Tesis sobre el tema "Vélocimétrie des flux sanguins"
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Bauer, Daniela. "Modélisation mécanique par approche continue et discrète des variations du flux sanguin dans la peau et validation expérimentale". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007943.
Texto completoSarkis, Albert. "Flux sanguin rénal médullaire et natriurèse de pression chez le rat de souche lyonnaise : effets de l'angiotensine II". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T190.
Texto completoBallaz, Laurent. "Développement d'un appareil d'auto-rééducation par mobilisation assistée et évaluation de son intérêt thérapeutique chez des personnes immobilisées en fauteuil". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267668.
Texto completoJamois, Patricia. "Evaluation chez l'homme de l'effet antiinflammatoire de molécules à activité "capteur" de radicaux libres à partir d'un modèle d'inflammation au nicotinate de méthyle par mesure du flux sanguin cutané". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P260.
Texto completoBonnefous, Odile. "Estimation des vitesses d'écoulement des flux sanguins par échographie ultrasonore". Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077224.
Texto completoSala, Lorenzo. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation de flux sanguins oculaires et leur interactions". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD021.
Texto completoOptic neuropathies such as glaucoma are often late-onset, progressive and incurable diseases. Despite the recent progress in clinical research, there are still numerous open questions regarding the etiology of these disorders and their pathophysiology. Furthermore, data on ocular posterior tissues are difficult to estimate noninvasively and their clinical interpretation remains challenging due to the interaction among multiple factors that are not easily isolated. The recent use of mathematical models applied to biomedical problems has helped unveiling complex mechanisms of the human physiology. In this very compelling context, our contribution is devoted to designing a mathematical and computational model coupling tissue perfusion and biomechanics within the human eye. In this thesis we have developed a patient-specific Ocular Mathematical Virtual Simulator (OMVS), which is able to disentangle multiscale and multiphysics factors in a accessible environment by employing advanced and innovative mathematical models and numerical methods. Moreover, the proposed framework may serve as a complementary method for data analysis and visualization for clinical and experimental research, and a training application for educational purposes
Bouaou, Kevin. "Apport de la mécanique des fluides dans l'étude des flux sanguins aortiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS076.
Texto completoAging is associated with morphological, functional and hemodynamic changes in the arterial system, most often aggravated by cardiovascular disease. Understanding these aggravating interactions is important to reduce patients risk. Medical imaging plays a major role in this context through modalities such as velocity encoding MRI combined with quantitative image processing and computational resolution of Navier-Stokes equations that govern blood flow hemodynamics. The aim of this thesis is to develop and combine image processing methods dedicated to 4D flow MRI data analysis with computational fluid dynamics to extract quantitative biomarkers such as intra-aortic pressure fields and their spatio-temporal propagations, aortic wall shear stress and intra-aortic vorticity. We have demonstrated the ability of these biomarkers to detect age-related sub-clinical aortic impairment and to characterize pathological aortic dilatation. In addition, association of spatio-temporal aortic pressure distributions with vortex occurrence and duration as well as with wall shear stress were studied. In a second work, we developed a numerical simulation software to solve the Navier-Stokes system using finite element models. An iterative projection method was applied to 2D and 3D vessel stenosis models as well as to 3D geometrical aortic models resulting from segmentation to validate our implementation. Finally, a preliminary work applying our numerical model to patient-specific geometries was performed revealing encouraging associations between simulated data and MRI measures
Fiola, Marie-Christine. "Mécanotransduction endothéliale en réponse à un flux pulsatile dans un substitut vasculaire obtenu par génie tissulaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26507/26507.pdf.
Texto completoDegoute, Christian-Serge. "Contrôle de la microcirculation cochléaire par le système nerveux autonome chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T020.
Texto completoChuquet, Julien. "Etude de l'implication de l'endothéline et de l'urotensine-II dans la circulation cérébrale et l'ischémie cérébrale focale chez le rat". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2083.
Texto completoCao, Peng. "Prototypage rapide des artères carotides et étude de l'évolution du vortex au niveau de la bifurcation carotidienne par caméra rapide et IRM". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062060.
Texto completoMarion, Adrien. "Filtrage spatiotemporel orienté de séquences d'images : application à l'estimation du mouvement des flux sanguins en imagerie ultrasonore". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432802.
