiel de proposer diverses pistes de solutions, parmi lesquelles les suivantes : le renforcement des droits des victimes dans les procédures classiques, l’amélioration du droit à la réparation des victimes, le recours à des programmes de justice restauratrice et la mise en place de mesures d’aide aux victimesInternational law recognizes two fundamental rights for victims: the right to a court and the right to compensation of any loss. The right to a court includes the right of access to a court, the right toinformation, the right to legal representation and the right to a hearing. International law also recommends that States take measures to ensure the protection and support of victims. At the international level, the establishment of the International Criminal Court and other international bodies made a considerable contribution to the implementation of victims’ rights. At the nationallevel, there is a divergence of views between the laws of the States concerning the status of the victim in the criminal trial. Common-law countries generally recognize the victim as a witness at the criminal trial, whereas continental law countries accord the victim civil-party status. However,implementation of the rights of victims remains a major concern in all cases. This comparative study clearly shows that the role of the victim in Burkina Faso law does not correspond to the dynamics of the evolution begun at the international level on this subject. Although, following independence, Burkina Faso adopted a code of criminal procedure largely inspired by French law,the lack of any real criminal policy taking into account the interests of victims of offences means they have only limited rights of participation at the criminal trial. Reparation of damage suffered by victims is not effective because offenders often do not have the means to pay and there is no system of public compensation. The absence of alternatives to the classical criminal trial is another weakness of the criminal-justice system in Burkina Faso, as is the lack of measures to protectvictims. Likewise, assistance for victims is not assured because of the absence of a State program to support their needs. While initiatives are taken by community organizations, they do not really reach the vast majority of the victims. In this situation, we have found it essential to propose various possible solutions, including: strengthening the rights of victims in the standard procedures, improving the right to reparation for victims, using restorative justice programs an dimplementing measures of assistance for victims
Libros sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Burrows, John. Burglary: Police actions and victim views. London: Home Office, 1986.
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Commission, European, ed. The European Union mine actions in the world: The European Union mine actions publication covers actions undertaken and supported by the 2002 budget. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003.
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Levush, Ruth. Compensation for victims of terrorist actions: Israel as a case study. [Washington, D.C.]: Law Library of Congress, 2002.
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Québec (Province). Groupe de travail sur les agressions à caractère sexuel. Les agressions sexuelles: STOP : des actions réalistes et réalisables : résumé. [Québec]: Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux, 1995.
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International humanitarian assistance: Disaster relief actions in international law and organization. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1985.
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Carter, Robert Allan. Incest and delayed discovery. Albany, N.Y: University of the State of New York, State Education Dept., Legislative and Governmental Services, New York State Library, 1991.
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United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime, ed. New directions from the field: Victims' rights and services for the 21st century : corrections. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime, 1998.
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United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime, ed. New directions from the field: Victims' rights and services for the 21st century : judiciary. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime, 1998.
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Samborski, Edward. Dochodzenie roszczeń cywilnych w procesie karnym. Warszawa: "LexisNexis", 2004.
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Cho, Sung-Yong. Die Akteneinsicht für den Verletzten: Ein Beitrag zur Konkretisierung des berechtigten Interesses des Verletzten ([Paragraph] 406 e StPO). Berlin: [s.n.], 2000.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Nursey-Bray, Melissa, Robert Palmer, Ann Marie Chischilly, Phil Rist y Lun Yin. "Indigenous Adaptation – Not Passive Victims". En Old Ways for New Days, 25–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97826-6_3.
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AbstractIndigenous peoples, despite being affected by climate change, are responding in diverse ways to implement various forms of adaptation. These adaptations build on ages old cultural knowledge and a historical tradition of responding to change. In this chapter, a range of these adaptations are presented, and we argue that Indigenous adaptation requires tailored and specific actions suitable to culturally identified places and peoples, both old and new. Further, we argue that Indigenous adaptation is not just a response to climate change but is part of wider responses engineered to also address the impacts of colonisation and other threats to Indigenous sovereignty. Far from being passive victims, Indigenous peoples are active in asserting their rights to a voice about how to address climate change, and as such we argue that old ways are the founding step for the cultivation of adaptations to meet socio-ecological and cultural responsibilities in these new days.
