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1
Hunt, Derek. Valour beyond all praise: Harry Greenwood VC. Windsor: D. Hunt, 2003.
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Academy, Canadian Defence y Canada. Canadian Armed Forces. Wing, 17, eds. In their own words: Canadian stories of valour and bravery from Afghanistan, 2001-2007. Kingston, Ont: Canadian Defence Academy Press, 2013.
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M, Andrews Lewis. To thine own self be true: The relationship between spiritual values and emotional health. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
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van Donselaar, Gijs, Peter Rijpkema y Henri Wijsbek. The Ethics of Determining One’s Own Death. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048569250.
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This collection brings together key contributions on the ethics of end-of-life decisions, inspired by the publication of ‘What Kind of Death: The Ethics of Determining One’s Own Death’, a new standard work by professor Govert den Hartogh. The topics covered reflect the book’s comprehensive approach, with its central themes explored by ethicists, legal experts, and medical professionals. The various contributions offer a thorough examination of the major steps in Den Hartogh’s ‘dual track approach’. This collection serves as a valuable supplement to the book and an important contribution to the ongoing debate about patient self-determination and well-being as foundational values in the ethics of determining one’s own death.
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Zielenziger, Michael. Shutting out the sun: How Japan created its own lost generation. New York: Nan A. Talese, 2006.
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Zielenziger, Michael. Shutting out the sun: How Japan created its own lost generation. New York, NY: Nan A. Talese, 2007.
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Del Punta, Riccardo, ed. Valori e tecniche nel diritto del lavoro. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.
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The volume collects the papers, duly revised and equipped with footnotes, presented at the conference "Values and Techniques in Labour Law", which was held in Florence on 20 and 21 September 2019, with the ambition to bring together in a single debate, although addressed by different perspectives, the topic of values and that of legal techniques, which often tend to proceed on their own ways, without seizing the reciprocal relationships. The volume is divided into four sections ("The values of labour law", "The employer’s powers and their limits", "The dismissals", "The non-standard and flexible contracts"), which explains the diversity of the thematic approaches but also the useful overlaps between the essays and the recurrence of some topics, first of all that of dismissal.
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Schouten, Regina. The Anatomy of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191999772.001.0001.
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Abstract This book develops a novel approach to theorizing liberal egalitarian justice. On the orthodox approach, a theory of justice comprises a set of normative principles to guide the design and workings of social institutions. The book argues that we should redirect the flow of theoretical attention to the values that normative principles aim to realize: We should aim for theory to provide evaluative discernment rather than normative principles. The term “values,” simply picks out the things that matter. Among the things that matter to egalitarians are civic relationships of a certain character and fair distributions of social goods. This redirection on its own is purely methodological: Those thinking about justice should take a longer look at what things matter—and what reasons those things furnish and how their mattering stacks up against the mattering of other things that matter—before they turn to the work of trying to systematize those answers in the form of principles for the design of political institutions. The book argues for that methodological reorientation in harness with a substantive way of filling it out with liberal egalitarian values. This proposed combination of schema and values, “the anatomy of justice,” comprises a modular approach to theorizing justice across circumstances of justice and deep injustice. The case for the anatomy of justice rests on what it can do: The anatomy resolves longstanding difficulties internal to liberal egalitarianism, provides unified but circumstance-responsive guidance for improving unjust societies, and supports compelling defenses of liberalism against feminist and egalitarian critics.
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Birkin, Jane. Archive, Photography and the Language of Administration. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729642.
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This alternative study of archive and photography brings many types of image assemblages into view, always in relation to the regulated systems operating within the institutional milieu. The archive catalogue is presented as a critical tool for mapping image time, and the language of image description is seen as having a life, a worth and an aesthetic value of its own. Functioning at the intersection of text and image, the book combines media culture, archival techniques, and contemporary discourse on art and conceptual writing.
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Spenceley, Annabel y Janine Amos. Let's Own Up. Rosen Publishing Group, 2009.
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Graeber, David. Toward An Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.
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Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2001.
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Graeber, David. Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.
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Foley, Richard. The Humanities and Sciences Are Different. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865122.003.0001.