Texto completoSusen, Sophie. "Mise en evidence de l'expression du facteur tissulaire par les monocytes sanguins : comparaison de techniques immunologiques et fonctionnelles". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M264.
Texto completoBailliart, Olivier. "Debits sanguins peripheriques : etude par velocimetrie ultrasonore doppler a emission pulsee en fonction de l'environnement respiratoire". Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S020.
Texto completoLecarpentier, Edouard. "Etude des flux sanguins dans le placenta humain et influence du shear stress sur la fonction biologique du syncytiotrophoblaste". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB052/document.
Texto completoHuman placentation is hemomonochorial, maternal blood circulates in direct contact with the syncytiotrophoblast. In the intervillous space, the maternal blood exerts frictional mechanical forces (shear stress) on the microvillous surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. Flowing blood constantly exerts a shear stress, on the endothelial cells lining blood vessel walls, and the endothelial cells respond to shear stress by changing their morphology, function, and gene expression. The effects of shear stress on the human syncytiotrophoblast and its biological functions have never been studied. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine in silico the physiological values of shear stress exerted on human syncytiotrophoblast during normal pregnancies, (2) to develop a model reproducing in vitro the shear stress on human syncytiotrophoblast and (3) to study in vitro the biological response of human syncytiotrophoblast to shear stress. The 2D numerical simulations showed that the shear stress applied to the syncytiotrophoblast is highly heterogeneous in the intervillous space. In spite of high intraplacental maternal blood flow rates (400-600mL.min-1), the estimated average values of shear stress are relatively low (0.5±0.2 to 2.3±1.1 dyn.cm-2). To study the shear stress-induced cellular responses during exposure times ranging from 5 minutes to 24 hours we have developed two dynamic cell culture models adapted to the human syncytiotrophoblast. We found no evidence of decreased cell viability or early processes of apoptosis in dynamic conditions (1 dyn.cm-2, 24h) compared to static conditions. Shear stress (1 dyn.cm-2) triggers intracellular calcium flux, which increases the synthesis and release of PGE2. The enhanced intracellular cAMP in FSS conditions was blocked by COX1/COX2 inhibitors, suggesting that the increase in PGE2 production could activate the cAMP/PKA pathway in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. FSS activates the cAMP/PKA pathway leading to upregulation of PlGF in human STB. Shear stress-induced phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of PlGF were prevented by inhibition of PKA with H89 (3 μM). The syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta is a mechanosenstive tissue
Salameh, Wassim. "Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique pour la vélocimétrie d’un fluide en milieu poreux". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL034N/document.
Texto completoThis study presents the development of measurement of porosity and velocity of flow made by MRI in packed beds with glass and polymer beads of various size saturated in water. The advantage of polymer beads is that they do not contain elements ferro or paramagnetics, contrary to the glass beads which disrupt the magnetic field creating artifacts on the MRI images. The calibration of the MRI velocity measurements was achieved from Poiseuille flow in a tube at different flow rates. Two situations were examined: first, the observation of interstitial flows between the beads minimizes partial volume effects and facilitates the correction of the phenomenon of phase aliasing. On the other hand, the measurement of average interstitial velocity (Darcy) requires using simultaneous velocity image and porosity image. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the strength of magnetic field gradient in the velocimetry sequence in a way to avoid any phase aliasing. The geometry of the flow cell was chosen to enable comparison by the MRI method between volume flow rates of water in the porous media and in the outer annulus
Bizeau, Alexandre. "Segmentation et extraction de caractéristiques des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux à l'aide de l'IRM". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10259.
Texto completoAbstract : The neurovascular coupling is a growing field; it studies the effects of cerebral activity on the behaviour of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the blood vessels themselves. With the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to obtain images such as susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to see the veins or time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) to visualize the arteries. These images allow having a structural representation of vessels in the brain. This thesis presents a method to segment blood vessels from structural images and extract their features. Using the segmentation mask, it is possible to calculate the diameter of the vessels as well as their length. With the help of such automatic segmentation tools, we conducted a study to analyze the behaviour of blood vessels during neuronal activities. Due to visual stimulation, we have acquired two images; one at rest and the other with stimulation. We compare the diameter in each of the images and obtain vasodilation in millimeters, but also as a percentage in each voxel. We also calculated the distance between the activation site and each voxel to see the magnitude of the vasodilation function of the distance. All this provides a better understanding of the vascular system of the human brain.
