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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Vapeur d'eau atmosphérique – Mesure"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Vapeur d'eau atmosphérique – Mesure"
Giuntini, J. C., A. Jabobker y J. V. Zanchetta. "Etude de l'interaction eau-kaolinite par mesure des permittivites complexes". Clay Minerals 20, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1985): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.3.07.
Texto completoVergez, M. y J. Saïssac. "Application de l'hygrométrie spectrale à l'etude du bilan de vapeur d'eau atmosphérique". Atmospheric Research 22, n.º 1 (junio de 1988): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(88)90012-9.
Texto completoBORNERT, G., L. BOUKBIR, F. CALVET, M. JAAFAR y P. BORNERT. "L’eau atmosphérique: une ressource alternative pour la production d’eau destinée à la consommation humaine?" Médecine et Armées Vol. 42 No. 4, Volume 42, Numéro 4 (1 de octubre de 2014): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7047.
Texto completoFLAMANT, Cyrille, Françoise GUICHARD, Joel van BAELEN, Olivier BOCK, Fleur COUVREUX, David PARSONS, Tammy WECKWERTH et al. "La campagne IHOP 2002 - Une campagne de mesure de la vapeur d'eau dans la couche limite". La Météorologie 8, n.º 43 (2003): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/35999.
Texto completoChokmani, Karem y Alain A. Viau. "Estimation de la température de l'air et de la quantité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'aide des données AVHRR de NOAA". Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 32, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m05-030.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Vapeur d'eau atmosphérique – Mesure"
Hamperl, Jonas. "Development of a differential absorption lidar for remote sensing of water vapor and the isotopologue HDO". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS477.
Texto completoObservations of stable water isotopologues in the atmosphere provide valuable insights into the condensation and evaporation history of water vapor. The provision of such data with sufficient vertical resolution in the lower troposphere (0–3 km) helps to improve our understanding of basic processes like cloud formation, moist convection and mixing, and offers the potential to increase the accuracy in the predictions made by atmospheric general circulation models. Despite the progress in remote sensing from the ground and from space, retrievals from passive sensors are prone to biases and lack the vertical resolution required for water cycle studies in the lower troposphere. The aim of this thesis is to investigate an active remote sensing approach based on the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) method to measure both the water vapor main isotopologue H2(16)O and the semiheavy water isotopologue HD(16)O with high vertical and temporal resolution (100–200 m, 10 min). The expected performance of such an instrument in terms of random and systematic errors was first analyzed using simulations accounting for instrumental and atmospheric parameters. The theoretical analysis showed that the spectral range around 1.98 μm is suitable for DIAL profiling of H2(16)O and HD(16)O and that range-resolved measurements require a tunable laser in that wavelength range with pulse energies of tens of mJ. To fulfill this requirement, a parametric laser source based on a nested-cavity optical parametric oscillator and an optical parametric amplification stage using state-of-the-art high-aperture (5×7 mm^2) periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystals was implemented. It delivers widely tunable (1.95–2.30 μm) single-frequency radiation with energies up to 9 mJ for 12 ns pulses at a repetition rate of 150 Hz. Using the developed laser source, DIAL measurements of H2(16)O and HD(16)O in the atmospheric boundary layer were conducted in direct-detection mode in the frame of several measurement campaigns. It was shown that with the developed lidar setup, isotopologue measurements with meaningful precision are limited to the first few hundred meters above the ground. To achieve measurements with range resolution and precision suitable for water cycle studies within the entire boundary layer, further instrumental improvements in terms of laser energy and reduced detection noise are necessary. For this purpose, a further step is proposed for the design and pre-development of a lidar setup capable of achieving a higher sensitivity thanks to an optimized double-stage amplification scheme for the laser transmitter that should allow to reach output energies >40 mJ
Sivira, Figueroa Ramsès Gregorio. "Exploitation des mesures "vapeur d'eau" du satellite Megha-Tropiques pour l'élaboration d'un algorithme de restitution de profils associés aux fonctions de densité de probabilité de l'erreur conditionnelle". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066723.
Texto completoWe designed a methodology that allows us to develop a purely statistic water vapor profile restitution algorithm from Megha-Tropiques SAPHIR and MADRAS instruments with synthetic observations, and specially to quantify the restitution of conditional uncertainties. Three statistical models were optimized using this learning database to estimate seven layers tropospheric water vapor profiles and their conditional error probability density function (pdf). The optimized models lead us to conclude a model-independency restitution accuracy and this accuracy is directly related to physical constraints. Also, maximal precision was achieved in mid-tropospheric layers (maximal bias: 2. 2% and maximal correlation coefficient: 0. 87) while extreme layers show degraded precision values (at surface and the top of the troposphere, maximal bias: 6. 92 associated to a fort dispersion with correlation coefficient: 0. 58), this behavior could be explained by instrumental information lack. From conditional error probability functions, knowing observed brightness temperatures, humidity confidence intervals were estimated by each layer. The two hypotheses were tested and we obtained better results from the Gaussian Hypothesis. This methodology was tested using real data and results are consistent with the learning database with better accuracy (bias: -5. 77%) at mid-tropospheric layers, degrading it to extreme layers
Alkasm, Sulaf. "Etude des variations spatiales et temporelles de la colonne totale de la vapeur d'eau mesurées depuis le sol et l'espace, au dessus de l'Observatoire de Haute Provence et autour du bassin méditérranéen". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0012.
