Tesis sobre el tema "Victimes de guerre – Mémoire collective"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Victimes de guerre – Mémoire collective".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Reimbold, Emmanuelle. "Épreuves de la reconnaissance : stratégies, solidarité et concurrence des victimes de la Grande Guerre (1914-1930)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H062.
Texto completoThis thesis work focuses on the construction of an unofficial hierarchy on the war victims during World War I and then during the 1920’s. In fact, while some categories of victims such as the war-disabled maintain their notoriety or gain recognition like the veterans, others are neglected like the indigenous soldiers from the French colonial empire. This ranking results from choices which keep evolving from 1914 till 1930. This thesis aims at identifying the reasons for these sorts, the processes at work and the instigators of this selective political use of memory. The main sources used for the writing of this thesis are the following Journal officiel and two journals of the war victims themselves Journal des mutilés et réformés and La Voix du combattant. All of these sources illustrate this construction and throw light on the motivations which justify these choices. Journal officiel documents various forms of recognition and reparation granted to the victims and specifies the distinctions made according to the interests of the French State. As for the journals of the war victims, they develop arguments to defend the cause of the war victims and also integrate some differences. This constrains the neglected categories to modify their arguments in order either to be heard or to accept their invisibilization. The journals thus reveal the complexity of the relationships the war victims maintain. They either mix and help one another or ignore one another. All of these writings feed the construction of the memory of the war and designate its most worthy representatives. They also reflect the power and representation issues and in doing so, points out the interests of the persons who can make choices. However, this hierarchy is not intangible. The invaded regions and their population which were neglected during the French debates, constitutes a fundamental argument throughout the international negociations. The reparations granted to the indigenous soldiers differ depending on the colony, according to the necessities of the colonial authorities. The hierarchical ordrer thus varies depending on the discussion arena as well as on the interests at stake
Jouhanneau, Cécile. "La résistance des témoins : mémoires de guerre, nationalisme et vie quotidienne en Bosnie-Herzégovine (1992-2010)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0040.
Texto completoIn order to grasp the social and political dynamics at play in the aftermath of a conflict, this research investigates the memories of the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Drawing on Halbwach’s sociology of memory, social movement theory and the sociology of international relations, it scrutinizes the social conditions for the communication of memories of war camp detention. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and on a large corpus of press archives, judicial testimonies and memoirs, this work questions the widespread view of Bosnian war memories as being divided along ethnonational lines. It first delineates a process of nationalist politicization of public narratives of detention in the 1990s. The international judiciarization of the conflict paradoxically contributed to Bosnian politicians’ and activists’ construction of camp detainees as the epitome of the war witness. However, by moving the focus of analysis to the local level, this research signals the limits of the nationalist politicization of war memories. Former camp detainees do not monolithically reproduce antagonistic interpretations of the war as a genocide or a civil war. Moreover, even though they are imposed a national “duty to testify”, individuals also negotiate with local norms of civility in their face-to-face interactions. Far from waging an ethnonational “memory war”, former camp detainees resort to everyday practices of discretion and avoidance of politicized matters. This research therefore pleads for an understanding of post-war societies that does not only focus on nationalist politics and international peacebuilding interventions, but also on war-affected local practices of civility
Cassam-Chenaï, Arnaud. "Représentations et réception des films sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale en France à la Libération (1944-1950) : la concurrence des victimes". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30023.
Texto completoIn the immediate aftermath of the French liberation, theaters across the country began to project movies centered around the recent conflict. Between 1944 and 1950, World War II was the central theme of more than 302 films. However, these films came from different countries; they were not produced at the exact same time; they did not depict the conflict through the same angle; and more importantly, they did not cover the same class of war victims. Wide differences exist between a French chronicle of the Occupation and a U.S. war movie, a depiction of the homecoming of Italian prisoners and the story of soviet resistance or a narration of British citizens’ everyday life during the war. At the time, the response of the French audience and critics to these diverse movie releases varied greatly too. By studying these movies and their reception at the time of their releases, the present study informs our understanding of the emergence of the French mythology surrounding this major conflict. In three chapters, I analyze the cinematographic depictions of various groups of war victims in movies of this era, as well as the audience and critics’ response at the time. In the first chapter, I describe the theoretical underpinnings of the cinema history, as well as the narration of World War II as presented by these movies, using statistics specifically collected for this study. The two following chapters offer a series of representative case studies. I first focus on different groups of victims actively involved in the conflict: militaries on and off the front-lines, members of the resistance, and spies and assimilated individuals. I then study the non-fighting victims: civilians under the occupation, civilians living in the free zone, homecoming prisoners, members of the Jewish community and other victims of antisemitism, and finally, the children
Mirman, Yves. "Des engagements à l'épreuve du temps : la cause des disparus au Liban, 2011-2018". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0030.
Texto completoThis thesis describes commitments to the cause of the disappeared in Lebanon, disappearances (kidnapping, murder, detention) occurred during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1989) and the military occupations that followed. Some families of missing persons, mostly women, have been publicly committed since the 1980s to finding them, to designate responsibilities, to have their own rights heard. They allied with various actors, and their mobilizations have been embedded in the political space, where few policies focus on post-conflit resolution. These activists have forged a common cause over the years despite the fragmentation of the cases, their parents’ intimate problems and the political constraints for their struggle. The shrinking number of activists did not kill the cause but the test of time has transformed the logics of collective action. Through legal tools, memorial work and “sensitizing devices”, they sought to raise public awareness on their suffering, but also to fight against forgetfulness about the conflict and to obtain justice. Observing their activities and their testimonies between 2011 and 2018 enabled measurement of the effects of their action on their cause and on their commitment. Their telling the story of past crimes through the formulation of a problem of general amnesia did not always enabled a clear designation of responsible parties. The public remembrance of the disappeared and the legal proceedings brought by their cause-lawyers have both given rise to emotional and strategic dilemmas. In the light of the study of these mobilizations, I eventually intend in this thesis to contribute to a sociology of post-conflict politics in Lebanon
Delacroix, Dorothée. "Ethnographie des mémoires de la guerre au Pérou (1980-2000) : vivants, morts et souffrants dans les communautés paysannes andines". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20114.
Texto completoThis work examines the multidimensional nature of the memory process that took place following Peru's internal armed conflict (1980-2000). It highlights the fluidity of the status of victimhood, which varies according to the social context of enunciation and the type of discourse to which it corresponds. The perspective of human right activists regarding Andean peasants, the main victims of the war, is compared with the manners in which these people see themselves and their place in national society. The first axis of this work is an analysis of the modalities and the political, social and economic stakes involved in the collective commemorations around El Ojo que Llora (The Eye that Cries), a monument to the dead erected in Lima, and then reproduced in an Andean peasant community. The attention placed on conceptions of the individual then leads to the second section that addresses the complexity of individual experiences’ of the war and the relationship to the world of those who survived. The shift from the public sphere to an ethnography of people among themselves allows for an emphasis on the important role of everyday relationships between neighbors, and other people linked to those who died during the conflict, in the construction of memory in Apurimac peasant communities. The etiology of some illnesses, noticeably, constitutes an alternative language that allows for talk about the war and its protagonists without explicit reference to them. Thus, the living, the dead and the suffering appear as other structuring figures of this research that shifts between what is said and left unsaid
Ghozlan, Eric. "Traumatisme psychique individuel et traumatisme psychique collectif. La théorie psychanalytique à l’épreuve du réel de l'effraction traumatique : trauma et attentat, trauma et guerre, trauma et catastrophe naturelle, trauma et Shoah". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7014.
