Tesis: "Vale of (Wales)"

1

Clark, Dudley Charles. "Revolt and revival in the valleys : the influence of religion and revivalism on the politics and labour relations of the Taff Vale Railway, South Wales, 1878-1914". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12753/.

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This thesis considers the social, political and religious changes affecting south Wales in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods through a holistic study of the lives of the men employed by the Taft Vale Railway (TVR). Its importance derives from four novel features. At its core are the employees of an entire railway company, not just a single centre or grade, and it has been informed by a wide range of disciplines from anthropology to theology. It has provided a closely observed examination of east Glamorgan society over the period, and it is emphasised that religion and politics were inextricably entwined in much of Welsh society. A contribution is made to the ongoing debate on the nature of community and its usefulness as a concept, and from this a 'Network Community' is proposed as a concept or investigative tool for use by social historians. The management's treatment of its workforce and the control strategies employed by companies through paternalism, welfarism and discipline are analysed. The Taft Vale dispute of 1900 is set in the context of the company's industrial relations history, and Ammon Beasley, General Manager 1891-1917, is shown to have been of greater importance to labour history than has been recognised. The fault lines in the realms of religion and politics, their influence on the company and the communities it served, and the denominational involvement of the TVA workmen are investigated. It draws attention to the fact that religion still played a ubiquitous role in the mores and culture of late-Victorian and Edwardian society. In south Wales this was dramatically enhanced by the phenomenon of religious revival; that of 1904-05 is shown to have been facilitated by the technology of the period, including the Taft Vale Railway, but without much impact on the railwaymen.

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2

Lloyd, Tim. "Present value models of agricultural land prices in England and Wales". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11753/.

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This study employs recently developed techniques in time series econometrics to estimate linear models of equilibrium price determination in a competitive market for durable assets. Motivating this study is the unstructured approach employed in previous land price research, where the theoretical model of agent behaviour is invariably mis-specified or left undeveloped and the empirical model prone to the problems of spurious regression. The joint issues of theoretical and statistical congruence play important roles here. Specifically, a theoretical model is developed in which market participants are assumed to price land using present value methods. At the market level this yields a reduced form expression of equilibrium price determination which can be estimated empirically using aggregate data for England and Wales. The concepts of error correction and cointegration are then investigated and applied to the land price model. A unique long run relationship is identified between real agricultural land prices, inflation and real agricultural rents. Taking account of inflation-hedging as a motivation for acquiring farmland, land prices are shown to be principally determined by the returns to land, as embodied by market rents. The empirical model is also congruent with theoretical predictions regarding the unit elasticity between asset prices and returns. The error correction representation of the cointegrating set indicates that the short run response of land prices to rent and inflation is larger than the long run response. Consequently, land prices initially overshoot their equilibrium values following changes in rents or inflation. The period of adjustment to long run equilibrium lasts around three or fours years. The long run real rate of discount on agricultural land is estimated at 3.6% confirming the widely held belief that real rates of return on farmland are low. Present value models incorporating naive, adaptive and rational expectations are also estimated and the adaptive model is favoured by the data.

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3

Harvey, Neil William. "Heat transfer on nozzle guide vane end walls". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293454.

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4

Sampaio, Joao Miguel Ramos Melo. "Domain walls in spin-valve nanotracks : characterisation and applications". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9053.

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Magnetic systems based on the manipulation of domain walls (DWs) in nanometre-scaled tracks have been shown to store data at high density, perform complex logic operations, and even mechanically manipulate magnetic beads. The magnetic nano-track has also been an indispensable model system to study fundamental magnetic and magneto-electronic phenomena, such as field induced DW propagation, spin-transfer torque, and other micromagnetic properties. Its value to fundamental research and the breath of potentially useful applications have made this class of systems the focus of wide research in the area of nanomagnetism and spintronics. This thesis focuses on DW manipulation and DW-based devices in spin-valve nanotracks. The spin-valve is a metallic multi-layered spintronic structure, wherein the electrical resistance varies greatly with the magnetisation of its layers. In comparison to monolayer tracks, the spin-valve track enables more sensitive and versatile measurements, as well as demonstrating electronic output of DW-based devices, an achievement of crucial interest to technological applications. However, these multi-layered tracks introduce new, potentially disruptive magnetic interactions, as well as fabrication challenges. In this thesis, the DW propagation in spin-valve nanotracks of different compositions was studied, and a system with DW propagation properties comparable to the state-of-the-art in monolayer tracks was demonstrated, down to an unprecedented lateral size of 33nm. Several DW logic devices of variable complexity were demonstrated and studied, namely a turn-counting DW spiral, a DW gate, multiple DW logic NOT gates, and a DW-DW interactor. It was found that, where the comparison was possible, the overall magnetic behaviour of these devices was analogous to that of monolayer structures, and the device performance, as defined by the range of field wherein they function desirably, was found to be comparable, albeit inferior, to that of their monolayer counterparts. The interaction between DWs in adjacent tracks was studied and new phenomena were observed and characterised, such as DW depinning induced by a static or travelling adjacent DW. The contribution of different physical mechanisms to electrical current induced depinning were quantified, and it was found that the Oersted field, typically negligible in monolayer tracks, was responsible for large variations in depinning field in SV tracks, and that the strength of spin-transfer effect was similar in magnitude to that reported in monolayer tracks. Finally, current induced ferromagnetic resonance was measured, and the domain uniform resonant mode was observed, in very good agreement to Kittel theory and simulations.

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5

Pike, Kathrine Louise. "Social value associated with marine and coastal protected area designations in England and Wales". Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2010. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/1428/.

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There is a current environment of change and progress within marine protection, reflected internationally by examples such as the Convention of Biological Diversity and nationally by the Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009. Despite the UK's government agenda in this area, and the draw of people to coastal areas generally, the larger UK public lacks understanding and awareness regarding the marine environment. Combined with these circumstances, the social value of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MCPAs) has been largely ignored relative to conservation and economics drivers, with the latter invariably taking precedence in environmental policy making. There is also a need for an appropriate framework or methodology with which to address the above in light of communicating, particularly the nontangible, social values of MCPAs to decision makers. This research investigates the social value of MCPAs in England and Wales through three data collection phases. These include a series of interviews to gain a perspective of social value from MCPA practitioners and the public. The emerging results are then examined in light of their operational value through in-depth case studies. The results led to the development of two assessment tools of social value which can accommodate both tangible and intangible values. The tools included a normative statement of examples demonstrating optimum social value, and a social value zoning tool that allows practitioners to 'map' the social value of their MCPA for evaluative purposes. The final research findings are represented by a conceptual model of social value within MCPAs. The assessment tools and model assist with the clarification of social value within MCPAs and can be used by decision makers to assess and communicate the social value of their site and influence management practice. This work demonstrates social value of MCPAs from several view pointsand develops tools which can be used by MCPA decision makers to evaluate, and further develop social value within these areas.

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6

Acosta, Antonio Ramon. "Existence of traveling waves and applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28677.

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7

Tee, Key Yong. "Twistor methods to the initial value problem of gravitational plane waves interaction". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268161.

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8

Canga, P. "Detention of minors in the United Kingdom and Turkey as an immigration policy : assessing the predictive value of human rights compliance theory". Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19259/.

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The end of World War II was the beginning of an era of promises being made for the protection of human rights. Since then, the international community has established a variety of legal instruments that aim to achieve this protection. These legal instruments at the international level provide certain standards for states to fulfil, such as the right to a fair trial and prohibition of arbitrary detention. Despite the growing international human rights network including several official and non-official actors, non-compliance with international protection standards by states is still a serious challenge within the system. The ever-enlarging literature on international law compliance theories persistently seeks to find ways to overcome this problem. Immigration detention of children, one of the human rights issues on which the international network has provided guidance to states, has been practiced by Turkish and British immigration authorities for a considerable period of time. This practice has been justified on the grounds of efficient immigration control. Nevertheless, these two countries recently took legislative steps towards compliance with international human rights standards regarding immigration detention of minors. This research investigated these processes in Turkey and the UK to find out whether there were any actors that influenced the decision to change legislation by applying a selected compliance theory that focuses on socialisation between various actors such as courts and international monitoring bodies and the state. It was clear that these two very different countries reached the same conclusions via distinct routes, in reference to different reasons and motivations. While the theory’s predictive value showed only limited success in the UK’s case due to its reliance on socialisation and international law, it had high explanatory power for Turkey’s case. Nonetheless, it still demonstrated the importance of identifying actors capable of influencing decisionmaking of states to further strengthen the system of protection of human rights.

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9

Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine, Bertrand. "Extreme value statistics of strongly correlated systems : fermions, random matrices and random walks". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS122/document.

