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T. M. F. "1986 UNAT Elections." American Journal of International Law 80, no. 3 (1986): 720–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201796.
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The United Nations Administrative Tribunal (UNAT) has elected Herbert Reis of the United States, a former Counselor at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, as its Second Vice-President for the coming year. Mr. Reis has served on the tribunal for 5 years. Samar Sen of India and Arnold Kean of the United Kingdom were elected President and First Vice-President of the tribunal, respectively.
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Zhang, S., G. Li, J. Zhu, and F. Su. "Sex reversal of the female amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense reared in the laboratory." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 1 (2001): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401003599.
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Sex reversal is common in the animal kingdom, yet nothing has thus far been known about it in amphioxus. The present study showed that female amphioxus reared in the laboratory was sexually reversed into the male, but not vice versa. This is the first report on the existence of sex change in the cephalochordate.
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Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: Noted: Documentary exposes dark side of Tongan diaspora." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.497.
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Gangsters in Paradise—The Deportees of Tonga. Documentary. 2019. Director: Ursula Williams. Vice/Zealandia.‘IT’S LIKE crabs being stuck in a bucket scratching each other to get out.’‘It’s like rubbish dumping.’Those are two views about the crisis facing Tonga as countries like the United States, Australia and New Zealand deport criminals to the kingdom.
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Tarkowská, Danuše. "Plants are Capable of Synthesizing Animal Steroid Hormones." Molecules 24, no. 14 (2019): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142585.
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As a result of the findings of scientists working on the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in the plant and animal kingdoms over the past five decades, it has become apparent that those compounds that naturally occur in animals can also be found as natural constituents of plants and vice versa, i.e., they have essentially the same fate in the majority of living organisms. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of animal steroid hormones in the plant kingdom, particularly focusing on progesterone, testosterone, androstadienedione (boldione), androstenedione, and estrogens.
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Lim, Dongwan, and Youngsu Jong. "A Comparative Study of the Institutionalization of the Accrual Accounting System in the United Kingdom and the United States." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 21, no. 2 (2007): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps21205.
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In the 1970s, many countries were in financial crisis as a result of the burden of maintaining the welfare state and repeated oil shocks. To solve these kinds of economic and financial problems, many countires have attempted to reform the public sector by implementing an accrual basis accounting system. But ehre are significant differences among countries in the foundation and evolution of the institution because of differences in institutional structure. In the case of the United Kingdom, institutional structure had been operated seems like there were not veto points. Once a decision had been made in the executive arena, Parliament was unlikely to change it, as the executive government rest on stable parliamentary majorities. However, the institutional structure of the United States works differently from that of the United Kingdom. A lot of decisions made by executive branch could be vetoed by Congress, or vice versa, because they don not share the same resources of power.
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Blaine, Marlin E. "Lust, Spirit, and the Vice List in Shakespeare's Sonnet 129 and Galatians 5." Ben Jonson Journal 27, no. 2 (2020): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2020.0286.
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Sonnet 129 ironically reinscribes Galatians 5:16–26, reconfiguring the relationship between spirit, lust, and will articulated in Paul's epistle. Paul counsels his audience not to “fulfil the lustes of the flesh,” which he enumerates in a format known to biblical scholars as a vice-list. If the lusts of the flesh dictate behaviors, the sinner, says Paul, lacks self-control: “ye can not do the same things that ye wolde.” Paul counters those lusts with “the spirit,” which signifies a moral freedom resulting from the regenerating effects of divine grace and produces in the “new man” a set of behaviors which Paul particularizes in the counterpart of the vice-list, a virtue list. The lusts of the flesh, says Paul, bar one from kingdom of God, while the actions of the spirit lead to salvation. In Sonnet 129, rhetorical features such as the opposition between lust and spirit, an extensive “vice list,” and a disquisition on the loss of self-control brought on by passion link the sonnet to Paul's epistle. Shakespeare handles the Pauline material with brutal irony, reducing spirit from a sign of God's regenerating influence to a synonym for semen and proceeding to a radically pessimistic conclusion on the inability of the individual “shun the heaven” of sexual pleasure “that leads men to [the] hell” of lust.
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Skip Smith, D. K. "Interview with Robert A. Lindsay, Vice President, Public Affairs and Communication for Coca-Cola Africa Group, United Kingdom." Journal of African Business 3, no. 2 (2002): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j156v03n02_08.
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Munandar, Agus Aris. "Majapahit and the Contemporary Kingdoms: Interactions and Views." Berkala Arkeologi 40, no. 1 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v40i1.522.
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This study discusses the interactions between Majapahit and other kingdoms from a contemporary time in Nusantara, Southeast Asia, India, and China and vice versa. The aim is to formulate the interaction between Majapahit and contemporary kingdoms and vice versa based on existing data. This is an ancient historical study that was conducted in three stages, namely: collecting data contained in written sources such as inscriptions, literary works, and Chinese Chronicles, and archaeological data. The second stage was a data analysis by linking data from written sources with other data, to look for elements that support each other, and always refer to the phenomenon of the study framework. The third stage included an interpretation to gain conclusions. According to the data analysis by examining Majapahit's contemporary regions and kingdoms, it turned out that the kingdom applied the basic concept of Tri Angga which refers to the macrocosm concept of Tri Loka. Majapahit's relationship with India is not as dynamic as that of China, instead, there is a view that India is religiously no longer a reference to Hinduism and Buddhism.
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Kroppenberg, Inge, and Nikolaus Linder. "Kroppenberg, Inge/Nikolaus Linder, „…als große Unruhen in Göttingen wegen der Gensd'armen Statt fanden …“. Gustav Hugo und die Studentenunruhen 1809/10." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (2019): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0006.
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Abstract Gustav Hugo and the Göttingen student riots 1809/10. This paper deals with legal transplants during the Napoleonic era in Germany. Among the many changes introduced in the French ‘model kingdom’ of Westphalia, founded in 1806, were the introduction of the Code Napoléon and a complete reorganization of the judiciary. One of the institutions severely affected by these developments was the venerable University of Göttingen with its ancient privileges and royal prerogatives. The famous Romanist und founder of the Historical School, Gustav Hugo, was at its helm during the most turbulent phase of this reorganization. His achievements as vice rector are the subject of the second part of the paper.
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Šípek, Richard. "The Encovany Castle Library of Oswald (1524–1589) and Rudolf (1565–1602) Schönfeld von Schönfeld." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 64, no. 1-2 (2019): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2019-0001.
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In 1623, the property of Ladislaus Seydlitz von Schönfeld was confiscated and immediately purchased by Polyxena of Lobkowicz. It also included the Encovany estate with Seydlitz’s library, the core of which was the book collection of the previous two lords at Encovany, the Vice--Chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia Oswald Schönfeld von Schönfeld (1524–1589) and his son Rudolf (1565–1602). Provenance research into the Library of the Monastery of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin in Roudnice nad Labem and the Roudnice Lobkowicz Library has identified fragments of the earliest Encovany library. The article provides the basic information not only on fragments of this Renaissance castle library but also on the fates of its first owners.
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Guitard, Emilie. "The sacred king as a waste heap in northern Cameroon." Journal of Material Culture 22, no. 4 (2017): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183517725096.
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In this article, the author considers waste (bodily excreta, the remains of daily activities, discarded artefacts) as the result of a process whereby material items are disembodied or excorporated. In the ancient kingdom of the Guiziga Bui Marva in northern Cameroon, the waste produced by each subject ended up on a large waste heap accumulated by the king. The bodily conducts of the king and his subjects were such as to identify the monarch with the heap according to the tenets of African sacred kingship. Contemporary ethnographic evidence sheds light on the history of the region and vice versa. It documents enduring bodily practices over the last couple of centuries, and the significant changes that affected them in regard to the production of given religious subjectivities.