Texto completoThe question of psychic traumatism is consubstantial of the discovery of the unconscious freudian.This original theory, radically reshaped by the conceptual contribution of fantasy and oedipal complex theory has left its mark on current conceptions of psychotraumatism. Indeed, do we not find, in the theories of debriefing psychological the idea of a necessary abreaction with therapeutic effects through the magic of speech?The psychic intrusion as a metaphor of an intrusion/delinking of the impulsive economy of the psychic apparatus appears to us fertile in the field of exploration of psychotrauma which we propose to carry out through diversified clinical experiments relating to the collection of testimonies of survivors of the Shoah, or work on writing about trauma, but also from three expert fact-finding missions we have carried out for the humanitarian NGO Médecins du Monde (earthquake in Armenia (1989), terrorist attacks in Israel (2000-2002) or the context of war targeting civilians in Israel (2006).To these four parts dotted with clinical cases which each time are a call to question the theory, we engage a discussion on the theories of trauma and to open this work towards other perspectives, we question the so essential dimensions of testimony and transmission in its report to the memory of the traumatic event.Finally, we propose to transpose the Israeli model of caring for victims of terrorism and organizing care and therapeutic efficiency after the attacks in France (2012/2015-2016) through the creation of a Psychotrauma and Resilience Care Unit within the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) .Throughout this work, we address the issue of psychic trauma in its three dimensions, individual and collective, intentional or accidental, unique or repeated, by questioning psychoanalytical theory and its central conceptualization in the understanding of the phenomenon.On the Theoretical level we present a re-reading of compassion fatigue from a psychodynamic point of view through the conceptual detour of transference, counter-transference,Kleinian projective identification and Ferenczian introjection to arrive at this proposition which is part of the filiation of the Freudian corpus that we have named, traumatic neurosis of counter-transference and identification with the agressed
Kubler, Anne. "La mémoire de la deuxième guerre punique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010659.
Texto completoDuring the Second Punic War, Rome and Carthage confront each other for the hegemony of the western part of the Mediterranean from 219/218 to 201 BC. This war was remembered throughout the centuries in the writings of the Antiquity. The study of the memory of the Second Punic War during the Antiquity consists to analyze the operation of this « collective memory », to identify its uses and abuses. To reach this objective, a text corpus about twenty authors of the Antiquity was selected, from Fabius Pictor to Augustin. A first comparative study of the stories about the Second Punic War of these twenty authors covers the identification of the characteristics of this collective memory. A second comparative study, based on a method elaborated with the semiotics concepts and discourse analysis, was used for a detailed analysis of three episodes of this war : the fall of Sagunto and the outbreak of war, the passage of the Alps by Hannibal, the battle of Lake Trasimeno. Thus, the collective memory of the Second Punic War, in addition to « war memory », can also be described as a « civic memory » and a « manipuled memory ». This collective memory develops the roman qualities (virtus, pietas and fides) who based their identity through a series of exempla. Some historical events of this war have become structuring elements of this collective memory. Between the second century BC and the fifth century AD., four moments were distinguished in the functioning of the collective memory of the Second Punic War : the moment of « historisation », the moment of« exemplarity », the moment of« reduction », and the moment of «diversion»
Bridji, Fateh. "Les appelés de la guerre d'Algérie : sociologie d'une mémoire". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3009.
Texto completoThe memory of the conscripts during the Algerian War is apprehended from sociologically built up problematics. The first part of the thesis tries to define the colonial, military and warlike triple context. As far as the conscripts' experience could only be analysed if reintroduced in this context perspective, the second part of this work consists in the confrontation of the resuts given by the first one and obtained by the historians with those coming from an original interview. Hence, their specific position within the "civilian" social structure and the military resocialization they had to undergo have particularly subjected these young conscripts to State censure. The effects of symbolic violence legitimately exercised by the State and guarantor for official representation of past and present reality (as objective History), thus, operate the agreement between the State control censure and the silence of former young conscripts about a long repressed past
Trégomain, Pierre de. "Les frontières du dicible : les Saxons de Transylvanie et la Seconde Guerre mondiale". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030145.
Texto completoThe Second World War holds a federating rôle in the collective identity of the Transylvanian Saxons. The War is at the centre of a narrative construction that allows a common « we » to be employed, despite the heterogenous nature of the experiences of war, and despite the Iron Curtain, which separated this German-speaking minority in Romania into two groups. The larger group stayed in Transylvania and the others moved to the West – mainly to West Germany. From the end of the War until the beginning of the 1980s this community was structured according to rules of communication concerned with representations of the past. Who was in a position to define these rules and under what conditions ? This study sets about analysing the power struggles that are at the origin of these « frontiers of the expressable »
Julien, Élise. "Paris, Berlin : la mémoire de la Première Guerre mondiale, 1914-1933". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010655.
Texto completoLaplanche-Servigne, Soline. "De l'expérience du racisme à sa politisation : mobilisations et représentation des "victimes" en France et en Allemagne aujourd'hui". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0017.
Texto completoThis dissertation is based on comparative fieldwork in France and Germany. Its objective is to understand why and how mobilization of « victims of racism » comes to the fore in « antiracist » societies, defined here as societies which have implemented policies to fight racism and racial discrimination since the end of the Second World War. The thesis analyses the process of politicization visible in the contentious actions of « racialized people ». These are actors who unite by virtue of shared phenotype or immigrant origins and based on a shared experienced of racism. The figure of the « victim » is conceived of by using a constructivist approach, that is, the production of a status of « victim of racism » by the actors and the different ways by which they strive to become politically relevant victims in order to assert their claims. Their constitution of « racialized » collective identities, their actions in the social movements space – and in some cases in the partisan political field – and their repertoires of collective actions reveal that this « victims » mobilization is both a struggle « against » and a struggle « for ». Specifically, the theories of recognition enable us to analyse claims not only as equality claims but also as claims for social and political visibility. The fundamental demand of these actors who are mobilizing as « racialized » is that they be considered legitimate members of the national body and that they attain rights of political and social representation. This includes access not only to key political institutions but also entry into the historiographic narrative of the nation
Platov, Ilia. "La croisade slave : guerre, culture et mémoire en Russie et dans les Balkans, 1976-1914". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040020.
Texto completoThe thesis seeks to understand the involvement of the Russians for the cause of the liberation of their Slavic brethrens during the period of the Eastern Crisis and the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. It studies “wartime culture”, and analyses the “myth of the Slavic crusade” by which war was sanctified between 1876 and 1878 through patriotic rituals, new heroic models, etc. The myth was also promoted through a process of “trivialization”, through a variety of symbolic forms: popular imagery, illustrated magazines and war correspondences. After 1878, the war was commemorated through the creation of “holy places” and war memorials in Russia and in the Balkans, an important step towards the nationalization of war in Russia before WWI
Han, Jae Yeong. "Division et guerre dans la mémoire coréenne depuis 1945". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010624.
Texto completoThis thesis discusses the construct of the collective Korean memory, with emphasis on its evolution from 1945 to the present day. We posit that the resultant contemporary memory hinges on the search for Korean unity dating from the foundation of Korea, as well as concern for opposition and division in memory. In the process of the construction of the collective memory, the memory of the Korean War (1950-1953) has played an important role: it has been used in South Korea to create a historical base bearing a political undercurrent, and promoting one facet of memory over against the other possible facets and risking their oblivion. The need for acknowledgement of this plural memory in South Korea led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 2005 which aimed to heal the wounds of the war-memory. Here, we will consider how, today, South Korea is trying to liberate itself from the memory of the war by creating a post-war reconstruction. In the process, we will also reflect on the existing links between past and present, as well as the possibility of an eventual reconciliation of memory between the two Koreas
Tignères, Serge. "La guerre d'Indochine et l'opinion publique française entre 1954 et 1994 -mémoire et histoire-". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU2A002.