Schuster, Romain. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure basée image pour caractériser en grande taille les flux d'air intérieurs". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S046/document.
Texto completoWhether for reasons of health and safety at work, thermal comfort or energy saving, it is crucial to study them on site to better control them. The objective of this thesis was to develop a method to measure on site, the speed of indoor air flows over large areas of observation (greater than a square meter). To this end, we turned to image-based techniques that consist in following the movement of passive tracers introduced into the air to infer an estimate of its velocity. This kind of method is already widely used in research laboratories to study flows in well-controlled contexts. However, the transition to on-site measurement and wide field of interest requires some adaptations. These adaptations concern, in particular, the choice of new tracers, the lighting system as well as the motion estimation method from image sequences. First, we developed a motion estimation algorithm that allows the estimation of large-scale velocities from particle images and scalar images. We then tested in our wind tunnel, on mixing layer and cylinder wake flows, a large-scale image-based measurement method using only one camera, a LED lighting system, bubbles or smoke tracers as well as the algorithm mentioned above. We compared the obtained measurement with a measurement carried out by hot-wire anemometry. The results of this measurement campaign showed the ability of the method to measure the main characteristics of the considered flows. Finally, we applied the developed method to an on-site measurement of the suction flow of a laboratory fume hood under real operating conditions. This measure has made it possible to highlight areas of high turbulence and recirculation, causing potential leakages
Gong, Dusheng. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique des microvaisseaux sanguins : application à l'estimation indirecte de la compliance des microvaisseaux chez les rats sains et diabétiques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077064.
Texto completoA lot of researches indicate that several vascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus are related to the vascular lesions. Since, the clinical complications of diabetes are strongly linked to micro and macro vascular lesions, the blood vessels should be regarded as the primary target in diabetes mellitus. Compliance and distensibility (i. E. The storage capacities of the vessels) are the most widely used parameter to evaluate vessel function, but are still difficult to assess in the microcirculation network. This study is concerned by the screening for early stages of microcirculation alteration of mechanical properties in diabetic patients: we develop an original method for the real-time estimation of microcirculatorcompliance. In association with the Laser Doppler Velocimetry technology, we analyse the time dependence of the velocity response in a compliant vessel subjected to a step flow. This response gives the necessary elements to assess the compliance for both normal and diabetic rats in rat mesentery with vessels diamete less than 500μm. Differences between normal and diabetic rat have been clearly underlined in terms of vessel compliance of the investigated microcirculatory network. We are convinced that new perspectives for the early treatment and prevention of cardiovascular events might be provided by an enhanced appreciation of the diabetes impact on microcirculation network
Youssef, Jean. "Étude expérimentale d'un jet plan turbulent se développant dans un flux uniforme en co-courant". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784840.
Texto completoJaumouillié, Patrice. "Hétérogénéités des vitesses et des concentrations dans les collecteurs d'assainissement : application à la mesure des flux polluants". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12650.
Texto completoPagé, Gwenaël. "Quantification et caractérisation des écoulements sanguins dans l'arborescence vasculaire de la région cervico-faciale par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique de flux : évaluation et application". Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0041/document.
Texto completoPhase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a non-invasive technique used for quantification and characterization of the blood flow. In clinical pratice, this sequence is principally used in a two-dimensional single slice (2D), but it evolved to a velocity volumic acquisition (4D PC-MRI) allowing a complete quantification of the flow through a vascular tree. However, this technique requires post-processing software which are few and an evaluation of the velocity accuracy in 2D and 4D to quantify vessels with millimetric diameter. In this thesis work, a user-friendly post-processing software of 2D and 4D MRI images has been developed and it is used by research teams and clinicians. MRI acquisitions protocols of velocities for vessels composed by millimetric has been created. These protocols developed in-vitro form a phantom work show an error in the measurement accuracy less than 10%. These validated protocols are applied in facial area arteries in 30 healthy volunteers to create the first hemodynamic data base of arteries in this area. Then, the protocols have been performed to patients with pathologies affecting the facial area to show is interest on patient follow-up and surgical treatment
Youssef, Jean. "Étude expérimentale d'un jet plan turbulent se développant dans un flux uniforme en co-courant". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/78/48/40/PDF/these_JeanYoussef.pdf.
