Tesis sobre el tema "Urbanisme – URSS – 20e siècle"
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Gaessler, Stéphane. "Les grandes transformations de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme en URSS 1953 -1965. Renouvellement de la théorie et de la pratique dans l'architecture et l'urbanisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL050.pdf.
Texto completoThe in-depth study of architectural life in the USSR after the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 has so far only been the subject of fragmentary studies. This work attempts to fill this historiographical gap by approaching architecture, urban planning, and territorial development as inseparable domains, intersecting with the history of ideas and techniques. Our research in Russian, French, and American archives has enabled us to reconstruct a map of technical delegations and professional missions sent by the USSR to various countries in the Western and Southern worlds from 1955 onwards. Through this fairly systematic compilation, we aim to reveal which countries, which models, which objects, and techniques have had the most influence to and from the USSR, and to reconstruct the national and international roots of the late Soviet landscape. We will revisit the activities of the Soviets within various international organizations and associations, and the USSR's policy in favor of socialist standardization within the Communist Bloc and beyond in the Southern countries. Through the processing of unpublished archival funds located in Moscow, notably within the State Archives of the Economy of Russia (RGAE), the State Archives of Literature and Art (RGALI), the A.V. Shchusev National Museum of Architecture, and the Museum of the Moscow Architectural Institute (MArchI), as well as numerous professional Soviet periodicals and those of other countries, we have valuable sources to attempt to better understand the mechanisms of architectural creation and the technical and social evolution of the profession, between the end of the Second World War and the late 1960s. The aim is to study these developments through often unpublished objects, models, and drawings, buildings, urban ensembles, and landscapes, which, beyond their economic and social, political, and symbolic meanings, also touch on issues of aesthetics and art history
Nérard, François-Xavier. "Protestation et dénonciations dans l'URSS stalinienne, 1928-1941 : étude d'une pratique sociale et politique". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010503.
Texto completoBellat, Fabien. "France-URSS : regards sur l'architecture (1931-1958)". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100034.
Texto completoThe soviet architecture had aroused the interest of French architects, even during the Stalinist era. Despite the discredit of constructivism in 1931 and the appearance of neo-academism, in a polemic context, the French architects never ceased to look on buildings of SSSR – meanwhile the soviet propaganda try to continue the bonds with the French like Auguste Perret, André Lurçat… Tree parts structured that thesis. A first part study the 1930’s, with the testimony of writers as Gide, Duhamel. The competition of the Palace of Soviets had a large echo in France, not only with Le Corbusier. The travels of French architects in SSSR are based on unpublished materials of the RGALI of Moscow. The travels of soviet architects in France are also evocated, like the one organised by Emile Maigrot in 1935. The second part, the 1940’s study the echo of the soviet Reconstruction in the French architectural press, the contacts between France and SSSR, around Perret, his pupils, Jacques Carlu… So the cold war haven’t stop the touchs connecting the two worlds. The third part, the 1950’s, treats on the blame of neo-academism, particularly criticized by the French architects during Moscow Congress of 1958. In fact, the soviet architecture has always been seen by the French architects, that looked on it with fascination and confusion
Essaïan, Elisabeth. "Le plan général de reconstruction de Moscou de 1935 : la ville, l'architecte et le politique : héritages culturels et pragmatisme économique". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083318.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the General Reconstruction Plan for Moscow of 1935. This plan is analysed in terms of Russian cultural traditions from before the Soviet period which survived due to the continuity of personnel. The genesis of the plan is studied in terms of the interaction between architects and political leaders. Particular attention is paid to economic factors, despite the symbolic dimension of the operation. Finally, the thesis demonstrates the gap between the proposed plan and its ultimate realisation and analyses the means by which the plan was adapted to the existing city
Montlibert, Catherine de. "FACTEURS endogènes DE TRANSFORMATION DE LA société STALINIENNE : LE CAS PARTICULIER DE L'héroïsme (1929-1953)". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20027.
Texto completoThe different ranks related to heroism in ussr generated an administrative system which gradually became institutionalized as the post revolutionary state expanded. Henceforth, heroes of soviet union are symbolic representatives of the soviet state according to the analysis make with the m mauss and h hubert's works, they are heroes of the state. They could not exist without the state. They forme the military elite either as field officiers or as general of moreover, they have the opportunity to make a career in government service or in politics. Heroes play an important social role within the soviet society. They take part in the process of politic legitimacy. Thet set an example for the education of the ideal homo sovieticus. The heroes'social position evidences the equality of opportunity extolled by communism. Through, social promotion, working class people are able to get high positions. "podvig", the russian equivalent for act of heroism, is the basis of social differentiation and promotion. A growing state is likely to need charismatic figures. That is why soviet heroes come into conflict with orthodox martyrs. Martyrs and saints are both "founders"
Madhoun, Mimoun. "Le développement des relations sino-japonaises depuis la rupture sino-soviétique jusqu'à la signature du traité de paix sino-japonais (1960-1978)". Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0003.