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Hu, Xiaochen, Xudong Zhang y Nicholas P. Lovrich. "Forecasting Identity Theft Victims: Analyzing Characteristics and Preventive Actions through Machine Learning Approaches". En The New Technology of Financial Crime, 183–212. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003258100-10.
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Coldstream, John. "Action". En Victim, 39–84. London: British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-711-8_4.
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Ciaburro, Giuseppe, Gino Iannace y Virginia Puyana-Romero. "Sentiment Analysis-Based Method to Prevent Cyber Bullying". En Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 721–35. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_73.
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AbstractCyberbullying is spreading in social networks frequented by young people. Its rapid spread is due to a series of specific preconditions due to the nature of the context within which the cyberbully finds himself operating. Anonymity, the absence of space-time limits, and the lack of responsibility of the individual are the strengths on which the actions of bullies are based. Automatically identifying acts of cyberbullying and social networks can help in setting up support policies for victims. In this study a method based on sentiment analysis is proposed with the use of recurrent neural networks for the prevention of cyberbullying acts in social networks.
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Gomez, Camilo Tamayo. "Understanding Victims’ Narratives as Actions of Social Disobedience in Transitional Justice Times: The Case of the Never Again Museum in Colombia". En Democratic Protests and New Forms of Collective Action, 103–15. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44049-6_9.
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Yoong, Melissa. "(De)legitimation Strategies in the Media Statements of Women’s Rights Organisations". En Discursive Approaches to Politics in Malaysia, 185–205. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5334-7_10.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the (de)legitimation strategies that women’s movement organisations in Malaysia use to advance their policy and issue demands. Sustained pressure from activists has been important to get the state to implement reforms to improve women’s rights in this country. One of the frequent means by which they delegitimise the decisions and practices of the state and claim legitimacy for their own change agendas is through media statements which are widely published and reported in the mainstream press. This case study explores the strategies employed in English language media statements released by the Joint Action Group for Gender Equality, the Women’s Aid Organisation, and the All Women’s Action Society. More specifically, it focuses on statements pertaining to one of the key areas that the groups advocate, namely women’s right to safe, healthy, and gainful employment. Using frameworks on discursive (de)legitimation and social actor representation, this chapter examines the various ways the organisations frame and assess legislation, policies, and political actions that impact the experiences and livelihood of working women. It distinguishes and analyses four main (de)legitimation strategies used in the press statements, which are (de)legitimation through authorisation, rationalisation, discourses of nation-building and discourses of women as victims. The chapter argues that these devices may be effective in shaping public opinion and gender governance outcomes if they are perceived as representing or promoting national interests but potentially constrained by culturally dominant discourses that marginalise feminist ways of thinking.
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Goltermann, Svenja. "Efforts in International Law". En Victims, 51–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897725.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the impact of international law on shifting perceptions of who constitutes a victim. It argues that the figure of the victim served as a rationale for various political actions. It was also instrumentalized for propaganda purposes, as the example of the Nazis shows. The chapter contends, first of all, that the emergence of the victim figure was linked to changing perceptions of legitimate and illegitimate violence. These shifts were linked to medical knowledge, new legal concepts, and the subsequent establishment of international legal norms that sought to “humanize” warfare during the latter half of the 19th century. Second, the chapter highlights the way in which changing knowledge of international law gradually transformed the discourse around violence and what was classified as an unlawful act of war or war crime. Referring to individuals as victims in public and political discourse became increasingly common; the victim became a symbol of acts of illegitimate violence. However, the shift in perceptions of legitimate and illegitimate violence was uneven. Rooted in racist concepts of difference, colonial violence was largely exempted from these efforts to “humanize” modern warfare. Finally, the chapter highlights the historical roots of contemporary fact-finding commissions: as international regulations on warfare became codified, fact-finding commissions to investigate violations of international law gained salience.