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La prévision d'événements extrêmes est une question cruciale dans des domaines divers allant de la météorologie à la finance. Trois classes d'universalité (Gumbel, Fréchet et Weibull) ont été identifiées pour des variables aléatoires indépendantes et de distribution identique (i.i.d.).La modélisation par des variables aléatoires i.i.d., notamment avec le modèle d'énergie aléatoire de Derrida, a permis d'améliorer la compréhension des systèmes désordonnés. Cette hypothèse n'est toutefois pas valide pour de nombreux systèmes physiques qui présentent de fortes corrélations. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions trois modèles physiques de variables aléatoires fortement corrélées : des fermions piégés,des matrices aléatoires et des marches aléatoires. Dans la première partie, nous montrons plusieurs correspondances exactes entre l'état fondamental d'un gaz de Fermi piégé et des ensembles de matrices aléatoires. Le gaz Fermi est inhomogène dans le potentiel de piégeage et sa densité présente un bord fini au-delà duquel elle devient essentiellement nulle. Nous développons une description précise des statistiques spatiales à proximité de ce bord, qui va au-delà des approximations semi-classiques standards (telle que l'approximation de la densité locale). Nous appliquons ces résultats afin de calculer les statistiques de la position du fermion le plus éloigné du centre du piège, le nombre de fermions dans un domaine donné (statistiques de comptage) et l'entropie d'intrication correspondante. Notre analyse fournit également des solutions à des problèmes ouverts de valeurs extrêmes dans la théorie des matrices aléatoires. Nous obtenons par exemple une description complète des fluctuations de la plus grande valeur propre de l'ensemble complexe de Ginibre.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions les questions de valeurs extrêmes pour des marches aléatoires. Nous considérons les statistiques d'écarts entre positions maximales consécutives (gaps), ce qui nécessite de prendre en compte explicitement le caractère discret du processus. Cette question ne peut être résolue en utilisant la convergence du processus avec son pendant continu, le mouvement Brownien. Nous obtenons des résultats analytiques explicites pour ces statistiques de gaps lorsque la distribution de sauts est donnée par la loi de Laplace et réalisons des simulations numériques suggérant l'universalité de ces résultats
Predicting the occurrence of extreme events is a crucial issue in many contexts, ranging from meteorology to finance. For independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, three universality classes were identified (Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull) for the distribution of the maximum. While modelling disordered systems by i.i.d. random variables has been successful with Derrida's random energy model, this hypothesis fail for many physical systems which display strong correlations. In this thesis, we study three physically relevant models of strongly correlated random variables: trapped fermions, random matrices and random walks.In the first part, we show several exact mappings between the ground state of a trapped Fermi gas and ensembles of random matrix theory. The Fermi gas is inhomogeneous in the trapping potential and in particular there is a finite edge beyond which its density vanishes. Going beyond standard semi-classical techniques (such as local density approximation), we develop a precise description of the spatial statistics close to the edge. This description holds for a large universality class of hard edge potentials. We apply these results to compute the statistics of the position of the fermion the farthest away from the centre of the trap, the number of fermions in a given domain (full counting statistics) and the related bipartite entanglement entropy. Our analysis also provides solutions to open problems of extreme value statistics in random matrix theory. We obtain for instance a complete description of the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue in the complex Ginibre ensemble.In the second part of the thesis, we study extreme value questions for random walks. We consider the gap statistics, which requires to take explicitly into account the discreteness of the process. This question cannot be solved using the convergence of the process to its continuous counterpart, the Brownian motion. We obtain explicit analytical results for the gap statistics of the walk with a Laplace distribution of jumps and provide numerical evidence suggesting the universality of these results

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10

Nicolet, Pascale. "The classification and conservation value of wetland plant and macroinvertebrate assemblages in temporary ponds in England and Wales". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271278.

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11

Barnes, Geoffrey R., of Western Sydney Macarthur University y Faculty of Education and Languages. "A motivational model of enrolment intentions in senior secondary science courses in New South Wales (Australia) schools". THESIS_FEL_XXX_Barnes_G.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/53.

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This thesis presents a set of models of enrolment behaviour in senior secondary science courses in New South Wales (Australia) schools. The models have been developed out of concerns about declining enrolments and continued sex differences in enrolments in these courses. They use the framework of the Science enrolment Model (SEM), a framework which uses an expectancy/value approach to examine the relationships between the various influences and their combined effect on enrolment behaviour. The SEM was constructed by fitting the factors which have been shown to influence enrolment behaviour in the sciences to the structure of the General Model of Academic Choice, a model of achievement related behaviour developed by Eccles and colleagues. Models were constructed for enrolment behaviour in three specialist science courses; Biology, Chemistry and Physics and two non-specialist science courses; General Science and Science for Life. These five courses account for 97 percent of enrolments in senior secondary science in New South Wales. Measures of enrolment intentions were predicted by, measures of interest, perceived career value, TER value (value as a means gaining university entrance) and a combined measure of self-concept and performance expectations. These constructs were, in turn, predicted by measures of perceptions of parent and teacher attitudes, perceptions of past performance, attributions for past performance and personality measures. The enrolment models explained between 60% and 70% of the variance in enrolment intentions in the specialist science subjects. 'Career value' was found to be a major influence on enrolment behaviour in all five subjects. The expectancy and value variables explained approximately 80 percent of the sex difference in enrolment intentions in the specialist science subjects. Career considerations accounted for between 30 percent and 50 percent of this difference
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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12

Evans, Jennifer y res cand@acu edu au. "The Value of Transition Support Programs for Newly Registered Nurses and the Hospitals Offering the Programs in New South Wales". Australian Catholic University. School of Education, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp94.29052006.

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The research reported in this thesis explored the perceived value of transition support programs for newly registered nurses in New South Wales and the health care facilities offering such programs. Although transition support programs have been designed and implemented in various forms since the transfer of nurse education to the tertiary sector, there remains little evaluative evidence of the value of such programs. Two groups of registered nurses formed the participants in this study. The first were new graduate nurses who completed a transition support program within the past 12 months. The second comprised experienced nurses who worked with new graduate nurses during their transition support program. The study was carried out in seven hospitals in area health services across and around Sydney, representing both small and large facilities with bed numbers ranging from 195 to 530. Data were collected from four sources including the printed materials made available by sample hospitals. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to determine the purposes, outcomes and strengths and weaknesses of transition support programs. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and theme extraction. The themes described the ways in which the transition support programs were used to facilitate the transition of the newly registered nurse to confident beginning practitioner. There was widespread belief from the study participants that some aspects of nurse education at university were inadequate. As a result, various structures and policies were required to support the new graduate nurses as they entered the workplace. The transition support programs were used to increase nursing staff for the study hospitals and to provide new learning opportunities for new graduate nurses to enable them to develop the clinical and professional skills required of competent registered nurses. The rotational aspect of the transition support programs were used to provide staff for the less popular areas of the hospital as well as a variety of experiences and skill development opportunities that were considered lacking in the current undergraduate education of nurses. The work environment where the programs operate were described as difficult with nurses exposed to violence and bullying practices from fellow staff and frequently required to work with a less than ideal number or appropriate skill mix of nursing staff. The hospitals also used the transition support program to exert a controlling influence over the new graduate nurse by way of roster management, assessment of skills and the expectation that each nurse would complete a transition support program before being offered full time work. The thesis concludes with recommendations and future research avenues. It would be useful for hospitals to conduct formal evaluations of the transition support program they offer to provide the most effective program possible. One source of information could be sought from the new graduate nurses regarding their needs during the first six months of employment. It is also suggested that a study be commenced that investigates the reasons behind the perception that nurse education at universities in New South Wales is inadequate.

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13

Zhang, Yanli. "Control of Disclinations and Walls in New Types of Display Devices". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1132453741.

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14

Lippincott, Barbara. "The effect of restructuring on earnings expectations and firm value : an empirical investigation /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924900.

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15

Kozak, Jeffrey D. "Investigation of Inlet Guide Vane Wakes in a F109 Turbofan Engine with and without Flow Control". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28833.

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A series of experiments were conducted in a F109 turbofan engine to investigate the unsteady wake profiles of an Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) at a typical spacing to the downstream fan at subsonic and transonic relative blade velocities. The sharp trailing-edge vanes were designed to produce a wake profile consistent with modern IGV. Time averaged baseline measurements were first performed with the IGV located upstream of the aerodynamic influence of the fan. Unsteady experiments were performed with an IGV-fan spacing of 0.43 fan chords. High-frequency on-vane pressure measurements showed strong peak-to-peak amplitudes at the blade passing frequency (BPF) of 4.7 psi at the transonic fan speeds. High-frequency total pressure measurements of the IGV wake were taken between the IGV and fan. Results showed that the total pressure loss coefficient of the time averaged IGV wake is reduced by 30% for the subsonic fan, and increased by a factor of 2 for the transonic fan compared to the baseline. Time resolved wake profiles for subsonic fan speeds show constructive and destructive interactions over each blade pass generated by the fan potential flow field. Time resolved wake profiles for the transonic fan speeds show that shock interactions with the IGV surface result in the wake shedding off of the vane at the BPF. Furthermore, the effectiveness of trailing edge blowing (TEB) flow control was investigated. TEB is the method of injecting air aft of the IGV to reduce the low pressure regions (deficits) in the viscous wakes shed by the vanes. Minimizing the IGV wakes reduces the forcing function on the downstream fan blades, thereby reducing high cycle fatigue. The TE span of the vane contains discrete holes at the axial centerline for TEB. Baseline results showed that TEB eliminates the IGV wake, while using only 0.03% of the total engine mass flow per IGV. TEB for the subsonic fan at the close spacing shows complete wake filling using the same mass flow as the baseline. TEB for the transonic fan shows a reduction of 68% in the total pressure loss coefficient, while requiring 2.5 times the mass flow as the baseline.
Ph. D.

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16

Shebib, Joseph David Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Skill and wages; the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value in the Federal Public Service". Ottawa, 1992.

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17

Moore, Kieron R. "Coupled Boussinesq equations and nonlinear waves in layered waveguides". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13636.

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There exists substantial applications motivating the study of nonlinear longitudinal wave propagation in layered (or laminated) elastic waveguides, in particular within areas related to non-destructive testing, where there is a demand to understand, reinforce, and improve deformation properties of such structures. It has been shown [76] that long longitudinal waves in such structures can be accurately modelled by coupled regularised Boussinesq (cRB) equations, provided the bonding between layers is sufficiently soft. The work in this thesis firstly examines the initial-value problem (IVP) for the system of cRB equations in [76] on the infinite line, for localised or sufficiently rapidly decaying initial conditions. Using asymptotic multiple-scales expansions, a nonsecular weakly nonlinear solution of the IVP is constructed, up to the accuracy of the problem formulation. The asymptotic theory is supported with numerical simulations of the cRB equations. The weakly nonlinear solution for the equivalent IVP for a single regularised Boussinesq equation is then constructed; constituting an extension of the classical d'Alembert's formula for the leading order wave equation. The initial conditions are also extended to allow one to separately specify an O(1) and O(ε) part. Large classes of solutions are derived and several particular examples are explicitly analysed with numerical simulations. The weakly nonlinear solution is then improved by considering the IVP for a single regularised Boussinesq-type equation, in order to further develop the higher order terms in the solution. More specifically, it enables one to now correctly specify the higher order term's time dependence. Numerical simulations of the IVP are compared with several examples to justify the improvement of the solution. Finally an asymptotic procedure is developed to describe the class of radiating solitary wave solutions which exist as solutions to cRB equations under particular regimes of the parameters. The validity of the analytical solution is examined with numerical simulations of the cRB equations. Numerical simulations throughout this work are derived and implemented via developments of several finite difference schemes and pseudo-spectral methods, explained in detail in the appendices.

