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1963-, Varga Kálmán, ed. Stochastic variational approach to quantum-mechanical few-body problems. Berlin: Springer, 1998.
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Voiculescu, D. V. Free random variables: A noncommutative probability approach to free products with applications to random matrices, operator algebras, and harmonic analysis on free groups. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1992.
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1967-, Dykema K. J. y Nica A. 1961-, eds. Free random variables: A noncommutative probability approach to free products with applications to random matrices, operator algebras and harmonic analysis on free groups. Providence, R.I: American mathematical Society, 1992.
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Schneider, Jörg y Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. 3a ed. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.
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<p>Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.<p>Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.<p>The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a fi rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.<p>This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.<p>The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.
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Bekunda, Mateete, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon y Jonathan Odhong, eds. Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0000.
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Abstract This book presents some of the improved agricultural technologies that were validated by the Africa RISING Project in East and Southern Africa (ESA), focusing on smallholder farmers in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia, and working in partnership with development (scaling) institutions. It consists of 11 chapters. Chapter 1 shows how gender concerns must be woven into all sustainable intensification (SI) interventions to produce equitable outcomes. It describes activities to enhance women's participation, measure the benefits, and transform gender relations. Chapter 2 describes the performance of new cereal and legume crop varieties introduced by Africa RISING into agroecosystems in which they had not been tested before. Chapter 3 presents technologies to diversify the common maize-dominated cropping systems and address human nutrition, improve soil organic matter, and maximize the benefits of applying fertilizer. Chapter 4 presents technologies for replacing the nutrients lost from cropped fields with external fertilizer sources in a manner that minimizes the consequences of too little or too much application. Chapter 5 is about soil conservation. Chapter 6 presents conservation agriculture, which can help smallholder farmers build better resilience to the consequences of climate change and variable weather. Improved technologies for drying, shelling, and hermetic storage of grain are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 provides information to help farmers use outputs from crop production systems to formulate supplementary feed. Chapter 9 follows with technologies that allow well-planned nutrition-specific interventions (recipes) to utilize various livestock and crop products to enhance family nutrition, with specific attention paid to diets for children. Chapter 10 presents examples from the preceding chapters to illustrate the potential impacts of interconnected technologies. Lastly, Chapter 11 presents experiences and lessons learned from using these approaches to transfer and scale the technologies.
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Suzuki, Yasuyuki y Kálmán Varga. Stochastic Variational Approach to Quantum-Mechanical Few-Body Problems. Springer London, Limited, 2003.
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Suzuki, Yasuyuki. Stochastic Variational Approach to Quantum-Mechanical Few-Body Problems. Springer, 2010.
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Hankin, David, Michael S. Mohr y Kenneth B. Newman. Sampling Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815792.001.0001.
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We present a rigorous but understandable introduction to the field of sampling theory for ecologists and natural resource scientists. Sampling theory concerns itself with development of procedures for random selection of a subset of units, a sample, from a larger finite population, and with how to best use sample data to make scientifically and statistically sound inferences about the population as a whole. The inferences fall into two broad categories: (a) estimation of simple descriptive population parameters, such as means, totals, or proportions, for variables of interest, and (b) estimation of uncertainty associated with estimated parameter values. Although the targets of estimation are few and simple, estimates of means, totals, or proportions see important and often controversial uses in management of natural resources and in fundamental ecological research, but few ecologists or natural resource scientists have formal training in sampling theory. We emphasize the classical design-based approach to sampling in which variable values associated with units are regarded as fixed and uncertainty of estimation arises via various randomization strategies that may be used to select samples. In addition to covering standard topics such as simple random, systematic, cluster, unequal probability (stressing the generality of Horvitz–Thompson estimation), multi-stage, and multi-phase sampling, we also consider adaptive sampling, spatially balanced sampling, and sampling through time, three areas of special importance for ecologists and natural resource scientists. The text is directed to undergraduate seniors, graduate students, and practicing professionals. Problems emphasize application of the theory and R programming in ecological and natural resource settings.
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Dawson, Peter. The Thule-Inuit Succession in the Central Arctic. Editado por Max Friesen y Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.45.
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The development of Inuit culture out of an ancestral Thule culture base has been a central research question in Arctic archaeology for over a century. Archaeologists were intrigued by the fact that the Inuit lifeways of the ethnographic present, while highly variable, had seemingly developed from a relatively uniform Thule cultural base. However, the past few decades have seen relatively little research directed toward this important issue. This chapter explores the history of research into the origins of Central Arctic Inuit cultures, as well as some of the explanations that have been advanced. It ends by suggesting that Resilience Theory may be a useful theoretical approach for framing the Thule-Inuit transformation in this region.