Texto completoMarangé, Céline. "Trajectoire historique du communisme vietnamien : transfert et appropriation des modèles soviétique et chinois (1919-1991)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0023.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the socio-historical formation of a socialist single-party state in a formerly colonized country: Vietnam. In order to grasp the specificity of Vietnamese communism, we study the agents of the communist ideology diffusion, the impact of anti-colonialism and war, the various forms of influence exercised by the Soviet and the Chinese communists between 1919 and 1991, as well as the processes of appropriation and resistance caused by this new form of domination. Our inquiry relies on various Russian, Chinese, American and French archival documents, and on a large array of printed sources in Vietnamese. It shows that, no matter the state of their relations with Moscow and Beijing, the Vietnamese communists continuously drew their inspiration from the Soviet and Chinese models. Though the observed transfers were born out of constraint at two founding moments, they resulted mostly from a permanent inclination to mimic. The Vietnamese party-state differs little from the Soviet and the Chinese models in its organization and its modes of governance. Its resemblance is mainly due to the Vietnamese communists’ fidelity to the Leninist model, as well as to the doctrinal rigidity and practical nature of the communist ideology. However, there is one domain in which the Vietnamese communists asserted specificity: the nation-building process. If their policies of ethnic homogenization and territorial administration are reminiscent of the Soviet and Chinese practices, their willingness to create a supra-national state and to recast the historical discourse also signals the persistence of some domination schemes and forms of racism, inherited from the colonial period
Dorlin, Sabrina. "Histoire culturelle des Allemands au Kazakhstan de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours : des efforts d'enracinement aux perspectives de retour". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/dorlin_s.
Texto completoOur study consists of an analysis of the German community in Kazakhstan and the elements which make it considered an ethnic group. It aims to answer the following question : can we speak about a German community in Kazakhstan ?ʺ Indeed, even if the Germans in Kazakhstan have not found any autonomous political structure since 1941, they have however maintained their cultural identity. We chose several angles of reflection : initially the research of the origins of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan and their history since the 1940s; then the analysis of the place granted to the German language and its evolution; finally, the study of the German cultural revival. By presenting fields such as media, literature, theatre, arts, religious confessions and traditions supported by robust statistics, examples and testimonies, this work offers an empirical and theoretical study of social and cultural phenomena
Bulle, Sylvaine. "Apercevoir la ville : pour une histoire urbaine palestinienne, entre monde et patrie, sentiment et influences (1920-2002)". Paris, EHESS, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766400.
Texto completoThis research belong to the field of urban history. It concern an analysis of the production of urban space in Palestine revendicated as a patriotic and nationalist object, influenced by the western and colonial presence. The research focuses on the dynamics of power, space and knowledge, regarding through the analysis of professionnal and urban cultures, crossing the production of spaces. The first art concern the period of the British Mandate (1920-1948) with the transfert of urban knowledge and models; the second part concern the militarisation of the space in the context of post war and israeli occupation (1948-1994). The third part examines the short period of pacification (1994-2002) and describe the urbanisation of the capital, the urban renewal and news urban cultures at the cross-crossing of nationalism and universal influences
Miloradovich, von Croy Alexandra. "Les dissidents soviétiques en Allemagne". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040119.
Texto completoIn the 70's some dissenters to the communist regime in the Soviet Union were exiled or forced to leave their country. A considerable number of them established themselves in the Federal Republic of Germany. By "dissenters" we mean those people who have already openly proclaimed their opposition while still the Soviet Union and who accepted the consequences emanating from their non-conformism with the communist regime. Thanks to a questionnaire sent to some twenty outstanding dissidents, this study attempts to understand their specific path as dissidents, to find out why they chose to live in Germany and whether they wanted or managed to get integrated in Germany society and how they endure their exile. With the fall of communism, the various changes taking place in their country, they were faced with the possibility of deciding whether to stay in Germany or eventually return back and play, an active role in their country. Even if it is unfortunately true that they have not found real recognition, the role of the dissenters is a historical fact
Fayeton, Philippe. "Ecrire dans la ville : prolégomènes à une pédagogie de l'architecture urbaine". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/fayeton_p.
Texto completoFritsch-Bournazel, Renata. "Le rôle de l'Allemagne dans le monde européen au XXe siècle : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux] : présentation de travaux". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0014.
Texto completoBenech, Philippe. "La nouvelle politique d'aménagement et d'urbanisme à Paris : l'exemple des projets relatifs aux nouvelles ZAC". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040303.