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18

Kochi, Ikuho. "Essays on the Value of a Statistical Life". unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04302007-172639/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Laura O. Taylor, committee chair; H. Spencer Banzhaf, Susan K. Laury, Mary Beth Walker, Kenneth E. McConnell, committee members. Electronic text (177 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-176).

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19

Kaufman, Pamela E. y n/a. "Conserving urban cultural landscapes : a critical examination of social values in landuse planning decisions". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060807.125523.

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Increased development pressure in inner city areas of many Australian and North American cities has resulted in the loss of locally valued cultural landscapes. Accompanying this process is palpable concern by local residents that their values have not been taken into account. While architectural and historical values are well recognised by heritage and planning practitioners, less tangible social values are often ignored. This thesis argues that a gap has formed between the process through which people interact with place and the process of landuse planning. The aim of the research is to critically examine this gap. Pyrmont and Ultimo, an inner city redevelopment area of Sydney, provides a context of rapid social and physical change. Open-ended, unstructured and semi-structured interviews with residents of Pyrmont and Ultimo, and professionals involved in planning and development provide insight into perspectives about the consideration of social values in landuse planning. The results indicate that the loss of valued places may have physical and social implications on people and place including loss of local character and identity, increased conflict, resident anxiety and disillusionment with planning processes. Residents and planners develop strategies for coping, but these do little to improve limited information flow and understanding. Bridging the gap between the two processes calls for a stronger link between heritage conservation and planning, in addition to planning reform. The research suggests the need for formal landuse planning to recognise the value of situational knowledge and social significance, rather than rely on technical expertise and physical fabric. Efforts spent on refining methods for identification and assessment of social value may be better directed towards developing and improving methods for integrating the concept of social value into the planning framework.

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20

Bernhoff, Niclas. "On Half-Space and Shock-Wave Problems for Discrete Velocity Models of the Boltzmann Equation". Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2373.

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We study some questions related to general discrete velocity (with arbitrarily number of velocities) models (DVMs) of the Boltzmann equation. In the case of plane stationary problems the typical DVM reduces to a dynamical system (system of ODEs). Properties of such systems are studied in the most general case. In particular, a topological classification of their singular points is made and dimensions of the corresponding stable, unstable and center manifolds are computed. These results are applied to typical half-space problems of rarefied gas dynamics, including the problems of Milne and Kramer. A classification of well-posed half-space problems for linearized DVMs is made. Exact solutions of a (simplified) linearized kinetic model of BGK type are found as a limiting case of the corresponding discrete models. Existence of solutions of weakly non-linear half-space problems for general DVMs are studied. The solutions are assumed to tend to an assigned Maxwellian at infinity, and the data for the outgoing particles at the boundary are assigned, possibly depending on the data for the incoming particles. The conditions, on the data at the boundary, needed for the existence of a unique (in a neighborhood of the assigned Maxwellian) solution of the problem are investigated. Both implicit, in the non-degenerate cases, and sometimes, in both degenerate and non-degenerate cases, explicit conditions are found. Shock-waves can be seen as heteroclinic orbits connecting two singular points (Maxwellians) for DVMs. We give a constructive proof for the existence of solutions of the shock-wave problem for the general DVM. This is worked out for shock speeds close to a typical speed, corresponding to the sound speed in the continuous case. We clarify how close the shock speed must be for our theorem to hold, and present an iteration scheme for obtaining the solution. The main results of the paper can be used for DVMs for mixtures as well as for DVMs for one species.

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21

Palmquist, Jonatan. "Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Fan Outlet Guide Vane : Detecting damages and impacts using piezoelectric wafer active sensors and Lamb waves". Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203807.

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The use of composite materials within the aerospace industry has increased in the last decades and is still on the rise. Most composite applications are in the aircraft body parts but engine components such as fan blades and fan outlet guide vanes (FOGV) are now also to be found. Metals are well studied and both their fatigue and cracking behavior are well known but for composites this is not the case. Composites also have problems such as micro-cracking, delamination and porosity, which all can be difficult to detect but yet result in significant decreas in load carrying capacity. The ability to monitor a structure in real time would increase safety, lead to a reduction of maintenance costs, both in terms of reduced downtime and easier repairs, and allow for reduced requirements in design loads. One of the most promising techniques for a structural health monitoring system is using Lamb waves since they have a great ability to propagate over large area and have good sensitivity and resolution. A number of carbon fiber FOGV, equipped with piezoelectric transducers, has been manufactured at GKN Aerospace Sweden AB. By using the piezoelectric transducers to send a wave pulses through the structures and compare the pulse response for a damaged and an undamaged case, it has been investigated if it is possible to detect damages, what the main limitations of the system are and if there are any possible improvements to be made. The piezoelectric elements ability to detect impacts has also been investigated. Most of the testing has been performed on a carbon fiber sandwich plate, to then apply the same principles for a FOGV. Lamb waves do indeed seem to have a great potential for detecting damages and a difference between the undamaged plate and the damaged plate could be observed both in the root mean square value, the peak-to-peak alue, the time of flight and the frequency content of the pulse response. The piezoelectric sensors are very sensitive and have a great ability to detect impacts. The greatest limitations encountered during the project have been problems with the hardware, both with the amplifiers used and restrictions in data acquisition unit. Other limitations of the system are the sensitivity due to changes of boundary conditions and disturbances form external sources.

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22

Siminski, Peter Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Essays on the distributional impacts of government". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41238.

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This thesis consists of three independent essays, unified by the common theme of the distributional impacts of government. The first paper estimates the price elasticity of demand for pharmaceuticals amongst high-income older people in Australia. It exploits a natural experiment by which some people gained entitlement to a price reduction through the Commonwealth Seniors Health Card (CSHC). The preferred model is a nonlinear Instrumental Variable (IV) difference-in-difference regression, estimated on repeated cross sectional survey data using the Generalised Method of Moments. No significant evidence is found for endogenous card take-up, and so cross-sectional estimates are also considered. Taking all of the results and possible sources of bias into account, the ??headline?? estimate is -0.1, implying that quantity demanded is not highly responsive to price. The elasticity estimate is a key input into the second paper which analyses the distributional impact of the CSHC. I consider the trade-off between moral hazard and risk pooling. There have been few previous attempts internationally to address this trade-off empirically for any health insurance scheme. The utility gain through risk-pooling is found to be negligible. However, the deadweight loss through moral hazard may be considerable. I also use an illustrative model to demonstrate the possible effects of the CSHC on inter-temporal savings behaviour. While the CSHC may induce some people to save, it may have the opposite effect on others. The net impact was not determined. The third paper estimates the Australian public sector wage premium. It includes a detailed critical review of the methods available to address this issue. The chosen approach is a quasi-differenced panel data model, estimated by nonlinear IV, which has many advantages over other methods and has not been used before for this topic. I find a positive average public sector wage premium for both sexes. The best estimates are 10.0% for men and 7.1% for women. The estimate for men is statistically significant (p < 0.04) and borders on significance for women (p < 0.07). No evidence is found to suggest that the public sector has an equalising effect on the wages of its workers.

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23

Light, J. M. "" ... of inestimable value to the town and district?" : a study of the urban middle classes in south Wales with particular reference to Pontypool, Bridgend and Penarth, c.1850-1890". Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637914.

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This thesis considers the evidence to suggest that there was an influential middle-class presence in nineteenth-century urban south Wales, focusing particularly on the period c.1850-1890. It asks whether interpretations which view the middle classes in Wales as either insignificant or ‘anglicised’ need to be modified. It considers problems of definition with regard to the middle classes, and seeks to establish their numbers and geographical origins. The research focuses on three towns, Pontypool, Bridgend and Penarth, using a wide range of contemporary sources to gather detailed information about middle-class individuals who were active in each town. Evidence for the formation of class-consciousness within the middle classes is assessed by considering aspects of life such as residential segregation, education, leisure and religious and political affiliations. We examine how members of the middle classes constructed a public persona in order to maintain their social and political position in the town, and the role of the local newspaper is considered in relation to this, with an assessment of the effectiveness of its ‘surveillance’. The relationships between the middle classes and those above and below them in the social scale are analysed through an examination of attitudes towards the holding of local power, ambition for social status, recreation, education, politics and welfare. Was the urban necessarily an arena for challenge and class conflict, or could reciprocal relationships continue to operate in the urban arena as they had done in deferential ‘traditional’ societies? Analysis centres on whether the concept of place crucially affects our understanding of class relationships. The thesis goes on the consider the role of the middle classes in local government and the provision of facilities and amenities in the towns. Finally, it assesses the overall significance and value of their contribution to urban development in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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24

Alkhado, Luqman y Youcef Boussaa. "Heat transfer tests on EPS material and massive timber wall component". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28673.

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Timber walls are known to be an energy efficient component in the building envelope. These building elements are essential in the passive design and have been pointed out to their ability to regulate the indoor climate and reduce energy demand. Heat transfer measurements of thermal transmittance value of Iso-timber wall component have been performed with the climate chamber at three temperature differences. The influence of temperature variations on the thermal conduction of the wall were investigated. The temperature on the warm side was kept at room temperature 20 °C while the cold side temperature was decreased from 0 C to -20 C during the tests. As the temperature difference is increased, the thermal transmittance value of the timber wall component decreased slightly due to decrease in the thermal conductivity value. The effect of density and porosity on the thermal conductivity may be related to the presence of air voids and cell boundaries inside the timber wall. Results have showed that the U-value of the timber wall component decreases at higher temperature differences which indicates the higher degree of insulation of the timber wall component.