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This chapter argues that inquiries in the sciences and humanities have different aims and the values informing these inquiries are also different. It maintains, in particular, that there are four major differences: (1) the sciences value findings that are not limited to particular locations, times, or things, but in the humanities universal generalizations aren’t so valued, nor should they be; (2) the sciences treasure findings that are as independent as possible of the perspectives of those conducting the inquiry, whereas this is not in general appropriate in the humanities; (3) the sciences aim to be wholly descriptive, but the humanities are also often concerned with prescriptive claims, which give expression to values; and (4) the sciences are organized around the importance of increasing the stock of collective knowledge, whereas in the humanities individual insight is highly valued for its own sake, independently of its ability to generate consensus.
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My Own Thank You Story in Rainbow Colored Land. Independent Publisher, 2012.
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Nathanson, Mitchell. A Game of Their Own. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036804.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses how baseball and America have been, in a symbolic sense, virtually synonymous. Very quickly, it felt natural to speak of baseball and America interchangeably, using one as a metaphor for the other, ascribing values to the game and the men who played and administered it that seemingly rang true on the larger canvas of the expanding nation as well. Baseball achieved this status on behalf of a group of status-conscious Americans who attempted to emulate the small-town values of the Protestant (WASP) establishment of the early and mid-nineteenth century, in an effort to increase their societal standing. For these men, who would eventually be known as baseball club owners, the goal was acculturation into the closed world of the respected WASP elites, a club they otherwise could never hope to join merely through accumulation of wealth alone.
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O'Connell, Timothy E. Tend Your Own Garden: How to Raise Great Kids. Thomas More Association, 1998.
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Phelan, Helen. Finding Your Own Voice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190672225.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 introduces the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance and its emergence as a key site of cultural debate and performance in the 1990s. It explores ways in which mythology, symbol, and ritual are constantly evoked within the Academy to reinforce, contest, and perform its core values of inclusivity, creativity, and respect for diversity. It examines the impact of practice theory on understandings of performance. Practice theory and performance studies have helped singers, dancers, and musicians recast their activities, not as passive “inscriptions” onto their bodies in socially structured rituals, but as active, intelligent practices, influencing social and cultural space through performance. It suggests that the Academy continuously ritualizes and performs its ethos of creative belonging.
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Stories in His Own Hand: The Everyday Wisdom of Ronald Reagan. Free Press, 2001.
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(Foreword), George P. Shultz, Kiron K. Skinner (Editor), Annelise Anderson (Editor) y Martin Anderson (Editor), eds. Stories in His Own Hand: The Everyday Wisdom of Ronald Reagan. Free Press, 2007.
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Davey, Joseph Dillon y Linda DuBois Davey. The Conscience of the Campus. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400630712.
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The conscience of today's college students is guided by the personal moral values that underlie its concept of justice. College professors frequently avoid discussions of moral values, fearful of either the deconstructionist's criticism or the alleged wall of separation between church and state. Regardless of their reasons, they tend to argue that today's students have no interest in discussing abstract concepts of morality. The Daveys argue that given the right case studies of moral dilemmas, today's college students will enthusiastically share and discuss their own moral values, learn to critically examine pressing social issues, and grow to new levels of understanding. More than two dozen scenarios involving moral questions concerning race, poverty, crime, drugs, sex, religion, educational funding, and constitutional rights are presented. These issues are faced by a generation raised during the information revolution. College students live in a world of such rapid change that nothing is certain about their future. It may well be that there has never been a time when college students were more eager to discuss fundamental questions about right and wrong, to examine their own moral values. This timely work is of value in any course touching upon moral values, including courses in sociology, education, political science and law, child development, criminal justice, and philosophy.
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Lopes, Dominic McIver. Hundred Mile Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827214.003.0008.
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The main argument for the network theory of aesthetic value is that it better explains the facts about aesthetic activity than aesthetic hedonism. According to the network theory, an aesthetic value figures in a fact that lends weight to the proposition that it would be an aesthetic achievement for an agent to act in the context of an aesthetic practice. Each aesthetic practice has its own aesthetic profile, in which determinate aesthetic values are distinctively realized, and each has core aesthetic norms centred on its distinctive aesthetic profile. An account is given of the valence of aesthetic values. The theory explains why aesthetic experts disperse into almost all demographic niches, why they jointly inhabit the whole aesthetic universe, why they specialize by aesthetic domain, why they specialize by type of activity, why they specialize by activity and domain interacts, and why their expertise is rooted in relatively stable psychological traits.