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BELLIN, GIANLUIGI. "Subnets of proof-nets in multiplicative linear logic with MIX." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 7, no. 6 (1997): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129597002326.
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This paper studies the properties of the subnets of a proof-net for first-order Multiplicative Linear Logic without propositional constants (MLL−), extended with the rule of Mix: from [vdash ]Γ and [vdash ]Δ infer [vdash ]Γ, Δ. Asperti's correctness criterion and its interpretation in terms of concurrent processes are extended to the first-order case. The notions of kingdom and empire of a formula are extended from MLL− to MLL−+MIX. A new proof of the sequentialization theorem is given. As a corollary, a system of proof-nets is given for De Paiva and Hyland's Full Intuitionistic Linear Logic with Mix; this result gives a general method for translating Abramsky-style term assignments into proof-nets, and vice versa.
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Łęt, Blanka. "Oil Prices and Stock Markets in Europe: Detection of Extreme Risk Spillover." Financial Assets and Investing 10, no. 1 (2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2019-1-3.
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The goal of this paper is to check existence of Granger causality in risk between eleven European stock markets and crude oil market. We analyze bidirectional instantaneous and delayed Granger causality in tails test results, i.e. whether occurrence of the extreme returns on the crude oil market precede similar events on the main European stock markets and vice versa. Using Brent futures prices and main stock indices in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom), we apply testing procedure developed by Candelon and Tokpavi (2016). The main conclusion is that in the vast majority of cases instantaneous causality in tails was symmetrical. We also found that more long-lived reaction appeared as a result to the negative news from the oil market and from the stock markets.
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Tharmalingam, Selvarajah, and Ali M. Al-Wedyan. "Pronominalization of Social Actors on Universities’ Websites: Effectiveness and Constitutiveness from a Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 4 (2016): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i4.9639.
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<p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">Discursive construction of staff identities at universities’ websites is deliberately created to categorically identify the staff according to their positions. The constructions of these identities are normally implicit in nature. The study attempts to identify the power relations with regard to the ‘WE’ and ‘I’ dichotomy in discourse from a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective. In addition, corpus techniques also aided this study to find the collocates of these two pronouns. Transitivity analysis was conducted to categorise processes associated with each pronoun. So, the processes associated with each pronoun are a way of identifying the role played at the institution level. The focus was on specific personal pronouns ‘We’ and ‘I’ for their use, mainly, as inclusive and exclusive strategies. The data was collected from international universities’ websites. The text was selected from the ‘welcome note/letter’ by Rectors, Vice Rectors, Chancellors, Vice Chancellors, and Presidents. The universities selected for this study are from various geographical areas, namely; Universiti Science Malaysia (USM) in Malaysia, Yarmouk University (YU) in Jordan, and University of Birmingham (UB) in the United Kingdom. The analysis indicates that the use of the pronouns has a social and administrative hierarchical significance. The social actors are represented according to the specified role to play in their respective institutions.</span></p>
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Ahyat, Ita Syamtasiyah. "Masyarakat Dayak di Kesultanan Kutai pada Abad Ke-19." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 1, no. 1 (2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v1i1.3.
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<p>The Dayak people of Kalimantan, who have occupied in the territory of Kutai Sultanate, the water kingdom along the riverbank and the upper course of the Mahakam, live by trading in the river ways. The Dayak people consist of eleven tribes; the Kenyah, Kayan, Bahau, Tunjung, Benua, and Bentian, were only some of them. They were governed under the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Kutai which had made easier for the colonial government to subdue the territory. However, the people of Kutai found ways to accept the Dayak, and vice versa. They sold forest produce, such as resin, birds’ nests,rice, and wax. At the time when the Dutch annexed the area under her state, the Dayak was prohibited to do business, and the Dutch became the sole proprietor of the region, exploiting rattan besides others.</p>
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Al Moklafee, Turki. "The Role of Al Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Emerging Crises: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis." Dirasat: Educational Sciences 49, no. 1 (2022): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/edu.v49i1.718.
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This study aims to identify the role of Al Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the management of emerging crises: coronavirus (COVID-19). The sample of the study consisted of (169) individuals of faculty deans, vice-deans, heads of departments and teaching staff of Al Qassim University. A survey descriptive method was used through applying a questionnaire consisted of (44) items divided into three domains, namely: the management of teaching and learning process, scientific research and community service. The results of study showed that the management of teaching and learning process domain came in the first rank, then community service domain ranked second and scientific research domain ranked last. The estimates of the study sample to the domains of the questionnaire as a whole was at moderate degree. Also, the results of study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences among average estimates of individuals of the study sample on the domains of the role of Al Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the management of emerging crises: coronavirus (COVID-19) as a whole, due to the study variables: (faculty, job title, academic rank and experience). The study has concluded a series of recommendations, the most prominent among which are: giving greater attention to deliver counselling and psychological support to students during emerging crises.
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Rahman, Muhammad Muhitur, Syed Masiur Rahman, Mohammad Shahedur Rahman, Md Arif Hasan, Syed Abu Shoaib, and Sayeed Rushd. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Solid Waste Management in Saudi Arabia—Analysis of Growth Dynamics and Mitigation Opportunities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041737.
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The continuous growth in population, urbanization, and industrial development has been increasing the generation of solid waste (SW) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Consequently, the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is also following an increasing trend. The collection and use of greenhouse gases emitted from solid waste management practices are still limited. A causality analysis examined the driving factors of the emissions from solid waste management. The methane (CH4) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) increased with an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and urban population, and an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and literacy rate was likely to reduce CH4 emissions from municipal solid waste and vice versa. The CH4 emission generated from industrial solid wastes was found to be positively related to GDP per capita, urban population, and FDI inflows. However, a decrease in the unemployment rate was likely to increase CH4 emissions from industrial solid wastes. The future greenhouse gas emissions were projected under different possible socio-economic conditions. The scenario analysis based on different variations of population and GDP growth revealed that methane emission from total waste would increase at an average annual rate of 5.13% between 2020 and 2050, and is projected to reach about 4000 Gg by the end of the year 2050. Although the Kingdom has been taking some initiatives towards climate change mitigation, it has significant opportunities to adopt some of the best practices in solid waste management including reduction, recycling, composting and waste-to-energy, and carbon capture and utilization. This study also put emphasis on developing appropriate policy approaches for climate change mitigation based on the circular economy which is gaining momentum in the Kingdom.
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Hobolt, Sara Binzer, and Robert Klemmemsen. "Responsive Government? Public Opinion and Government Policy Preferences in Britain and Denmark." Political Studies 53, no. 2 (2005): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00534.x.
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The ability of a political system to respond to the preferences of its citizens is central to democratic theory and practice; yet most empirical research on government responsiveness has concentrated on the United States. As a result, we know very little about the nature of government policy responsiveness in Europe and we have a poor understanding of the conditions that affect cross-national variations. This comparative study examines the relationship between public opinion and policy preferences in the United Kingdom and Denmark during the past three decades. We address two key questions: First, are the government's policy intentions driven by public opinion or vice versa? Second, do political institutions influence the level of government responsiveness? We suggest that public opinion tends to drive the government's policy intentions due to the threat of electoral sanction, and that this is more pronounced in proportional systems than in majoritarian democracies.