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25

Hlongwane, Nomagugu. "Commentary on South Africa's position regarding equal pay for work of equal value: a comparative perspective". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This paper compared the South African concepts of pay equity and equal pay for work of equal value with those of industrialised countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. The study considered how South Africa recognized the right to promote equal pay, in the absence of a proper legal framework which expressly includes such a right. The paper also focused on the impact of statutes and case law on the developments of equal pay in the aforementioned industrialized countries. It also considered the impact of the decisions of the European Court of Justice on such developments as well as it impact on the interpretation of equal pay in these industrialised countries. The purpose of such comparison was not to transplant the legal system of these industrialised countries but to assist South Africa in remedying its weaknesses by creating legal rules for the promotion of equal pay for work of equal value.

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26

Silva, Eduardo Ribeiro. "An??lise cr??tica do modelo de mensura????o vari??vel proposto pelo m??todo do EVA??" FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2004. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/598.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo_Ribeiro_Silva.pdf: 1063175 bytes, checksum: 3edc1135a16a6fa8cd3089603ed29233 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-09
This study's objective is to realize a critical analysis of the EVA?? Variable Remuneration Program, beginning from it's theoretical conception and culminating to the definition and critical analysis of the inherent requisites of the analyzed variable remuneration programs in contrast with the identified requisites in the EVA?? Variable Remuneration Program. The EVA?? model shows it's variable remuneration program as a mechanism with the capacity of making managers to think and behave as the company's owners, based on the allegation that the bigger the EVA the bigger the manager's bonus, and the bigger the wealth created to the shareholder. However, this affirmation will be questioned by this dissertation. The research identified that the behavior and the satisfaction of the companies' employers are not just tied to the financial questions, but they are also connected to a variety of elements with the capacity of forming a motivated working environment. It was verified in this dissertation that the EVA?? Variable Remuneration Program partly attends the inherent requisites of the variable remuneration programs
O presente estudo tem o objetivo de realizar a an??lise cr??tica do Programa de Remunera????o Vari??vel EVA??, iniciando por sua concep????o te??rica e culminando na defini????o e an??lise cr??tica dos requisitos inerentes aos programas de remunera????o vari??vel analisados, em contraposi????o aos requisitos identificados no Programa de Remunera????o Vari??vel EVA??. O modelo EVA?? apresenta o seu programa de remunera????o vari??vel como mecanismo capaz de fazer os gestores pensarem e agirem como donos da empresa, sob a alega????o de que quanto maior o EVA, maior o b??nus para o gestor, e maior a riqueza gerada para o acionista. No entanto, esta afirma????o ser?? questionada nesta disserta????o. A pesquisa identificou que o comportamento e a satisfa????o dos funcion??rios de uma empresa n??o est??o relacionados apenas ao car??ter financeiro, e sim a um conjunto de elementos capazes de formar um ambiente de trabalho motivador. Foi verificado nesta disserta????o que o Programa de Remunera????o vari??vel EVA?? atende parcialmente os requisitos inerentes aos programas de remunera????o vari??vel.

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27

Mohsin, Nooraldeen y Bawan Hardi. "Ytterväggar för nybyggnation av modulhus : Hur påverkar valet av yttervägg installation och kostnader för modulhus". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36330.

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This work aims at identifying and proposing four prefabricated exterior wall elements to a company that will build small prefabricated houses where the house elements are produced in a Micro factory. The four wall elements are as follows: Corner wall units, wall elements with no cut-out for windows and doors, wall elements with cut-out for a window and door and wall elements with cut-out for a door. In this report four different prefabricated outer wall elements have been proposed for small housing project. A comparison study has been made between three different wall solutions (Outer wall solution two has been proposed by the students themselves as well as outer wall solution one and three from two different building suppliers, Isover and Paroc.) to ensure which of these walls fits the best for the four prefabrication element drawings. The main difference between the walls solutions mentioned above is that outer wall solution two has one thick layer of insulation with light beam rails and outer wall solution one and three has massive tree beams in them with separated insulation layers. The advantage of light rails compared to massive rails in outer walls is that the thermal bridges are minimized due to the fact that there are not as much exposed joints in the outer wall with light rails. One more big difference is that the U-value's differ between the three outer-wall solutions. Since the materials are different in the three outer-walls the sound insulation and fire protection characteristics also differ. The sound insulation and fire protection ability depends mainly on the amount of plaster boards and type of insulation in the wall. Outer wall solution two has been chosen for the house project and it will be the head characteristic wall ahead in this report. Outer wall Option Two) was chosen for the project. It was chosen due to following criteria's: low energy needs for active heating, low manufacturing costs, low U-value, low construction weight, good moist resistance, good sound reduction and high fire protection class.

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28

Walcker, Romain. "Dynamique spatiale des mangroves de Guyane entre 1950 et 2014 : forçage atmosphérique et conséquence pour le stock de carbone côtier". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30318/document.

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La mangrove de Guyane est caractérisée par un dynamisme spatial exceptionnel. Ce caractère découle de processus hydro-sédimentaires côtiers très intenses. Les objectifs de la thèse ont été de : (1) quantifier la dynamique spatiale de l'écosystème mangrove à l'échelle régionale et multi-décennale par l'analyse de données d'archives issues de la télédétection ; (2) tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle le climat océanique serait à l'origine de cette dynamique en évaluant les corrélations avec des séries temporelles de données atmosphériques et d'états de surface de l'océan ; (3) quantifier les conséquences de cette dynamique spatiale sur le stockage du carbone en mangrove. Les résultats ont montré qu'environ 15 000 ha de mangrove fluctuent à l'échelle multi-décennale en opposition avec les phases de l'Oscillation Nord Atlantique (NAO), principal mode de variabilité atmosphérique en Atlantique Nord. Le lien est opéré par l'intermédiaire des vagues océaniques dont l'énergie est modulée par les phases de la NAO. L'étude suggère que la diminution des surfaces de mangrove est la conséquence de périodes où les vagues sont puissantes (phase NAO+), ce qui favorise l'érosion côtière, la remise en suspension des sédiments et leur transport le long de la côte. Au contraire, les périodes où les vagues sont faibles (phase NAO-) favorisent le dépôt des sédiments, ce qui est à l'origine de l'expansion des surfaces de mangrove. Les résultats montrent que l'alternance entre des périodes d'expansion et de retrait génère une mosaïque d'âges de mangrove qui détermine la capacité de stockage du carbone par l'écosystème. A partir de ce dernier résultat, l'étude suggère qu'au cours du temps la mangrove puisse alternativement passer d'une fonction de puis à celle de source de carbone pour l'océan côtier et l'atmosphère
Mangroves in French Guiana are characterized by their spatial dynamism. This specificity is the result of intense coastal sedimentary processes. The goals of this study are to: (1) quantify mangrove spatial dynamics on a regional level and a multi-decadal timescale using archives of remote sensing images; (2) test the hypothesis of the role played by the atmosphere using correlations with time series of atmospheric and ocean surface reanalysis datasets; (3) quantify consequence of this spatial dynamism on coastal carbon storage. Results showed that approximatively 15 000 ha of mangroves fluctuate on a multi-decadal timescale in opposition to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases, the main mode of atmospheric multi-decadal variability in the North Atlantic. This relation is operated by ocean waves whose energy is modulated by NAO phases. The study suggests that, on the one hand, decrease of mangrove surface areas is due to periods of high wave energy (NAO+) which favour coastal erosion and mangrove retreat, sediment resuspension and transport. On the other hand, the study suggests that periods of low wave energy (NAO-) favour sediment deposition on the coast and is at the origin of mangrove surface area expansion. Results also showed that alternation between phases of retreat and expansion generates the demographic structure of mangrove ages, which determines the mangrove carbon storage capacity. The study finally suggests that through time mangrove can switch from a source to a sink of carbon, and vice and versa, for the ocean and the atmosphere

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29

Kazhuthuveettil, Sreedharan Jithin. "Échantillonnage et inférence dans réseaux complexes". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4121/document.

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L’émergence récente de grands réseaux, surtout réseaux sociaux en ligne (OSN), a révélé la difficulté de crawler le réseau complet et a déclenché le développement de nouvelles techniques distribuées. Dans cette thèse, nous concevons et analysons des algorithmes basés sur les marches aléatoires et la diffusion pour l'échantillonnage, l'estimation et l'inférence des fonctions des réseaux. La thèse commence par le problème classique de trouver les valeurs propres dominants et leurs vecteurs propres de matrices de graphe symétriques, comme la matrice Laplacienne de graphes non orientés. En utilisant le fait que le spectre est associé à une équation de type différentiel Schrödinger, nous développons des techniques évolutives à l’aide de la diffusion sur le graphe. Ensuite, nous considérons l’échantillonnage des fonctions de réseau (comme somme et moyenne) en utilisant les marches aléatoires sur le graphe. Afin d'éviter le temps «burn-in» de marche aléatoire, avec l'idée de régénération à un nœud fixe, nous développons un estimateur de la fonction de somme qui est non asymptotiquement non-biaisé et dérivons une approximation à la postérieure Bayésienne. La dernière partie de la thèse étudie l'application de la théorie des valeurs extrêmes pour faire une inférence sur les événements extrêmes à partir des échantillons stationnaires des différentes marches aléatoires pour l’échantillonnage de réseau
The recent emergence of large networks, mainly due to the rise of online social networks, brought out the difficulty to gather a complete picture of a network and it prompted the development of new distributed techniques. In this thesis, we design and analyze algorithms based on random walks and diffusion for sampling, estimation and inference of the network functions, and for approximating the spectrum of graph matrices. The thesis starts with the classical problem of finding the dominant eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of symmetric graph matrices like Laplacian of undirected graphs. Using the fact that the eigenspectrum is associated with a Schrödinger-type differential equation, we develop scalable techniques with diffusion over the graph and with gossiping algorithms. They are also adaptable to a simple algorithm based on quantum computing. Next, we consider sampling and estimation of network functions (sum and average) using random walks on graph. In order to avoid the burn-in time of random walks, with the idea of regeneration at its revisits to a fixed node, we develop an estimator for the aggregate function which is non-asymptotically unbiased and derive an approximation to its Bayesian posterior. An estimator based on reinforcement learning is also developed making use of regeneration. The final part of the thesis deals with the use of extreme value theory to make inference from the stationary samples of the random walks. Extremal events such as first hitting time of a large degree node, order statistics and mean cluster size are well captured in the parameter “extremal index”. We theoretically study and estimate extremal index of different random walk sampling techniques

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30

Weber, Matthew B. "Wave Scattering From Infinite Cylindrical Obstacles of Arbitrary Cross-Section". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd636.pdf.