Texto completoThe atmospheric water vapor is an important component of the hydrologic cycle. As greenhouse gas it has dominant effects on climate and global warming. Its distribution is highly variable at global and temporal scales and its mechanisms still poorly understood. This thesis deals with one hand on the study of total column water vapor over the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) in Southern France, measured with instruments SAOZ and Elodie from the ground, and with instruments on satellites, GOME, and GOME2 SCHIAMACHY, and the other hand on the Mediterranean coastal region using data from the same satellites. Analysis of these data available from 1995 to 2009 allowed their validation and interpretation of field variability of water vapor incorporating the mechanisms of geographical distribution across the OHP, and their seasonal variations and their long-term trends over the OHP and the Mediterranean
Landsberg, Janek. "Développement d'un spectromètre laser OF-CEAS pour les mesures des isotopes de la vapeur d'eau aux concentrations de l'eau basses". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY052/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, the measurement of water isotopologues has become increasingly important for atmospheric research. Due to the influence of climatic conditions on the isotope ratios, the isotopic composition of water stored in the ice in Antarctica and the Arctic can be used as paleothermometers to reconstruct past climate changes. The measurement of changes of the isotopic composition of water vapor in the atmosphere can be used to study the global hydrolocal cycle and to refine atmospheric circulation models.Whereas the conventional method for water isotope measurements, Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), is not adapted for in-situ continuous measurements of water vapor isotopes, the recent development of laser spectrometers offers a comparably easy and robust method to conduct in-the-field research with good time resolution. However, until now, most optical instruments require relative high humidity levels with water concentrations of at least several 1000 ppmv, which excludes measurements in some of the most interesting regions for water isotope research, such as the upper atmosphere and the central regions of Antarctica.In this work, we present a novel infrared laser spectrometer based on the technique OFCEAS, specifically designed to measure the four isotopologues H2_16O, H2_18O, H2_17O and HDO under very dry conditions, at water concentrations of some hundred to only tens of ppmv. The instrument developed during this thesis shows much higher measurement stability over time compared to previous OFCEAS instruments with optimum integration times of up to several hours and a very long effective path length of more than 30 km. At water concentrations around 80 ppmv, a precision of 0.8‰, 0.1‰ and 0.2‰ for d2H, d18O and d17O respectively could be achieved with an integration time of 30 to 60 min and at the optimum water concentration of ~650 ppmv, of 0.28‰, 0.02‰ and 0.07‰ respectively.An investigation of the overall performance of the instrument is presented and we specifically discuss the problem of a dependence of the isotope measurements on the water concentration at which a measurement is carried out. As main source of the concentration dependence, pattern noise is identified and a detailed analysis of the noise sources is given.Furthermore, a new calibration system for water vapor isotope measurements, the Syringe Nanoliter Injection Calibration System (SNICS), is introduced, which was developed in the framework of this thesis to offer a more reliable and stable means for the calibration of water vapor isotope measurements. This calibration system is based on the continuous injection of water into an evaporation chamber with two nanoliter syringe pumps and is able to generate standard water vapor in a range of 5 to 15 000 ppmv. A model simulation of the water injection is presented and shows a good agreement with experimental results.Subsequently, a first employment of the OFCEAS spectrometer at the Norwegian research station of Troll in Antarctica is discussed. Data from a three-week period from February and March 2011, during which the spectrometer continuously measured water vapor isotopologues in the atmosphere at the research station, is shown and problems and possibilities are discussed.Finally, the Isocloud project, an international project to study (super)saturation effects at the AIDA cloud chamber of the Karlsruhe Institute Technology in Germany, is introduced, in which we participated with both the spectrometer and the calibration instrument. Experimental data of the four measurement campaigns is presented, preliminary results are discussed. We conclude with a discussion of the optimum measurement protocol and give an outlook for the future
Brenot, Hugues. "Potentiel de la mesure GPS sol pour l'étude des pluies intenses méditerranéennes". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012085.
Texto completoLacour, Jean Lionel. "Estimations du profil du rapport isotopique de la vapeur d'eau dans la troposphère à partir de spectres mesurés dans l'infrarouge thermique par le sondeur IASI: méthodologie d'inversion et analyses des premières distributions spatiales". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209151.
Texto completoDans cette perspective, les mesures de radiances du système terre-atmosphère dans l’infrarouge thermique par l’Interféromètre Atmosphérique de Sondage Infrarouge (IASI) à bord de la plateforme météorologique MetOp, peuvent fournir des observations du rapport isotopique δD (rapport HDO/H216O), à l’échelle globale et à haute résolution spatio-temporelle, pour autant que la restitution du rapport puisse être obtenue avec une précision suffisante.