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McKelvey, Fenwick, and Jill Piebiak. "Porting the political campaign: The NationBuilder platform and the global flows of political technology." New Media & Society 20, no. 3 (2016): 901–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816675439.
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Political parties rely on digital technologies to manage volunteering, fundraising, fieldwork, and data collection. They also need tools to manage web, email, and social media outreach. Increasingly, new political engagement platforms integrate these tasks into one unified system. These platforms pose important questions about the flows of political practices from campaigns to platforms and vice versa as well as across campaigns globally. NationBuilder is a critical case in their study. It is a leading non-partisan platform used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The case of NationBuilder in Canada analyzes how political engagement platforms coordinate the global flows of politics. Through interviews, we find reciprocal influence among developers, party activists, consultants, and the NationBuilder platform. We call this process porting. It results in NationBuilder becoming a more portable global platform in tandem with becoming an imported, hybridized part of a campaign’s digital infrastructure.
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O'Brien, Bruce R. "Forgers of Law and Their Readers: The Crafting of English Political Identities between the Norman Conquest and the Magna Carta." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 03 (2010): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510000594.
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A short time after 1206 and before 1215, a Londoner assembled a massive collection of older and near contemporary English laws, called theLeges Anglorumby historians, and inserted long interpolations and spurious codes that enunciated many of the principles that guided the baronial opposition to King John and later became part of the Magna Carta. To those familiar with the struggle leading up to the creation of the Magna Carta, these principles should cause no surprise. These ancient laws were made to proclaim that “in the kingdom right and justice ought to reign more than perverse will” (ECf4, 11.1.A.6; Liebermann 1903, 635). In another part of the collection, King Arthur, making his first appearance in English law, is credited with establishing as law the requirement that all nobles, knights, and freemen of the whole kingdom of Britain swear “to defend the kingdom against foreigners and enemies” (ECf4, 32.A.5–7; Liebermann 1903, 655). More surprising is the attribution of the regularly assembled Hustings court in London to the Trojans (who became the Britons). The seventh-century West Saxon king, Ine, suddenly looms large in the ranks of Britain's lawmakers; he not only reigns for the good of all, but is also given the lordly virtues of twelfth-century chivalric romance: he is “generous, wise, prudent, moderate, strong, just, spirited, and warlike” (as was appropriate for the time and place) (ECf4, 32.C.2, 32.C.8; Liebermann 1903, 658–59). A confection of bits of other law, attributed here to King Alfred, orders an end to vice, national education for freemen, and unity for all “as if sworn brothers for the utility of the kingdom” (Leges Angl, Pseudo-Alfred 1–6; Liebermann 1894, 19–20). Finally, in the grandest statement of English political ambition, Arthur appears again as the great conqueror, whose spirit was not satisfied by Britain alone: “Courageously and speedily he subjugated all Scandinavia, which is now called Norway, and all the islands beyond, namely Iceland and Greenland, which belong to Norway, Sweden, Ireland, Gotland, Denmark, Samland, Vinland, Curland, Runoe, Finland, Wirland, Estland, Karelien,Lapland, and all other lands and islands of the eastern Ocean as far as Russia” (ECf4, 32.E; Liebermann 1903, 659).
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Yusuf, Maulana. "Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat." Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 11, no. 01 (2011): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v11i01.478.
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The world of islam in umayyah and absiyyah dynasties was in the world in the hand of a single leader, however since the 10th century raised a new development by the presence of new leaders who was appointed buy khalifah as the vice leader in some islamic world who were finally became the independent leader. Also, there were some leaders who againts the abasiyyah kahlifah and declared the mselves the conguers of islamic world, such as umayyag dynasti is spain, fatimiyah dynasti in the north africa, and the establishments of three well-know kingdom: turki usmani, safawi, and mughal in india with its own glory and victory. Unfotunstely, the victory of islam began to lose its glow in the 19th century when the islamic world was politically collaps and became worse as accordance with the raise of west from the dark ages into light which support freedom and science that contrast t=with the islamic world in colonialism.
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Gambles, Anna. "Free Trade and State Formation: The Political Economy of Fisheries Policy in Britain and the United Kingdom circa 1780–1850." Journal of British Studies 39, no. 3 (2000): 288–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386221.
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It is striking that historians of the early nineteenth century have been relatively reluctant to consider relationships between economic policy and the consolidation of the British state. In today's context, the economic and political challenges posed by both European integration and resurgent nationalism have generated hotly contested controversies on the political economy of state formation. From the perspective of the United Kingdom, the prospect of political and administrative devolution has forced us to address the implications of political decentralization for regional economic development (and vice versa) and to consider in turn the impact of these dynamics on the political integrity of a multinational state. For Britain, the period between circa 1780 and 1850 was characterized by unprecedented economic growth, imperial crisis and acquisition, and political consolidation. In a metropolitan sense the most dramatic feature of this process was, of course, the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800. Insofar as historians of early nineteenth-century Britain have examined the relationship between “state formation” and economic policy, however, they have tended to focus on the ideas, politics, and pressures surrounding the retreat of the state from economic intervention. Thus in more general accounts it became axiomatic that the nineteenth-century state shrank progressively from social and economic intervention, liberating commerce, and resting the fiscal system on secure but modest direct taxation.More recently, the relationship between the concept of “laissez-faire” and British state formation has been dramatically revised and refined by Philip Harling and Peter Mandler.
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Górak, Artur G. "Sex, Lies and Career. Piquant Motifs of the Lives of Russian Dignitaries." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 3 (2021): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.305.
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On the eve of the World War I, the western peripheries of the Russian Empire were home to diasporas of Russian officials, military men and their families. Being isolated from local communities but at the same time highly hierarchically organised, they functioned solely within their own circle. Everyone knew one another to the most intimate detail. Nevertheless, their private lives often failed to meet the requirements imposed on the Russian officials residing in the borderland, which was reflected in the reports of the gendarmerie and memoirs, but silenced in the official documents of the institutions. Every once in a while, a lucky historian happens to stumble upon an opportunity to look at the same event from different angles through various types of sources. By presenting various cases of informal relations of Russian dignitaries (governors and vice-governors) with women in the Kingdom of Poland, the article analyses their impact on life and career. The author introduces the reader to characters of three Russian officials, of middle ranking on the scale of empire and dignitaries in the local hierarchy. The first, Mikhail Viktorovich Seletsky, the vice-governor of Lublin, despite his very good education and qualifications, committed suicide as a result of unhappy love for the governor’s daughter. The second, Ivan Dmitrievich Zaushkevich, the vice-governor of Sedlets, was ruined by a scandal with his mistresses, Jewish sisters, by whom he had children. In contrast, the third, Semyon Nikolaevich Korf, governor of Lomzhа and then Warsaw, despite his rather licentious behavior, made a relatively good career, which was only temporarily stopped by his stay in German captivity. The presented examples show the discrepancy between the official image of a representative of power with a rather conservative ideology and their everyday life, especially their sexual life. So, on the one hand, their way of life did not differ from the social norms of the time, which were already quite free at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, especially on the western edge of the Empire. On the other hand, they were criticized by their superiors and the political police.