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Fletcher, George P. "Victims and Offenders". En The Grammar of Criminal Law, 123–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903572.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the role of victims and offenders in criminal cases. The victim is invisible in the definition of crime but omnipresent in the prosecution and sentencing of offenders. In the international legal order, in particular, the victim is front and center, both in the International Criminal Court (ICC) and in lawsuits under the Alien Torts Claim Act. Crime is typically defined by the actions of the offender, and the victim is an incidental consequence. There are many victimless crimes, such as those in the sexual and reproductive arena, which in the United States at least are no longer subject to prosecution on constitutional grounds. The argument for decriminalization is the privacy of the offender, but privacy of the victim can, paradoxically, become an argument for criminalization under the right to a private life codified in the European Convention on Human Rights. The chapter also looks at the duality of victimhood.
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Rae, Gavin. "Remembering the Victims". En Evil in the Western Philosophical Tradition, 286–318. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445320.003.0014.
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This chapter engages with Claudia Card claim that we can only ever understand evil by focusing on its victims to insist that evils are reasonably foreseeable intolerable harms produced by inexcusable wrongs. From this, the chapter identifies that her analysis works on two distinct, but related, levels: Conceptually speaking, Card maintains that good and evil are distinct, but evil is distinguished from lesser wrongs, and all are defined by degrees. Experientially speaking, she recognises that agents often find themselves in situations that require actions that are not clearly good or evil. She develops this through Primo Levi’s notion of ‘grey zones,’ which entail the creation of extremely stressful spaces or relationships wherein victims become perpetrators of evil against other victims. This brings her analysis into the socio-political realm, and so is reminiscence of Arendt’s approach, while, by linking grey zones to diabolical evil, she departs from Kant’s rejection of the latter form of evil: for Card, there is an absolute, diabolical form of evil entailing evil done for its own sake. In positing this notion, she returns us to an absolute conception of evil that had long been downplayed by secular theories of evil.
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Witting, Christian. "27. Principles of Compensation for Personal Injuries and Associated Losses". En Street on Torts. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198700944.003.0027.
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This chapter examines the principles of awards and damages for personal injuries and associated losses in tort law. It explains that damages are available to both surviving tort victims and to deceased estates. The personal injury damages available to living claimants include those for pecuniary losses and non-pecuniary losses, while for instances where the tort victim has died there are survival actions provided by the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934 and another that treats the victim’s very death as the basis of the claim which is provided for by the Fatal Accidents Act 1976. This chapter also considers various alternative sources of compensation.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Ristova, Olja. "SECUNDARY VICTIMIZATION OF VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN JUDICIAL PROSEEDINGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA". En SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p21.
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One of the basic principles judicial authorities should adhere to when dealing with human trafficking victims is refraining from secondary victimization. Considering that secondary victimization is an exacerbation of primary victimization through inadequate or even erroneous reaction by law enforcement agencies, analysis of the degree of secondary victimization of human trafficking victims in court proceedings is of great importance when evaluating the sensitivity of the actions of judicial authorities. The research conducts both quantitative and qualitative analysis of all twelve final judgments in criminal proceedings in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period from 2015 to 2020. The quantitative analysis provides data on the frequency of victims and number of times the victim was heard in these court proceedings. It further analyses the victim’s distributions by gender, ethnicity and age. The qualitative research focuses on the written explanations of the verdicts. More specifically, it analyzes whether the change of the procedural law and the level of expertise and professionalism of the judges, prosecutors and lawyers in the application of special measures for procedural protection of victims has an impact on secondary victimization in court proceedings. The paper concludes that the main reason for the existence of secondary victimization is the insufficient expertise, professionalism and education of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, which is reflected in the lack of legal provisions practice of special protective measures for the victims. Key words: secondary victimization, victims of human trafficking, criminal proceedings, special protective measures.