Dans ce travail, nous présentons une méthodologie robuste et précise pour la restitution du profil de δD à partir des spectres IASI. Basée sur la méthode d’estimation optimale, elle consiste à appliquer des contraintes d’inversion adaptées afin d’obtenir des profils de δD fiables. Nous décrivons le choix de celles-ci et nous montrons que la méthode mise en place permet de fournir des profils de δD qui présentent un maximum de sensibilité dans la troposphère libre. L’adéquation de la méthode mise en place est ensuite évaluée grâce à une étude d’inter-comparaison avec des mesures dérivées de l’instrument spatial TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer sur AURA) et FTIR localisés au sol. L’exactitude des profils IASI a aussi pu être déterminée grâce à des comparaisons avec des mesures in situ.
Dans une autre partie du travail, nous nous attachons à préciser les applications liées à l’utilisation des nouvelles mesures dans le domaine des géosciences. Nous documentons ainsi les capacités du sondeur IASI à fournir des mesures de δD à une résolution spatio-temporelle inégalée et décrivons les diverses distributions obtenues. Nous montrons et analysons notamment les premières cartes globales à haute résolution de δD dans la troposphère. Les mesures de δD et de l’humidité sont analysées conjointement à l’aide de modèles simples et permettent de démontrer la plus-value mesures de δD depuis les satellites. Parmi les résultats les plus significatifs, citons la mise en évidence de la signature isotopique des différentes sources de la vapeur d’eau (évaporation continentale/océanique), et celle de l’empreinte des différents processus hydrologiques qui contrôlent l’humidification de l’atmosphère (convection, mélange de masse d’air, ré-évaporation des gouttes de pluie).
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sivira, Ramses. "Exploitation des mesures "vapeur d'eau" du satellite Megha-Tropiques pour l'élaboration d'un algorithme de restitution de profils associés aux fonctions de densité de probabilité de l'erreur conditionnelle". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025685.
Texto completoClus, Owen. "Condenseurs radiatifs de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique (rosée) comme source alternative d'eau douce". Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320450.
Texto completoDes matériaux (films polymères et peintures) originaux et innovants ont été développés pour ces applications : ils conjuguent une grande émissivité IR et un état de surface optimisé pour un coût inférieur à 1 € m-². Des simulations numériques CFD (Phoenics) ont été programmées dans le but d'optimiser la mise en œuvre des condenseurs de rosée sur des systèmes réels complexes et de grande superficie. De nouvelles méthodes d'estimation (mesure de volume ou estimation indirecte) de la ressource potentielle en eau de rosée sont discutées en fonction de l'influence des paramètres météorologiques pour les îles de Biševo (Croatie), Tahiti et Tikehau (P. Française) et les sites de Panandhro et Yellagiri Hills (Inde).
Enfin, deux systèmes réels novateurs ont été réalisés : une toiture pérenne de démonstration de
15,1 m² installée à Biševo (rendements moyens de 0,181 mm pour un maximum de 0,526 mm). Le second est la première usine à rosée, réalisée avec l'IIMA, dans l'état du Gujarat (Inde). La surface actuelle est de 850 m² et sera étendue à 15 000 m² pour produire jusqu'à 5 m3 d'eau pure par nuit.
Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre. "Restitution de la structure verticale de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'échelle globale à partir d'observations satellitales : implications pour la sensibilité climatique". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0003.
Texto completoOudot, Charlotte. "Spectroscopie de la vapeur d'eau par Transformation de Fourier. Application aux régions d'intérêt atmosphérique". Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS035/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this manuscript concern the knowledge of our atmosphere. In fact, the analysis of atmospheric spectra needs a good understanding of atmospheric molecular species. In particular the water vapor plays a special role as the first absorbent of earth's atmosphere. Spectra were recorded by Fourier transform spectrometer designed in the laboratory and lines parameters fitted with multi-spectra procedure named MultiFiT. The spectroscopic studies focus on lines intensity measurements for two different spectral ranges. The first presented is 10 µm, were two studies have been done. For the H216O isotopologue in the 1200 – 1400 cm-1 range, 300 transitions were measured and compared with literature data. The aim of this work was to determine the best spectroscopic database for IASI recording analysis. In 1000 to 2300 cm-1, H218O and HD18O isotopologue were measured with enriched 18O spectra. Over 2500 transitions were measured and assigned. Also this manuscript presents a huge work done in the 1.25µm region. This range appears in database with an important discrepancy for line intensities. 39 spectra were recorded with water vapor sample in natural abundance. Over 11000 transitions were measured and assigned, comparison to literature data are also presented. A part of this work were published in 2010 and used by L.Tallis, form University of Reading, for atmospheric application. At the end of this manuscript is presented the first comparisons with calculated data done for self broadening coefficients in the 1.25µm region
Libros sobre el tema "Vapeur d'eau atmosphérique – Mesure"
Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 3: Sensing Materials and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoHandbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 3: Sensing Materials and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoKorotcenkov, Ghenadii. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 3: Sensing Materials and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoKorotcenkov, Ghenadii. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 3: Sensing Materials and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoHandbook of Humidity Measurement Vol. 1: Spectroscopic Methods of Humidity Measurement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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