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Tisserant, Constance, and Arne Weiberg. "Extracellular vesicles in plant host-microbe interaction." How cells communicate - an introduction to extracellular vesicles 1, no. 1 (2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47184/tev.2019.01.07.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted lipid bilayer membrane particles that are increasingly drawing attention due to their potential role in intercellular communication. EVs have been mainly reported in mammalian systems, but are also found in non-mammalian classes, such as Archeae, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, invertebrates and plants. Over the last decade, EV research on mammalian systems has been massively advanced driven by the interests and applications of the biomedical field, while research on non-mammalian EVs that aims to understand the biological origins and functions of EVs remains rather descriptive and premature. Nevertheless, recent pioneering works resulted in novel concepts that place EVs carrying regulatory small RNAs as central players in inter-species and cross-kingdom communication with emphasis on host-pathogen, host-parasite and host-microbiome interactions. EVs transport small RNAs from microbe/pathogen/parasite to animal or plant hosts, and vice versa, which results in the manipulation of host immunity or microbial virulence, respectively. This article highlights some of the latest discoveries regarding EV-mediated communication across species and kingdoms with a special focus on plants and their interacting microbes.
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Kiriana, I. Nyoman. "SINKRETISME DALAM AGAMA HINDU DAN BUDDHA DI BALI." Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 1, no. 2 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v1i2.52.
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In religious life, at first the existence of Hindu and Buddhist very harmonious and contradictory in their home country, namely India. But the two religions in Indosesia seem very harmonious, especially in the era of the Majapahit kingdom. Moreover, the existence of Hinduism and Buddhism in Bali very harmony and even complement each other in practice and spiritual order. Buddhism is very much a substance similar to the teachings of Hinduism. In some Hindu literature was found a lot in common with the essence of Buddhism, and vice versa. Very often found literature-literature that reflects the harmony of both religions, among others: <em>Lontar Siwagama, Kekawin Mahabharata, Ramayana Kekawin, Kekawin Arjuna Wiwaha, Kekawin Bharata Yudha </em>and<em> Kekawin Sutasoma, Sanghyang Kamahayanikan, Bubugsah Gagakaking</em> and so on. By looking at it as if the two religions fused in practice in Bali, especially in the implementation of religious activities such as the ritual tawur agung in connection with the celebration of Nyepi Saka as the New Year.
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Roche, Thomas, and Suzi Syme. "Enabling Future Directions: NAEEA Invited Panel." Student Success 9, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v9i1.428.
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To bookend the 6th Biennial National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA) Conference, five invited speakers joined a panel on the future directions of enabling education locally and globally: David Bull, founding and outgoing Chair of the Association and also the Director of the University of Southern Queensland’s Open Access College, Australia; Professor Mike Osborne, Director of the Centre for Research and Chair of Adult and Lifelong Learning (CR&DALL) at the University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Professor Karen Nelson Pro Vice-Chancellor (Students) at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia; Professor Norm Sheehan, a Wiradjuri man and Director of Gnibi College at Southern Cross University, Australia; Associate Professor Nick Zepke Massey University, New Zealand. The panel discussion was facilitated by Karen Seary, Associate Dean at CQUniversity and recently elected Chair of the NAEEA. The panellists encouraged NAEEA members to strengthen enabling practice through a robust approach to research and documenting their practice whilst focusing on students and their success. The following excerpts were taken from a transcription of the panel by the authors, who have made all attempts to ensure the accuracy of information presented.
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Ma, Rui, Tae Hyun Jung, Peter N. Peduzzi, Sheldon T. Brown, and Tassos C. Kyriakides. "Analysis of the Impact of Antiretroviral Drug Changes on Survival of Patients with Advanced-Stage AIDS with Multidrug-Resistant HIV Infection." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821984910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219849101.
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Objectives: This article aims to elucidate the relationship between antiretroviral (ARV) medication changes and all-cause mortality using a total of 368 patients recruited from the United States (78%), United Kingdom (11%), and Canada (11%). Methods: Data sources included demographic characteristics, ARV treatment history and modifications, and clinical biomarker data from the completed OPTions In Management with Antiretrovirals clinical trial. Descriptive analysis and graphical trajectory representation of ARV drug modifications and biomarker changes were undertaken. Three hypotheses aimed at assessing the impact of ARV modification parameters on clinical outcomes were tested. Kaplan-Meier survival techniques as well as Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed. Results: Results from the analyses suggest that (1) switching therapy strategy from an intensified ARV regimen to a less intense one or vice versa, (2) having a moderate number (up to 2) of ARV drug changes per 6 months, and (3) changes based on clinical/HIV-related reasons or nonclinical reasons compared to ARV drug regimen changes due to clinical non-HIV reasons improved survival. Conclusion: Modifications in the ARV regimens of HIV-infected patients with multidrug resistance are associated with improved survival.
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Araújo, Antônio Maria Henri Beyle de, Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa, and Edilson Paulo. "The cyclicality of loan loss provisions under three different accounting models: the United Kingdom, Spain, and Brazil." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 29, no. 76 (2017): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201804490.
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ABSTRACT A controversy involving loan loss provisions in banks concerns their relationship with the business cycle. While international accounting standards for recognizing provisions (incurred loss model) would presumably be pro-cyclical, accentuating the effects of the current economic cycle, an alternative model, the expected loss model, has countercyclical characteristics, acting as a buffer against economic imbalances caused by expansionary or contractionary phases in the economy. In Brazil, a mixed accounting model exists, whose behavior is not known to be pro-cyclical or countercyclical. The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of these accounting models in relation to the business cycle, using an econometric model consisting of financial and macroeconomic variables. The study allowed us to identify the impact of credit risk behavior, earnings management, capital management, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) behavior, and the behavior of the unemployment rate on provisions in countries that use different accounting models. Data from commercial banks in the United Kingdom (incurred loss), in Spain (expected loss), and in Brazil (mixed model) were used, covering the period from 2001 to 2012. Despite the accounting models of the three countries being formed by very different rules regarding possible effects on the business cycles, the results revealed a pro-cyclical behavior of provisions in each country, indicating that when GDP grows, provisions tend to fall and vice versa. The results also revealed other factors influencing the behavior of loan loss provisions, such as earning management.
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Martínez Molina, Javier. "Juan Bautista Casabona, un indiano en la Zaragoza de la Ilustración: estudio de su casa-palacio (1768-1769), obra del arquitecto Agustín Sanz." Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, no. 23 (October 20, 2013): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/cesxviii.23.2013.101-128.
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Este artículo se ocupa de la casa-palacio de Juan Bautista Casabona en Zaragoza (1768-1769), un indiano enriquecido que regresó a su ciudad natal tras muchos años en América trabajando al servicio de José Antonio Manso de Velasco, virrey del Perú. El edificio fue diseñado y construido en la época de la Ilustración por el importante arquitecto aragonés Agustín Sanz Alós, siendo una de las obras más destacadas de su etapa de afianzamiento profesional, que se desarrolló entre 1762 y 1775. En este escrito, se estudian aspectos tales como: los antecedentes del inmueble, su proceso de encargo, diseño y construcción, o su devenir posterior. También se describe y analiza el edificio desde un punto de vista artístico. La biografía de Juan Bautista Casabona se estudia de manera breve al principio del artículo.PALABRAS CLAVEArquitectura, Ilustración, Barroco Clasicista, Zaragoza, casa-palacio, Juan Bautista Casabona, Agustín Sanz, indiano, Virreinato del Perú, José Antonio Manso de Velasco. This paper is about the Palace-house of Juan Bautista Casabona in Zaragoza (1768-1769), a prosperous Spanish-American who came back to his native city after having spent many years in America working at the service of José Antonio Manso de Velasco, Vice-King of Peru. The building was designed and constructed in the Age of Enlightenment by the well-known Aragonese architect Agustín Sanz de Alós and it is one of the most prominent works of his professional consolidation period, which has developed between 1762 and 1775. The paper addresses aspects such as the history of the building, its ordering, design, and construction processes, or its later evolution. The building is also described and analysed from an artistic viewpoint. The biography of Juan Bautista Casabona is briefly studied at the beginning of the paper.KEY WORDSArchitecture, Enlightenment, Classical Baroque, Zaragoza, Palace-house, Juan Bautista Casabona, Agustín Sanz, Spanish-American, Vice-Kingdom of Peru, José Antonio Manso de Velasco
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Shkulipa, Lyudmyla. "Analysis of Impact of Changes in IFRSs on Convergence of Accounting Systems in World." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 31, no. 3 (2021): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2021-0015.