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Gupta, Mona. Ethical Issues in Evidence-Based Psychiatry. Editado por John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford y Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.10.
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First appearing in the published medical literature in 1992, evidence-based medicine (EBM) promotes a seemingly irrefutable principle: that clinical decision-making should be based, as much as possible, on the most up-to-date research findings. Nowhere has this idea been more welcome than in psychiatry, a field whose practices continue to be dogged by a legacy of controversial clinical interventions. For advocates, anchoring psychiatric practice in research data makes psychiatry more scientifically valid (meaning more accurate and value-neutral) and, as a result, more ethically legitimate. But because EBM makes certain assumptions about the nature of disease and treatment that may not apply to psychiatric disorders, it has also provoked vigorous debate in the field. This debate illustrates that rather than being value-neutral, EBM brings its own ethical values into practice. Are these the right values for psychiatry? The goal of this chapter is to stimulate reflection about this question.
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Frank, David M. Making Uncertainties Explicit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0005.
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According to Richard Jeffrey’s value-free ideal, scientists should avoid making value judgments about inductive risks by offering explicit representations of scientific uncertainty to decision-makers, who can use these to make decisions according to their own values. Some philosophers have responded by arguing that higher-order inductive risks arise in the process of producing representations of uncertainty. This chapter explores this line of argument and its limits, arguing that the Jeffreyan value-free ideal is achievable in contexts where methodological decisions introduce minimal higher-order uncertainty and where communications of uncertainty are unlikely to be manipulated or misunderstood by scientists or decision-makers. This chapter illustrates the limits of the Jeffreyan ideal with reference to climate science and argues that the context of climate science is not conducive to the Jeffreyan ideal, so the argument that climate modeling is value-laden due to higher-order inductive risks withstands recent criticisms.
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Scott, Peter. A Home of One’s Own. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783817.003.0004.
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Prior to 1914 owner-occupation was unusual, with even many landlords renting the houses they themselves lived in. The inter-war years, and particularly the 1930s, witnessed the start of a trend towards Britain becoming a nation of owner-occupiers and of a popular perception that ownership was socially superior to renting. The 1930s owner-occupation boom has traditionally been portrayed as a process from which the working class were largely excluded. However, working-class families (particularly recently married couples) played a substantial role in this boom. This transition was the product of falling building costs, mortgage liberalization, and an intensive marketing campaign by the two key components of the private house-building value chain: the house-building firms that determined the character, design, and location of the final product, and the building societies that provided the all-important mortgage finance.
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Tiberius, Valerie. Assessing Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809494.003.0004.
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This chapter returns to the practical question of how to help friends attain greater well-being. It starts with a summary of the questions we can ask to ascertain how a friend is doing, and then proceeds to consider some obstacles to helping. There are many challenges to helping well: we don’t know enough, we aren’t skilled enough, our friends aren’t open to the kind of help we can provide, or our friend’s values conflict with our own. Acknowledging these challenges allows us to identify guidance about how to be a more helpful friend, including the norms for when it is permissible to discount your friend’s value in case of value conflict. The end of the chapter turns to the question of how the value fulfillment theory can be applied beyond friendship to strangers, children, and animals.
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Richardson, John. Nietzsche's Values. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098230.001.0001.
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The book gives a uniquely comprehensive philosophical analysis of Nietzsche’s thinking. It shows how this thinking has its unifying focus on values: both the past and prevailing values that his psychologies and genealogies explain and the new values that he himself creates and defends. It maps, in detail, the argumentative structure of his thinking as it bears on this central topic. It argues that his ultimate ambition is to show how we can incorporate the truth about values into our own valuing—and that he is therefore more deeply committed to truth than often supposed. The book’s chapters examine twelve key concepts, each at the heart of a network of problems and ideas. A first group of concepts (value, life, drives, affects) treats the bodily valuing he attributes to our drives and affects; a second group (human, words, nihilism, freedom) treats the valuing we carry out in our deeply flawed conception of ourselves as moral agents; the third group (the Yes, self, creating, Dionysus) projects the values he offers as the lesson of his critiques—values centered on a universal affirmation expressed in the idea of eternal return. Each chapter organizes the rich complexity of Nietzsche’s thought on its topic and works to resolve contradictions, often by showing how he treats the concepts and problems as historical. The book synthesizes these detailed analyses into a systematic picture of his thought.