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McMain, Emma. "Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Describe Bystander Actions That Calm Victims' Emotions and Amplify Victims' Anger". En 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1442754.
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Saldanha, Ana Beatriz dos Santos, Hellen Vieira Gomes, Maria Erica Barbosa de Paula, Marcos Wendell Nascimento Matos, Rebeca Ximenes de Moura, Sara Regina Alves de Castro Morais y Larissa Nadally da Conceição Feitoza. "Combating child sexual abuse and exploitation: an experience report". En III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-223.
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The violation of sexual rights, which involves the abuse or exploitation of minors' sexuality or bodies, is called sexual violence (BRASIL, 1988). Although many associate sexual violence with the sexual act itself, it actually encompasses a much wider range of actions that can result in traumatic experiences for children and adolescents. Regardless of the form it takes, the impact of child sexual violence is devastating (BRASIL, 2000). Between 2011 and 2017, the Brazilian public health system recorded 184,524 incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against children and adolescents across the country. The epidemiological analysis of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil, released by the federal government the previous year, presented the profile of these notifications which revealed that 70% of the assaults took place in the victim's home and 80% of the aggressors were male. In addition, 64% of the victims had some kind of relationship or friendship with the aggressor (BRASIL, 2018). The year 2020 reported more than 60,000 cases of rape in Brazil, with a worrying 73.7% of victims unable to provide consent as a result of their vulnerable state, and 86.9% of these victims being female (BRASIL, 2021).
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Palatuwa, Ishara. "Intimate Partner Violence: A problem without a Proper Solution". En SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/dprj9022.
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In many countries across the world, intimate partner violence is a widespread occurrence. However, there is a distinction in how each jurisdiction has sought to combat it. Different countries have adopted methods to offer victims of IPV urgent remedies so that they do not have to return to an environment where the abuser dwells or, in some situations, restrict the abuser's access. Some nations have even gone so far as to safeguard their children who may be subjected to such abuse. The present study will look at the background of Sri Lanka and how the Sri Lankan government has created mechanisms to guarantee that victims of IPV are safeguarded as soon as they have been abused. The research intends to provide a comparative review of how other jurisdictions have dealt with the issue before concluding with suggestions for the setting of Sri Lanka. It was identified that there are potential actions that can be taken by Sri Lanka such as providing protection under the Victims and Witness Protection scheme and expanding the existing injunction relief to ensure the protection of victims. Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence; immediate action; Domestic Violence; Sri Lanka
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Dias, Marcella Bonifácio Lelles y Michelle Araújo Moreira. "Network to confront violence against women: action strategies and social representations of the multidisciplinary team". En III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-193.
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Violence against women is multidimensional and considered a serious public health problem. To this end, it is necessary to act as the Network to Combat Violence against Women, consisting of the community and services in the areas of health, security, justice, education, social assistance, among others, which act in an articulated way for the integral care of the victims. The objective of the research was to analyze the performance and social representations of the multidisciplinary team that makes up the Network to Confront Violence against Women. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research based on the Theory of Social Representations and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Santa Cruz under opinion No. 5,648,111. The study sites were 12 institutions that make up the Network to Combat Violence against Women in a municipality in the South of Bahia. The participants were 12 professionals, managers and/or responsible for the institutions, composing the multidisciplinary team. Data collection took place in remote and face-to-face mode, between November 2022 and February 2023, through semi-structured interviews and data analysis was done using the thematic content technique proposed by Bardin. It was evidenced that the strategies of action are based on welcoming and listening, at which time the referrals related to protection, housing, food, exams and medications, depending on the condition of the victim and his family, are directed. With regard to justice and safety of victims, the actions are related to accompanying the women to make the complaints, executing the round, issuing and supervising the emergency protective measures. In turn, social representations are anchored in positive symbologies such as continuous support for victims and also negative, due to the lack of resources, some essential services and the need for articulation and qualified professionals.