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Abstract The article examines the impact of updated IFRS on the current convergence of national accounting and reporting rules in Japan, the USA, China, France, Germany, the UK, and Ukraine based on a theoretical analysis of 59 rules and concepts of IFRS. The new differences between the updated IFRS and GAAP of these countries based on the comparative analysis were revealed. The results of the study show currently Ukraine (51%) and the United Kingdom (47%) are the most convergent with IFRS, although their degree of convergence has decreased significantly after recent innovations in IFRS; a new question arises for the UK after Brexit regarding the further application of IFRS; countries with strong national accounting traditions continue to avoid rapid changes in their GAAP; 4) the increase in the convergence of GAAP Japan with IFRS will not be possible shortly. The conclusion states that the main obstacle in the convergent process GAAP and IFRS is that: 1) IFRS are changing based on GAAP USA, rather than vice versa; 2) IFRS do not belong to the “stable to change standards”, so users have a certain distrust of the declared high quality of IFRS. The study results add significant novelty to scientific and practical research on the impact of frequent changes in IFRS both locally and internationally.
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Crook, John R. "The 2003 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice." American Journal of International Law 98, no. 2 (2004): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3176732.
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The International Court of Justice again completed a substantial program of work during 2003, with old and new cases involving the United States figuring prominendy. In a decision that will find Hide favor in official Washington, the Court dismissed Iran's 1992 Oil Platforms case against the United States, but in doing so firmly rejected U.S. positions regarding the scope of self-defense. Libya withdrew its venerable Lockerbie cases against the United States and the United Kingdom, in parallel with its acceptance of responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing and the final lifting of UN sanctions. And Mexico sued the United States, claiming failures of consular notification for fifty-four Mexican nationals sentenced to death in U.S. proceedings, the third such ICJ case against the United States.In other significant developments, the General Assembly in December asked die Court for an urgent advisory opinion on die legal consequences of the Israeli construction of a wall in occupied Palestinian territory. Malaysia and Singapore brought a new territorial dispute by special agreement; France consented to jurisdiction over a suit by the Republic of the Congo; and the Court rejected requests by Yugoslavia and El Salvador to revise earlier judgments. Finally, the Court elected Judge Shijiuyong of China as its president and Judge Raymond Ranjeva as vice president.
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Laughlin, John C. H. "“To the God Who is in Dan”: The Archaeology and History of Biblical Dan." Review & Expositor 106, no. 3 (2009): 323–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730910600304.
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This article consists of two foci. First, the archaeological history of Tel Dan as revealed by the longest running excavation ever conducted in Israel will be surveyed. Emphasis will be given to the major periods of known urbanization of the site: The Early Bronze Age; the Middle Bronze Age; and the Iron Age II. The materials dated to Iron Age II will be especially emphasized because they have the most significance for any attempt to understand the city of Dan during the biblical period. The second issue to be discussed is the thorny one of relating biblical texts to archaeological data or vice-versa. The Bible is not written as straightforward history, whatever that may be. Thus biblical texts cannot often be taken at face value in evaluating their historical content. It will be argued that is especially true of the mostly negative and hostile attitude seen towards the City of Dan in the Bible. It will be concluded that this view of Dan is due to the literary formation and editing of the texts as we now have them in the Bible. This hostility represents a Judean perspective which is very negative of the northern kingdom of Israel that was created after the death of Solomon.
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Ljusic, Rados. "Ilija Garasanin on Serbia's statehood." Balcanica, no. 39 (2008): 131–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0839131l.
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A subject usually neglected in the historical work on Ilija Garasanin?s role as a statesman has been discussed. Attention has been drawn to the legal status of Serbia at the moment Garasanin entered civil service and how it changed during the thirty years of his political career (1837?67). The first part of the paper looks at his views against the background of three vitally important issues for Serbia?s legal status at the time: the constitutional issue, the issue of hereditary succession and the issue of internal independence. His views on the three issues reflect his understanding of the existing status of the Principality of Serbia. The second part of the paper looks at how he envisaged a future Serbian state. Its largest portion is naturally devoted to the ideas put forth in the Nacertanije (1844), the first programme of nineteenth-century Serbia?s national and foreign policy. It also looks at Garasanin?s attempt, made through the Serbian representative at the Porte in the revolutionary year 1848, to achieve the reorganization of the Ottoman Empire into a dual monarchy with the Serbian United States (or a Serbian vice-kingdom) as a constituent state. Finally, attention has been paid to the creation of a Balkan alliance through agreements concluded by Balkan states.
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Warren, Kenneth. "The Politics of Industry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 3 (1992): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_069_02.
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From a career in the aeronautical and electronics industry, rising from the shop floor and university to management, Kenneth Warren entered Parliament in 1970. During his time in Parliament he has been Chairman of the Conservative Back-Bench Aviation Committee and of the Western European Union's Science and Technology Committee. For four years he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Sir Keith Joseph in the Department of Trade and Industry and then Education and Science. Currently he is Chairman of the British Russian Parliamentary Group as well as the Select Committee on Trade and Industry. Having visited some eighty countries, led parliamentary delegations overseas on a number of occasions and contributed papers at technical conferences in the United Kingdom, the United States, Holland, France, Japan and Hungary, he has a world-wide interest in the development of engineering and markets for technology. Communication between industry and politics and vice versa is not at the level of quality required in a major supplier/customer relationship. The author will develop a thesis on how this interface can be eroded. He will base his lecture on a background of international experience in politics and industry, including the Chairmanship of the Select Committee on Trade and Industry and as one of the four qualified engineers in the House of Commons.
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Tahirović, Husref, and Brigitte Fuchs. "Kornelija Rakić: A Woman Doctor for Women and Children in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.338.
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<p>This short biography focuses on the life and medical activities of Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952), a Serbian female pioneer of medicine from the then Hungarian province of Vojvodina, who acquired an MD from the University of Budapest in 1905. Rakić came from a humble background, and a Vojvodina Serbian women’s organization enabled her to become a physician and pursue her social medicine mission. After a futile attempt to open a private practice as a “woman doctor for women” in Novi Sad in 1906, she successfully applied to the Austro-Hungarian provincial government in Sarajevo for the position of an official female physician in occupied Bosnia. Rakić began her career as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912) and was transferred to Banja Luka in 1912 and to Mostar in 1917–1918. Kornelija Rakić stayed in Mostar after the monarchy collapsed in 1918 and continued to work as a public health officer in the service of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, founded in 1918. Subsequently, she served as the head of the “dispensary for mothers and children” at the Public Health Centre in Mostar, founded in 1929, where she practiced until her retirement in 1949. After World War II, Rakić served as Vice President of the Red Cross Society in Mostar. She received numerous awards and medals from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. Kornelija Rakić died in Mostar in 1952 and was buried at the local Orthodox cemetery of Bjelušine.</p><p><strong> Conclusion</strong>. Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952) was the first Serbian female physician in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, and she was employed as an AH official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912), Banja Luka (1912–1917) and Mostar (1917–1918). After World War I, she participated in the establishment and expansion of public health institutions in Mostar and Herzegovina from 1918–1949 against the backdrop of the devastation of the two World Wars.</p>
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Lalević-Vasić, Bosiljka M. "The First Serbian Dermatovenereologist - Jevrem Žujović." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology 4, no. 4 (2012): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10249-012-0050-3.