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Casey, Patricia. Treatment of adjustment disorders (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.003.0007.
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There are few randomized controlled studies of the treatment of AD. This is due to the transience of the symptoms, the difficulty obtaining a homogeneous population owing to the absence of diagnostic criteria, and the variable nature of the stressor, among others. Clinical guidelines specify that brief psychological interventions are preferred, and these incorporate elements from the many approaches now available on the assumption that their mechanism of action will also be effective in AD. Few have been tested specifically in AD. Low-intensity therapies specific to AD are being developed, such as biblio-therapy and online self-help. Pharmacological interventions have not been tested in quality trials, but despite this, antidepressants continue to be frequently prescribed. A few trials of anxiolytics have found some benefit for all the agents examined, but none used placebo. EMDR was found to be beneficial in a small pilot study and is worthy of further study.
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Franks, Benjamin. Anarchism. Editado por Michael Freeden y Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0001.
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This chapter identifies some of the conceptual problems in providing a stable, inclusive interpretation of anarchism. It rejects accounts of anarchism constructed on the supposed universal minimum of ‘anti-statism’, as these synthesize radically antipathetic movements, in particular free-market individualisms along with the main socialist variants of anarchist communism and syndicalism. These purportedly comprehensive versions overlook the distinctive conceptual arrangements of social and individualist anarchisms. These separate ideological forms support radically different practices and generate conflicting interpretations of ‘anti-statism’. Instead, a conceptual analytical approach is best suited to identifying stable, intersecting families of anarchism (such as Green anarchism, anarcha-feminism and post-anarchism), as this method is sensitive to the malleable and variable conception of the political agent, which is a feature of the main constellations of social anarchism.
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Miksza, Peter y Kenneth Elpus. Prelude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0001.
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This chapter describes the goals and general approach of this book. The general purposes of the chapters contained in Parts I and II are presented. A brief statement about how quantitative research can feel foreign to those coming from a classroom setting and suggestions for expanding one’s sense of identity is provided. A basic orientation to quantitative research design and analysis is provided. A brief commentary on data, variables, and quantitative analysis is provided as a prelude to the materials that follow in the rest of the book. Statistical methods are put forward as tools that can be used to discover patterns and trends within the complexities of music teaching and learning phenomena.
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Webster, Peter R. Children as creative thinkers in music. Editado por Susan Hallam, Ian Cross y Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0039.
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The study of creative thinking in music involves a complex combination of cognitive and affective variables, often executed at the highest levels of human thinking and feeling. This is such a complicated set of long-term engagements (composition, repeated music listening, or decisions about previously composed music in performance) or ‘in the moment’ engagements (improvisation and one-time listening), that it becomes quickly apparent why this field has not attracted more music researchers and why many feel the topic is hopelessly impregnable. However, the changes in education and the role of music in formal learning demands that we address creative thinking as best we can. This article takes a decidedly ‘teaching and learning’ approach in summarizing the many studies on creative thinking in music. While it is generally acknowledged that children's creative thinking in music occurs as part of many music experiences such as listening, performance, conducting, and improvising, the focus here is on composition.
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Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús, Pablo Guerrón-Quintana y Juan Rubio-Ramírez. Futures markets, Bayesian forecasting and risk modelling. Editado por Anthony O'Hagan y Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.14.
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This article demonstrates the utility of the Bayesian approach in forecasting and risk modelling regarding speculative trading strategies in financial futures markets. It first provides an overview of subjective expectations that are motivated as fair prices of futures contracts before discussing the futures markets and a portfolio mean-variance efficiency generalization. In particular, it considers the critical role of hedging to ensue attractive risk-adjusted performance. It also describes general Bayesian dynamic models and specific Bayesian dynamic linear models for assessing risk models in terms of their hedging effectiveness in the context of the risk-adjusted performance of trading strategies. The article showcases applied Bayesian thinking in the context of financial investment management, highlighting the corresponding concepts of betting and investing, prices and expectations, and coherence and arbitrage-free pricing in futures markets over the period 1990–2008.
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Masters, Ben. Novel Style. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766148.001.0001.