Texto completoThis experimental study focuses on the measurement and analysis of the behaviour of a vertical, downwardblowing plane jet when it develops inside a uniform co-flowing stream. The ratio r between the velocities of the co-flow and the jet is considered in the range [0, 0. 3] which includes the case of the classical plane jet without co-flow (r = 0). The motivation of the study was to develop a specific knowledge on air curtains classically used for the control of cold and clean local environments in the food industry. This study focuses on the isothermal case, with no temperature difference between the jet and the co-flow, the non-isothermal cases being only introduced in the last chapter (Chapter IV) in view of further studies on the high Richardson number cases. The study is turbulence-oriented, with an analysis mainly based on quantities and properties related to turbulence, like the Reynolds stresses profiles and the characteristic scales. The analysis of the evolution of the mean quantities, in particular the expansion of the mean velocity profile, was conducted in relation with their dependence on turbulence. The main measurement technique used was ×-wire Hot Wire Anemometry operated in Constant Temperature mode (CTA). Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used for the reduced investigations on non-isothermal cases, in Chapter IV, taking advantage of its insensitivity to temperature. The experiment was carried out in a specific vertical wind tunnel, the test section of which had an effective length of two meters (Chapter II). The initial literature review (Chapter I) highlights the specificities of plane jets as regards the mean and turbulent behavior. In (Chapter III), the isothermal case is studied with a special focus on the influence of the velocity ratio r and the Reynolds number. It is shown that choosing a global normalization to describe the behaviour of the jet leads to a generic model valid for the entire set of eleven different conditions investigated. The model appears to correctly account for the influence of the ratio r on the evolution of the mean velocity on the axis, the expansion of the thickness of the jet and the evolution of rms velocity fluctuations. The model gives, in addition, a means to assess, for r = 0, the characteristics of the limit case of a plane jet without co-flow. The thorough set of data obtained with ×-wires probes finally enables, at the end of chapter III, an analysis of the characteristic turbulence scales in that specific flow. It appears that the integral scales are in direct relation with the jet thickness and that the Kolmogorov scales are linked to the integral scales through a universal scale ratio depending on the local Reynolds number
Promelle, Véronique. "Quantification de la vascularisation ophtalmique par IRM en contraste de phase : application à la pathologie du glaucome". Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0037.
Texto completoThe dynamics of the vascular arterial and venous supply of the eye remains poorly understood, coming mainly from studies in Doppler color imaging with very little quantitative data about venous component. The physiopathology of glaucoma is still under debate, with many ongoing investigations and hypotheses. Among them, vascular changes have been suggested to be a possible cause for the disease, but no pathophysiology model could be proposed that connect the different current hypotheses. Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) is a non-invasive MRI sequence for quantitative measurement of the vascular dynamics of a system. So far mainly used to investigate large caliber arteries, PC MRI has not yet been used to measure flows of the ophthalmic artery and vein. The objective of this work was to quantify by PC MRI the blood flow and vascular dynamics of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) in a population of healthy subjects in a first part, and in glaucoma patients in a second part. In total, 21 volunteers without ocular disease and 11 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were included. They all underwent 3 Tesla MRI examination with PC MRI sequence, in the same settings. The right and left OA and SOV were identified using anatomic sequences, to place a PC MRI acquisition plane perpendicular to their course. PC MRI series were analyzed using a dedicated software, calculating the flow for each phase of the cardiac cycle and displaying the curve of flow during cardiac cycle for each vessel. From this data the mean, maximal and minimal blood flow for each vessel were calculated. The results obtained in healthy subjects showed the feasibility and reliability of the technique. They were considered as normal reference and were later used as control. Notably, a significant pulsatility of the venous flow during the cardiac cycle was demonstrated. In glaucoma patients, this venous pulsatility was significantly lower. Also in patients our results showed a loss of the correlation between the mean flow and the maximal velocity in the OA. The flow waveform and the relationships between flow, velocity and section of the SOV suggested an impairment of the venous hemodynamics in glaucoma, which could result from capillary changes and/or from downstream pressure changes
Fournet, Gabrielle. "IVIM : modeling, experimental validation and application to animal models". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS367/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis is centered on the study of the IVIM (“Intravoxel Incoherent Motion”) MRI sequence. This sequence allows for the study of the blood microvasculature such as the capillaries, arterioles and venules. To be sensitive only to moving groups of spins, diffusion gradients are added before and after the 180° pulse of a spin echo (SE) sequence. The signal component corresponding to spins diffusing in the tissue can be separated from the one related to spins travelling in the blood vessels which is called the IVIM signal. These two components are weighted by f IVIM which represents the volume fraction of blood inside the tissue. The IVIM signal is usually modelled by a mono-exponential (ME) function and characterized by a pseudo-diffusion coefficient, D*. We propose instead a bi-exponential IVIM model consisting of a slow pool, characterized by F slow and D* slow corresponding to the capillaries as in the ME model, and a fast pool, characterized by F fast and D* fast, related to larger vessels such as medium-size arterioles and venules. This model was validated experimentally and more information was retrieved by comparing the experimental signals to a dictionary of simulated IVIM signals. The influence of the pulse sequence, the repetition time and the diffusion encoding time was also studied. Finally, the IVIM sequence was applied to the study of an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease
Correia, Mafalda Filipa Rodrigues. "From 2D to 3D cardiovascular ultrafast ultrasound imaging : new insights in shear wave elastography and blood flow imaging". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC158.