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Abstract In the early 19th century, after several centuries of slavery, Serbia was liberated and along with the overall organization of the country, health services were formed. The first specialists appeared at the end of the century, among them our first dermatovenereologist, Dr. Jevrem Žujović. He was born in 1860 in Belgrade. He attended high school in Belgrade and in 1885 he graduated from School of Medicine in Paris. Dr. Žujović specialized in dermatovenereology in Paris, with Prof. Fournier as his mentor. He was the first Head of the Department of Skin Diseases and Syphilis at the General Public Hospital since 1889. He organized specialized services all over Serbia. His activity in the work of the Serbian Medical Society was very appreciated. Dr. Žujović studied endemic syphilis and leprosy, and translated A. Fournier’s book “Syphilis and Marriage”, and Loraine’s “Prostitution and Degeneration”. Together with M. Jovanović-Batut, he wrote “Instructions on Syphilis”. As an Army Medical Officer, Dr. Žujović participated in the Serbo-Bulgarian war (1885), the First and the Second Balkan War and in the First World War (1912 - 1918). He was the vice-president of the Society of the Red Cross of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the first president of the newly-founded Association of Dermatovenereologists of Yugoslavia. He was a recipient of many awards and decorations. Jevrem Žujović retired in 1927, and passed away in 1944.
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Nicol, Donald M. "The Byzantine view of Papal Sovereignty." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 9 (1991): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001939.
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THE idea of papal sovereignty was foreign to the Byzantines. They had trouble enough trying to understand the Western interpretation of papal primacy. Papal ‘sovereignty’ was beyond them, unintelligible, unreasonable, and unhistorical. It is true that the East Roman Christians, whom for convenience we call Byzantines, did not all live in one generation. Their cultural and political roots were in Constantinople, the ancient Byzantium; and their empire endured in one form or another for 1,100 years, from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries. In so long a span their ideas naturally evolved and changed, as did their society. But their concept of the order of the Christian world remained stable. It was based upon the formula devised by the first Christian historian, Eusebius of Caesarea, in the fourth century. The formula was an amalgam of pre-Christian, Hellenistic notions of monarchy, with Old and New Testament elements. The Christian Roman Emperor was the elect of God and, as God’s vice-gerent on earth, he ruled over what was the terrestrial reflection, albeit a poor copy, of the Kingdom of Heaven. His patriarchs or supreme bishops of the Christian Empire, especially the Patriarch of Constantinople, his capital city, were the spiritual heads of the Christian world, acting in harmony with him. Church and State were therefore one, indissoluble and interdependent.
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Vlachantoni, Athina, Maria Evandrou, Jane Falkingham, and Madelin Gomez-Leon. "Caught in the middle in mid-life: provision of care across multiple generations." Ageing and Society 40, no. 7 (2019): 1490–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000047.
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AbstractWith a large baby-boomer generation entering mid-later life in the United Kingdom, and families spanning across multiple generations, understanding how individuals support multiple generations is of increasing research and policy significance. Data from the British 1958 National Child Development Study, collected when respondents were aged 55, are used to examine how mid-life women and men allocate their time to support elderly parents/parents-in-law and their own adult children in terms of providing grandchild care, and whether there is a trade-off in caring for different generations. Binary logistic and multinomial regression models distinguish between individuals supporting multiple generations, only one generation or none. One-third of mid-life individuals are ‘sandwiched’ between multiple generations, by having at least one parent/parent-in-law and one grandchild alive. Among them, half are simultaneously supporting both generations. Caring for grandchildren increases the probability of also supporting one's parents/parents-in-law, and vice versa. More intense support for one generation is associated with a higher likelihood of supporting the other generation. Good health is associated with caring for multiple generations for men and women, while working part-time or not at all is associated with such care provision for women only. Facilitating mid-life men and women in responding to family support demands whilst maintaining paid employment will be critical in fostering future intergenerational support.
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AlZarea, Bader K. "Dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of geriatric patients attending the College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (2017): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_69_17.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of geriatric patients attending the College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 60 years and above were included in this study. The World Health Organization oral health assessment pro forma was employed to record the data pertaining to the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs of participants. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) Version 20.0. Differences in proportions were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of 286 edentulous patients, 69.06% needed some form of prosthetic treatment, 73.77% did not have any prosthesis in upper arch, and 80.06% did not have any prosthesis in lower arch. Out of 162 males, 32.09% and 26.54% had prosthesis in upper and lower arch, respectively. Among 124 females, 18.54% and 19.35% had prosthesis in upper and lower arch, respectively. In males, the need for any type of prosthesis in upper and lower arch was 68.51% and 75.92%, respectively. In females, the need for prosthesis in upper and lower arch was 57.25% and 72.58%, respectively. The need for multiunit prosthesis was more in both arches in both genders. The need for complete denture and combination of single- or multiunit prosthesis was more among the males as compared to females in maxilla and vice versa for mandible. Conclusion: The observations of this study propose that the greater part of the prosthetic needs were insufficient among the geriatric people.
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Roddam, Andrew W., Christopher P. Price, Naomi E. Allen, and Anthony Milford Ward. "Assessing the Clinical Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Assay Variability and Nonequimolarity: A Simulation Study Based on the Population of the United Kingdom." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 6 (2004): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.031138.
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Abstract Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used serum biomarker to differentiate between malignant and benign prostate disease. Assays that measure PSA can be biased and/or nonequimolar and hence report significantly different PSA values for samples with the same nominal amount. This report investigates the effects of biased and nonequimolar assays on the decision to recommend a patient for a prostate biopsy based on age-specific PSA values. Methods: A simulation model, calibrated to the distribution of PSA values in the United Kingdom, was developed to estimate the effects of bias, nonequimolarity, and analytical imprecision in terms of the rates of men who are recommended to have a biopsy on the basis of their assay-reported PSA values when their true PSA values are below the threshold (false positives) or vice versa (false negatives). Results: False recommendation rates for a calibrated equimolar assay are 0.5–0.9% for analytical imprecision between 5% and 10%. Positive bias leads to significant increases in false positives and significant decreases in false negatives, whereas negative bias has the opposite effect. False-positive rates for nonequimolar assays increase from 0.5% to 13% in the worst-case scenario, whereas false-negative rates are almost always 0%. Conclusions: Biased and nonequimolar assays can have major detrimental effects on both false-negative and false-positive rates for recommending biopsy. PSA assays should therefore be calibrated to the International Standards and be unbiased and equimolar in response to minimize the likelihood of incorrect clinical decisions, which are potentially detrimental for both patient and healthcare provider.