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Fazlji, Denisa. "Överläkare i ortopedi och kirurgi : Likvärdiga arbeten med lika löner?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-601.

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This investigation is a pilot survey whose main purpose is to investigate with work evaluation and attitude analysis whether the orthopedists and surgeons work can be equaled, why the wages differences exists between women and men, and also which preventive measures the organization can use to even out the wages differences between the genders. In relation with the investigation I have applied the reflexive way of thinking to establish which difficulties come up in the work of gender-equality.

The result’s from work evaluation displays that the works are equivalent but the salaries are not, which can depend on value discrimination,gender discrimination and the organization theory.

Wages differences between women and men depend on, according to the informers, partly by historical explanation and partly by the old directors who was allowed to retain regular salary when they

post transformed. The common point of view is that men have a larger work experience and therefore a higher salary.

The managements attitude towards gender-equality issues is of absolute importance in order to achieve and bring a change within the organization.

The measure positive special treatment is proposed to be used as an improving method to achieve (gender)equality between the posts and to even out the wages difference between the sexes.

To establish whether or not gender discrimination exist in the investigated organization there needs to be done a whole lot supplementary studies like a complete wage (salary) mapping which includes all supplements and more interviews among the organizations all occupation groups.

Utredningen är en pilotstudie vars huvudsyfte är att via arbetsvärderingsanalysen och attitydundersökningen undersöka om ortopeders och kirurgers arbete kan jämställas, varför löneskillnader mellan kvinnor och män finns, samt vilka åtgärder organisationen kan använda för att jämna ut lönerna mellan könen. I samband med undersökningen har jag också valt att tillämpa det reflexiva tankesättet för att undersöka vilka som svårigheter uppstår i samband med jämställdhetsarbetet.

Resultatet från arbetsvärderingen visar att det handlar om likvärdiga arbeten men inte lika löner, vilket kan ha sin förklaring i värdediskriminerings-, genus- och organisationsteorin. Löneskillnaderna mellan kvinnor och män beror, enligt informanterna, dels på historiska förklaringar och dels på de gamla cheferna som har fått behålla sin ordinarie lön i samband med omplacering. Den allmänna synen är att män har längre arbetslivserfarenhet och därför högre lön.

Ledningens inställning till jämställdhetsfrågor har vidare vistas vara helt avgörande för att förändringsarbetet inom organisationen skall kunna genomföras.

Åtgärden positiv särbehandling har föreslagits som en metod för att uppnå jämställdhet mellan befattningarna och för att jämna ut löneskillnaderna mellan könen. För att undersöka om könsdiskriminering föreligger inom den undersökta organisationen behövs en del kompletterande studier såsom en komplett lönekartläggning som inkluderar alla tillägg och fler intervjuer bland organisationens samtliga yrkesgrupper.

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32

Sanja, Ružičić. "Dopustiva singularna rešenja sistema gasne dinamike sa nepozitivnim pritiskom". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114114&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Karakteristika hiperboličnih sistema zakona odrržanja je da čak i u slučaju glatkog po-četnog uslova rešenja uglavnom razvijaju prekide u konačnom vremena. Zbog toga se posmatraju slaba rešenja koja dati sistem zadovoljavaju u distributivnom smislu i mogu biti čak i neograničena što se ispoljava kroz pojavu Dirakove delta funkcije u rešenju. U ovoj disertaciji se akcenat stavlja na analizu protoka stišljivog neviskoznog fluida koji ne menja pravac prilikom kretanja. Protok je opisan Ojlerovim sistemom iz gasne dinamike koji se sastoji iz zakona održanja mase, količine kretanja i energije, dok su karakteristike fluida određene konstitutivnim relacijama. U slučaju izentropskog ili izotermnog protoka sistem se svodi na zakone održanja mase i količine kretanja. Glatka rešenja takvog sistema automatski zadovoljavaju zakon održanja energije, dok prelaskom na slabu formulaciju dolazi do gubitka energije. Za predstavnike sistema gasne dinamike sa nepozitivnim pritiskom su uzeti sistem gasne dinamike bez pritiska i model za Čapliginov gas i njegova uopštenja. Data su rešenja Rimanovih problema za te sisteme koja se mogu predstaviti kao kombinacija klasičnih elementarnih talasa i senka talasa koji aproksimiraju rešenja u obliku delta udarnih talasa i koji omogućavaju rešavanje početnog problema koji u početnom uslovu sadrži delta funkciju. Na primeru modela za uopšten Čapliginov gas dokazano je da uslov prekompresivnosti nije jači od entropijskog uslova, što je prvi takav rezultat u literaturi. Dalje su korišćena rešenja Rimanovih problema, kao i problema singularne interakcije i dat je algoritam za konstrukciju globalnog dopustivog približnog rešenja početnog problema za sistem gasne dinamike bez pritiska. Algoritam je univerzalan i ideja se može proširiti na veliki broj sistema zakona održanja i veliki broj početnih uslova. Diskutovane su promene energije u približnom rešenju i posle interakcija. Dobijeno približno rešenje slabo konvergira u prostoru Radonovih mera sa predznakom.
A solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws systems starting out as smooth often develop singularities in a finite time. As a consequence, we are forced to look for weak solutions that satisfy the system in distributional sense. Those solutions are often unbounded, which is expressed through the appearance of Dirac delta function. In this theses we study a one-dimensional, compressible and inviscid flow of a fluid. The process is described by compressible Euler gas dynamics system which consists of conservation laws of mass, linear momentum and energy, while the characteristics of the fluid are described using constitutive relations. In the case of isentropic or isothermal flow the system reduces to conservation laws of mass and linear momentum. The energy is conserved for smooth solutions to such systems, but while passing to the weak formulation the energy is being dissipated. As representatives, we consider pressureless gas dynamics system, as well as Chaplygin gas model and its generalizations. We give the solutions to Riemann problems which can be represented as a combinations of classical elementary waves and shadow waves that approximate the solutions in the form of delta shock and allow as to solve the problems with initial data containing delta function. We use generalized Chaplygin gas model as demonstration of the fact that overcompressibility condition is not stronger that entropy condition, which is the first result of that kind in the literature. Further, we use solutions to the Riemann problems, as well as singular interaction problems to give the algorithm for construction of global admissible approximate solution to the pressureless gas dynamics initial value problem. The algorithm is universal and idea can be applied to large number of conservation laws systems and large number of initial data. We discuss energy changes in approximate solution and after the interactions. The constructed approximate solution converges in the space of signed Radon measures.

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33

Li, Boning. "Extending the scaled boundary finite-element method to wave diffraction problems". University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0173.

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[Truncated abstract] The study reported in this thesis extends the scaled boundary finite-element method to firstorder and second-order wave diffraction problems. The scaled boundary finite-element method is a newly developed semi-analytical technique to solve systems of partial differential equations. It works by employing a special local coordinate system, called scaled boundary coordinate system, to define the computational field, and then weakening the partial differential equation in the circumferential direction with the standard finite elements whilst keeping the equation strong in the radial direction, finally analytically solving the resulting system of equations, termed the scaled boundary finite-element equation. This unique feature of the scaled boundary finite-element method enables it to combine many of advantages of the finite-element method and the boundaryelement method with the features of its own. ... In this thesis, both first-order and second-order solutions of wave diffraction problems are presented in the context of scaled boundary finite-element analysis. In the first-order wave diffraction analysis, the boundary-value problems governed by the Laplace equation or by the Helmholtz equation are considered. The solution methods for bounded domains and unbounded domains are described in detail. The solution process is implemented and validated by practical numerical examples. The numerical examples examined include well benchmarked problems such as wave reflection and transmission by a single horizontal structure and by two structures with a small gap, wave radiation induced by oscillating bodies in heave, sway and roll motions, wave diffraction by vertical structures with circular, elliptical, rectangular cross sections and harbour oscillation problems. The numerical results are compared with the available analytical solutions, numerical solutions with other conventional numerical methods and experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the scaled boundary finite-element method. The computed results show that the scaled boundary finite-element method is able to accurately model the singularity of velocity field near sharp corners and to satisfy the radiation condition with ease. It is worth nothing that the scaled boundary finite-element method is completely free of irregular frequency problem that the Green's function methods often suffer from. For the second-order wave diffraction problem, this thesis develops solution schemes for both monochromatic wave and bichromatic wave cases, based on the analytical expression of first-order solution in the radial direction. It is found that the scaled boundary finiteelement method can produce accurate results of second-order wave loads, due to its high accuracy in calculating the first-order velocity field.

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34

Eliasson, Kent. "College choice and earnings among university graduates in Sweden". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Economics, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-859.

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35

Grenier, Muriel. "Attraction d'ondes pour des systèmes à résonance d'ondes contra-propagatives". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696097.

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L'attraction d'ondes dans des systèmes contra-propagatifs est un phénomène général, établi initialement en Physique dans le contexte de l'attraction de polarisation entre deux ondes contra-propagatives se propageant dans des fibres optiques. Ce phénomène a été observé expérimentalement, et ses propriétés étudiées via des simulations numériques. Les modèles qui s'y rattachent sont des systèmes hyperboliques d'équations aux dérivées partielles, avec des conditions aux bords dépendant du temps sur un intervalle fini. Le mécanisme sous-jacent peut être expliqué par l'existence de tores singuliers dans les équations stationnaires correspondantes. Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser en détail l'exemple le plus simple dans cette famille de modèles. Nous montrons que la plupart des phénomènes de processus d'attraction d'ondes sont en fait existants dans un modèle linéaire avec intéraction résonnante. Nous établissons l'existence et la régularité des solutions et analysons la relaxation vers la solution stationnaire qui caractérise les propriétés de l'attraction d'ondes.