Texto completoThe policy for city renovation engaged by the paris city around the fifties, found its origin in a trend of fast economic growth conditions. This policy has given birth in priority to the modernization of the parisian real estate basis and the construction of many residences. From 1975, a new policy in space organisation and urbanism, based on more diversificated options is appeared. This report's try to analyse the main objectives in space management and particulary concerning :. The problems linked to lodging and lodging again ; the preservation and the development of industrial, artisan and commercial activities ; the integration of buildings in the urban texture ; the aspects of renovation and rehabilitation ; the strongthening of public equipments, cultural and hobby ones ; the creation of green spaces and pedestrian passages. The new policy in space organisation and urbanism in paris find today its frame from these criteria and through the creation of z. A. C. 's. In addition, the aim of this report is to analyse that parisian z. A. C. 's policy by taking the particular exemples of operations planned or realized in the "z. A. C. Des amandiers", in the 20th arrondissement by an organism "s. E. M. E. A. Xv" tool of this important operation. . In a first step, this survey draws the z. A. C. 's policy and the reglementation inside them and states exemples of such operations in paris. .
Paris, Romain. "Aménagement urbain, effets externes et prix du sol". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082085.
Texto completoDANFAKHA, PAPA WALY. "Equipement public et aménagement de la ville de Dakar : 1930-1957". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070053.
Texto completoThe thing is, between 1930 and 1957 to evaluate the quantity of public buildings realized in dakar by the colonial authorities. To this point of view the definition 0f public equipment goes widely beyond the investment notion measured to the amount of issued extra-payments. Here the public equipment is understood as the number of infrastructural (roads, buildings) and economical realizations (i. E harbour) undertaken by the public authorities. These works include altogether the buildings and the important operations of conversion and development. The aim is to measure the public buildings impact on the town but also to the population growth within a colonial setting. On the whole the town growth will have been profitable to minorities : europeans, african elite against the population mass
Wierre, Florence. "Euralille (1988-1995). Les modalités d'une opération d'aménagement contemporaine : organiser, communiquer, archiver". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010673.
Texto completoSabatier, Benjamin. "Urbanisme et architecture à Rennes dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : de Jean Janvier à François Chateau, maires (1908-1944)". Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseSabatier.pdf.
Texto completoFrench cities experience deep changes during the first half of the 20th century, over the urban spreading through residential areas. Taking Rennes specifically into account, this thesis focuses on urban planning, as well as public and private architecture programs achieved in this city. The offices of two mayors and building contractors Jean Janvier (1908-1923) and François Chateau (1935-1944) are used as chronological limits. In order to understand the requirements at stakes, this work focuses on various protagonists (mayors, institutions, architects and building contractors), public contractor services and local authorities of social housing agencies. In parallel, the turn of the century has been marked by new reflections on urbanism. Lots of residential areas are built and play a predominant role in urban planning. At that time, the French urban planning known as the Cornudet law - established on 14 March 1919 - and imposed upon lots of cities, is adopted by the city of Rennes. In order to achieve urban planning, many public buildings (schools, swimming-pools, sport stadiums, day-care centres, public baths) are set up in suburban areas. Through the research on building permits, many kinds of constructions are therefore approached (apartment buildings, houses, stores and manufactures, parking lots) and adopt a regionalist, Art deco or modern style. Finally, this period is also marked by a social housing emergence. Local authority agencies and private businesses will therefore suggest ways to make up for the housing crisis
Le, Roy Christine. "De la génération hippie à la génération yuppie aux Etats-Unis". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040152.
Texto completoThe hippies are the descendants of the beat generation of the fifties. Both groups showed non-conformism. The hippies tried to create a new type of family based on companionate marriage. They liked life in a community, close to nature. They were against war, but refused to take part in public demonstrations in the streets. They were nonviolent, above all. They rejected western materialism. Eastern philosophy was the only antidote for them. Heyday could only be reached with drugs. The songs of the sixties and seventies tried to awake the American consciousness. At the end of the seventies, the movement faded some hippies became artists, others became contestants and others yuppies. They are the present-day trends of the united-states. They are young urban professionals. They are serious and ambitious. They aspire to glory. They dream of power and money. They like sports and eat only healthy food. They have comfortable incomes. In politics, they are at the same time (in social matters) and conservative (for their business). They work harder than their parents to succeed, (the economical conjuncture is not particularly good for them. ) In the seventies, the American had lost the notion of American dream, after several disillusions: Vietnam, Watergate, energy crisis,. . . , but on the contrary, the yuppies think it is possible. If you really want it badly. Despite the diametrally opposite conceptions, some hippies went through their judgment again and became yuppies
Portefaix, Valérie. "Architecture et territoire : outils et stratégies du projet à grande échelle dans l'oeuvre de Le Corbusier". Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21027.
Texto completoArango, López Diego. "Villes capitales en projet : histoire comparative de l'urbanisme moderne : Bogota Buenos Aires. 1920-1955". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0058.