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., USWATUN HASANAH, Dra Desak Made Oka Purnawati, M. Hum ., and Dr Tuty Maryati, M. Pd . "SYAHBANDAR PEREMPUAN NYAI AGENG PINATIH DI GRESIK, JAWA TIMUR (PERAN DAN KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA)." Widya Winayata: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 3 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjps.v8i3.29506.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan yaitu (1) mendeskripsikan sejarah tokoh Syahbandar Nyai Ageng Pinatih di Pelabuhan Gresik. (2) Peran Nyai Ageng Pinatih sebagai Syahbandar di Pelabuhan Gresik. (3) Aspek-aspek yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu Heuristik, Kritik Sumber, Interpretasi, dan Historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa (1) Nyai Ageng Pinatih adalah seorang syahbandar perempuan yang diangkat oleh Raja Kerajaan Majapahit Brawijaya V pada tahun 1458 M atau paruh terakhir abad ke-15. Beliau diangkat sebagai syahbandar karena beliau ahli dalam bidang perdagangan, taat beragama, jujur, mempunyai banyak relasi antar pedagang, dan menguasai banyak bahasa. (2) Peran Nyai Ageng Pinatih sebagai syahbandar di Pelabuhan Gresik yaitu menjadikan Pelabuhan Gresik ramai dikunjungi oleh saudagar, baik dalam skala regional Nusantara hinngga antar bangsa. Untuk menunjang aktivitas pelabuhan beliau membangun tempat pembuatan kapal dan peti, menyediakan kuda sebagai alat transportasi untuk mengangkut barang dari pedalaman menuju Pelabuhan ataupun sebaliknya. (3) Historiografi tentang Peran Syahbandar Nyai Ageng Pinatih dalam perdagangan di Nusantara dan antar bangsa dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA berkaitan dengan pokok bahasan Kerajaan-Kerajaan Maritim Pada Masa Kerajaan Hindu Budha dan Islam di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Syahbandar, Nyai Ageng Pinatih, Pelabuhan Gresik The aimed of this research is to; (1) describe the historical character of Syahbandar Nyai Ageng Pinatih at Gresik harbor, (2) the role of Nyai Ageng Pinatih as a Syahbandar at Gresik harbor, (3) some aspects that could be used as the source in learning the historical subject in Senior high school context. This research used historical method which are; Heuristics, Source of Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. The result of this research showed (1) Nyai Ageng Pinatih is a female syahbandar that was appointed by the Majapahit kingdom in the 15th century. She was appointed by the Fifth King, Brawijaya under Majapahit kingdom in 1458 or in the 15 century. As a syahbandar because she was professional in the trading field, religious, honest, has a lot of connection with the traders and multilingual. (2) the role of Nyai Ageng Pinatih as the Syahbandar in gresik harbor is to make lots of merchant comes to the harbor, both from the regional or between nations scale. She also built several facilities in the harbor such as, shipbuilding and crates, provides horses as the transportation tool to carry things from inland to the harbor or the vice versa. (3) The historic aspects of Syahbandar Nyai Ageng Pinatih can be used as a source in learning history subject for senior high school which in the line with the essence in learning the maritime from the kingdoms during Hindi Buddhist and muslim kingdom in Indonesia.keyword : Syahbandar, Nyai Ageng Pinatih, Gresik harbor
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Kryazhev, P. "The Posts of Governor-generals and Viceroys in Colonial Brazil." Problems of World History, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2017-4-5.
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In the article we examine the problem of posts’ rank for the governor-generals and viceroys of colonial Brazil in the system of Portuguese colonial management of the indicating overseas dominion. We found out the regalia and jurisdiction levels of indicating supreme posts. We emphasized on the contents of administrative and management system of Portugal in the context of its functioning in Brazil. We accented that indicating system had the form of monocracy which was synthesized with collegiate, public administrative authorities. These authorities functioned on the basis of hierarchical coherence principle. We indicated that jurisdiction of governor-generals and viceroys in Brazil were more limited compared with similar supreme posts in India. In the article we elucidate the fact that during 1549-1808 governor-generals and viceroys headed the administration of colonial Brazil. The powers of indicating supreme posts were regulated by numerous statutes. The last statute (1677) prolonged before arrival of Portuguese prince Joao and his royal court in Rio de Janeiro in 1808. According to this statute the list of powers of governor-generals and viceroys in Brazil was actually identical, except withdrawal of the norm about the fixed stay-term of viceroy on the post. It is accented that in difference from the vice-kingdom of India Portuguese crown didn’t provide the corresponding status for colony in South America. This fact demonstrates the privileged position of India among other overseas possessions of Portugal.
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Arlie, Thereen, Eko Harry Susanto, and Doddy Salman. "Komunikasi Antar Budaya: Studi Kasus Komunikasi Komunitas Yahudi di Jakarta." JURNAL SOSIAL Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 22, no. 1 (2021): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/sos.v22i1.78.
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Abstract— The Jews were descendants of Mr. Abraham, The Father of Isaac, and Jacob or known as Israel because Jacob prevailed during the struggle with God until his name was no longer Jacob but Israel. The Jews had a difficult time being made slaves by the Egyptians, oppressed by the Neo-Assyrian empire, and the Babylonian empire which led to the exile of the Jews from their homeland and enslaved, even got slaughtered by Hitler with the Nazis during world war II. This is what made the Jews move because they had nowhere to live. The arrival of Jews in Indonesia has been around since the Sriwijayan kingdom, they came as merchants and have inhabited the Indonesia for a long time. People of Jewish descent in Indonesia have a total of about 5000 people excluding Maluku which is up to 500,000 in number. In Indonesia there is a community for people of Jewish descent and Judaism namely The United Indonesian Jewish Community (UIJC) which was formed in 2010. Therefore, the author discusses whether the UIJC community has relations with Indonesian society or vice versa because Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. The methodology of this research is qualitative through case study method based on the results of data from informants / resource persons who have an impact on this research. Based on the interview, UIJC does not get negative stigma from the society.
 
 Keywords—: Jewish; Judaism; Community.
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Harris, Andrew. "‘Natural’ and ‘Unnatural’ medical deaths and coronial law: A UK and international review of the medical literature on natural and unnatural death and how it applies to medical death certification and reporting deaths to coroners." Medicine, Science and the Law 57, no. 3 (2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417708948.
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In the United Kingdom, when people die, either a doctor writes an acceptable natural cause of death medical certificate, or a coroner (fiscal in Scotland) investigates the case, usually with an autopsy. An inquest may or may not follow. The concept of ‘natural or unnatural cause’ death is not internationally standardized. This article reviews scientific evidence as to what is a natural death or unnatural death and how that relates to the international classification of deaths. Whilst there is some consensus on the definition, its application in considering whether to report to the coroner is more difficult. Depictions of deaths in terminal care, medical emergencies and post-operative care highlight these difficulties. It secondly reviews to what extent natural and unnatural are criteria for notification of deaths in England and Wales and internationally. It concludes with consideration of how medical concepts of unnatural death relate in England and Wales to coroners’ legal concepts of what is unnatural. Deaths that appear natural to clinicians and pathologists may be legally unnatural and vice versa. It is argued that the natural/unnatural dichotomy is not a good criterion for reporting deaths under medical care to coroners, but the notification of a medical cause of death, using the International Classification of Disease Codes and the medical professional view as to whether it is scientifically natural, is of great value to the coroner in deciding whether it is legally unnatural.
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Dr. Neeta Kumari. "Fruits of Migration: Seeing Punjabi Diaspora through its Stories." Creative Launcher 8, no. 1 (2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2023.8.1.02.