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Re-examining elaborate English stylists from the post-war period to the present day (including Anthony Burgess, Angela Carter, Martin Amis, Zadie Smith, Nicola Barker, and David Mitchell) through a fresh style of ethical criticism that does not over-rely on notions of character and interiority (the terrain of the ‘humanist revival’), and that returns the author to centre-stage (contra the approach of the ‘new ethics’, with its indebtedness to poststructuralism), Novel Style defends the stylistic excesses of writers who were conscious of both writing out of excessive times and of the need for new kinds of artistic response to contemporary ethical pressures. Through its methodology, Novel Style calls for a return to close reading and aesthetic evaluation and recovers its subjects from theoretical quagmires by repositioning them as stylists and ethicists, arguing that the two positions are inextricable. For example, it considers how forms of stylistic excess—ranging from puns and wordplay to long sentences, proliferating imagery, repetitions, idiosyncratic rhythms, multiple levels of narration, and variable points of view—might enact ethically-charged dynamics like curiosity, particularity, complexity, and empathy. As well as being an impassioned defence of literary excess, flamboyance, and close reading, Novel Style asks fundamental questions about how novels think, see, and feel, and how they might change us.
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Allen, Richard D. M. y Henry C. C. Pleass. Donor and recipient kidney transplantation surgery. Editado por Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0278_update_001.
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Kidney transplant surgery is for thinking surgeons who enjoy being part of a multidisciplinary transplant team. Good ones recognize the small margin for error and avoid difficulties by careful preparation and anticipation of potential pitfalls. Progressively, their role has gained in significance and is now the most important variable in kidney graft loss in the first 6 months after transplantation. Deceased organ donation is complex, expensive, and insufficient in numbers to meet the demand for kidney transplantation. Living donor surgery is therefore a procedure of necessity. Laparoscopic approaches have obvious benefits to the patient but are not operations for the beginner. There are few remaining stalwarts of the open nephrectomy procedure. Because of the limited length of the donor ureter, kidney transplant procedures involve placement of the donor kidney into a heterotopic position with vascular anastomoses to the iliac vessels. No two procedures are the same. Observation of the transplanted kidney changing from a flaccid and pale appearance to one that is firm and pink, and within seconds of removing vascular clamps, is an unforgettable experience for the first timer. Even better is the sight of urine, minutes later. Good transplant centres select their new surgeons carefully!
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Posner, Elliot. Financial Regulatory Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the cross-border politics of derivatives regulation. It first shows that negotiations over implementing the agreed G20 principles vary across regulatory areas, with cooperation in derivatives regulation standing out along several dimensions: a greater reliance on US‒EU bilateralism, the duration and difficulty of managing conflicts, and the pervasiveness of misperception. Finding prominent explanations unsatisfactory, this study instead attributes the pattern of observed difference in large part to variance in the pre-crisis development of transnational institutions. Compared to banking, the relatively underdeveloped transnational institutions for the regulation of derivatives markets left public officials with few resources for managing coordination at a moment of rapid domestic regulatory reforms. This chapter’s explanation thus combines scholarly research on the temporal effects of transnational institutions with insights from inter-state approaches. It takes seriously the potential for international institutions over time to condition and structure politics—beyond their creators’ original intent.
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Grove, Andrea. Culture and Foreign Policy Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.381.
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There are several conceptions of culture which have become dominant in foreign policy analysis (FPA) in particular: culture as the organization of meaning, culture as value preferences, and culture as templates for human strategy. Prior to the 1990s, the Cold War constraints of bipolarity had left little room for idiosyncratic domestic-level variables such as culture to affect FP. However, once systemic constraints lessened and the decision making milieu became more ambiguous, scholars increasingly turned to questions about culture and identity. Using classic frameworks as a jumping off point, early work on national role conception and operational code analysis incorporated culture as a significant filter for decision making. Operational code analysis is another early approach that had elements of culture as part of the decision making context. In addition, there are a few works that investigate culture and FP with a different focus than FPA. But perhaps one of the most notable elements of FPA studies exploring culture is the idea that it need not be viewed as explaining whatever cannot be explained by anything else. Instead of merely an alternative theoretical explanation of state behavior, use of culture in the post-Cold War revival and today reflects an effort not so much to refute neorealism but to look at different questions.
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Smith, Howard L. Taking Back the Tower. Praeger Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216022169.