Texto completoEid, Robert. "Le cinéma libanais d’après guerre : Construction de mémoire et recomposition identitaire". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030128.
Texto completoAfter the war in Lebanon [1975-1990 ], young film-makers refuse to ignore the past and work by means of their movies to restore a wholesome memory. The present research studies the new films configurations of the post-war Lebanese cinema, characterized by a memorial and countable retrospective within bygone days. By leaning on a cinematic corpus of about twenty movies, analyzed as material and symbolic tracks, the various parts of this research investigate the convergences and the problems which put the dialectic Memory - history through the representation. The study also scrutinizes the tracks of the memory by going through the processes relative to the conflict, to the work of mourning and the oblivion by questioning the capacities of the Lebanese cinema, to calibrate its potential of expression and its capacity to analyze the setbacks of a bruised society. The paths of this research will also examine the representation of Beirut, as anthropomorphic and symbolic city. In last part, the study approaches the profiles of a symptomatic subject in search of its identity at the end of the war in Lebanon
Sereno, Marie-Noëlle. "Résistance italienne et littérature : Contribution à une étude de la mémoire collective". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3102.
Texto completoSix notable Italian authors (Beppe Fenoglio, Italo Calvino, Elio Vittorini, Renata Viganò, Luigi Meneghello, Mario Tobino) portrayed what the life of the insurgents was during World War II. This research investigates the potential of their fictional works to help historian better understand this crucial period, they experienced.An appraisal of fictitious accounts of the war, as seen from the insurgent's perspective, may help understanding their state of mind once facing the armed forces of both the German occupant and fascists battalions. Their pre-political sensibility has been defined by the historian Guido Quazza as 'existential anti-Fascism". Historian's accounts of the Italian Resistance portrayed it from a somewhat idealistic view, mostly highlighting the heroic side. However, it is clear from the literature analyzed, that it was far from harmonious. The writer stresses the multifarious and the diversity of the population's comportments. Historical works of the 1950's concentrated on analyzing the support by the peasants to the Resistance, while in the 1970's this focus shifted to the importance of the "grey zone", the non-committal population. The novels underline the factual, supportive attitude of women throughout the Italian Resistance, only corroborated by recent scholarly works.This research indicates the efficacy of fictional literature as a complement to the use of historical cultural anthropology, for analyzing components of the Italian Resistance. Their keenness and subtlety allows scholars to better assess people's thoughts behind observed events. Use of this material may help avoid a simplified building of memory
Barrière, Philippe. "Formes et usages du passé : Grenoble en ses après-guerre (1944-1964)". Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/barriere_p.
Texto completoDouffet, Brice. "Le souvenir s’en va-t-en guerre : Mémoires & représentations sociales du soldat de 14-18". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE2002.
Texto completoThe Centenary of the First World War (WWI) shows a desire to commemorate, and more generally, a social phenomenon which questions the traces of this conflict in social thought. The aim of our thesis is to question the way which the emblematic figure of the soldier of the Great War is today thought, illustrated, anchored, commemorated in European and French context. We support the hypothesis that the social representation of the soldier from WWI plays an emblematic role in the transmission of the collective memory of the Great War. Difficult living conditions in the trenches, the physical and psychological trauma characterize this conflict and highlight the victimhood (Rimé, Bouchat, Klein & Licata, 2015). The social construction of memories linked to a historical event is part of a framework referring to a social identity (Haas & Jodelet, 2007; Jodelet & Haas, 2019). Do we have a homogeneous representation of the Great War in Europe and in France in particular? Three sources of results will allow us to illustrate our research: A first series of results came from the European Project Nemex COST Action 1205 (Bouchat, Licata, Rosoux & Klein, 2017, 2019) on the collective memory of WWI events via a sample (N=2525) of students from 16 countries. We performed a secondary analysis of two scales (emotional and representational) on the 14-18 soldier from his own country or from an enemy country. There is a significant difference in responses depending on the nationality of the participants and the status of their country during the WWI: formerly belligerent countries (more emphatic) versus neutral (more negative). On the other hand, a common tendency of responses converges towards a consensual representation of the enemy.A second phase aims to try to determine if there is a possible inter-regional differentiation of the social representation of the soldier in France. For this, a questionnaire was distributed to 14 French universities (N=884). The first results indicate an apparent homogeneity of the responses, a sort of national image of the soldier. However, certain factors (heroism, patriotism, voluntary and hatred of enemies) present significant intra-group variations illustrating a difference between the North-East and the Center-East / South. Finally, a qualitative and lexicometric analysis is implemented. First, the analysis of a sample of articles (N=48) from the French site “centenaire.org” (Label Mission Centenaire 14-18). Then, the creation of an analysis grid allowed us to study the images (N=285) published on the same site. Our approach allowed us to test the hypothesis of the existence of a singular representation of the war according to the geographical location of the region concerned. On the one hand, the Grand-Est characterized by a memory of the front locally anchored across the landscapes marked forever. On the other, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, representative of the active rear in the decisive role where the memory passes by the reappropriation of testimonies
Kalakech, Samar. "La guerre civile libanaise vue par le cinéma libanais". Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_kalakech_s.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to reveal the representations that the Lebanese Cinema offers about an historical event: the Lebanese Civil War which devastated the country from 1975 to 1990. For this purpose, the study is based on four Lebanese fiction films produced in 1998, 1999 and 2000: West Beirut (Ziad Doueiri, 1998), Beirut ghost (Ghassan Salhab, 1999), Civilized people (Randa Chahal, 1999) and In the shadows of the city (Jean Chamoun, 2000). The choice of these films realized during the post-war period of time was done with the aim to pose a retrospective glance on the representation of the war. By calling upon the tools of the narrative analysis, we focused initially on the study of the narrative and enunciative structure of each film in order to determine the dominating point of view and the conveyed representation of this historical period. Then, we studied the relation between reality and fiction while trying to reveal the representation of the History that the films propose. As a completed event, the memory of the war was of paramount importance in these films. It is the subject of our final chapter. We tried to study "Which memory (ies)" the directors evoke in their films in a country where the society is composed of various confessional components
Kebaili, Selima. "Le genre de la justice transitionnelle : les effets d'un label international sur des femmes (victimes) en Tunisie (2011-2018)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0012.
Texto completoTransitional justice, a set of instruments intended to bring peace to and democratizesocieties through the recognition of victims, was the subject of considerable mobilization by various political groups in post-revolutionary Tunisia. Tunisian associations joined forces to shed light on the forms of repression specific to women, using multiple – and sometimes antagonists – victim figures for that purpose. The inclusion of female victims in the process was also addressed by institutional measures, which lead to the implementation of a Truth Sub-commission specifically for women, and the implementation of a “gender approach” by international organizations, such as the United Nations. Whereas institutional actors and theorists have conceived of transitional justice as a technical and neutral process, this thesis questions the politicization and effects produced by the implementation of the program. Most research work on transitional justice has adopted institutional perspectives and analyzed the program a posteriori. This research shifts the analysis towards local actors’ reception of and socialization vis-a-vis the process of transitional justice.Using the sociology of social movements, the sociology of law, the anthropology ofdevelopment, and the sociologie of gender, this thesis draws on ethnographic observation and interviews with international and local actors in transitional justice and with women victims. This research examines three axes. First, it addresses how women come to file a victim's report with the Truth Commission. Secondly, it explores how the support offered to associations of women victims by international organizations influences both their collective identities and their militant paths.Lastly, this study questions the differential appropriations of victim categories and their impact on the construction of the political subjectivities of female victims involved in transitional justice
Mamillon, Charlene. "Le rôle de la télévision française dans la transmission de la mémoire collective de la Seconde Guerre mondiale au travers de documentaires". Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080019/document.
