Tesis sobre el tema "Variabilité méso-échelle"
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Alhammoud, Bahjat. "Circulation générale océanique et variabilité à méso-échelle en Méditerranée Orientale : approche numérique". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001798.
Texto completoDesprès, Agnès. "Les fronts de méso-échelle dans la mer d'Irminger : origine dynamique et variabilité". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066162.
Texto completoLe, Boyer Arnaud. "Variabilité intra-saisonnière des courants de pente continentale forcés par la turbulence méso-échelle". Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2067.
Texto completoOcean margin exchanges occur on continental slopes. In this study, the dynamics of these exchanges are forced by mesoscale turbulence in a period range of 2-90 days (High Frequency, HIF). In this area and for these time scales, the energy of the forcing (wind or off shore circulation) is converted into Coastal Trapped Waves (CTW). On the one hand, this study is interested in the transition between linear dynamic of continental slope and non-linear meso-scale turbulence. Numerical experiments were performed in a periodic zonal canal with North and South zonal continental slope. A meso-scale turbulent kid forced the slope circulation. There was a strong asymetrie between North and South slope. On the South, the forcing energy was stuck in the interior because of the opposition between the planetary beta effect and the topographic beta effect. On the North, this energy was radiated on the slope through CTW. On the other hand, the HF circulation is studied in high resolution simulation of the North Atlantic ocean at 1/12°. The model validation, utilising satellite and in-situ observations showed that the resolution was to coarse to simulate a realistic continental slope circulation. In weak eddy kinetic energy area and for period 2 ta days, the slope circulation was directly forced by HF wind. The circulation at longer period was driven by the ocean circulation. In weak eddy kinetic energy area and for period T > 10-15 days, the continental slope is a wave guide forced. By the off-shore circulation. The stratification and steep slopes drives the wave propagation. On the East Atlantic, those waves maybe a connection between the Equator and Mid-latitude
Perraud, Emilie. "Vers une amélioration du schéma statistique de nuages de méso-échelle dans les modèles AROME et Méso-NH". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1081/.
Texto completoA good representation of clouds is essential for the quality of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models such as AROME (Delta x=2,5km) and Méso-NH. With mesoscale resolutions, boundary-layer clouds such as shallow cumulus and stratocumulus are still linked with subgrid processes and it is necessary to improve their representation. The parameterization of the condensation/evaporation processes consists in a saturation adjustment in order to restore the thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases of water. Resolved clouds are commonly treated with an "all or nothing" scheme considering that a model gridbox is totally clear or cloudy. Subgrid cloud schemes currently assume a statistical description of the horizontal subgrid variability of humidity and temperature variables. A comprehensive statistical analysis of cloud fine scale data, obtained from LES simulations for non-precipitating warm boundary-layer clouds, was carried out. For mesoscale resolutions, it shows that the use of a double Gaussian distribution, associated to a single variable depicting the local distance to the saturation inside the model gridbox, provides a good estimation of the cloud fields and of the cloud base and cloud top heights. For sparse cumulus cases, a conditional sampling method shows that the dry main mode, linked to the cloud environment, would be connected to an eddy diffusivity scheme. A convective mass flux scheme could be used to characterize the cloudy second mode, associated to shallow thermals
Merien, Davy. "Variabilité biooptique à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles dans l'Atlantique nord-est : interprétations biogéochimiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004148.
Texto completoVischel, Théophile. "Impact de la variabilité pluviométrique de méso-échelle sur la réponse des systèmes hydrologiques sahéliens : modélisation, simulation et désagrégation". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0033.