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What we owe to each other. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
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Lindsay, Keisha. In a Classroom of Their Own. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041730.001.0001.
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Many supporters of all-black male schools (ABMS) argue that they reduce black boys’ exposure to racist, “overly” feminized teachers. In casting black boys as victims of intersecting racial and gendered oppression, these supporters -- many of whom are black males -- demand an end to racism in the classroom and do so on the sexist assumption that women teachers are emasculating. This rationale for ABMS raises two questions that feminist theory has lost sight of. Why do oppressed groups articulate their experience in ways that challenge and reproduce inequality? Is it possible to build emancipatory political coalitions among groups who make such claims? This book answers these questions by articulating a new politics of experience. It begins by demonstrating that intersectionality is a politically fluid rather than an always feminist analytical framework. It also reveals a dialectical reality in which groups’ experiential claims rest on harmful assumptions and foster emancipatory demands. This book concludes that black male supporters of single-gender schools for black boys can build worthwhile coalitions around this complex reality when they interrogate their own as well as their critics’ assumptions and demands. Doing so enables these supporters to engage in educational advocacy that recognizes the value of public schools while criticizing the quality of such schools available to black boys and black girls.
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Nguyen, C. Thi. Games. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052089.001.0001.
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Games are a unique art form. Game designers don’t just create a world; they create who you will be in that world. They tell you what abilities to use and what goals to take on. In other words, games work in the medium of agency. This book explores what games have to teach us about our own rationality and agency. We have the capacity for a peculiar sort of motivational inversion. For some of us, winning is not the point. We take on an interest in winning temporarily, so that we can play the game. Thus, we are capable of taking on temporary and disposable ends. At the center of this book is a view about games as communicative artifacts. Games are a way of recording forms of agency; they are a library of agencies. And exploring that library can help us develop our own agency and autonomy. But this technology can also be used for art. Games can sculpt our practical activity, for the sake of the beauty of our own actions. Our struggles, in games, can be designed to fit our capacities. Games can present a harmonious world, where our abilities fit the task. Games are a kind of existential balm against the difficult and exhausting value clarity of the world. But this presents a special danger. Games can be a fantasy of value clarity, which can encourage us to oversimplify our enduring values.
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Mitchell, Jonathan. Emotion as Feeling Towards Value. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846013.001.0001.
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This book proposes and defends a new theory of emotional experience. Drawing on recent developments in the philosophy of emotion, with links to contemporary philosophy of mind, it argues that emotional experiences are sui generis states, not to be modelled after other mental states—such as perceptions, judgements, or bodily feelings—but given their own analysis and place within our mental economy. More specifically, emotional experiences are claimed to be feelings-towards-values. Central to the theory is the claim that emotional experiences include (non-bodily) felt attitudes which represent evaluative properties of the particular objects of those experiences. It is in this sense that emotional experiences are feelings-towards-values. After setting out a framework for theorizing about experiences and their contents, the book argues that the content of emotional experience is evaluative, doing so in more detail than in the previous literature. It then explains the best way of marrying the former claim with the presence of specific kinds of valenced attitudinal components in emotional experience and critical aspects of emotional phenomenology. It is argued that we should appeal to felt valenced attitudes of favour and disfavour, resulting in the feeling-towards-value view. Building on this, a distinctive role for bodily feelings is then introduced, by way of a somatic enrichment of these felt valenced attitudes. Finally, issues pertaining to the intelligibility of emotions are considered. It is shown how the feeling-towards-value view can account for the way in which emotional experiences often make sense in a first-person way.
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Peteet, John, Mary Lynn Dell y Wai Lun Alan Fung, eds. Ethical Considerations at the Intersection of Psychiatry and Religion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.001.0001.