Texto completoThis thesis was focused on the development of novel cardiovascular imaging applications based on 2-D and 3-D ultrafast ultrasound imaging. More specifically, new technical and clinical developments of myocardial shear wave elastography and ultrafast blood flow imaging are presented in this manuscript.At first, myocardial shear wave elastography was developed for transthoracic imaging and improved by a non-linear imaging approach to non-invasively and locally assess shear wave velocity measurements, and consequently tissue stiffness in the context of cardiac imaging. This novel imaging approach (Ultrafast Harmonic Coherent Compounding) was tested and validated in-vitro and the in vivo feasibility was performed in humans for biomechanical evaluation of the cardiac muscle wall, the myocardium. Then, we have translated shear wave elastography to the clinical practice within two clinical trials, each one with a different population (adults and children). In both clinical trials, we have studied the capability of shear wave elastography to assess quantitatively myocardial stiffness in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The results in the adult population indicated that shear wave elastography may become an effective imaging tool to assess cardiac muscle stiffness in clinical practice and help the characterization of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Likewise, we have also translated Shear Wave Elastography into four-dimensions and we have developed a new approach to map tissue elastic anisotropy in 3-D. 3-D Elastic Tensor Imaging allowed us to estimate quantitatively in a single acquisition the elastic properties of fibrous tissues. This technique was tested and validated in vitro in transverse isotropic models. The in-vivo feasibility of 3D elastic tensor imaging was also assessed in a human skeletal muscle.In parallel, we have developed a novel imaging technique for the non-invasive and non-radiative imaging of coronary circulation using ultrafast Doppler. This approach allowed us to image blood flow of the coronary circulation with high sensitivity. A new adaptive filter based on the singular value decomposition was used to remove the clutter signal of moving tissues. Open-chest swine experiments allowed to evaluate and validate this technique and results have shown that intramural coronary circulation, with diameters up to 100 µm, could be assessed. The in-vivo transthoracic feasibility was also demonstrated in humans in pediatric cardiology.Finally, we have developed a novel imaging modality to map quantitatively the blood flow in 3-D: 3-D ultrafast ultrasound flow imaging. We demonstrated that 3-D ultrafast ultrasound flow imaging can assess non-invasively, user-independently and directly volumetric flow rates in large arteries within a single heartbeat. We have evaluated and validated our technique in vitro in arterial phantoms using a 2-D matrix-array probe and a customized, programmable research 3-D ultrafast ultrasound system, and the in-vivo feasibility was demonstrated in human carotid arteries
Mba, Mintsa Léa. "Synthèse et évaluation angiogénique d'analogues du M6P". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0028.
Texto completoAngiogenesis is the protector of vascular integrity, through the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. The angiogenesis is regulated by the angiogenic factors. Several stimuli are involved in the angiogenic balance’s destabilization, which produces an unusual vascularization. The interest of conventional and targeted therapies is to restore a normal vascularization, by targeting all the factors which are involved in the angiogenic process. It has been demonstrated that the CI-M6PR is involved in this mechanism. This receptor has the distinction of having more binding sites, so a variety of ligands, including the M6P and its analogs. During this study we want to know if the M6P, isostere analog of M6P, interacts with the CI-M6PR. For this, we reappropriated the assay CAM, slightly modified, to confirm at first the pro-angiogenic activity of M6A. In a second step we will use the flow cytometry technique to highlight the interaction between the M6A and CI- M6PR