Texto completoIt is of primary importance to understand how the climate variability influences the response of the Sahelian hydrological systems in ord to anticipate the hydrological impact of future climate changes and to define suitable strategies. Such studies require linking the large scale climate scenarios to the very localized water budget of sm ail catchments. This work deals with such scale issues which are essential when outputs of climate models are used to force hydrological models. The data used here characterize the continuum of space-time scales displayed by the Iwo types of hydrological systems of the Sahelian region: the sm ail endoreic systems at the left bank of the Niger River and the larger right bank tributary exoreic systems. Three main axes are investigated in the work. First we synthesize and update previous works about the description and the modelling of mesoscale rainfall variability, through the fine scale data from the AMMA-CATCH Niger observa tory. Then the impact of the spatial and temporal rainfall variability on runoff is quantified by assessing the error committed when input hydrological model data used sub-sample this rainfall variability. Finally, regarding these results and by using the developed modelling tools, rainfall regime changes and their impact on runoff are investigated through (i) the characterization of changes that have occurred during the particularly dry 1970-1989 period, (ii) hypothetic scenarios based on the actual knowledge of the potential climate changes that cou Id occur in the future
Paci, Alexandre. "Processus et variabilité méso-échelle de l'océan superficiel dans l'Atlantique nord-est dans le cadre du programme POMME". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321794.
Texto completoLes processus impliqués dans l'évolution de la température et de la salinité dans la couche de mélange, ainsi que dans le détraînement d'eau entre la couche de mélange et la pycnocline, sont examinés. Un des résultats importants est que le détraînement n'a pas lieu le long d'une hypothétique discontinuité de profondeur de couche de mélange hivernale, mais dans des structures de submésoéchelle. Sa valeur est estimée à un peu moins de 1 Sv en moyenne sur la zone. Afin de prolonger la durée de la simulation, une méthode originale d'assimilation de courant a été implémentée dans le modèle. Elle donne d'excellents résultats et ouvre des perspectives prometteuses pour l'océanographie opérationnelle.
Pietri, Alice. "Variabilité méso et subméso-échelle de l’upwelling du Pérou à partir d’observations glider et de modélisation haute résolution". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066154.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis is to study meso and submesoscale variability in the Peru upwelling system, one of the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). These regions are characterized by horizontal temperature and density gradients between the coastal area and the open sea and by an enhanced biological activity. This work is based on "glider" observations along a repeat section in an upwelling cell offshore Pisco (14◦S). This in situ data gave the opportunity to describe the hydrological and alongshore velocity vertical structure in this EBUS. The acquired data allowed to estimate alongshore velocities and to study their vertical structure and variability. The surface current and the undercurrent have thus been described in detail. In addition, a deep equatorward intermittent cur- rent was evidenced in April 2010. Its dynamic and origin were studied with two eddy-resolving high-resolution models. It has been shown that this current is probably associated with a coastally trapped wave propagating from the equatorial region to the pole. This signal was also reproduced with a simple linear model and related to a third baroclinic mode of coastal-trapped wave. Hydrological data was also used to highlight the presence of submesoscale features in subsurface near the upwelling front. Different processes able to act on the distribution of thermohaline properties were studied to estimate their impact on the region. Dynamical diagnostics have shown that frontgenesis, wind driven symmetric instability and mesoscale stirring are taking place in the upwelling frontal region and could explain the observed submesoscale variability. Joint action of these three processes is likely responsible for the formation of the observed thermohaline intrusions. Variability of the upwelling front at several spatial and temporal scales was studied and the importance of meso and submeso scale dynamics highlighted in this complex system. Crucial processes have been described in order to improve the comprehension of the Peru-Chile upwelling system
Le, Lay Matthieu. "Modélisation hydrologique dans un contexte de variabilité hydro-climatique : une approche comparative pour l'étude du cycle hydrologique à méso-échelle au Bénin". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0012.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD is to model the hydrological behaviour of the Upper Ouémé catchment (14400 km²) in Benin. It is a part of the AMMA project (African Monsoon Multidiciplinary Analysis). We estimate the water balance and develop tools to predict climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water resources. First, the hydrological behaviour of the catchments and the main parts of the mesoscale water balance have been characterized. To represent the catchments under study, two parcimonious models have been applied : GR4J, an empirical generic structure, and TOPAMMA, a modified version of TOPMODEL developed during this work. To evaluate these models, a complete framework has been defined, to assess the two models in term of : (i) performance, (ii) uncertainties, (iii) realism. Although runoff simulations are similarly good, the two models show significantly different uncertainties and water balance estimations. The hydro-climatic variability experienced by the region over the last fifty years allows us to study the application of models in non stationary conditions. First, we focused our work on the use of models to detect changes in hydrological behaviour. Finally, the sensitivity of the hydrological response to changes in monsoon regime has been explored through various rainfall scenarios
Besson, Lucas. "Processus physiques responsables de l'établissement et de la variabilité de la mousson africaine". Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
Texto completoHerrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale - Influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique - Variabilité interannuelle et changement climatique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329937.