Texto completoThe collective memory corresponds to the souvenirs shared by a group of people or by society. It can be transmitted from people to people. So it testifies of the group’s identity. There are a multitude of collective memories since every social group gets one. One person can be a part of several groups and then, get various collective memories.Television creates a collective memory of the Second World War through repetitions. Indeed, each year, it broadcasts a lot of documentaries which always use the same archive images.Most documentaries resort to the testimony of witness and play with their emotions so that the audience retains their stories for long. The collective memory is also transmitted thanks to the illustrative comment that gives sense to the images. The images in documentaries are often the same and the audience can recognize them, remember them and never forget them.Sometimes, the archive images are in colour in order to make them more attractive. The colour images do not represent reality more than the black and white images. They are a lie for the audience.However, there is another way of making documentaries. Shoah, Claude Lanzmann’s movie, do not use archive images. The director used the pictures of extermination camps that he filmed and the testimonies of the survivants.This documentary became a benchmark thanks to its singularity
Mantovan, Giacomo. "Combattants et victimes en temps de guerre et d'exil : violence, mémoire et subjectivité dans les récits de vie de Tamouls sri lankais en France". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0108.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the memories and life stories of Sri Lankan Tamils who arrived in France aller the year 2000. It is based on an ethnographie investigation of the life accounts of thèse exiles, many of whom have fought in the secessionist organisation Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as well as of asylum policies in France. This work seeks to shed light on the emergence and construction of specifie political subjects, in particular the "fighter" and the "victim", across différent contexts. It seeks to define the rôle played by institutions, social injunctions and socio-cultural values in relation to the fashioning of subjectivity. An attempt is made to understand the way in which the interpretation of the past and the meaning assigned to it contribute to define the exiles' identity. As violence is a recurrent element in the life stories examined, the thesis analyses the way in which narrative accounts of the past deal with social uses of violence in different contexts (LTTE, host institutions, etc. ). The thesis further highlights the tact that war is not just a moment of social disintegration, but that it entails a reconfiguration of the existing social, political and cultural order. Wilhin a historical context that was rapidly changing (war and exile), new collective and individual identifies emerged. Finally, the work emphasises the fact that telling our own story reveals our place in the world : it means negotiating our relation with others and the society in wich we live. It is possible, therefore, to examine the way in wich the exiles face their suffering and rebuild their lives
Buono, Clarisse. "Pieds-noirs d'Algérie et descendants : du devoir de mémoire au travail de deuil identitaire". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0089.
Texto completoThe collective memory of the french algerians appears to be the base of an old identity, perpetuated now for over a century. This thesis, which studies the construction of the different categories of identification of french algerians and their descendants, shows that it is not the case. The identity of the french algerian came about with repatriation. It is not only recent but also temporary because it is based on untransmissible bases, a singular collective memory. Studying how this identity is composed and taken apart, it becomes clear that only elements specific to an identity of "repatriated french algerains" (and no longer of pieds-noirs) could exist in the reconstruction of an identity of pieds-noirs descendants. This reconstruction, transmitted on an ideal of multicultural democracy, will not be possible if it is not done through a successful process of mourning. For, the challenge for the pied-noir descendant is not to try to integrate or not his parents' community, but to rebuild himself on that community's ruins or even to destroy it. The children cannot adopt an identity based on a pied-noir collective memory because that memory owes its very existence to elements that exclude them. The only way for the latter to procure a serene identity is to inherit a "re-worked", "non-nostalgic" parental memory from so-called "modern reconstructor" pieds-noirs
Gilfedder, Deirdre. "Entre lieu et non-lieu : l'invention de la mémoire nationale en Australie, 1915-1940". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070123.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses those war memorials that commemorate the first world war in australia employing a semiological and historical approach. This is combined with a study of the annual ceremony of anzac day which takes place the 86th of april at the war memorial of each australian town. These objects are considered in terms of a problematic of national memory. This memory sprang from the mourning and loss felt as a result of the 1914-1918 wara and contributed in the inter-war period to a certain sense of place in australian towns and cities. War memorials had an important role in evoking an imagined national community. This was possible not only through the fixing of a sense of place, but also via the instigation of a new awareness of time whereby future-memory and simultaneous activity created an idea of the nation. Despite this role of memorials to act as national memory-aids for the future generations of australia, nowadays, 70 years after their construction, their place is threatened. First world war memorials are being moved to make woy for the excessive mobility that dominatres australia. What is the role
Guichard-Croset, Marina. "La construction d'une mémoire collective de la Résistance en Haute-Savoie : Les Glières". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET2153.
Texto completoAt the heart of Haute-Savoie, between January and March 1944, a gathering of men took place on the Plateau des Glières. Under the command of Lt. Tom Morel and of Captain Maurice Anjot, both chasseurs alpins at the 27th BCA, they are mandated to receive air drops of weapons whose the "maquis" of the Department have a pressing need. Driven by the motto "Live Free or Die", the resistance lead a disproportionate fight against the Vichy forces and then against those of Wehrmacht up to the end of March 1944. Even if one can not talk about sacrifice, more than one hundred "maquisards" lose their lives. There then followed an organized reconstruction of the maquis until the 1st August 1944, when three thousand men gather again to receive the most massive air drops ever received by resistance during daylight. At the middle of August 1944 and due to successful air drops, the Resistance forces liberate their department. The defeat of weapons becomes a victory. Since 1944, the survivors gather in a organization called "the association of survivors of Glières".' They bury their dead, write a first testimonial book and publish the first issue of "Messages". In 1973, they launch an international competition to build a monument. Going alternatively through successful and troubled times, the memory of the Glières stands gradually around a co-constructed story enriched with mythological references. Sixty-five years later, the memory of the Glières "maquis" is still alive, driven by players and commonly engaged in the share of a citizen heritage. So, the process of building the Glières memory is the real hermeneutics issue of this thesis
Lecombe, Delphine. ""Nous sommes tous en faveur des victimes" : usages sociaux et politiques de la justice transitionnelle en Colombie (2002-2010)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0026.
Texto completoIn Colombia, the demobilization of paramilitary groups triggers as of 2003 the diffusion of transitional justice in a context lacking any political transition. Drawing on an ethnographic study with NGO members combating for human rights and peace, with international agencies and organizations and with members of the Colombian government, this thesis shows that the normative project embedded in transitional justice did not unfold in Colombia in a linear fashion but rather by borrowing, from various social sites, competing categories later revisited. In creating a space for the victims, the diffusion of transitional justice has shaped anew the relations prevailing between these different sectors. In domesticating and institutionalizing the norms of transitional justice, the Colombian State has negotiated to its own benefit the relation to actors involved in international cooperation and, in the process, it has reinforced itself. The transformations of the human rights movement have further led to the emergence of expert of transitional justice. By playing the role of intermediaries between various sectors, actors and levels involved in the diffusion of “good practices” tied to the post-conflict process, they have reinforced their position in the Colombian space that defends the cause of the victims. The spread of transitional justice in Colombia has not been accompanied by a mere enforcement of meaning by international diffusers to local actors but rather by competing translations and appropriations contributing to (re)-inventing the norms tied to the post-conflict process
Boursiquot, Fabienne. "Monumentalisation en Bosnie-Herzégovine d'après-guerre : réconciliation et prise de parole". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25359/25359.pdf.