Texto completoThis research analyzes the simultaneous establishment of three urbanism projects in Bogota and three projects in Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1955. It explores the general characteristics of urbanism projects themselves and seeks primarily to understand the political and social transformations of both cities throughout the history of the projects within this time period. The comparative perspective used here required research in différent archives and libraries of Bogota, Buenos Aires and Paris. A diverse documentary corpus has been constituted with technical, administrative, political, personal, journalistic and other documents. This research allows us to understand how the establishment of similar projects triggers divergent social developments in two different societies. It also analyzes the power struggles between different social and political associations, with focus on the mechanisms used to reinforce their social standing and their action strategies. The research contributes to the reflection on the process of co-production of modem urbanism and proposes a new mode of analysis to understand the urban history of Latin America
Tan, Lély. "La ville autoritaire : la métamorphose urbaine comme outil de légitimation politique : Shangai, (1990-2010), au regard du Paris du Second Empire, (1852-1870)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0680.
Texto completoShanghai, neoliberal example or sui generis case? Is Shanghai urban metamorphosis unique case in the world, irreducible and idiosyncratic model? No because Haussmanian Paris under the Second Empire experienced the same transformation. By comparing the two cities, we have elaborated a new city category: the authoritarian city. It is the result of a process by combining three factors: 1, Authoritarian political system 2, Modernization economic policy 3, Ambitious urban strategy. Within this context, the Authoritarian city has to be seen as a legitimization way for the political power. Unlike researchers who explain the Shanghai urban transformation as an endogenous phenomenon (Friedmann 2006, Logan et Fainstein (dir), 2010) or a number of others who estimate it as a result of Chinese market liberalization, we advocate a more comprehensive overview. The Authoritarian model is taken account Chinese characteristics and place Shanghai urban path as a “more ordinary city”. Because temporary aspect Is essential in our framework and because contexts are parts of the Authoritarian city, we deliberately use process approach (Mendes et al. 2013). The phenomenon is a whole process and cannot be separated from the economical, political or social contexts
Stroussopoulou, Effie. "La production des terrains à bâtir à Athènes : mécanisme d'allocation du logement". Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120006.
Texto completoMechanisms of production of urban plots are considered as a process generating segregated residential areas in regard of their social composition and the mode of housing production dominant in each area. The study of land transformation into urban plots consists in identifying the different states of this process and the characteristics and roles of the housing agents. The question is to see how the initial characteristics of land, the nature of housing agents and the reglementary constraints influence the type of transformation in each area and the type of urban plot produced. The study concerns the athens area in the postwar period
Garbe, Edouard. "La Chute de l'URSS et les transformations de la société russe à travers la littérature et la presse russes". Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIML009.
Texto completoFlonneau, Mathieu. "L'automobile à la conquête de Paris, 1910-1977 : formes urbaines, champs politiques et représentations". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010507.
Texto completoSumpf, Alexandre. "Le visage vers la campagne : les bolcheviks et l'éducation politique de la paysannerie dans les années 1920". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20101.
Texto completoResearch is about the early development of Soviet “totalitarian project”, based on educational and political control of adult population, peasantry in particular. The thesis is a social history of politics, playing on various scales from the decisional center to the local achievement, from institutions to the individuals. First part draws the history of Main Direction for Political Education, in charge of propaganda for communism. Founded in 1920 as the State counterpart of Central Comity’s Agit-prop Department, Glavpolitprosvet was a secondary wheel in State-Party system, but was a central institution of the new “Propaganda State”. Second part studies the network of political education’s administration and institutions from the provincial scale to the village. Everywhere it hardly functioned, results were mediocre; moreover, Bolshevik representations about rural world totally denied its realities. Third part analyses the contradictory recruitment and the quite theoretical training of political educators for the villages. Deprived from a corporative identity to adhere to, their involvement in the Soviet system could be seen as the affirmation of a real individual and personal choice
Mokaddem, Tewfik. "Les Z. H. UN en Algérie, 25 ans après : extension, réhabilitation, destruction nouvelle problématique pour les zones d'habitat urbaines nouvelles à Sidi Bel Abbes". Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120011.
Texto completoThis research is the synthesis of many thrust studies of archives, bibliography, the press, reporting, interview and sample survey into the dwelling areas. It is an analysis of the peripheric development in algerian towns, of the historical background, the draw up of a survey-cum-inventory of premises. The laws and the methods which are at the origin of the new urban design of the residential estate. It is displayed prominently the rupture of 1962 and the reconquest to the peripheric area town with a new method : the Z. H. U. N inspired from the french z. U. P. Sidi bel abbes is a particular town, his first Z. H. U. N has played a great part in extension of the center town, its clearing and its linking with the industrial area. The most peripheric cities have taken the form of infinished and incompleted building sites, which resulted from many problems and non, existent urban politis. Two phenomenes coexist: 1. A new constructions are built in order to satisfy a high growth demography. 2. At the same time, some transformations have affected the recent building in the residential estates. Our sample survey consist of the analysis of these new transformations and to appeal for new urban politis which would resolve these new problems of the residential estate and propose new methods to design the peripheric dwelling areas
Abas, Françoise. "Le zaum dans la poésie russe du XXème siècle". Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0008.