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Psychiatry and religious/spiritual share an interest in human flourishing, a concern with beliefs and values, and an appreciation for community. Yet historical tensions between science and religion have often reinforced disciplinary boundaries and obstructed dialogue, leaving clinicians uncertain about how to approach ethical dilemmas arising between them. Common questions concern conflicting values, the ways that religion/spirituality informs the value commitments of patients and their clinicians, and what principles should guide the interaction between clinicians’ own professional and personal commitments.This volume aims to help readers think more clearly about these issues as they present to psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, religious professionals working in mental health settings, bioethicists and trainees in these disciplines. Rather than philosophical arguments or practice guidelines, chapter authors offer a conceptual framework for understanding the role of religion/spirituality in ethical decision-making, as well as pragmatic guidance for approaching challenging cases. Authors in Part One explore several dimensions of the ethical challenges presented by religious/spiritual related to diagnosis, integrated treatment, harmful religion, and the work of ethics committees and religious professionals. Those in Part Two consider ways of approaching these issues as they arise in different clinical contexts, such as forensic, consultation-liaison, geriatric, child, international and community psychiatry, as well as in psychiatric research and teaching.
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Jakab, András. Application of the EU CFR by National Courts in Purely Domestic Cases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0015.
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This chapter argues that the most promising way to conceptualize the values of European constitutionalism in a judicially enforceable manner is through a creative reinterpretation of Article 51(1) EU CFR. It asserts that in order to create a fully fledged value community which benefits all its citizens equally, the CFR should become fully applicable in every case in its own right—even in purely domestic cases in domestic courts and even in the absence of a systemic failure of fundamental rights protection at the domestic level. This would mean that judicial review would be introduced across Europe via the supremacy of EU law. This judicial review would be decentralized in the sense that local courts could exercise it, but its unified application would be ensured by the preliminary procedure. The EU could thus become a ‘community of fundamental rights’ with nobody left behind.
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Ems, Lindsay. Virtually Amish. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11792.001.0001.
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How the Amish have adopted certain digital tools in ways that allow them to work and live according to their own value system. The Amish are famous for their disconnection from the modern world and all its devices. But, as Lindsay Ems shows in Virtually Amish, Old Order Amish today are selectively engaging with digital technology. The Amish need digital tools to participate in the economy—websites for ecommerce, for example, and cell phones for communication on the road—but they have developed strategies for making limited use of these tools while still living and working according to the values of their community. The way they do this, Ems suggests, holds lessons for all of us about resisting the negative forces of what has been called “high-tech capitalism.” Ems shows how the Amish do not allow technology to drive their behavior; instead, they actively configure their sociotechnical world to align with their values and protect their community's autonomy. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two Old Order Amish settlements in Indiana, Ems explores explicit rules and implicit norms as innovations for resisting negative impacts of digital technology. She describes the ingenious contraptions the Amish devise—including “the black-box phone,” a landline phone attached to a device that connects to a cellular network when plugged into a car's cigarette lighter—and considers the value of human-centered approaches to communication. Non-Amish technology users would do well to take note of Amish methods of adopting digital technologies in ways that empower people and acknowledge their shared humanity. The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
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Your Second to Last Chapter: Creating a Meaningful Life on Your Own Terms. In Extenso Press, 2015.
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Song, Sarah. Immigration and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909222.001.0001.
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Immigration and Democracy develops an intermediate ethical position on immigration between closed borders and open borders. It argues that states have the right to control borders, but this right is qualified by an obligation to assist those outside their borders. In democratic societies, the right of immigration control must also be exercised in ways that are consistent with democratic values. Part I explores the normative grounds of the modern state’s power over immigration found in US immigration law and in political theory. It argues for a qualified, not absolute, right of states to control immigration based on a particular interpretation of the value of collective self-determination. Part II considers the case for open borders. One argument for open borders rests on the demands of global distributive justice; another argument emphasizes the value of freedom of movement as a fundamental human right. The book argues that both arguments fall short of justifying open borders. Part III turns to consider the substance of immigration policy for democratic societies. What kind of immigration policies should democratic societies adopt? What is required is not closed borders or open borders but controlled borders and open doors. Open to whom? The interests of prospective migrants must be weighed against the interests of the political community. Specific chapters are devoted to refugees and other necessitous migrants, family-based immigration, temporary worker programs, discretionary admissions, and what is owed to noncitizen residents, including unauthorized migrants living in the territory of democratic states.
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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada y Kristen Intemann. Values in Science and the Erosion of Trust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869229.003.0009.