Texto completoZielinski, Madeline. "La représentation de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Grande-Bretagne : analyse comparée". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30050/document.
Texto completoThe Second World War occupies a central place in British collective memory. The war, which is considered to be a national myth in Britain, remains pervasive in the British public debate to the point that some commentators call it a national obsession. The war constitutes one of the facets of Britishness at a time when British national identity is much debated and open to question. The representations of the Second World War in Scotland, Wales and Ireland are examined in order to determine whether the war is a British myth or an English myth. Scottish nationalist aspirations, for instance, seem to have an influence on the way the conflict is represented in Scotland. At a time when Britain is more than ever ethnically diverse, this study seeks to determine the extent to which former colonial peoples are able to recognise themselves in the traditional representations of the war which dominate the public debate in Britain. In the midst of an unprecedented boom in remembrance, the Bomber Command crews are an exception. Although their role in the combined bomber offensive (which caused thousands of victims among the German civilian population) had been subjected to much criticism and excluded bomber crews from the myth of the war, they are now hailed as heroes in Britain. Bomber Command’s newly-found heroic status is a turning point in the historiography of the air offensive and the British public debate
Lavielle, Julie. "Mémoires d’une violence rémanente : genèse, appropriations et contestations des lieux de mémoire en Colombie". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100010.
Texto completoThe aim of this research is to capture the plural and fragmented mobilisations around the elaboration of a public narrative of the armed conflict in a context of violence in Colombia. Inspired by works on conflict resolution and on the sociology of memory, it takes as its field of study the places of memory (museums and houses of memory, monuments) that have multiplied since the end of the eighties. It considers the places of memory as relevant objects to grasp the relationships that come into being between political and social forces in a context of a very relative conflict resolution. From interviews and ethnographic observations conducted in three places of memory, the thesis questions the effects of places of memory on politics. This work highlights the limits of the power of the influence that places of memory have on the framing of the memories and in participating in the conflict resolution. On the other hand, they pacify the historically conflictual relationship that the state maintains with certain social groups by reformulating political and economic problems, giving them a symbolic prism, and by creating new forms of struggle and political activism. Places of memory reconfigure relations between those that govern and the governed: through the elaboration of a narrative for the armed conflict, social and political demands come out pacified and re-politicized
Meyer, Henning. "Le changement de la "culture de mémoire" française par rapport à la Deuxième guerre mondiale à partir de trois "lieux de mémoire" : Bordeaux, Caen et Oradour-sur-Glanne". Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30044.
Texto completoThe subject of the PhD-thesis in contemporary history is the French memory culture of World War II. Within the opening chapters firstly the notions are defined, where this investigation is based on: the memory culture and the memory place. Secondly the situation of the French memory culture of World War II and its change will be analysed. Thirdly by introducing the museums of history of World War II the institution is pointed out, where the centre of the analysis is located. Parts one to three of the thesis are devoted to the analysis of the three selected examples: the “Centre National Jean Moulin” of Bordeaux, the “Mémorial – un muse pour la Paix” of Caen and the “Centre de la Mémoire d'Oradour-sur-Glane”. The “Centre National Jean Moulin” is the oldest out of these three examples. It came into existence by an individual initiative and is devoted to the Résistance, to the France Libre and to deportation. The “Mémorial de Caen” was thought to remember the destruction of the town within the Battle of Normandy. Instead it turned to a museum of World War II; it remembers D-Day and formulates a message of peace. The “Centre de la Mémoire” remembers the massacre of Oradour-sur-Glane committed by a unit of the Waffen-SS in 1944. The comparison of these three cases shows, that this kind of institution might have different origins, that different actors may be involved in their realization and that their aims and kind of representation may differ. The fourth part of the thesis presents the results of the analysis comparing and associating to the memory culture of World War II in France. The summary points out, that memory places and memory culture depend on each other. On one side, a memory place like a museum of history develops in harmony with the memory culture. On the other side, the memory places influence memory culture and contribute to their own existence as well as to their development
Balzarro, Anna. "Le Vercors et la zone libre de l'Alto Tortonese : récits, mémoire, histoire". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0058.
Texto completoKleinhentz, Laurent. "Tambov dans l’histoire et la Mémoire de l’Alsace-Moselle de 1943 à nos jours". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0262.
Texto completoThe thesis entitled « Tambov in the history and memory of Alsace- Moselle from 1943 to nowadays » is aimed at adding unexplored elements about the arrival of French Prisoners of War at Soviet camps. Numerous writings explaining their functioning recall the personal destinies of individuals enrolled by force, called «Malgré-Nous».Tambov is a predestinated name with its agitated history and its memory punctuated with dramas and breaks. Six centuries ago it was created as an outpost for the Moscow region in order to slow down tribal incursions. It was a generous corn growing area thanks to its black soil, and was also a prison for Napoleon’s defeated army. Then the Green Tambov became the administrative centre of insurrection during the Red Terror, and was ignored in the post-war period due to its hostile and fatal « termite hill »in the Rada forest. Tambov’s two syllables sound like drum rolls following the lugubrious and throbbing rhythms that are still perceptible in the memories of those who accept this overwhelming remembrance. The newly accessible state archives stored at the social and cultural centre of the Tambov area – the GASPITO- evoke the destinies of the human masses under Stalin’s yoke. They are opposed to the interviews of the survivors of Camp 188 and the camps around remembering their sufferings, to the interviews of their descendants and to the investigations of two groups of Tambov Seniors and the association named « Pèlerinage Tambov ». This raises the question of which place do Tambov and more generally captivity in the Soviet area hold in the memory and in the collective imagination of the region Alsace- Moselle? This research was carried out in numerous archive centres and consequently enabled the production of more reliable data, it also enabled to raise questions about the memories at stake in today’s Alsace and Moselle’s identities. A significant divergence emerges from the comparison between the numerous Seniors’statements reporting harsh life conditions and head of camp Ioussitchev’s reports, often falsified in order to please the authorities in charge, rather than report the real situation.Today, the memory trips of the Tambov site supervised by Russian town councillors evoke an almost idyllic life, a somewhat biased image of what life was really like in the camp. This « dolce vita » presentation ignores the deaths of thousands of people resulting from illnesses, constant undernourishment, exhausting work, ideological brainwashing, health conditions, demoralization of the prisoners and the no-returns of thousands of them. Has Tambov become the symbol of forced incorporation of Alsace- Moselle prisoners? Why and how? Because of the large number of prisoners? Because of their extreme sufferings symbolizing the injustice the « Malgré-Nous » went through, stuck as they were between two totalitarian systems? Because they were the victims of a certain desertion from the French authorities and the beginning of the cold war? Because of the endless quest for memories from the Tambov Seniors’ Associations?
Verkindt, Etienne. "Le paysage de mémoire, un des héritages de la Première Guerre mondiale dans le nord de la France : l’exemple des initiatives des collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A024.