Texto completoNous nous intéressons d'abord à la formation et au devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. L'influence de la résolution spatiale du modèle océanique est examinée lors de l'étude de la convection profonde au large pour une année réelle. Le rôle essentiel joué par les structures de méso-échelle dans la formation et le devenir de l'eau profonde est mis en évidence. La comparaison de simulations effectuées avec différents forçages atmosphériques permet de montrer l'influence de la résolution spatiale de ce forçage sur la modélisation de la convection, liée à l'importance des extrêmes atmosphériques. Puis nous examinons l'impact de la variabilité interannuelle atmosphérique et du changement climatique sur la formation d'eau dense sur le plateau du Golfe du Lion. Les volumes d'eau dense formée, exportée, et cascadant sont corrélés à la perte de chaleur atmosphérique hivernale. L'intensification de la stratification de la colonne d'eau d'ici la fin du XXIème siècle provoque une quasi-disparition du cascading.
L'influence des processus physiques sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique est examinée au moyen d'un modèle couplé hydrodynamique-biogéochimie. L'étude d'une année de référence permet de valider le modèle et d'en soulever les points faibles. Si les bilans de production présentent une faible variabilité interannuelle, celle de l'exportation de carbone et du métabolisme net est plus marquée. Le changement climatique provoque une augmentation de la production primaire et une intensification de la boucle microbienne.
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique : variabilité inter-annuelle et changement climatique". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/489/.
Texto completoOur objective is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the Mediterranean system using modeling tools. We first study the formation and fate of water masses in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The impact of the oceanic model spatial resolution on open-ocean deep convection modeling is examined through a real case study, and is related to the essential role played by the mesoscale structures in the formation and fate of deep water. The comparison of simulations performed under different atmospheric forcings enables to study the influence of the spatial resolution of this forcing on the modeling of deep convection and to underline the importance of atmospheric extremes. We then investigate the impact of interannual atmospheric variability and climate change on dense water formation over the Gulf of Lions shelf. The volumes of dense water formed over the shelf, exported and cascading into the deep ocean are well correlated with the winter atmospheric heat loss. The strengthening of the water column stratification between the XXth and the XXIst centuries induces a strong decrease of these volumes. We examine the impact of physical processes on the planktonic pelagic ecosystem using a coupled hydrodynamical - biogeochemical model. The study of a reference year enables to validate the model and to underline its defects. Primary production and respiration show a weak interannual variability, however, carbon exportation and net metabolism show a stronger variability. Finally, the warming of sea water due to climate change induces an increase of primary production by the end of the XXIth century, together with an enhancement of the microbial loop
Waldman, Robin. "Etude multi-échelle de la convection océanique profonde en mer Méditerranée : de l'observation à la modélisation climatique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30361/document.