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36

Ghorbel, Nabil. "Etude sismique et magneto-tellurique du socle et de la couverture sedimentaire dans la partie sud de l'anomalie magnetique du bassin de paris , le val de loire et le nivernais". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066395.

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Cette etude permet de distinguer deux types de socle. A l'est de la loire, un type granitique, un profil transversal entre villequiers et beffes montre qu'au passage de l'anomalie le socle forme un horst dont le toit est situe a 1000 m de profondeur environ. A l'ouest de la loire, un socle probablement metamorphique

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37

Monfors, Lisa y Corinne Morell. "Byggnadsutformning för ett framtida varmare klimat : Klimatscenariers påverkan på energianvändning och termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus och alternativa byggnadsutformningar för att förbättra resultatet". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79953.

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När byggnader projekteras används klimatfiler från 1981-2010 för att dimensionera konstruktionen och energisystemet. Detta leder till att byggnader dimensioneras för ett klimat som varit och inte ett framtida klimat. SMHI har tagit fram olika klimatscenarier för framtiden som beskriver möjliga utvecklingar klimatet kan ta beroende på fortsatt utsläpp av växthusgaser. Dessa scenarier kallas för RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways). I denna studie används två olika klimatscenarier, RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Siffran i namnet står för den strålningsdriving som förväntas uppnås år 2100. I RCP4,5 kommer medelårstemperaturen öka med 3 °C fram till år 2100 jämfört med referensperioden 1961-1990. För samma tidsperiod sker en ökning på 5 °C enligt RCP8,5. Ett flerbostadshus certifierad enligt Miljöbyggnad 2.2 nivå silver placerat i Vallentuna i Stockholms län används i denna studie som referensbyggnad. Byggnaden simuleras i programmet IDA ICE där den utsätts för RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Resultatet visar att byggnaden inte skulle klara av kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 gällande termiskt klimat sommar i något av de två klimatscenarierna. De operativa temperaturerna blir för höga i byggnaden utan att tillsätta komfortkyla. Byggnaden ändras för att se vilka faktorer som kan förbättra resultatet gällande det termiska klimatet. Resultatet visar att värmelagringsförmåga hos byggmaterial och solavskärmning har störst påverkan på det termiska klimatet. I studien gjordes flertal olika kombinationer av byggnadsutformningar. Enbart kombinationen av en tung stomme av betong tillsammans med fönster med lägre g-värde klarar kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 i RCP4,5 och RCP8,5 utan komfortkyla. Kombinationen får lägst energianvändning i RCP8,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien. En kombination av tung stomme av KL-trä med lågt U-värde, fönster med lägre g-värde och komfortkyla får lägst energianvändning i grundklimatet och RCP4,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien trots användningen av komfortkyla. Frågan om vilket alternativ som är bäst ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv är svårt att svara på. Det finns många aspekter som behöver tas i hänsyn till som byggnadens totala klimatavtryck både i tillverkning och användning. Oavsett val av konstruktion är det viktigt att projektera för att komfortkyla och solavskärmning skall kunna appliceras när ett varmare klimat råder.
When buildings are designed climate files from 1981 to 2010 are used to construct the building and its energy system. This leads to building being designed to a climate that has been and not to a future warmer climate that will come. SMHI has developed different climate scenarios for the future that describe different paths the climate can take depending on continued emissions of greenhouse gas. This climate scenarios are called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) In this study two of the climate scenarios, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 are used. The number in the name stands for the radiation forcing that is expected in the year 2100. In RCP4,5 the mean average air temperature will increase with 3 °C until year 2100 compared to the reference period 1961-1990. In the same time period RCP8,5 will increase with 5 °C. An apartment building certified according to Miljöbyggnad 2.2 level silver placed in Vallentuna, Stockholms län is used as a reference building. The building is simulated through the simulation software program IDA ICE where it´s exposed to RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The results demonstrate that the reference building would not meet Miljöbyggnad 2.2 requirement in the indicator about thermal comfort during summer. The operative temperature in the building is too high unless comfort cooling is used. The design of the building changes to see what factors can improve the results regarding the thermal comfort. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity and solar shading has the greatest impact on thermal comfort. In this study several combinations of different building designs were made. Only the combination of a concrete frame with windows with low g-value met the requirement of Miljöbyggnad 2.2 regarding the thermal comfort during summer without using comfort cooling in RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The combination had the lowest energy demand in RCP8,5 of all the combinations tested in the study. A combination of cross laminated wood frame with low U-value, windows with low g-value and comfort cooling had the lowest energy demand in the original climate file and RCP4,5 despite the use of comfort cooling. The questing about which building construction is the best from a sustainable perspective is difficult to answer. To answer that question the building´s total climate footprint in both production and use must be calculated. Regardless of the choice of building construction it is important to have in mind when designing a building that comfort cooling and solar shading should be easily applied when a warmer climate will prevail.

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38

Marcou, Alice. "Interactions d’ondes et de bord". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14267/document.

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Tout d'abord, des ondes de surface, solutions de problèmes aux limites hyperboliques non linéaires, sont étudiées : on construit une solution BKW sous forme de développement infini en puissance de epsilon. On le justifie rigoureusement, en construisant une solution exacte, qui admet ce développement asymptotique. On montre que la solution n'est pas nécessairement purement localisée sur la frontière, même lorsque le terme source l'est ; l'exemple d'un cas particulier de l'élasticité est traité. Ensuite, on étudie la réflexion d'ondes non linéaires discontinues, pour des problèmes aux limites hyperboliques, faiblement bien posés, ni fortement stables, ni fortement instables. On étudie comment les singularités d'une solution striée sont réfléchies lorsque la solution atteint la frontière. On prouve des estimations striées et en normes infinies. On montre qu'une discontinuité du gradient de la solution à travers un hyperplan peut être réfléchie en une discontinuité de la solution elle-même
We first study surface waves, solutions of hyperbolic nonlinear boundary value problems. We construct BKW solutions in the weakly nonlinear regime with infinite expansion in powers of ε. We rigorously justify this expansion,constructing exact solutions, which admit the asymptotic expansions. We also show that the solution is not necessarily localized at the order O(ε∞) in the interior, even if the data are ; a particular case of elasticity is studied: we prove that fast oscillatory elastic surface waves can produce non trivial internal non oscillatory displacements.Afterwards, we study the reflection of non linear discontinuous waves, for weakly well-posed hyperbolic boundary value problems, satisfying the (WR) condition, which has been introduced in [1, 12], that is in a case where the IBVP is neither strongly stable, nor strongly unstable. We study how the singularities of a striated solution are reflected when the solution hits the boundary. We prove striated estimates and L∞ estimates and observe the loss of one derivative: we show that a discontinuityof the gradient of the solution across an hyperplane can be reflected in a discontinuity across an hyperplane of the solution itself

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39

Mengual, Baptiste. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des flux sédimentaires dans le Golfe de Gascogne : contributions relatives des forçages climatiques et des activités de chalutage". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0109/document.

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L'étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des flux sédimentaires sous l'influence des forçages naturels et des activités de chalutage a été entreprise à l'échelle du plateau continental du Golfe de Gascogne, en associant des données in situ et une modélisation numérique 3D déterministe. Deux campagnes en mer spécifiques ont été menées pour quantifier les impacts physiques induits par un chalut professionnel au niveau de la Grande-Vasière, en termes de remise en suspension (panache turbide), et de perturbation de la structure et de la nature du sédiment superficiel. Ces données ont permis d'estimer à 0.13 kg.m-2 le taux d'érosion moyen. Leur croisement avec des données d'effort de pêche a conduit à une cartographie mensuelle du flux d'érosion par chalutage. D'autre part, un modèle hydro-sédimentaire 3D réaliste a été mis en place et calibré à partir de mesures au point fixe. Une attention particulière a été accordée au paramétrage de l'érosion naturelle sous l'influence combinée des vagues et des courants. Une nouvelle formulation de la loi d'érosion adaptée aux mélanges de sable fin et de vase classiquement rencontrés sur les plateaux continentaux a été proposée et a permis d'optimiser significativement la réponse du modèle en termes de turbidité. Deux simulations de 5 ans ont été réalisées en incluant ou non l'influence du chalutage de fond, dans le but de quantifier et comparer les contributions relatives des forçages naturels et anthropique sur les flux verticaux (érosion) et horizontaux (transport solide) de sédiments. La variabilité temporelle des flux est décrite en une succession de régimes caractéristiques répondant à divers forçages (e.g. marée, vent, vagues, chalutage), et les flux résiduels saisonniers et annuels sont commentés : sans tenir compte des apports fluviaux, le flux de matériel vaseux a été estimé à 1.6 Mt/an sortant par le nord (au droit de La Pointe du Raz) et à 0.62 Mt/an vers le talus continental (au niveau de l'isobathe 180 m)
The spatio-temporal variability of sediment fluxes under the influence of natural forcings and trawling activities was assessed at the scale of the Bay of Biscay shelf, from in situ data and a 3D process-based numerical modelling. Two sea trials were carried out to quantify physical impacts induced by a professional trawling gear over an intensively trawled area of the shelf, the "Grande-Vasière", in terms of resuspension (turbid plume) and alteration of the surficial sediment nature and structure. These data enabled to estimate an average trawling-induced erosion rate of 0.13 kg.m-2. Their combination with fishing effort data led to monthly spatial distributions of trawling-induced erosion fluxes.Besides, a 3D realistic hydro-sedimentary model has been set up and calibrated from measurements acquired at a mooring station. The calibration task mainly consisted in assessing the natural erosion law setting under the influence of waves and currents. A new formulation of the erosion law has been proposed to describe the erosion of any mixture of mud and fine sand (sediment facies classically encountered on continental shelves) and led to a noteworthy improvement of the model response in terms of turbidity. Two 5-year simulations were performed accounting for natural forcings only or both natural and anthropogenic forcings in order to quantify and compare their respective contributions to sediment fluxes (vertical and horizontal sediment dynamics). The temporal variability of sediment fluxes is described in a succession of typical regimes occurring in response to various conditions of forcings (e.g. tide, wind, wave, trawling), and residual fluxes are assessed at seasonal and annual scales: without accounting for riverine sediment inputs, the mud flux is estimated to 1.6 Mt/yr outflowing northward (at the latitude of the Pointe du Raz) and to 0.62 Mt/yr toward the continental slope (through the 180 m isobath)

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40

Scarfe, Bradley Edward. "Oceanographic Considerations for the Management and Protection of Surfing Breaks". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2668.