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Алексеева, Надежда Григорьевна y Вадим Сагитьянович Латыпов. "FEATURES OF REGULATORY REGULATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS IN RELATION TO MINOR VICTIMS AND WITNESSES". En Перспективные научные исследования молодых ученых. Теория и практика: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Тюмень, Июнь 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230628.2023.36.57.002.
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В статье рассмотрены особенности нормативного регулирования процедуры производства следственных действий с участием несовершеннолетних потерпевших и свидетелей. The article discusses the features of the regulatory regulation of the procedure for the production of investigative actions with the participation of minor victims and witnesses.
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Ekroth, Gunnel. "What we would like the bones to tell us: a sacrificial wish list". En Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-04.
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Animal bones comprise the only category of evidence for Greek cult which is constantly significantly increasing. The use of ever more sophisticated excavation methods demonstrates the importance of zooarchaeological material for the study of Greek religion and how such material can throw light on texts, inscriptions and images, as the animal bones constitute remains of actual ritual actions and not mere descriptions or representations of these actions. This paper outlines some areas where the zooarchaeological evidence may be of particular pertinence, for example, in elucidating the complex and idiosyncratic religious terminology of shares of sacrificial victims mentioned in sacred laws and sacrificial calendars, or in providing a context for a better understanding of the representations of animal parts on Attic vases. The role of meat within ancient Greek society, the choice of sacrificial victims and the handling of “non-sacrificable” animals such as game, dogs and equids within Greek cult can also be clarified by comparisons with the animal remains.
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Nurbayani, Siti, Rika Sartika, Sri Wahyuni y Tresna Rahayu. "Dualism of Digital Society’s Acceptance of Spill The Tea Actions of Victims of Sexual Violence". En Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2022, 28 October 2022, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2326397.
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Vitkovska, Inna. "Financial assistance to victims of war and internally displaced persons". En Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.161.
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Background: the author's analysis of the website of the Ministry of Social Policy, the websites of public and charitable organizations allowed us to conclude that the main trends and directions of their work after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine include: an increase in the number of public, charitable organizations, volunteer headquarters, which are oriented to help the army, to internally displaced persons, centers for displaced persons and victims of war, payment of monetary aid and assistance with evacuation to safe places in Ukraine or abroad. Purpose: describe the main international and domestic non-governmental organizations that provided financial assistance to war victims and internally displaced persons. Methods: method of content analysis of websites. Results: the number of internally displaced persons increased from 1.5 million in 2014 to 7.1 million in 2022. During 2022-2023, millions of internally displaced persons received and continue to receive monthly cash assistance for living from the state, free social services, humanitarian and food aid, etc. In addition, Ukrainians affected by military actions and internally displaced persons received and continue to receive financial assistance from international and domestic non-governmental organizations. Conclusion: the author's analysis is only one attempt to generalize the providers of monetary assistance to war victims and internally displaced persons in wartime conditions and, of course, is not exhaustive. We can conclude that financial aid from international and domestic organizations plays an important role in supporting Ukrainians who have fallen into a difficult life situation. Keywords: charitable organizations, internally displaced persons, monetary assistance, nongovernmental organizations.
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Khan Mohd, Tauheed, Vuong Nguyen, Trang Hoang, P. M. Zeyede y Beamlak Abdisa. "Performance and Efficiency Assessment of Drone in Search and Rescue Operation". En 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (CAIML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121201.