Texto completoNicolini, Isabelle. "La population d'origine russe en France : approche ethnobiographique des regroupements à Nice, Paris et Bussy-en-Othe : mémoires, rites et identités". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2001.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the Russian emigration in France from 1917 to 1991. Using an ethnobiographic approach, it analyses the stakes of the transmission through the generations and the identity of the Russian settlement in Nice, Paris and Bussy-en-Othe. The aim of this work is to describe the basics particular to all of the three waves of Russian emigration and its own characteristics. This research concentrates on the sociological portrait of those three migratory groups, through their cultural roots, which has determined their community integration across the space and temporal changes. It points out the own transmission systems of these groups whose arrival at different decades induced a distinct behaviour in the ritualized practices and the process of the social transmission
Kunth, Anouche. "Du Caucase à Paris : un autre exil arménien : expériences migratoires et ancrages en dispora : de 1920 à l'implosion de l'Union Soviétique". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0055.
Texto completoRather than approaching the Armenian Great Diaspora from the perspective of its Ottoman origins, this research is devoted to the lesser-known itineraries of Armenian subjects of the Tsarist Empire, mainly from the Transcaucasus province, during and after the 1917 Revolution. As a social elite, they escaped the wave of repression targeting opponents of Bolshevism and fled into exile, with France as a favorite destination, trading along the way their former citizenship for the newly status of refugee created under the aegis of the League of Nations. From a social and even political point of view, they shared very little with the Armenians of the former Ottoman Empire, numerously exiled in France. Cultural component of the Russian community, the « Caucasians » tended to despise the rural and uncouth « Turkish » Armenians, so challenging any assumptions about the prominence of the ethnic factor in the coalescence of a Diasporic group. Yet, their political education and social clout predisposed them to a leading role in the organization of the Great Diaspora. The relation between these Armenian groups took unexpected paths, difficulties stemming from the deeply contrasted nature of their recent ordeal: ethnic genocide against social and political persecutions. Examining the Armenian Diaspora from the angle of its initial heterogeneity, this research offers an in-depth analysis on the long-run (1920s-1990s). It highlights the main mechanisms, both official and unofficial, responsible for the amalgamation of human groups marked by very diverse experiences into a still homogeneous community, slowly convinced it was born from a single original Big Bang-like traumatic event
Koering, Alfred. "La Rupture cubiste : un regard renouvelé sur l'organisation de l'espace dans l'architecture et l'art de la ville". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1004.
Texto completoThe cubism of Braque and Picasso breaks with the painting introduced by the Renaissance, which bases the construction of the image on the perspective, what the cubism rejects. It introduces into art elements of the everyday life, “vernaculars”, which modify the function of art. So it raises the ethical character of art and not only the aesthetic one. Thereby it joins architects' preoccupations not only worried about new forms. This strong social consciousness is particularly sensitive in Germany from 1920 till 1930. Bruno Taut, Ernst May as well as Walter Gropius go away from the aestheticism in opposition of architects' searches as Le Corbusier. Except the constructivists in the USSR another ground of socialist experience arises from ashes of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vienna is steered from 1920 till 1930 by the Austro-Marxists who begin a completely original politics of social buildings. This fact was not often analyzed
Ferrad, Abdelmajid. "La politique coloniale de l'habitat marocain à Casablanca : 1930-1956". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010688.
Texto completoThe subject of our thesis treats the question of colonial housingin in Casablanca. We've divided our work in two parts, the first one covers the period between 1930-1949. It is a period which knew the apperance of tin nighbour hoods of "carrieres centrales ; and Ben M'sik ; due to the emigration of countryside people, followed by an extraordinary envolvement of economics in Casablanca. At the same time when tin nighbourhoods ; extends in Casablanca, la nouvelle Medina ; or Derb Sultan emerged with no urban orientation. Despite the efforts of colonial power, the problem of Moroccan housing in Casablanca remained unsolved is due to the consequences of economic crisis and those of second world war. The second part of this work tackles a new strategy of urbanisation in morocco dated from 1950 to 1956 with the arrival of Mr Michel Ecochard, an urban engineer, who was abben to find, a formula of housing in Morocco according to the principles of charter of athens ; the assistance of the colonial gouvernment permitted mr ecochard to solve, relatively, the problem of Moroccan living in casablanca. Results remained humble in the field of the absorption of tindwellings and unhealthuy districts a technical progress concerning the rational planifica of Moroccan dwelling area
Nejmi, El-Houssine. "Les mutations de l'espace social à Casablanca et dans sa périphérie urbaine : recherche sur les ménages, les logements et les équipements collectifs". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010599.
Texto completoGourbin, Patrice. "Les monuments historiques de 1938 à 1959 : une administration au service de l'architecture". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010541.