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Academia is in trouble. Taxpayers are fed up with the enormous expenses associated with public universities, as well as administrators whose strategies and goals are fuzzy at best and destructive at worst. Parents worry about how they will find the wherewithal to send their offspring to college. Employers question the ability of new graduates and degree holders to write or reason lucidly. And everyone (except entrenched faculty members) questions the practice of tenure, which generally creates an incentive for mediocrity. Meanwhile, academic authorities responsible for managing our august institutions of higher education pontificate about the problems without delivering meaningful solutions. But meaningful solutions do exist, and this book explains them in depth. Taking Back the Tower, a compendium of no-nonsense, management-oriented lessons and prescriptions for the academy, will go a long way toward restoring the respect our colleges and universities deserve. Taking Back the Tower focuses squarely on bringing common sense to higher education by urging creative thinking, especially out-of-the-box approaches, in promoting change. It offers numerous solutions, many of which will be seen as quite controversial by the establishment. Smith outlines how to overcome resistance to change, lead more effectively, demand accountability for performance, manage resources for the highest return, remain firm with tuition payers and donors when warranted, manage costs to help keep the price of an education contained, and much more. The secret is in managing the few key variables that will have the biggest impact on overall results. The ideas are wholly practical and much less philosophical than those in most books on the subject. Following them will help schools improve results across the board. Smith's decades of experience as both a teacher and administrator in academia, as well as a consultant for many public and private-sector organizations, make him the perfect author for this book. Moreover, his insights, coupled with the many enlightening and entertaining examples (all true) will capture the attention of readers and help them understand why change must come—and why it must be radical.
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Rosenzweig, Cynthia y Daniel Hillel. Climate Variability and the Global Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137637.001.0001.
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The Earth's climate is constantly changing. Some of the changes are progressive, while others fluctuate at various time scales. The El Niño-la Niña cycle is one such fluctuation that recurs every few years and has far-reaching impacts. It generally appears at least once per decade, but this may vary with our changing climate. The exact frequency, sequence, duration and intensity of El Niño's manifestations, as well as its effects and geographic distributions, are highly variable. The El Niño-la Niña cycle is particularly challenging to study due to its many interlinked phenomena that occur in various locations around the globe. These worldwide teleconnections are precisely what makes studying El Niño-la Niña so important. Cynthia Rosenzweig and Daniel Hillel describe the current efforts to develop and apply a global-to-regional approach to climate-risk management. They explain how atmospheric and social scientists are cooperating with agricultural practitioners in various regions around the world to determine how farmers may benefit most from new climate predictions. Specifically, the emerging ability to predict the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle offers the potential to transform agricultural planning worldwide. Biophysical scientists are only now beginning to recognize the large-scale, globally distributed impacts of ENSO on the probabilities of seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes. Meanwhile, social scientists have been researching how to disseminate forecasts more effectively within rural communities. Consequently, as the quality of climatic predictions have improved, the dissemination and presentation of forecasts have become more effective as well. This book explores the growing understanding of the interconnectedness of climate predictions and productive agriculture for sustainable development, as well as methods and models used to study this relationship.
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Esterik, Penny Van. Food Culture in Southeast Asia. Greenwood Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400652462.
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Southeast Asian cuisines, such as Thai, have become quite popular in the United States even though immigrant numbers are low. The food is appealing because it is tasty, attractive, and generally healthful, with plentiful vegetables, fish, noodles, and rice. Food Culture in Southeast Asia is a richly informative overview of the food and foodways of the mainland countries including Burma, Thailand, Lao, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Malaysia, and the island countries of Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Students and other readers will learn how diverse peoples from diverse geographies feed themselves and the value they place on eating as a material, social, and symbolic act. Chapter 1, Historical Overview, surveys the archaeological and historical evidence concerning mainland Southeast Asia, with emphasis on the Indianized kingdoms of the mainland and the influence of the spice trade on subsequent European colonization. Chapter 2, Major Foods and Ingredients, particularly illuminates the rice culture as the central source of calories and a dominant cultural symbol of feminine nurture plus fish and fermented fish products, local fresh vegetables and herbs, and meat in variable amounts. The Cooking chapter discusses the division of labor in the kitchen, kitchens and their equipment, and the steps in acquiring, processing and preparing food. The Typical Meals chapter approaches typical meals by describing some common meal elements, meal format, and the timing of meals. Typical meals are presented as variations on a common theme, with particular attention to contrasts such as rural-urban and palace-village. Iconic meals and dishes that carry special meaning as markers of ethnic or national identity are also covered. Chapter 6, Eating Out, reviews some of the options for public eating away from home in the region, including the newly developed popularity of Southeast Asian restaurants overseas. The chapter has an urban, middle-class bias, as those are the people who are eating out on a regular basis. The Special Occasions chapter examines ritual events such as feeding the spirits of rice and the ancestors, Buddhist and Muslim rituals involving food, rites of passage, and universal celebrations around the coming of the New Year. The final chapter on diet and health looks at some of the ideologies underlying the relation between food and disease, particularly the humoral system, and then considers the nutritional challenges related to recent changes in local food systems, including food safety.