Texto completoOne hundred years after what remains of the First World War? Many traces ( Cemeteries, trenches, monuments and some concrete positions ), many various ways of statements ( Accounts of veterans or civilians, novels, military note books, paintings, songs ..) disclose an history which shattered the World.Today, many projects tried to make an easy access to this history, projects that the Centenary of the war has strongly boosted, causing the revival of its joint memory. The concept of landscape of memory make us aware of the Geography of memory. First of all, because today the landscape as we see it show us a part of our history and inscribed us in that history. It is the last witness of the Great War. Then, because of contemporary memorial practice, and especially those of local authorities, are tightly connected to landscape practice experience. These practice are plural, they are in the meantime patrimonial, cultural, tourist and as a matter of fact territorial. They necessary ask the question of landscape concept interest in its theoretical and practical dimension
Collignon, Bénédicte. "D'invisibles à protagonistes de l'histoire en devenir : les figures victimaires dans l'espace discursif des commissions de vérité guatémaltèques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28101.
Texto completoEn donnant voix aux victimes, les commissions de vérité jouent un rôle important lors des transitions politiques et des consolidations démocratiques. Elles contribuent, de la sorte, à revisiter l’histoire et à construire la mémoire collective, missions essentielles afin de dépasser les clivages ayant divisé une société donnée. Cependant, cette mise en scène des récits victimaires s’accompagne également d’une construction de sens de la notion même de victimes. En effet, les commissions de vérité en viennent à définir et qualifier ce qu’est, ou doit être, une victime, créant des cadres de références à partir desquels les individus victimisés peuvent se positionner. Les mobilisations sociales qui s’ensuivent font l’objet de plusieurs études, tout comme des enjeux qui posent les catégories de victimes établies par les commissions lorsque leur mandat s’achève. Néanmoins, peu d’études s’attardent sur les processus en amont, ainsi que sur les offres statutaires et identitaires proposées aux victimes par ces institutions. Aussi, ce mémoire s’intéresse aux représentations de la figure de victime véhiculées par les commissions de vérité. Prenant comme cas d’étude les commissions de vérité guatémaltèques, nous avons procédé à une analyse de cadres (frame analysis) dans le but d’identifier, à travers les constructions discursives de ces commissions, les processus de cadrage de la notion de victime et les figures victimaires qui en résultent. L’analyse de discours démontre que si différentes figures de victimes coexistent dans les discours des commissions guatémaltèques, toutes s’articulent autour des paradigmes des droits de l’homme et de la justice réparatrice. Davantage, les résultats illustrent les difficultés posées par la montée en généralisation permettant la constitution d’une catégorie de victimes par les commissions de vérité, tandis qu’elles souhaitent également individualiser et humaniser ces individus dans le but de transformer l’image des populations victimes du conflit.
By giving a voice to the victims, truth commissions play an important role during political transitions and democratic consolidations. As such, they contribute in revisiting history and in building collective memory and thus permit a given society to overcome social cleavage. These scenarios of victimhood, however, are accompanied by the very framework defining the notion of victims. Indeed, truth commissions establish and qualify what is, or what must be, a victim creating references by which individuals can then position themselves by. The ensuing social mobilizations are the subject of many studies, as are the issues categorizing victims once the commission’s mandate comes to term. Nevertheless, few studies offer insight as to the upstream processes and the statutory and identity-forming applications offered to victims by those institutions. Also, this memoir focuses on the characterization of victims perpetuated by truth commissions. Taking as a study case the Guatemalan truth commissions, we have proceeded in a frame analysis, to identify through the discourse strategies of these commissions, the processes and framework defining victims and the resulting stereotypes of victimhood. The discourse analysis demonstrates that, if the different stereotypes of victims coexist in the Guatemalan commissions, they are indeed articulated by the paradigms of human rights and restorative justice. Furthermore, the results illustrate the difficulties generated by the insurgence of generalization permitting the construction of a category of victims by the truth commissions, while also demonstrating the desire to individualize and humanize those individuals in the ends of transforming the image of populations victimized by the conflict.
Las comisiones de la verdad juegan un papel de suma importancia en momentos de transición política y de la consolidación de la democracia, otorgándoles a las víctimas de conflicto un medio en el cual exprimirse. Estas comisiones contribuyen a dos actividades esenciales a la reconstrucción de una sociedad dividida: revivir la historia y construir la memoria colectiva. Esta escenificación de los relatos de las víctimas es acompañado de una construcción del sentido de la noción misma de la palabra víctima, definiendo y calificando lo que es o lo que debería de ser una víctima. Las comisiones de la verdad crean un marco de referencia a partir del cual las víctimas se pueden posicionar. Las movilizaciones sociales que resultan han sido el objeto de varios estudios, al igual que los problemas que resultan de las diferentes categorías de victimas que han sido establecidas por las comisiones una vez que el mandato de estas ha terminado. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han concentrado en los procesos preliminares, ni en las ofertas estatutarias e identitarias que estas instituciones proponen a las víctimas. Esta tesis se enfoca en las diferentes representaciones de victimas que las comisiones de la verdad fomentan, tomando como caso de estudiado el de las comisiones de la verdad de Guatemala. Se efectuara un análisis de marco (frame analysis) con el objetico de identificar no solamente el proceso utilizado a lo largo de los construcciones discursivas de estas comisiones para definir la noción de víctima, sino que también los tipos de victimas que resultan de estas definiciones. El análisis de los discursos demuestra que aunque existen diferentes tipos de victimas que coexisten en los discursos de las comisiones guatemaltecas, todas se articulan alrededor de las nociones de los derechos del hombre y de la justicia restaurativa. Los resultados ilustran las dificultades que resultan del hecho de generalizar y agrupar a todas las victimas bajo una sola categoría por las comisiones, mientras que también quieren individualizar y humanizar a estos individuos con el fin de transformar la imagen de las poblaciones víctimas del conflicto.
Gaillard, Frédérique. "Approches esthétiques et théorétiques des archétypes dans le photojournalisme : à partir du World Press Photo (1956-2013)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080021.
Texto completoThrough an analysis based on the aesthetics and theoretical approaches, this research of photojournalism and archetypes raises many questions. The theoretical approach is to look at a practice first in terms of non-Art, as distinct from aesthetics as a theoretical approach to something that is primarily equated with art. The concept of archetype is studied through its various facets and thus with different approaches (psychology, philosophy, mythology, etc.). Before looking at photographs, it is important to determine how the image of photojournalist was forged through time. Revisiting the life of Robert Capa and what is said about it, the work of a mythologist, Joseph Campbell, sheds new light and makes it possible, although complex, to draw an analogy between the hero in myths and the man that is considered since 1938 as the greatest war photographer in the world. The detailed and unique analysis of the photographs awarded a prize by the World Press Photo (WPP), in the category World Press Photo of the Year, since the award was created until 2013, opens new perspectives on the evolution of photojournalism. This iconographic imagery deals primarily with natural disasters, famine, war and terrorism. The focus of the reports is continuously on people, their actions and their consequences. It is sometimes necessary go far back in history to understand the concerns of the contemporary world and the images that we perceive of it. Some winning photographs have emerged as historical time markers and shape our collective memory. A number of factors contribute to developing this collective memory. The question of archetype in these photographs also leads us to rethink the mental image and the image as an object, in order to better discern its contours and understand its challenges. This research uses unexpected ways to deliver an innovative interpretation of these press photographs
Bouvier, Charlotte-Lucie. "La mémoire et le droit des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité depuis la seconde guerre mondiale : comparaison Allemagne fédérale / France". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3018/document.