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This chapter considers another factor that plays a role in eroding the public’s trust in science: concerns about the negative influence of nonepistemic values in science, particularly in controversial areas of inquiry with important effects on public policy. It shows that the credibility of scientists can be undermined when the public perceives that scientists have a political agenda or will be biased by their own personal or political values. However, to assume that the best way to address this problem is try to eliminate such values from science altogether would be a mistake. Ethical and social values are necessary and important to knowledge production. Consequently, the chapter explores alternative strategies to increase transparency and stakeholder involvement so as to address legitimate concerns about bias and sustain warranted trust in scientific communities.
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Livingstone, Sonia y Alicia Blum-Ross. Parenting for a Digital Future. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874698.001.0001.
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In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by the fact that they are living through a period of unprecedented digital innovation. Drawing on extensive research with parents both rich and poor, parenting toddlers to teenagers, this book reveals how digital technologies give parenting struggles a distinctive character, as parents determine how to forge new territory with little precedent, or support. It argues that, in late modernity, parents are both more burdened with responsibilities and yet increasingly charged with respecting and developing the agency of their child—leaving much to be negotiated. The book charts how parents enact authority and values through digital technologies—as “screen time,” videogames, and social media become ways of both being together and of setting boundaries, with digital technologies introducing valued opportunities and new sources of risk. To light their way, parents comb through the hazy memories of their own childhoods and look toward hard-to-imagine futures. This results in deeply diverse parenting in the present, as parents move between embracing, resisting, or balancing the role of technology in their own and their children’s lives. This book moves beyond the panicky headlines to offer a deeply researched exploration of what it means to parent in a period of significant social and technological change. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research in the United Kingdom, the book offers conclusions and insights relevant to parents, policymakers, educators, and researchers everywhere.
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Whitesell, Lloyd. Beautiful Uselessness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.003.0006.
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This chapter explores special cases where glamour conventions demonstrate aestheticist values, that is, the exaltation of style for its own sake. At such times, the aesthetic intensity of glamour seems to offer an escape to a world of pure artifice, beauty, and style. The discussion identifies the central values of aestheticism as expressed in the high-art milieu and illustrates the same values at work in glamorous numbers. To analyze ultrastylishness in musical arrangement, it considers finesse on a small scale (e.g., contrapuntal ornamentation, textural and harmonic ingenuity) before turning to ingenuity of overall design in numbers such as “Dancing in the Dark,” from the film The Band Wagon, and “This Heart of Mine,” from Ziegfeld Follies.
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Dodd, Julian. Being True to Works of Music. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859482.001.0001.
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This book argues that the so-called ‘authenticity debate’ about the performance of works of Western classical music has tended to focus on a side issue. While much has been written about the desirability (or otherwise) of historical authenticity—roughly, performing works as they would have been performed, under ideal conditions, in the era in which they were composed—the most fundamental norm governing our practice of work performance is, in fact, another kind of kind of authenticity altogether. This is interpretive authenticity: being faithful to the performed work by virtue of evincing a profound, far-reaching, or sophisticated understanding of it. While, in contrast to other performance values, both score compliance authenticity (being true to the work by obeying its score) and interpretive authenticity are valued for their own sake in performance, only the latter is a constitutive norm of the practice in the sense introduced by Christine Korsgaard. This has implications for cases in which the demands of these two kinds of authenticity conflict with each other. In cases of genuine such conflict, performers should sacrifice a little score compliance for the sake of making their performance more interpretively authentic.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. What is a story? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0040.
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This chapter argues that care is the occasion to start a shared project of reciprocal understanding between patient and clinician, and this project implies taking each other’s values into account. Coexistence, rather than consensus, is the framework within which this encounter is posited. This practice entails supporting the patient in making explicit her personal horizon of meaning (values and beliefs, i.e. ‘culture’), within which her narrative is set, and encouraging the clinician in making explicit to the patient his own set of theoretical assumptions, personal experiences, values, and beliefs explicit. This promotes a reciprocal exchange of perspectives with his patient, as well as the co-construction of a new meaningful narrative that includes and, if possible, integrates contributions from both the original perspectives. The clinician tolerates diversity and potential conflicts of values and beliefs, and facilitates coexistence when it is not possible to establish consensus.
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Herschkopf, Marta y John R. Peteet. Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. Editado por John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell y Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0012.