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Although the physical characteristics of surfing breaks are well described in the literature, there is little specific research on surfing and coastal management. Such research is required because coastal engineering has had significant impacts to surfing breaks, both positive and negative. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment methods, a central tenet of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), are recommended by this thesis to maximise surfing amenities. The research reported here identifies key oceanographic considerations required for ICZM around surfing breaks including: surfing wave parameters; surfing break components; relationship between surfer skill, surfing manoeuvre type and wave parameters; wind effects on waves; currents; geomorphic surfing break categorisation; beach-state and morphology; and offshore wave transformations. Key coastal activities that can have impacts to surfing breaks are identified. Environmental data types to consider during coastal studies around surfing breaks are presented and geographic information systems (GIS) are used to manage and interpret such information. To monitor surfing breaks, a shallow water multibeam echo sounding system was utilised and a RTK GPS water level correction and hydrographic GIS methodology developed. Including surfing in coastal management requires coastal engineering solutions that incorporate surfing. As an example, the efficacy of the artificial surfing reef (ASR) at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, was evaluated. GIS, multibeam echo soundings, oceanographic measurements, photography, and wave modelling were all applied to monitor sea floor morphology around the reef. Results showed that the beach-state has more cellular circulation since the reef was installed, and a groin effect on the offshore bar was caused by the structure within the monitoring period, trapping sediment updrift and eroding sediment downdrift. No identifiable shoreline salient was observed. Landward of the reef, a scour hole ~3 times the surface area of the reef has formed. The current literature on ASRs has primarily focused on reef shape and its role in creating surfing waves. However, this study suggests that impacts to the offshore bar, beach-state, scour hole and surf zone hydrodynamics should all be included in future surfing reef designs. More real world reef studies, including ongoing monitoring of existing surfing reefs are required to validate theoretical concepts in the published literature.

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41

"Transonic shock waves in unbounded domain". Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074105.

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In chapter 1, we focus on the full potential equation in an infinite nozzle with some decay cross-sections and prove the existence and stability of the transonic shock wave; which is a solution to a free boundary value problem for a quasi-linear mix-typed partial differential equation with the position of shock as a free boundary. To achieve this conclusion, we reduce it to a free boundary value problem for a quasi-linear elliptic equation in an unbounded domain. The crucial step in our analysis is to derive some uniform a priori estimates in such a domain. Then we apply the fixed point theorem to establish the existence of solutions to the full potential equation.
In chapter 2, we study the short time existence of discontinuous shock front solutions of the pressure gradient system which is the Euler system without inertial terms, where the initial data can have shock discontinuities of arbitrary strength which lie on a given smooth initial surface with arbitrary geometry. These shock solutions are constructed via a classical iteration scheme. The key step is to obtain the uniform stability for the related linearized equation by calculating the Lopatinski's determinant, which enables us to modify the technique of Majda and establish the local existence of solutions to the pressure gradient system without the structural constraints as for the full Euler system.
In this thesis we study two kinds of multi-dimensional shock phenomena for the compressible fluid dynamics.
Xie Feng.
"December 2005."
Adviser: Zhou Ping Xin.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6446.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-80).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

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42

Kalmans, Rebecca. "The political economy of exploitation a comparative study of the rate of surplus value in Japan and the United States, 1958-1980 /". 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32057018.html.

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Sibiya, Moekanyi Jeffrey. "Adverse effects of aortic backward waves in a group of African Ancestry". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24732.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, South Africa September 2017.
Although brachial blood pressure (BP) is a well-recognized risk factor for predicting cardiovascular events, aspects of aortic BP may enhance risk prediction. Pulse pressure (PP) is amplified from the aorta to peripheral arteries and variations in differences between brachial and aortic PP (PP amplification) are determined by factors that influence either the aortic forward (Pf) or backward (Pb)(reflected) pressure waves. Although aortic Pb may be more important than Pf in mediating cardiovascular risk, the best approach to assessing backward wave function (augmentation pressures [Pa] and index [AIx] or wave separation analysis); the relative impact of aortic Pb versus Pf on cardiovascular damage; and whether the ability of aortic-to-brachial PP amplification (PPamp) to add to risk prediction reflects backward or forward wave effects, is uncertain. In the present thesis I therefore first assessed in 808 community participants whether gender influences relations between Pa or AIx and left ventricular mass (LVM), a well-accepted end-organ measure. Aortic haemodynamics were determined using radial applanation tonometry and SphygmoCor software and LVM from echocardiography. In men, both AIx derived from Pa/central aortic PP (Pa/PPc) (p<0.01) and AIx derived from the second peak/first peak (P2/P1) of the aortic pulse wave (p<0.0005) were associated with LVM. In contrast, in women neither AIx derived from Pa/PPc (p=0.08) nor AIx derived from P2/P1 (p=0.17) were associated with LVM. Both the strength of the correlations (p<0.001 and p<0.0005) and the slope of the AIx-LVM relationships (p=0.001 and p<0.0005) were greater in men as compared to women. Therefore, in the present study I show that AIx is independently associated with LVMI in men, but not in women. I subsequently evaluated whether in women, measures of aortic systolic pressure augmentation (Pa or AIx) underestimate the effects of reflected waves on cardiovascular risk or whether Pb plays little role in cardiovascular risk prediction. In the same community sample I therefore evaluated sex-specific contributions of reflected (Pb and the reflection index [RI]) versus augmented (Pa and AIx) pressure wave indices to iii variations in PPc (n=1185, 65.0% women), and LVM (n=793, 64.9% women). Aortic Pb and Pf were determined using wave separation analysis. In both women and in men, independent of confounders, RI and Pb contributed more than Pf, whilst Pa and AIx contributed less than incident wave pressure (Pi) to variations in PPc (p<0.0001 for comparison of partial r values). In both men and in women Pb contributed more than Pf (p<0.05) to variations in LVM. Although in men Pa (partial r=0.33, p<0.0001) contributed to a similar extent as Pi ((partial r=0.34, p<0.0001) to variations in LVMI, in women Pa (partial r=0.05, p=0.36) failed to contribute to LVM, whilst Pi was significantly associated with LVM (partial r=0.30, p<0.0001). Similar results were obtained with AIx as opposed to Pa in the regression models. Therefore, in both women and in men, Pb is more closely associated with PPc and LVM than Pf, but indices of aortic pressure augmentation markedly underestimate these effects, particularly in women. As the relative impact of aortic Pb as compared to Pf on cardiovascular damage independent of brachial BP is uncertain, in 1174 participants from a community sample I subsequently assessed the relative impact of Pb and Pf on variations in LVM (n=786), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)(n=1019), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)(n=578), transmitral early-to-late LV diastolic velocity (E/A)(n=779) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)(n=1174). Independent of mean arterial pressure and confounders, PPc and both Pb and Pf were associated with end-organ measures or damage (p<0.05 to <0.0001). With adjustments for brachial PP and confounders, Pb remained directly associated with LVM (partial r=0.10, p<0.01), PWV (partial r=0.28, p<0.0001), and IMT (partial r=0.28, p<0.0001), and inversely associated with E/A (partial r=-0.31, p<0.0001) and eGFR (partial r=-0.14, p<0.0001). Similar relations were noted with the presence of end-organ damage (p<0.05 to <0.0001). In contrast, with adjustments for brachial PP and confounders, Pf no longer retained direct relations with LVM, PWV, and IMT or inverse relations with E/A and eGFR. Adjustments for Pb, but not Pf diminished brachial PP-independent relationships between PPc and end-organ measures. Thus, although both Pf and Pb contribute to end-organ measures and damage, independent of brachial iv BP, the impact of aortic BP is accounted for largely by Pb. PPamp is independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, the aortic functional change most likely to account for this effect is uncertain. In 706 community participants I subsequently aimed to identify the aortic functional change that accounts for relations between PPamp and LVM. In multivariate models with the inclusion of brachial PP, 1/PPamp (partial r=0.12, p<0.005), Pb (partial r=0,09, p<0.05), and aortic PWV (partial r=0.09, p<0.05) were independently associated with LVMI. Similarly, in multivariate models with the inclusion of brachial PP, 1/PPamp (p<0.005), Pb (p<0.01), and aortic PWV (p<0.01) were independently associated with LV hypertrophy (LVH). With adjustments for Pb, the brachial PP-independent relationships between 1/PPamp and LVMI or LVH were abolished (p>0.08 for both). However, adjustments for PWV failed to modify brachial PP-independent relations between 1/PPamp and LVMI or LVH. Hence, independent relations between PPamp and LVM or LVH are largely accounted for by Pb. In conclusion, in the present thesis I show that the use of augmented pressures underestimates the impact of reflected pressure wave effects on end-organs, particularly in women; that brachial BP-independent relations between aortic BP and end organs is determined largely by Pb and that relations between PPamp and end organ measures is largely accounted for by Pb. These findings add to our understanding of the adverse effects of aortic functional changes on the cardiovascular system and suggest cost-effective approaches to add to risk prediction.
LG2018

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44

Gameiro, Ana Catarina Moreira. "Enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cell walls for the production of value-added products". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/89668.