Texto completoGrudet, Isabelle. "L' "Histoire de l'urbanisme" de Pierre Lavedan de 1919 à 1955 : entre savoir et action". Paris 8, 2005. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:Grudet,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:Grudet,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoThis work questions the correlation between theoretical and doctrinal aspects of discourses about the city. It analyses the first series of History of urbanism written by the historian of art Pierre Lavedan (1885-1982), a major reference for town planners, historians and geographers, especially after the Second World War. The hypothesis is that this author, as an intermediary figure between knowledge and action, has produced texts that reflect the positions he has successively occupied in the field of history of art and later in the field of urbanism. The empirical study shows that these positions have in common to support the idea of mediation: as an historian – mediator Pierre Lavedan has nurtured several paradigms of urbanism. This work invites to study the mediation of urbanism and to overcome the critics of the correlation between knowledge and action on the one hand, and of the orientation of history on the other hand, in order to think of the historian – mediator as an actor in the field of urbanism
Godot, Anne-Sophie. "Urbanisme et architecture de la reconstruction du Loiret (1940-1954)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040184.
Texto completoIn 1940, men of art make up the Planning and Architecture in the Department. The prefect organizes architectural competitions which many architects participated. Other competitions are run by the MRU, and the architects of the department will participate successfully. In parallel, the warden forces the affected cities to prepare a development plan. Even before the law which will force other municipalities to have a plan, Jean Royer those composed of Sully, Chateauneuf, Gien and Orleans. In parallel, the active participation of victims in the creation of projects demonstrates the importance of issues within the department. Numerous debates are discussed by the local press with enthusiasm.The study of Reconstruction capture both the history of architecture and urbanism of the period in a manner unprecedented since the department is privileged to witness the implementation by the Government in politics of active reconstruction
Ruelland, Alexis. "La construction comme système technique : l'habitat du quartier Notre-Dame de la ville de Lévis de 1865 à 1927". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31324.
Texto completoThis thesis is a systemic and systematic study of the production of the built environment of the Notre-Dame neighborhood in Lévis (Quebec, Canada) from 1865 to 1927. It connects characteristics of the built form with descriptors of the society which transforms it. Quantitative and qualitative data is aggregated and georeferenced in a geographical information system (GIS). Historical maps allow for the reconstitution of the urban morphogenesis, and the insurance plans provide a material description of all the town’s buildings. Social data on the tenants is gathered from the Marcotte directories. The database is analyzed with descriptive (diachronic) and bivariate (synchronic) statistics. A review of the historical context and the study of construction financing, through the notary archives, lead to the interpretation of those analyses. The main result of this research is a detailed description of the built environment as a system. Engines of the morphological transformation of the town’s build environment are found in the relationship between the urban and built form, the historical context (population, territory, economy, society and transportation) and the tenants (gender, socio-professional and linguistic groups). The systemic relationships hypothesized range from largescale political and economic influences to the individual decisions, opportunities and limits. The study of construction financing puts the actions of builders in the concrete framework of economic decisions. It also reveals the previously unknown influence of Lévis’s Permanent Construction Society on the built environment and economy of the town. This research can be qualified as exploratory because of its difficulty to confirm the hypotheses suggested by the data. Nonetheless, theses hypotheses offer a synthesis of the phenomena defining the production of Lévis built environment from 1865 to 1927. They put the act of building at the meeting point of individual choices and social constraints
Mantziaras, Panos. "La ville-paysage : Rudolf Schwarz et la dissolution des villes". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081786.
Texto completoThibonnier, Laure. "Idéal et réalité dans la civilisation russe à travers les oeuvres pédagogiques de N. I. Novikov (1744-1818) et A. S. Makarenko (1888-1939)". Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO31018.
Texto completoThe Russian civilisation of the 18th and 20th centuries is hereby analysed through pedagogical works of N. I. Novikov (1744 – 1818) and of A. S. Makarenko (1888 – 1939), with the fundamental query concerning the issue of the ideal and the reality. For the 18th century, the influence of the thought of Locke, Rousseau and the Russian freemasonry on Novikov's pedagogy is studied, as are studied for the 20th century, the themes essential for the Soviet civilisation of work, of collective, of family and of authority through their reflection in Makarenko's pedagogy. Beyond this, the ideal model to which each society streams to match the “new man” which it creates is considered, and more generally, in this historical breakdown may we not perceive a certain historical permanence? This permanence will be revealed in the continuity of the ideal proposed to Russian society : the union of the people with a power sanctified by faith
Rossi, Pauline. "L'Est parisien : genèse d'une reconquête (1919-1975)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040073.
Texto completoMost historians described the master plan established in 1983, in Paris, as the first attempt to reshape the Eastern part of the town. From the turn of the 19th century to the 1970's, the districts east of the city were considered as the realm of industry, of workers and cheap housing. These districts did not match the overall prestige of the French capital and their development was miserably lagging behind the rest of the city : public spaces as well as buildings and urban planning could not bear comparison with the luxury of the Western districts, not to mention the city centre. However, between 1919, when urban planning received a new impetus, and 1975, when the developers and the public understood the real value of the underestimated neighbourhoods, the districts east of the city were occasionally rebuilt. During this process, one often stressed the destruction resulting from a modernization process effort. It is time to reassess the full consequences of the last century
Akram, Assem. "La guerre d'Afghanistan (1978-1992) : les causes et les effets de l'intervention soviétique en Afghanistan, de la primature de Daoud à l'après-guerre (1953-1996)". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040061.