Texto completoContrary to the popular belief that the time clears injuries, the finding must be made of the omnipresence of the memory as a matrix of guidelines decided by our leaders. Seventy years after the World War II ended, it occupies public space in all its components and drives the adoption of laws recognizing victims and punishing speech of negation. Meanwhile, the legislature must meet its conventional obligations and the requirements of international criminal justice. But again, the political contingencies are strong, which block legal thinking and lead to the creation of controversial provisions. This phenomenon, striking in France, is less at our german neighbor, yet reliant on a heavy legacy memorial. This observation may surprise those who do not consider the joint but divergent evolutions of the two states since 1945, on the « treatment » of international crimes by nature and their consequences ; hence the usefulness of a transverse, historical and comparative approach to these issues
Kydjian, Maïlys. "Mémoires croisées : retour sur l'expérience coloniale et la guerre d'indépendance à travers trois générations d' "Algériens", "Harkis" et "Pieds Noirs"". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20062/document.
Texto completoProtagonists of the French-Algerian History, as well as their descendants, which occupied antagonistic positions during the independence war, cohabit in France nowadays. They are commonly called « Algerians », « Harkis » and « Black Feet people ». This thesis presents a cross-study of memorial construction processes after the Algerian Independence War within these three socio-historical groupes. Family history narratives have been confronted to History written by historians. The corpus is composed of persons born during the colonial period, having experienced the war and the migrations towards France, as well as their children and grandchildren.We examine the mechanisms of transmiting memories and their re-appropriation by individuals belonging to these three generations. We take into account families relationships and their transnational dimension. By crossing these memories, the relevance of the socio-historical categories is questioned, checking whether they reflect a memorial construction or a sense of belonging. These memories, often in opposition to each other, take part of a common national narrative into which people don’t completely identify themselves. We are also interested in the representations of oneself and otherness as an outcome of French-Algerian history and in their consequences on current social cohesion
Cendoya, Jessica. "Le Guernica : un tableau-monument en expositions. Support de réactivation et d’actualisation des mémoires de la Guerre Civile espagnole (1936-1939)". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG1192.
Texto completoThe research aims to define how the construction of regimes of artistic, memorial and historical values of Guernica - a work of art made by Pablo Picasso in 1937 - participates in the patrimonial writing of the painting-monument, on the one hand, and becomes operative in the reactivation or updating of the memory of the events to which it refers, as part of the museum visit, on the other hand. Three levels of research have been thought out. The first was to circumscribe the Guernica object as an art object by placing a base of analysis of the object detached from any context, and this, in order to better understand those by which it exists as a cultural object signified in temporal and geographical contexts. In a second step, the analysis of the different exposures of Guernica made it possible to grasp the different values of use which were attributed to him and this to understand how it was constructed as a patrimonial object. Finally, in a third step, in the light of a detailed analysis of the exhibition of Guernica at MNCARS in 2009 and 2013, 60 interviews conducted according to a qualitative methodology after the visit were analyzed in order to understand the use values that mobilize the spaniards at the reception and for what reasons. The interest of the investigation is to have revealed that there was a range of memories and apprehensions related to the Guernica object. The surveys were analyzed under the prism of political sensitivity (Republicans and Nationalists), but especially under that of the generational prism, and for which four generations are identified. The results of analysis by generations, allow to distinguish two types of report to Guernica: reactivation and actualization. The notions of reactivation and actualization (Georgescu-Paquin, 2013) are part of a logic of rupture-continuity, which is necessary for any heritage-making process (Davallon, 2006). In this case of study, the MNCARS proposes a framework on a side of the history which, if not soothing the tensions, revives them for some (Nationalists); while others, find themselves in a process started recently (Republicans), following the so-called law of "historical memory" (2007). On the other hand, the new generations present a calm and distanced glance which allows them to make operative the patrimonial writing of Guernica
Smaoui, Sélim. "La mobilisation comme gouvernement de soi : s'engager et lutter pour la mémoire et la cause des victimes du franquisme en Espagne (2000-2013)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0062.
Texto completoOver the last decade in Spain, the legacy of the political violence perpetrated throughout the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Francoist regime (1939-1975) became a significant issue among various protest movements. “The Recovery of Historical Memory Movement”, according to the local denomination, gathers a large scale of collective actions in which prevails the use of typical “postconflict” resources, practices and registers : collection of testimonies, mass grave exhumations, mobilization for “Justice, Truth and Reparation”, etc. This thesis analyzes the social logics underlying the production of new protest categories (“disappeared”, “victims”, “truth and justice”), the international circulation of specific “conflict resolution” expertises and authorities (exhumations, human rights militancy), and new readings of past violence. This protesting space being predominantly composed of actors heiring or stemming from the Spanish republican left, I will analyze the ways by which this new human rights militancy has contributed to the recomposition of the local leftist militancy
Schlanger-Merowka, Michèle. "Lieux d'amnésie, d'anamnèse et de mémoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale dans la zone d'occupation italienne : novembre 1942-septembre 1943 : thèse d'anthropologie". Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2037.
Texto completoMallet, Audrey. "Vichy against Vichy : History and Memory of the Second World War in the Former Capital of the État français from 1940 to the Present". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H073.
Texto completoFollowing the June 22, 1940 armistice and the subsequent occupation of northern France by the Germans, the French government left Paris and eventually established itself in the city of Vichy. The name 'Vichy' soon came to be used to refer to the regime instigated by Pétain and his ministers. The shortcut was maintained and popularized in the postwar period, to the great displeasure of the Vichyssois. Whereas the Vichy regime has long been considered one of the most defining historical events of France’s recent past, in the French memorial landscape of the Second World War, the city of Vichy continues to stand out as a non lieu de mémoire. This dissertation investigates the wartime period in Vichy and explores how the population has dealt with the fraught legacy of the Vichy regime from 1944 to the present. My research examines how the interaction between national mythology, specific local concerns, and broader troubling issues have impacted - and blocked - the formation of a local war memory
Ostriïtchouk, Zazulya Olha. "Deux mémoires pour une identité en Ukraine post-soviétique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21527.
Texto completoAli, Bou Harfouche Hasna. "Chroniques libanaises. Étude des mécanismes de la mémoire (1914-2014)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040205.
Texto completoModern literature continues to get inspiration from History, especially from the history of the twentieth century, with all the changes that marked it. Certainly, the return of the narrative after the rupture caused by the New Roman (Nouveau Roman), is highlighted with the publication of the philosophical sum of Paul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative (1983-1984), "which draws the limits of a structural analysis and recalls the major anthropological function of narrative activity ". Indeed, contemporary writers in search of identity recognize the need to review the historical context of each period of their lives or the lives of others. Thus, autobiography, as well as biography of others, is inseparable from history. The case of the Lebanese chronicle is exceptional, especially in the shadow of the controversy over the implementation of a unified book of History in Lebanon. This has been the case since 2001 and each party privileges his own version of history. This study emphasizes first of all the value of conviviality, the unity of the country, and the better understanding of the other and seeks, through literature, to find common ground. And to understand and live lucidly, one must face, according to Nietzsche, the tragic, even fate, this "dose of coldness, lucidity, hardness". Lebanese French-speaking writers and readers share the will to understand the past that haunts their destiny and to grasp the evolution of time. It is therefore remarkable to see the Lebanese history rising through a bouquet of observations, testimonies, comments and questions.The texts of Lebanese writers Salah Stétié, Amin Maalouf, Alexandre Najjar, Jacqueline Massabki, and French writers like Sorj Chalandon and Richard Millet, help to identify the Lebanese history of different angles of view. Far from pretending to correct Lebanon's past as such, these writers make it the platform of their narrative
Juin, Claude. "La guerre d'Algérie (après un demi-siècle) : la mémoire enfouie des soldats du contingent : des jeunes gens ordinaires confrontés à l'intolérable". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0003.