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With the development of technology, human beings have successfully predicted and prevented the damage caused by natural disasters. However, due to climate change, society has witnessed the rising actions of forest fire, earthquake, tsunami, etc., and there are many which people cannot prevent, and the level of dangerous situations are increasing rapidly for the Search and Rescue (SAR) operation. Not to mention, more and more people are turning their attention and hobbies to exploring wilderness where they might get lost or, worse, get injured. For that reason, to raise the chance of survival for the victims and reduce the risk for the search team, the use of Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been proposed. The plan is the headquarters will deploy a fleet of drones to get into the areas where human cannot enter easily and then report the situations as well as the condition of the victims with images and videos. In most research papers, it seems very promising; however, there is still much work that needs to be done. In this paper, some of the features which included for future researches are which algorithm is the most optimal, what standard structure should be used for the drones so it can complete the missions under any kind of circumstances, and how to set up a communication line that guaranty the effective to reduce the level of miscommunication.
Informes sobre el tema "Victims' actions"
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Melton, Patricia A. Enacting an Improved Response to Sexual Assault: A Criminal Justice Practitioner’s Guide. RTI Press, julio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0066.2007.
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Sexual assault is a violent crime that traumatizes individual victims and endangers entire communities. Every victim of sexual assault deserves an opportunity for justice and access to the resources they need to recover from this trauma. In addition, many perpetrators of sexual assaults are serial offenders who also commit other violent crimes, including armed robberies, aggravated assaults, burglary, domestic violence, and homicides, against strangers and acquaintances. Criminal justice agencies have the power to create a strategic, sustainable plan for an improved response to sexual assault that aligns with current best practices and national recommendations. In this document, we define an “improved response” as an approach that supports effective investigation and prosecution of sexual assault cases, holds perpetrators accountable, and promotes healing and recovery for victims of sexual assault. This guide will help prosecutor and law enforcement agencies create a process with milestones, goals, and suggested actions, all designed to support a successful and sustainable approach for addressing sexual assault cases. Improving the criminal justice system’s response to sexual assault ultimately improves public safety and promotes trust between criminal justice agencies and the communities they serve.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), octubre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.140.
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This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.
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Sierra, Ricardo y Inder J. Ruprah. Mothers Are Right: Eat Your Vegetables And Keep Away From The Girls (Boys): Bullying Victimization Profile in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008446.
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About 29 percent of teenagers are bullied at school in the Caribbean. Victims of bullying are more lonely, sleep less, and have fewer friends than do their nonbullied peers. Although victims of bullying eat more frequently at fast food restaurants, they also experience more periods of hunger than do nonbullied children. Acting out with the goal of being considered a "cool" teenager does not work; even if adolescents frequently smoke cigarettes, bullies may still intimidate and harass them. The opposite is true for virgins. Good parenting can, however, make a difference in preventing a child from being a victim of bullying. Growing international evidence has shown that school-based programs can reduce the prevalence of bullying and that bullying has long-term negative consequences into adult life (for both bullies and victims).
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Brookes, Naomi, Jacqui Glass, Armando Castro, Giorgio Locatelli y Gloria Oliomogbe. Eliminating modern slavery from projects. Association for Project Management, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61175/qpho6169.
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Modern slavery involves the recruitment, movement, harbouring or receiving of people through any means for the purpose of exploitation. It is an extensive problem and one that causes immense human suffering. International Labour Organization figures suggest that there are 24 million victims of modern slavery or forced labour around the world at any one time, with a substantial proportion of these working on project-related activities. Modern slavery causes reputational risk to organisations from the perspective of customers and investors. In the UK, it is now subject to specific legislation. The damage and costs of legal action and compensation to victims of modern slavery can be crippling. Projects are particularly susceptible to modern slavery as they have complex flows of materials and labour that need to be constantly reinvented for each unique project context.
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Rodríguez Burgos, Ojel L. Necessity Has Triumphed over Desire. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, septiembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582004.
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Liberalism is the political doctrine that built and dominates our modern world; yet the liberalism of desire that fostered the construction of this world has been transformed into a liberalism of necessity—a liberalism that constructs politics as a dichotomy between oppressors and victims. This kind of politics requires the power of the State to save individuals from victimhood; however, only the individual acting freely can mitigate their suffering.