Texto completoThe northwestern Mediterranean sea, also named the Liguro-Provençal basin, is one of the few places where ocean deep convection occurs. This localized and intermittent phenomenon is one of the main modes of interaction between the deep ocean and the climate system. It is of paramount importance for the vertical redistribution of heat, carbon dioxyde and biogeochemical elements, and therefore for climate and marine biology. The PhD has been carried out in the framework of HyMeX programme, it aims at characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon in the Liguro-Provençal basin from the year 2012-2013 case study and at understanding the role of mesoscale dynamics and of the resulting intrinsic ocean variability on deep convection. The PhD work has first focused on characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon from observations collected during the 2012-2013 case study. We estimated the winter deep convection and spring restratification rates and an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) was developed to estimate the associated observation error. We conclude on the validity of MOOSE network observations to estimate the deep convection and restratification rates in the period 2012-2013. We characterize the period as exceptionally convective with a winter deep water formation rate of 2.3±0.5Sv (1Sv=106m³/s) and we estimate for the first time a spring deep water restratification rate of 0.8±0.4Sv. Two novel numerical approaches were developped during the PhD to characterize the roles of mesoscale dynamics and of intrinsic variability in the deep convection phenomenon. We implemented AGRIF grid refinement tool in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea within NEMOMED12 regional model to document the impact of mesoscale on deep convection and on the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. In addition, we carried out perturbed initial state ensemble simulations to characterize the impact of ocean intrinsic variability on convection. After extensively evaluating the realism of deep convection in NEMOMED12 numerical model thanks to the 2012-2013 observations, we study with this model the impact of intrinsic variability on deep convection. During the case study as well as in the 1979-2013 historical period, intrinsic ocean variability largely modulates the mixed patch geography, particularly in the open-sea domain. At climatic timescales, intrinsic variability modulates largely the deep convection rate interannual variability. On average over the historical period, it also modulates the mixed patch geography, but it impacts marginally its magnitude and the properties of the deep water formed. Finally, we study with AGRIF tool the impact of mesoscale dynamics on deep convection and on the thermohaline circulation. In the 2012-2013 case study, mesoscale improves the realism of the simulated convection. We show that it increases the deep convection intrinsic variability. In this period as well as during the 1979-2013 historical period, it decreases the mean deep convection rate and it reduces deep water transformations. We mainly relate its impact on convection to the modifincation of the stationary circulation characterized by a relocation and an intensification of boundary currents and the presence of a stationary Balearic Front meander. Also, in the historical period, exchanges with the Algerian basin are increased, which modifies water mass climatological properties. Finally, the surface signature of mesoscale is likely to alter air-sea interactions and the coastal to regional Mediterranean climate
Carret, Alice. "Étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la circulation en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : apport de l'altimétrie spatiale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30288.
Texto completoSatellite altimetry, which is a powerful tool for studying ocean dynamics offshore, has led to dramatic advances in our knowledge of the ocean. The challenge is now to combine this tool to coastal observing techniques and to investigate the potential applications. In this framework, the North-Western Mediterranean Sea has been chosen for its wide range of mesoscale dynamics and for the avaliablity of numerous instruments deployed in this region. Technological innovations (Ka band, Synthetic Aperture Radar) and advances in data processing have enhanced accuracy and improved spatial resolution and coverage. Using several in situ datasets (HF radars, gliders, hull-mounted ADCP), cross- comparisons were carried out to study the observability of the Northern Current and its variability from each type of instrument. These allowed analysing the contribution of a multi-platform observing system in monitoring coastal processes. They also highlighted the complementarity of each instrument. To optimize the use of altimetry in coastal studies, a HF regional model (Symphonie) is used to quantify what component of the current can or can't be observed and to analyze the origin of the differences that were observed between each type of in situ current observations and altimetry data. After model validation, it was used to quantify the sea surface height signature of the Northern Current and of the convection and to evaluate to what extent these processes are captured by satellite altimetry. The impacts of the spatial and temporal resolutions, transects orientation, the location and the physical content were also investigated. Besides linking the different types of data and helping us to interpret the results obtained, the Symphonie model enabled to study the circulation and its seasonal and interannual variability at the regional scale. Some hypothesis about the origin of the observed spatio- temporal variations were investigated. With the forthcoming launch of the SWOT mission in 2021, this manuscript suggests perspectives about the use of integrated observing systems, altimetry data exploitation in coastal areas and validation strategies at the regional scale
Fourment, Reissig María Mercedes. "Adaptación de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.) a la variabilidad climática a meso-escala en el sur de Uruguay". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20026/document.