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Consultation-liaison psychiatrists, working at the interface between psychiatry and other medical specialties, frequently receive consultation requests reflecting tensions among the values of the clinical team, the patient, and the patient’s family. Yet little attention has been devoted to the religious and spiritual dimensions of these challenges. This chapter, using brief clinical case examples, reviews the relevance of religion/spirituality for ethical conflicts in several domains of consultation-liaison psychiatry. These areas of conflict include (1) the appropriate scope of the consulting psychiatrist’s role in diagnosis and treatment, (2) religious/spiritual aspects of capacity and candidacy evaluations, (3) patient and family values that conflict with those of the medical care team, and (4) a psychiatrist’s own values that conflict with the patient’s or society’s values. The chapter concludes by discussing in more depth a case involving several of these themes, analyzing it according to the Jonsen Four Quadrants Model.
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Moore, Michael S. Mechanical Choices. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863999.001.0001.
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This book assays how the remarkable discoveries of contemporary neuroscience impact our conception of ourselves and our responsibility for our choices and our actions. Dramatic (and indeed revolutionary) changes in how we think of ourselves as agents and as persons are commonly taken to be the implications of those discoveries of neuroscience. Indeed, the very notions of responsibility and of deserved punishment are thought to be threatened by these discoveries. Such threats are collected into four groupings: (1) the threat from determinism, that neurosciences shows us that all of our choices and actions are caused by events in the brain that precede choice; (2) the threat from epiphenomenalism, that our choices are shown by experiment not to cause the actions that are the objects of such choice but are rather mere epiphenomena, co-effects of common causes in the brain; (3) the threat from reductionist mechanism, that we and everything we value is nothing but a bunch of two-valued switches going off in our brains; and (4) the threat from fallibilism, that we are not masters in our own house because we lack the privileged knowledge of our own minds needed to be such masters. The book seeks to blunt such radical challenges while nonetheless detailing how law, morality, and common-sense psychology can harness the insights of an advancing neuroscience to more accurately assign moral blame and legal punishment to the truly deserving.
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Hill, Jennifer. How Consumer Culture Controls Our Kids. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400666575.
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This gripping book considers the history, techniques, and goals of child-targeted consumer campaigns and examines children's changing perceptions of what commodities they "need" to be valued and value themselves. In this critique of America's consumption-based society, author Jennifer Hill chronicles the impact of consumer culture on children—from the evolution of childhood play to a child's self-perception as a consumer to the consequences of this generation's repeated media exposure to violence. Hill proposes that corporations, eager to tap into a multibillion-dollar market, use the power of advertising and the media to mold children's thoughts and behaviors. The book features vignettes with teenagers explaining, in their own words, how advertising determines their needs, wants, and self-esteem. An in-depth analysis of this research reveals the influence of media on a young person's desire to conform, shows how broadcasted depictions of beauty distort the identities of children and teens, and uncovers corporate agendas for manipulating behavior in the younger generation. The work concludes with the position that corporations are shaping children to be efficient consumers but, in return, are harming their developing young minds and physical well-being.
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Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. Solidarity in Consumption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802433.003.0010.
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Contrary to a common picture of relationships in a market economy, people often express communal and membership-seeking impulses via consumption choices, purchasing goods and services because other people are doing so as well. Shared identities are maintained and created in this way. Solidarity goods are goods whose value increases as the number of people enjoying them increases. Exclusivity goods are goods whose value decreases as the number of people enjoying them increases. Distinctions can be drawn among diverse value functions, capturing diverse relationships between the value of goods and the value of shared or unshared consumption. Though markets spontaneously produce solidarity goods, individuals sometimes have difficulty in producing such goods on their own, or in coordinating on choosing them. Here law has a potential role. There are implications for trend setting, clubs, partnerships, national events, social cascades, and compliance without enforcement.
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Rochat, Philippe. Moral Acrobatics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190057657.001.0001.
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Pure monsters do not exist. That is difficult for us to fathom. Terrorists and other serial killers massacre innocent people, yet are perfectly capable of loving their own parents, neighbors, and children. Hitler was a vegetarian. He sent millions to their death while contemptuous of meat eaters and a strong advocate of animal welfare. He loved his pets. High-ranking Nazis were often cultured and had strong moral views. How do we reconcile such moral ambiguities? Could it capture something deep about how we build values? As members of a uniquely symbolic and self-conscious species, aware of its own mortality, we develop uncanny abilities toward lying and self-deception. We harbor deeply categorical and compartmentalized views of the world. We live within multiple, interchangeable moral spheres. We overcome our blatant moral ambiguities by thinking the world in black and white, imagining essence where there is none. We juggle double standards and manage contradictory values, clustering our existence depending on context and situations, whether we deal in relation to close kin, colleagues, strangers, lovers, or enemies. This social-contextual determination of the moral domain is the source of moral ambiguities and blatant contradictions we all need to own up to.