Texto completoStudy mainly based on afghan sources. The soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 was the result, on one hand, of a timely answer to the foreseeable crack-down of the communist regime which took power on April 1978 and, on the other hand, of soviet-Russian long-standing strategic views aiming at an endless expansion to the south. Morally backed by the international community and financially sustained by some governments across the world (USA and Saudi Arabia), afghans found enough strength to resist the soviet superpower, standing under the jihad flag. But, the afghan mujahidin stood divided both religiously and ideologically. While these differences were less visible during the war, they became more prevalent when they gained power in April 1992. As a result, the country entered an era of civil war which continues today (1996). Pakistan played a key role during the war, but the inter-services intelligence, in charge of dispatching the military and financial aid, favored a policy more useful to the strategic goals of Islamabad rather the ones of the Afghans. The post-war era witnesses the opposition of two main alliances on the afghan scene: one is including New Delhi, Kabul and Moscow, with a new interesting extension to Khomeini’s Teheran and Russian-protected Dushanbe
Hulbert, François. "Pouvoir local et espace urbain : un exemple d'aménagement, l'agglomération de Québec". Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20013.
Texto completoThe political configuration of Quebec metropolitan area, provincial capital (600. 000 inhabitants), merging municipalities, the Quebec urban community and surrounding associated municipalities provide the basis for the identification of problems linked to the overall organisation resulting in the juxtaposition of several schemes within one metropolitan area. The formulation of such a scheme, at first opposed by local councils, was finally imposed by the provincial government. When, after ten years of delaying tactics, the municipalities constituting the Quebec urban community agreed on a scheme it was already too late to ensure the future of the community. More and more, urban development has expanded beyond the scope of this obsolete structure incessantly contested by local councils to the advantage of outskirt suburbs and to the prejudice of both the urban centre of the main city and of the region as a whole. The latter, becoming progressively severed from the capital, loses faith in the repeated promises of economic benefits supposed to be granted by a policy of development focussed on the regional capital. Surveying the performance of the Quebec metropolitan area leads to the conclusion that political power is needed at metropolitan and regional levels in order to fill the present void and lack of any development policy as can be discovered by geographical analysis through a direct active approach and involvement over a long period. The present experiment in urban and regional geopolitics may open new vistas to the discipline in as much as it brings political analysis within the scope of urban study
Negură, Petru. "Nationale par la forme, socialiste par le contenu : littérature et politique en Bessarabie roumaine et Moldavie soviétique durant la période stalinienne". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0107.
Texto completoThis dissertation proposes a sociological analysis of the Union of Moldavian Writers, the institution responsible for promoting "socialist realism" in Soviet Moldavia during the Stalinist period (1924-1956). In the particular context of Soviet Moldavia (a disputed territory between the USSR and Romania), this work shows how the Soviet Moldavian writers contributed to the formation and diffusion of a model of "Moldavian" identity (construed by opposition to its "Romanian" counterpart), by resorting to the creation of a standardized language, a literary heritage and a "method" of creation, intended for their target audience: the Moldavians. The literary language, the literary heritage and the literary canon of "socialist realism" represented important stakes in the balance of power between the writers and the Soviet authorities. At another level of interpretation, these factors played a crucial role in the power struggle between the Moldavian writers themselves, as groups or individuals
Salenson, Irène. "Aménager la ville imaginée : politiques et stratégies urbaines à Jérusalem". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010708.
Texto completoKataiftsis, Dimitris. "Les communautés grecques en URSS (1917-1956) et les questions du genre". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040228.
Texto completoIn order to form our hypothesis, it would be necessary to examine the scientific discourse on gender and its application to the greek case, and this is what we tried to do in our introduction. Our study was organized in five large parts. The first one approaches the formation of greek diaspora from the end of the 18th century to the revolutions of 1917 and the woman representation in pontic-greek historiography. The second one approaches the access of women in education, the ways of integration in the new soviet society. The preservation of the cultural roles leads us to develop a typology between “greek” women and “soviet” women. The third part focuses on the reformation or disappearance of the roles during political repressions that would have an impact on greek diaspora. Furthermore, we discussed on the women-victims of purges. Finally, the last part demonstrates that the exile constituted a rupture with the past, at least as it resulted from its protagonists’ oral testimonies. The women who talked about themselves and the men surveyed on gender issues give us an original image of the past, worthy of interest
Arabov, Oumar. "Les mutations de la vie religieuse au Tadjikistan : du soufisme à l'évangélisme". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0028.