Texto completoTo determine the vulnerability of viticulture farming system to climate change (CC) and variability, the knowledge of climate exposure over the region, sensitivity and adaptive capacity provided by the winegrowers through their “savoir-faire” is primordial to contribute to adaptation issues to CC. The aim of this study was to define climate variability of the southern coastal wine region of Uruguay, evaluate its possible impacts in vinegrape and to provide adaptative responses in the context of CC. Ten plots were installed in commercial vineyards of Tannat over Canelones and Montevideo region at different distances to the Río de la Plata. Spatial and temporal variability of temperature was defined over the coastal region at meso-scale. At a fine scale, it was studied the sea breeze penetration and its impacts in the diurnal thermal evolution. The Río de la Plata through the sea breeze effect is one of the principal climate components in the southern wine region. Temperature grapevine sensitivity on berry composition at harvest is explained by climate general conditions during ripening (thermal and hydric conditions). The principal actors (winegrowers and advisors) know the local climate variability and have well identified unfavorable climate conditions to produce high quality grapes. However, climate seemed to be not relevant in producers’ decision making, but in an underlined way, its plays a fundamental role in vineyard management. Adaptation measures to local climate variability were identified by strategies proposed from the local knowledge
Para determinar la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas de producción vitícola al cambio y la variabilidad climática, se requiere conocer la exposición física de una región, su sensibilidad y la capacidad adaptativa aportada por el viticultor por su savoir-faire. Las medidas de adaptación en respuesta al cambio climático (CC), resultan de la conjunción de estos componentes, analizados desde una perspectiva local. El objetivo del estudio fue definir la variabilidad del clima actual de la región costera Sur de Uruguay, evaluar los posibles impactos en la vid, y aportar respuestas para su adaptación en el contexto de CC. En diez viñedos comerciales de Tannat ubicados en Canelones y Montevideo se instalaron sensores de temperatura según un diseño que contempló la distancia del Río de la Plata. Se precisó la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la temperatura de estos viñedos mediante un análisis a meso-escala. A una escala más fina, se estudió el fenómeno de la penetración de la brisa marina y su efecto en la evolución térmica diurna. El Río de la Plata a través del efecto de la brisa, es uno de los componentes principales del clima de la región vitícola sur. La sensibilidad de la vid a la temperatura sobre la composición es explicada por las condiciones climáticas generales durante la maduración (térmicas e hídricas). Los principales actores del sector (viticultores y asesores) conocen la variabilidad local del clima y tienen identificados los aspectos que son desfavorables para producir uvas de calidad. Sin embargo el clima no parece tener un rol preponderante en la toma de decisiones, pero de manera subyacente, este juega un rol fundamental en la gestión del viñedo. Por último, se identificaron medidas de adaptación a la variabilidad local del clima, proponiendo estrategias a partir del conocimiento local
Besson, Lucas. "Processus Physiques Responsables de l'Etablissement et de la Variabilité de la Mousson Africaine". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
Texto completoAuger, Matthis. "Variability and Changes of Hydrography and Circulation in the Subpolar Southern Ocean". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS086.
Texto completoThe Southern Ocean is central to the global oceanic circulation and climate. This region is however on the frontline of human-induced climate change, through intense uptake of anthropogenic heat and carbon. Consequently, the Southern Ocean has experienced important changes in its hydrography and circulation over the last decades. Its subpolar part, south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, hosts large circulation systems of importance for the production of water masses and their associate heat and carbon content, for ocean interactions with sea-ice and ice-shelves, and consequently for global mean sea level. Observations are still sparse in that region, particularly in wintertime when it is covered by sea ice. Thus, the regional response of the subpolar Southern Ocean hydrography and circulation to interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, and background circulation at various spatial and time scales is still under active research.In this thesis, I contribute to observing the variability and long-term changes of the hydrography and circulation of the subpolar Southern Ocean, and to unveil the mechanisms driving their variability. I first observe the long-term temperature changes in the upper layer of the Southern Ocean, from repeated ship-based measurement transects over 25 years. Besides previously documented trends, I refine the monitoring on the still poorly observed warming and shallowing of the warm subsurface water of the Southern Ocean. The long term warming is stronger than interannual variability, and the shallowing rate is 3 to 9 times the previously estimated one. In a second part, I develop and exploit an ocean topography dataset, spanning six years of measurements over the whole Southern Ocean south of 50°S. This dataset allows me to explore the variability of the subpolar Southern Ocean circulation, particularly the seasonal cycle of the large-scale circulation and the mesoscale variability under sea ice. At the seasonal scale, the circulation of the Weddell and Ross gyres, and the Antarctic Slope Current are mainly dictated by three modes of variability, principally linked to the surface stress of the wind on the surface of the ocean and its modulation by the sea ice. The mesoscale variability is weak outside the energetic Antarctic slope current in the pack ice, while the marginal ice zone seems to be a region with enhanced cyclonic eddies generation. The implications of these results on the physical processes of the Southern Ocean and its long-term changes are discussed
Le, Hénaff Matthieu. "Evaluation objective de réseaux d'observation en domaine côtier par la modélisation d'ensemble". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336519.