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Cronk, Nicholas. 9. The life and the afterlife. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199688357.003.0010.
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‘The life and the afterlife’ considers the challenges for Voltaire’s biographers. It is not easy to write a satisfactory account of his life: we know too much and too little. Another challenge is the long shadow cast by Voltaire’s reputation. Voltaire’s name is synonymous with a set of values: dislike of bigotry and superstition, belief in reason and toleration, freedom of speech. He has been a model for other great writers who have adapted these values to the struggles of their own day. This is a potent legacy, but not a static one. In true Enlightenment spirit, we continue to dialogue with Voltaire, and in so doing perpetuate his legacy.
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Siegrist, Michael y Christina Hartmann. Overcoming the Challenges of Communicating Uncertainties Across National Contexts. Editado por Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan y Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.47.
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The goal of risk communication is to provide information about risks and uncertainties in a way that enables people to make the best decisions, based on their own values. Various factors influence the success of risk communication. This chapter first highlights risk communication methods and formats that determine successful risk communication. For example, laypeople do not understand all presentation formats of numbers equally well, and risk comparisons help them improve their evaluation of risk information. It also introduces the influence of heuristics, trust, and cultural values for decisions under uncertainty conditions. In the case of controversial topics, heuristics and trust influence how people interpret uncertainties. Research suggests that most people depend on experts with whom they share salient values in a given context. Based on the available evidence, the chapter provides some recommendations for communicating uncertainties at the end of the chapter and further describe some avenues for research.
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Koczanowicz, Leszek. Politics of Dialogue. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748644056.001.0001.
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Contemporary democracy is in crisis. People are losing faith in in a system of democratic institutions that can cope with current social problems. The book sheds new light on this issue, drawing on the ideas of M. M. Bakhtin, American pragmatism, and others to show that dialogue in democracy can transcend both antagonistic and consensual perspectives. The author provides an overview of the history of the dialogue-vs.-antagonism opposition as it is embedded in modern political theory, and outlines the concept of dialogue in contemporary political thought. The author argues that dialogue is a value in and by itself and that it aims at better understanding rather than at consensus. Therefore, the main purpose of the democratic system is to promote better understanding. This idea is labelled as “non-consensual democracy.” The author goes on to demonstrate that Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism can usefully amend and augmet the ways in which community is addressed in political theory, allowing us to overcome allowing us to overcome the liberalism-vs.-communitarianism debate. To conclude, he introduces the concept of |”critical community,” i.e., a "dialogical, self-reflective community critical of its own tradition," to show that collective identities can be constructed in critical dialogue with the tradition and the values of a community.
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Yengoyan, Ashot, Arnak Sargsyan, Khosrovadukht Azatyan y Paylak Yengoyan. The Challenges of Armenia in the Context of the Transformation of the Global Development Paradigm. YSU press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/ysuph/9785808426429.
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The paradigm of modern global development, largely determined by the unipolar world order, is currently going through a period of transformation. The nature and content of the world politicaleconomic system is influenced not only by global globalization and geopolitical processes, but also by various social and national movements at the global and regional levels, the attitude of the population of countries to certain values, as well as the state of the world economy and finance, especially in those parts that traditionally are the drivers of its growth. The modern paradigm, as we know, finally took shape after the end of the Cold War and is distinguished by a clearly expressed neoliberal content, defined by many political scientists as neoliberal-libertarian monetarism. It is characterized by adherence to the neoliberal-libertarian value system, designed to ensure maximum individual freedom, with its own understanding of democratic transformations, interpretation of universal human norms of behavior based on the omnipotence of market relations. The latter are presented as a panacea for all negative phenomena both in the economy and in other areas of public life. Highlighting the concept of “monetarism” in the name of the global paradigm emphasizes the exceptional role of financial and economic policy in determining the vector of global development.