Texto completoThis dissertation covers two main issues : Sufism and Christianisation in Tajikistan. In Tajik society Sufism is seen through holly places pilgrimage and veneration of Sufi families. Troughout the Soviet times, the Sufi milieu was involved in a difficult fight for survival. It came out of the atheistic era very weak despite a big boost at the beginning of the nineties. This weakness is particularly highlighted beside a resounding success of foreign Evangelists in their mission to convert Tajiks into Christianity. There are many factors at the basis of this phenomenon : civil war, weakness of Islam, poverty. It is yet to be seen how this new Christian community will integrate into Tajik society, wich belonged until recently exclusively to Islam
Japharova-Brutti, Lucine. "Littérature kurde de la période soviétique (années 1930-1990) : prose, poésie et dramaturgie kurdes avec leurs systèmes d'images, leur langage et leurs thèmes principaux". Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0018.
Texto completoThe current work concerns a study of Soviet Kurdish literature from 1930 to 1990. Our objective is to bring together all the documentation regarding this new literature and to show its artistic potential as well as its vitality. To this end, we will start with a general review of the history of the Kurds in the Tsarist Russian and then the communist empire. This will be followed by a presentation of Soviet Kurdish literature and an examination of the principal works of its authors. This literature is presented and analysed in its two main periods : the 1930s and 40s, which are its formative years and the period from the 50s to 90s which covers the period of the thaw and of its artistic flowering. Each of these periods is sub-divided, thus allowing us better to analyse the process of literary works published from 1921 to the end of 90s. This literature is presented and analysed in its two main periods : the 1930s and 40s, which are its formative years and the period from the 50s to 90s which covers the period of the thaw and of its artistic flowering. Each of these periods is sub-divided, thus allowing us better to analyse the process of literary development. Finally, an extensive bibliography covers all the Kurdish literary works published from 1921 to the end of the 90s. This literature was able to preserve and develop its oral traditions while adapting itself to the requirements of contemporary art, even when it was obliged to follow the Communist Party's line. This fusion of past and present thus give birth to a complex, original and gifted literature that absorbed the best of Armenian, Georgian and Russian literature. However, through its experience of a particular historic environment, Kurdish literature of the USSR shows its patriotism : the Kurdish people, its history, its culture and destiny make the warp and woof of its thematic background
Wendeln, Matthew. "Contested territory : regional development in France, 1934-1968". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0035.
Texto completoThis thesis shows how government intervention shaped the remapping of industry and population in postwar France. C6mbining a national perspective with local case studies, it analyzes the regional development programs organized around the new conceptual framework of aménagement du territoire. I address a core tension: industrial decentralization was a Keynesian social policy, which brought new jobs to impoverished areas, but it also undercut the power of Parisian labor and created a kaleidoscope of new regional inequalities. Three chapters trace the complex relationship between projects of urban "containment," rural preservation, and new ideals of Keynesian modernization from 1934 to 1955. I examine the decentralization of defense industries, programs to deindustrialize Paris, and battles to control provincial labor markets during new development. The following two chapters address, respectively, the institutional and discursive bases of redistributive regional policies and the role of decolonization in shaping debates on inequalities in France. Next, I take the Citroën car factory built in Rennes, Brittany, as a case study of new rural industrialization from Rennes' pro-growth municipal politics to the company's recruitment of peasant workers and the community's contestation of its new employer. A concluding chapter covers key shifts in French industry during the 1960s: Parisian contraction, branch-plant expansion, and new high-tech metropolises. This dissertation is at the junction of social science research-on industrial geography and territorial governance-and the history of French industry and labor, urban policy, and state economic intervention
Jelidi, Charlotte. "La fabrication d'une ville nouvelle sous le Protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1956) : Fès-nouvelle". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459553.
Texto completoJung, Inha. "Architecte Robert Camelot (1903-1992)". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010733.
Texto completoThrough the life of french architect. Robert Camelot (1903-1992). We try to throw light on two historic facts which have appeared in the history of architecture after the second world war : the change of architectural practices provoked by urbanization, and the emergence of new construction techniques and their applications to the new architectural programme. Robert Camelot was un architect to be considered from this point of view. His activity is associated to the main projects of that time, and to the public mechanism which determines the direction of town planning. This represent also the archicte's adaptation to the new architectural conditions in fifties an sixtes, and the alteration which results in the confrontation of architectural practice with reality
Desportes, Marc. "L'ère technique de la spatialité urbaine : genèse et expérience des aménagements techniques et urbains. Le cas des infrastructures routières, 1900-1940". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081043.
Texto completoThe disruption produced by technological development, especially transportation development, created an original space. At the begining of the century, traditionnal roads had to be adapted to the motorcar and motorways are builded. Those equipments cause a spatial experience wich appears more intellectual, less sensitive, sometimes disorientating. On the model of this typical experience, the contemporary urban experience can be described. Then, one understands how a minor urban fact, based on the constitution of spatial marks in a certain length of time and shared by a community, has been followed by a major urban fact, assembly of technical utilities, articulated with minimal and explicite links