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Sripad, Pooja. Exploring barriers and enablers of service provision for survivors of human trafficking in the Bay Area: An action research study. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1067.
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Despite increasing recognition of public health and rights issues associated with human trafficking globally and in the United States following the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, there has been limited research on how to systematically strengthen service access for survivors of sex and labor trafficking. The experience of service providers may provide insight into how trafficking survivor responses and service networks function in California’s Bay Area. This study explores provider perspectives on existing service networks and collaboration dynamics, including the barriers to and enablers of long-term service provision and survivor follow-up. A participatory research design included qualitative interviews with key informants working at nongovernmental organizations, organizational website reviews, and consultation with network service providers in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area. This study approach allowed for eliciting in-depth reflections of service provision, collective generation of stakeholder mapping, and consensus-driven recommendations arising from barriers and enablers to anti-trafficking service provision. This report enhances stakeholder awareness of existing organizational and policy resources and offers insights into research and programming on how anti-trafficking service response networks can be strengthened to provide survivor-centric support in the long-term.
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Jones, Cat y Clare Lally. Prison population growth: drivers, implications and policy considerations. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, enero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pb58.
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England and Wales have the highest per capita prison population in Western Europe. In October 2023, over 88,000 people were imprisoned, in an estate with a maximum capacity of 88,890. This was the highest number recorded. 94% of people in prison are adult men and the adult male prison estate is almost full. The prison estate is operating at 99% of its usable operational capacity and over 60% of prisons are overcrowded. Drivers of the current prison population growth include changes in sentencing policy (including increased sentence lengths). Other factors include remand, recall, reoffending and policing. The number of people given immediate custodial sentences has fallen from 98,044 in 2012, to 67,812 in 2022. This suggests that the prison population increase is not driven by more convictions. Nearing capacity can have negative implications for the safe operation of prisons, and for the health, wellbeing and rehabilitation of people in prison. Government action to avoid exceeding capacity includes expanding the prison estate and releasing some prisoners up to 18 days early. As of December 2023, three relevant bills are progressing through Parliament: the Sentencing Bill 2023, the Criminal Justice Bill 2023, and the Victims and Prisoners Bill 2023. Each contains a range of measures, with some likely to reduce the prison population and others likely to increase it. Various stakeholders have proposed additional policy options, such as the greater use of non-custodial sentences, and interventions to reduce the remand and recall populations. Some experts in this field have highlighted the role of public opinion in relation to sentencing policy and the relationship between prisons and the wider justice system. Evidence suggests that the public generally overestimate crime rates and underestimate sentence lengths, and that better-informed members of the public are less likely to view sentences as lenient. More high-quality research is needed to better understand the drivers of increased sentence length and to evaluate health and rehabilitation programmes in the prison context.
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Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, noviembre de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.
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The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.
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The adverse health and social outcomes of sexual coercion: Experiences of young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1009.
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Although evidence from developing countries is limited, what is available suggests that significant numbers of young women have experienced coercive sex. Studies in diverse settings in Africa, Asia, and Latin America reveal that forced sexual initiation and experiences are not uncommon in all of these settings. Many young victims of abuse fear disclosure as they feel they may be blamed for provoking the incident or stigmatized for having experienced it, and suffer such incidents in silence. Presentations at a meeting held in New Delhi in September 2003 highlighted findings from recent studies that suggest an association between early experiences of sexual violence and a range of adverse physical and mental health and social outcomes. Given that data on the consequences of nonconsensual sex are limited and restricted to a few geographical settings, the scale of the problem and its implications for policies and programs are yet to be established. As noted in this document, presentations at the New Delhi meeting highlighted the need for urgent programmatic action to address young people’s vulnerability to coercive sex and its possible far-reaching consequences.
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Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1007.
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Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.