Texto completoDans un premier temps, nous assimilons à l'aide d'un filtre de Kalman d'ensemble des données simulant les mesures d'un altimètre à fauchée dans un modèle barotrope en Mer du Nord. La mesure de la pente de surface de la mer permet de mieux représenter les courants et étend le domaine d'influence des observations. Le roulis du satellite induit une corrélation dans les erreurs d'observation le long de la trace, qui s'il est pris en compte dans le schéma d'assimilation ne remet pas en cause l'apport de l'instrument.
Dans un second temps, nous développons une technique d'analyse de performances de réseaux d'observation, qui permet de définir un critère quantitatif de discrimination de divers réseaux ainsi qu'une analyse qualitative permettant de comprendre l'impact du réseau considéré sur toutes les dimensions du modèle. A l'aide d'un modèle 3D du Golfe de Gascogne, cette technique nous permet de démontrer les capacités d'un altimètre à fauchée à observer la dynamique méso échelle de l'océan côtier, ainsi que l'apport de mesures de courant dans la conception d'une campagne de mesures, et enfin l'apport de données marégraphiques.
Le, Hénaff Matthieu. "Evaluation objective de réseaux d'observation en domaine côtier par la modélisation d'ensemble". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/318/.
Texto completoThe coastal ocean is characterised by a rich spectrum of interacting scales and processes, and is subject to heavy societal pressure and demand. Our understanding of this complex area needs to be improved, through modelling and data gathering. Realistic numerical models are potentially useful to design observational arrays. Ensemble methods provide a proxy for model errors, which may be detected or constrained by an efficient array. In a first study, an ensemble Kalman filter is used to assimilate simulated data of a wide swath altimeter in a barotropic model of the North Sea. Measurements of the cross-track slope of the sea surface lead to a better representation of the currents, and to a wider domain of influence of observations. The roll of the satellite induces along-track correlation of the observation errors; when it is taken into account in the data assimilation process, it does not jeopardize the improvement potentially brought by the instrument. In a second study, a new analysis technique for assessing the performance of observational networks is proposed. It implements a quantitative criterion to discriminate between various networks, and a qualitative one which allows understanding the impact of the considered network on all the model dimensions. Using a 3D model of the Bay if Biscay, this technique illustrates (1) the capacity of a wide swath altimeter to retrieve useful coastal ocean mesoscale dynamical signals, (2) the positive contributions of current measurements of currents in the design of a coastal cruise, and (3) the contribution of tide gauge data at detecting errors on the shelf
Bois, Benjamin. "CARTOGRAPHIE AGROCLIMATIQUE A MESO-ECHELLE : METHODOLOGIE ET APPLICATION A LA VARIABILITE SPATIALE DU CLIMAT EN GIRONDE VITICOLE. Conséquences pour le développement de la vigne et la maturation du raisin". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695507.
Texto completoLe, Lay Matthieu. "MODELISATION HYDROLOGIQUE DANS UN CONTEXTE DE VARIABILITE HYDRO-CLIMATIQUE. Une approche comparative pour l'étude du cycle hydrologique à méso-échelle au Bénin". Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116912.
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