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Currently at Ohly GmbH, the insoluble yeast cell wall (YCW) fraction is generated as a side-stream product from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract production, which is sold for a low profit margin as an additive and supplement for animal feed. The YCW structure exhibits a great source of health-promoting activity and bioactive properties in humans and animals. Therefore, the main aim of this dissertation was to hydrolyse the autolysed YCW through enzymatic digestion, altering its composition and structure, and thereby obtaining different types of unique hydrolysates, which may be used for possible innovative and valuable applications. As there wasn’t any previous work with YCWs at Ohly GmbH, the first step was to develop an enzymatic conversion method establishing the reaction conditions and a hydrolysate product analysis protocol to standardize the process. Once the protocol was determined, the second step was screening 56 commercial enzyme mixtures, which present different hydrolytic activities (such as phospholipase, β-glucanase, chitinase, mannanase, etc) and also characterize the obtained hydrolysates in visual, analytical and chemical terms, such as viscosity, turbidity, solubilisation and phase separation, reducing and free sugars over reaction time. Afterwards, a characterization of glucan- and mannan-oligosaccharides was performed, in order to establish a hydrolysate product selection according to the respective number-average degree of polymerization (DPn), which was also estimated. The DPn values obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysates were also compared and related by their molecular weight (MW) profile, which was analysed by HPLC-SEC. Thus, with a full and detailed report of each hydrolysate product, ideas of new products development were generated, since different DPn values can lead to different product applications. In addition, to obtain a hydrolysate product with an immune-stimulant activity to animal feed, a process optimization (variation of the enzymatic reaction conditions) for a specific commercial enzyme mixture was performed and studied in detail.

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45

Valenti, Erin Patricia. "On an infinite elastica : well-posedness of the initial value problem and stability of solitary waves /". 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3225922.

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"Waves in a cavity with an oscillating boundary =: 振動空腔中的波動". 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889935.

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by Ho Yum Bun.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-94).
Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.
by Ho Yum Bun.
List of Figures --- p.3
Abstract --- p.9
Chinese Abstract --- p.10
Acknowledgement --- p.11
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.12
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.12
Chapter 1.2 --- What is Sonoluminescence? --- p.13
Chapter 1.3 --- The Main Task of this Project --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.13
Chapter 2 --- Reviews on One-dimensional Dynamical Cavity Problem --- p.15
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Formulation --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Moore's R Function Method --- p.18
Chapter 2.4 --- Mode Expansion Method --- p.19
Chapter 2.5 --- Transformation method --- p.20
Chapter 2-6 --- Summary --- p.21
Chapter 3 --- Numerical Results For One-dimensional Dynamical Cavity Prob- lem --- p.22
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 3.2 --- Evolution of a Cavity System --- p.23
Chapter 3.3 --- Motion of the Moving Mirror --- p.23
Chapter 3.4 --- R(z) Function --- p.24
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Construction of R(z) Function --- p.24
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Numerical R(z) Function --- p.27
Chapter 3.5 --- Results --- p.27
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Results with Moore's R(z) Function Method --- p.27
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Results with the Mode Expansion Method --- p.29
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Results with the Transformation Method --- p.36
Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.36
Chapter 4 --- Spherical Dynamical Cavity Problem --- p.37
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.37
Chapter 4.2 --- Formulation --- p.37
Chapter 4.3 --- Motion of a Moving Spherical Mirror --- p.39
Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.40
Chapter 5 --- The G(z) Function Method --- p.41
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.41
Chapter 5.2 --- G(z) Function --- p.42
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Ideas of Deriving the G(z) Function --- p.42
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Formalism --- p.42
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Initial G(z) Function --- p.45
Chapter 5.3 --- Construction of the G(z) Function --- p.46
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Case I : l=0 --- p.46
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Case II : l > 0 --- p.49
Chapter 5.4 --- Asymptotic Series Solution of G(z) --- p.50
Chapter 5.5 --- Application to Resonant Mirror Motion --- p.52
Chapter 5.6 --- Regularization of G(z) --- p.58
Chapter 5.7 --- Behaviors of the Fields --- p.58
Chapter 5.7.1 --- z vs tf Graph --- p.61
Chapter 5.7.2 --- Case 1: l= 0 --- p.61
Chapter 5.7.3 --- "Case2: l= 1,2" --- p.62
Chapter 5.7.4 --- Case 3: l= 3 --- p.73
Chapter 5.7.5 --- Section Summary --- p.73
Chapter 5.8 --- Summary --- p.73
Chapter 6 --- Three-dimensional Mode Expansion Method and Transforma- tion Method --- p.75
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.75
Chapter 6.2 --- Mode Expansion Method --- p.75
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Formalism --- p.75
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Application of Floquet's Theory --- p.78
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Results --- p.80
Chapter 6.3 --- The Transformation Method --- p.80
Chapter 6.3.1 --- The Method --- p.80
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Numerical Schemes --- p.86
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Results --- p.89
Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.89
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.90
Chapter 7.1 --- The One-dimensional Dynamical Cavity Problem --- p.90
Chapter 7.2 --- The Dynamical Spherical Cavity Problem --- p.91
Chapter 7.3 --- Numerical Methods --- p.91
Chapter 7.4 --- Further Investigation --- p.92
Bibliography --- p.93

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47

Mashishi, Daniel. "Modeling average monthly rainfall for South Africa using extreme value theory". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3399.

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Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020
The main purpose of modelling rare events such as heavy rainfall, heat waves, wind speed, interest rate and many other rare events is to try and mitigate the risk that might arise from these events. Heavy rainfall and floods are still troubling many countries. Almost every incident of heavy rainfall or floods might result in loss of lives, damages to infrastructure and roads, and also financial losses. In this dissertation, the interest was in modelling average monthly rainfall for South Africa using extreme value theory (EVT). EVT is made up mainly of two approaches: the block maxima and peaks-over thresh old (POT). This leads to the generalised extreme value and the generalised Pareto distributions, respectively. The unknown parameters of these distri butions were estimated using the method of maximum likelihood estimators in this dissertation. According to goodness-of-fit test, the distribution in the Weibull domain of attraction, Gumbel domain and generalised Pareto distri butions were appropriate distributions to model the average monthly rainfall for South Africa. When modelling using the POT approach, the point process model suggested that some areas within South Africa might experience high rainfall in the coming years, whereas the GPD model suggested otherwise. The block maxima approach using the GEVD and GEVD for r-largest order statistics also revealed similar findings to that of the GPD. The study recommend that for future research on average monthly rainfall for South Africa the findings might be improved if we can invite the Bayesian approach and multivariate extremes. Furthermore, on the POT approach, time-varying covariates and thresholds are also recommended.
National Research Foundation (NRF) and South African Weather Service (SAWS)

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48

Haripersad, Yajiv. "Labour market flexibility, wages and livelihoods in the clothing value chain : a study of clothing manufacturing and clothing retail workers in Durban's surrounding areas". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9144.

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One of the most significant changes within capitalist nations during the late twentieth century is the transition of the capitalist mode of production from Fordism to Post-Fordism. Changes in macro-economic market conditions, production processes and labour processes are part of the transition. These changes are felt not only at the level of the aggregate economy, economic sectors, firms and labour markets. They have an impact on the employment relationship and the way workers make their livelihoods. This dissertation provides empirical evidence of labour market flexibility in the clothing manufacturing and the clothing retail sectors and demonstrates that the number of hours worked and wages earned have implications for the livelihoods of workers. The research was undertaken in a clothing manufacturer and clothing retailer situated outside of Durban. The clothing manufacturer is located within an industrial area in Tongaat and the clothing retailer is located within a regional shopping centre in Westville.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

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49

Sikhwari, Thendo. "Variability and long-term trends of climate extremes over the Limpopo, South Africa". Diss., 2019.

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MENVSC
Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences
Climate change has a crucial impact on livelihoods, economy, and water resources due to the occurrence of weather and climate extreme events such as floods, droughts and heat waves. Extreme weather has been increasing worldwide, hence the need to understand their nature and trends. The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial variability and long-term trends of climate extremes over the Limpopo in South Africa from 1960 to 2014. Rainfall, temperature, and circulation fields were analysed to understand the extent, nature of climate extremes over the Limpopo. Extreme value theory (EVT) is a powerful method that was also employed in this study to provide statistical models for events rarely observed. R statistical software was used for clustering analysis which has a variety of functions for cluster analysis. Any station whose value is larger than 95th for any day of the season was considered as a widespread extreme event. The results show that the study area is highly vulnerable to extreme events due to its latitudinal location and low altitude. Anomalous cut-off lows, tropical cyclones and tropical storms are the major extreme producing systems affecting the Limpopo province whilst the Botswana High becomes dominant during heat waves and drought. Extreme weather events are common in Limpopo during summertime and often coincide with mature phases of the El Nino Southern Oscillation. In this study, after the suitable model for data was chosen, the interest was in deriving return levels of extreme maximum rainfall. The computed data for return levels predicted that the 5-year return period’s return level is approximately 223.89 mm, which suggests that rainfall of 223.89 mm or more per month should occur at that station or location on the average of once every five years.
NRF
http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1485

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50

Strom, Arlene J. "The implementation of Ontario pay equity legislation". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5544.

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This thesis is a case study of the implementation of Ontario's 1987 pay equity legislation. Ontario's pay equity legislation was very progressive and was aimed at eliminating the portion of the wage gap between men and women caused by discrimination. The legislation mandated both public and private sector employers with more than 10 employees to create pay equity plans to eliminate the discriminatory portion of the wage gap. The legislation has met with some success. However, measuring the progress of eliminating wage discrimination is difficult because the Ontario government was unwilling to impose a coercive implementation regime. Consequently, the government has little information to measure either employer compliance or the results of employer pay equity plans. Employers have few incentives to comply with the legislation and the implementing agency has insufficient financial resources to monitor compliance. Clearly this implementation regime was a delicate political balancing of the interests of business and labour and women.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Vale of (Wales)"

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