Texto completoHalf a century passed since the end of the Algéria war. The generation of young conscripts called up for the national and involved in this conflict, has lived a distortded memory. Why 20 years old "ordinary" young men, has perpetrated, or had been passive witness of various exactions (tortures or summary executions). We have to investigate about their education, forged in the republican ideas of Human Rights and the spirit of Resistance. But nevertheless, from wich part this education could have arisen that strong feeling of scorn againts the Muslim population ? Should we have seen a discrimination there attributed to racism and why ? Then, we have examined how a repressive policy, could have led all these young people in arm and supposed to restore order, to perpetrate crimes and how some of them gave to their "instinct of destruction". We have tried analyse soldiers' acts and behaviours from determining factors such as : submission to orders, fright, revenge, frustration, fulfilment of duty. . . Finally we have explored the effects of "matters of counscience" that a generalized policy of "no law : the one of "pacification" could generate
Fisli, Éva Ilona. "Ismeretlen katonáktól az Ismeretlen Katonáig : a második világháború politikai felhasználásai Magyarországon". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0005.
Texto completoMy dissertation focuses on the transformation of unknown, unidentified Hungarian soldiers excluded from the official memory of the Party State into the figure of the Unknown Soldier reburied and symbolically readmitted in 1999 in Pákozd don band memorial chapel. I set to aims for my project. On the one hand, i wanted to survey what kind of memory policies operated in Hungary at the time of the change of the political system. On the other hand, I studied the interactions between various agents of remembrance. Most of the sources i have used for analysing the uses of world war ii are articles, studies, official statements, public speeches, speeches at the parliament, party programs, laws and decrees published in Hungary, and other very diverse sources (war memorial plaques, interviews, photos and videos) related to the acts of remembrance. In the first part of my dissertation, I give an outline of the methodological bases of my paper relying significantly on the work of Halbwachs. Afterwards, I review the political uses of World War II in Hungary from the conflicts until 1989. The second part is devoted to the public readmission of the fallen soldiers by the commemorations organized on a local, a national and also a European level after the fall of the socialist regime. Finally, I address the issues of Hungarian battlefield pilgrimages to the former USSR in the 1990’s and certain features of recent press debates
Michel, Anthony. "Metz-Luxembourg ville : couverture médiatique comparée des cérémonies commémoratives de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-2010)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0359/document.
Texto completoThis study is at the crossroads of history and information and communication sciences. Its main point is a diachronic and comparative vision of a memorial phenomenon through the lens of local press. It is legitimated by the proximity of commemorative ceremonies. The comparison made between Metz and Luxembourg - one being a regional metropolis and the other the capital city of a small European country - tries to understand how memories related to this conflict emerge and evolve in the media according to the historical, sociological and political contexts of both towns. A series of hypothesis organized in three axes results from this research question: the topic of the article, the textual content and the photographic illustration. Is there a conflict or a cohabitation between memories on a territory according to their legitimacy? Will the memorial actors (figures) always be the same and what will the signification be if there is a form of consistency and/or if there is an evolution? Visually, what effect will the representations have on the media image (or the reflection) of the pasts of both towns? As such, my study tries to understand the emergence and the preservation of memories relative to the conflict by articulating this memory, its social legitimacy and the interest that it has for local authorities in the memorial landscape of the cities. My results are organized in three themes which are: the constancy of the monuments and the memory, the reappropriation of existing buildings for the memory with low legitimacy or with a national or international echo and the emergence of monuments and memories in order to improve and to complete the patrimony and the local urban memorial landscape. However, one can see a consistency in the cross-border memory, through decades and based upon the representation of historical actors: the local population, the local resister, and the American liberator
Richard, Thomas. "Mythologies politiques et identitaires dans les conflits du Moyen-Orient à l'heure de la mondialisation". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10456/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this dissertation is to study the way in which references have been created and are used by political actors in the Middle-Eastern conflicts, so that these references have become norms, which are contingent to their actions. These norms can be state-created or through private initiatives, and our aim is also to study how these two dimensions interact. This dissertation also takes into account and the way these references have been mixed in the context of globalization with references from other cultural areas. This goal has been attained through the study of memorials and museums, and through the study of films, in Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey
Michel, Anthony. "Metz-Luxembourg ville : couverture médiatique comparée des cérémonies commémoratives de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-2010)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0359.
Texto completoThis study is at the crossroads of history and information and communication sciences. Its main point is a diachronic and comparative vision of a memorial phenomenon through the lens of local press. It is legitimated by the proximity of commemorative ceremonies. The comparison made between Metz and Luxembourg - one being a regional metropolis and the other the capital city of a small European country - tries to understand how memories related to this conflict emerge and evolve in the media according to the historical, sociological and political contexts of both towns. A series of hypothesis organized in three axes results from this research question: the topic of the article, the textual content and the photographic illustration. Is there a conflict or a cohabitation between memories on a territory according to their legitimacy? Will the memorial actors (figures) always be the same and what will the signification be if there is a form of consistency and/or if there is an evolution? Visually, what effect will the representations have on the media image (or the reflection) of the pasts of both towns? As such, my study tries to understand the emergence and the preservation of memories relative to the conflict by articulating this memory, its social legitimacy and the interest that it has for local authorities in the memorial landscape of the cities. My results are organized in three themes which are: the constancy of the monuments and the memory, the reappropriation of existing buildings for the memory with low legitimacy or with a national or international echo and the emergence of monuments and memories in order to improve and to complete the patrimony and the local urban memorial landscape. However, one can see a consistency in the cross-border memory, through decades and based upon the representation of historical actors: the local population, the local resister, and the American liberator
Serrano, Moreno Juan Enrique. "Mémoires de vainqueurs, mémoires de vaincus. : La construction démocratique à l'épreuve des conflits autour des mémoires de la Guerre Civile et du franquisme". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010325.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis analyzes the role of conflict in relation to the memories of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism in the context of democracy building in the long-term and the local, regional and national levels. The socio-historical study of practices, discourses and intercations between agents such as the statee, the church, the political parties, historiography, victims' associations or families, elucidates how the memory of the Cicil War ceased to be a manichean story, being depoliticized during the transition, and finally becam, once democracy was consolidated, a policy field and a militant cause. The intersectorial circulation of political, religious, historical and legal knwledges, actions and agents-bearing dibergent and little reflexive interpretations of history-involved the establishment of cultural matrices by which ordinary citizens translate contemporary politics. The conflicts between the victors'memories and the vanquished's ones are both the cause and the effect of the policization of memory and the memorization of politics, thus participating in the undermining of the initial legitimacy of the Spanish democratic regime
Shtembari, Arber. "Après la guerre : Mobilisations et luttes pour la reconnaissance. Contribution à une analyse sociohistorique de la construction de l'Etat au Kosovo (1945-2012)". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0057.
Texto completoThis thesis examines jointly, the mobilizations and the classification struggles of the post-war groups in Kosovo after 1999, focusing on the access procedures toward their legal and legitimate recognition. It also analyzes the State formation process in Kosovo and the production of its symbolic forms of consecration. Two main contributions of this work are: First, it highlights a number of issues on post-war groups formation, identification, lifestyles and definition (civils victims, war veterans, war prisoners, families of missing persons, etc.) needing reflection and it questions the conventional wisdom. Second, it examines the complex relationships between the symbolic domination work of the State in Kosovo and the struggles of post-war groups in freeing from their social condition