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Displacement for survival, perhaps since the inception of life on the earth, has been a marked feature of the animal kingdom—be it birds, mammals, reptiles, or human beings. However, these are only human beings who migrate not just for survival but also for a better life. In this very context, the present paper deliberates on the migration of Punjabis to England, America, and Canada through some of the short stories in Punjabi produced by the migrants settled in these countries. The stories have been taken from an anthology titled Punjabi Parvasian Dian Kahanian (The Stories from Migrant Punjabis), edited by Jinder and Baldev Singh Baddan. The selected stories bring forth the diasporic people’s desires, sometimes lust also, to enjoy the riches and the glamorous life of the western countries and their struggles for success in foreign lands. This literary response is a collection of mixed experiences. On the one hand, it exhibits bewilderment at the incompatibility with the new culture, a sense of alienation, and the sacrifices of health and ethics to reach prosperity; on the other, it brings forth how the migrants learn to explore themselves, gain independence (especially women) and shed their weaknesses and narrow attitudes in the new liberal environments. This study also includes the problem of illegal migration, the vice of greed behind it, the resultant fear and frustration, and how it results in turning humans into not-less-than-beasts.
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Hosseini, Esmaeil, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majd Abadi, Irvin Masoudi Asl, and Behzad Karami Matin. "A Short Review on the Model of Government Support Programs for Special Patients in Iran, United Kingdom, United States of America, Italy, and Sweden." Galen Medical Journal 9 (January 27, 2020): e1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1403.
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Over the past few decades, caring for special patients has taken center stage in healthcare systems. Moreover, what necessitates conducting a comparative study into the conditions of special patients and designing a suitable model are as follows: high admission rates of these patients in hospitals, continual recurrence of the illness, sky-high costs of treatment and medicine, lack of coordination between the services offered by hospitals and community needs, and severe pressure of special patients on their families. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the models of government support programs for special patients in Iran, the United Kingdom, the USA, Italy and Sweden through a descriptive-documentary method. The findings revealed that the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the private sector were the major providers of health services to special patients in most of the countries under study. It was also demonstrated that the services offered to special patients are jointly mainly funded by governments, associations, and non-governmental organizations and partially by insurance premiums and so forth. The results also indicated that the bulk of healthcare provision was shouldered by non-governmental sectors and the contribution of charitable people. Finally, it can be concluded that both health-related policies and the health of special patients can be closely honed and monitored through the formation of committees on the health of special patients at the Supreme Council of Health, the establishment of an office for special patients at the Vice-chancellery for Health at the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, provision of decentralized services, and financing through taxation and contribution of charitable people and international organizations. [GMJ.2020;9:e1403]
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Hosseini, Esmaeil, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majd Abadi, Irvin Masoudi Asl, and Behzad Karami Matin. "A Short Review on the Model of Government Support Programs for Special Patients in Iran, United Kingdom, United States of America, Italy, and Sweden." Galen Medical Journal 9 (January 27, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v0i0.1403.
Texto completoResumen
Over the past few decades, caring for special patients has taken center stage in healthcare systems. Moreover, what necessitates conducting a comparative study into the conditions of special patients and designing a suitable model are as follows: high admission rates of these patients in hospitals, continual recurrence of the illness, sky-high costs of treatment and medicine, lack of coordination between the services offered by hospitals and community needs, and severe pressure of special patients on their families. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the models of government support programs for special patients in Iran, the United Kingdom, the USA, Italy and Sweden through a descriptive-documentary method. The findings revealed that the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the private sector were the major providers of health services to special patients in most of the countries under study. It was also demonstrated that the services offered to special patients are jointly mainly funded by governments, associations, and non-governmental organizations and partially by insurance premiums and so forth. The results also indicated that the bulk of healthcare provision was shouldered by non-governmental sectors and the contribution of charitable people. Finally, it can be concluded that both health-related policies and the health of special patients can be closely honed and monitored through the formation of committees on the health of special patients at the Supreme Council of Health, the establishment of an office for special patients at the Vice-chancellery for Health at the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, provision of decentralized services, and financing through taxation and contribution of charitable people and international organizations. [GMJ.2020;9:e1403]
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Martin, A., D. Konac, B. Maughan, and E. Barker. "Mother and father depression symptoms and child emotional difficulties: a network model." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.260.
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Introduction Enhancing understanding of depression symptom interactions between parents and associations with subsequent child emotional difficulties will inform targeted treatment of depression to prevent transmission within families. Objectives To use a network approach to identify ‘bridge’ symptoms that reinforce mother and father depression, and whether bridge symptoms, as well as other symptoms, impact subsequent child emotional difficulties. Methods Symptoms were examined using two unregularized partial correlation network models. The study included 4,492 mother-father-child trios from a prospective, population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. Mother and father reports of depression symptoms were assessed when the child was twenty-one months old. Child emotional difficulties were reported by the mother at ages nine, eleven and thirteen years. Results Bridge symptoms mutually reinforcing mother and father depression symptoms were feelings of guilt and self-harm ideation, whereas anhedonia acted as a bridge from the father to the mother, but not vice-versa (fig.1, network 1). The symptom of feelings of guilt in mothers was the only bridge symptom which directly associated with child emotional difficulties. Other symptoms that directly associated with child emotional difficulties were feeling overwhelmed for fathers and anhedonia, sadness, and panic in mothers (fig.1, network 2). Conclusions Specific symptom interactions are central to the co-occurrence of depression symptoms between parents. Of interest, only one of the bridge symptoms associated with later child emotional difficulties. In addition, specific symptom-to-child outcomes were identified, suggesting that different symptoms in mothers and fathers are central for increased vulnerability in children. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Xu, Zhi-Hong. "A Bridge to the World." Annual Review of Plant Biology 71, no. 1 (2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035831.
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Zhi-Hong Xu is a plant physiologist who studied botany at Peking University (1959–1965). He joined the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (SIPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), as a graduate student in 1965. He recalls what has happened for the institute, during the Cultural Revolution, and he witnessed the spring of science eventually coming to China. Xu was a visiting scholar at the John Innes Institute and in the Department of Botany at Nottingham University in the United Kingdom (1979–1981). He became deputy director of SIPP in 1983 and director in 1991; he also chaired the State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics SIPP (1988–1996). He worked as a visiting scientist in the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, for three months each year (1989–1992). He served as vice president of CAS (1992–2002) and as president of Peking University (1999–2008). Over these periods he was heavily involved in the design and implementation of major scientific projects in life sciences and agriculture in China. He is an academician of CAS and member of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. His scientific contributions mainly cover plant tissue culture, hormone mechanism in development, as well as plant developmental response to environment. Xu, as a scientist and leader who has made an impact in the community, called up a lot of excellent young scientists returning to China. His efforts have promoted the fast development of China's plant and agricultural sciences.
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Pizzimenti, Eugenio, and Enrico Calossi. "The neglected variable. The coevolution of public administration and political parties in the UK and Italy (1950–2010)." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 1 (2019): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.19.
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AbstractThe relationships between the State and political parties have often been analysed in dual terms. Yet, as Katz and Mair already noticed in their well-known (and criticized) article on the emergence of the cartel party, a clear separation between parties and public institutions has never been completely achieved, in the evolution of liberal democracies. In contrast, while parties act as agencies of institutionalization, public institutions recognize (de jure or de facto) parties as the legitimate actors of political representation. From this perspective, it is worth considering party change as a process intertwined also with institutional change. To date, however, the analysis of such a relationship has been neglected by political scientists, who have privileged explanations of party change based on other factors, whether at systemic or at a micro level. By avoiding a priori assumptions about causality, our main research question is the following: is it possible to identify patterns of co-evolution between State institutions – more specifically, public administration – and party organizations? Building on a new institutional approach to organization theory, the aim of this article is to investigate to what extent the evolution in the size of party organizations and in the size of public administration has followed similar trajectories. Our study focuses on the United Kingdom and Italy, from 1950 to 2010. Our findings confirm that parties' external face expands when public spending and the number of public employees increase, and vice-versa. The same holds for parties' internal face, at least in the Italian case.