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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Urban type"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Urban type"

Zhao, Xiangyu, Wenqi Fan, Hui Liu y Jiliang Tang. "Multi-Type Urban Crime Prediction". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, n.º 4 (28 de junio de 2022): 4388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20360.

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Crime prediction plays an impactful role in enhancing public security and sustainable development of urban. With recent advances in data collection and integration technologies, a large amount of urban data with rich crime-related information and fine-grained spatio-temporal logs have been recorded. Such helpful information can boost our understandings of the temporal evolution and spatial factors of urban crimes and can enhance accurate crime prediction. However, the vast majority of existing crime prediction algorithms either do not distinguish different types of crime or treat each crime type separately, which fails to capture the intrinsic correlations among different types of crime. In this paper, we perform crime prediction exploiting the cross-type and spatio-temporal correlations of urban crimes. In particular, we verify the existence of correlations among different types of crime from temporal and spatial perspectives, and propose a coherent framework to mathematically model these correlations for crime prediction. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of our framework.

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Shi, Jian He. "Typology of Urban Planners". Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (septiembre de 2011): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.507.

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In this paper, a town planner currently acts the role of chaos and disorder, classificatory the type of the planners scientific. To planners in the social and political status of the policy influence of the planners as the standard, is divided into norm-based planning, tissue-type planners, commercial planners. On their respective types of behavior and the role of interpretation, with a view to establishing a coordinated and orderly norms regulate behavior, To make the planning our country to a new stage.

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Shane, David Grahame. "Transcending Type: Designing for Urban Complexity". Architectural Design 81, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1197.

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Петровская, Ольга Викторовна y Александр Андреевич Ткаченко. "URBAN-TYPE SETTLEMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: География и геоэкология, n.º 3(35) (21 de septiembre de 2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2226-7719-2021-3-28-41.

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Исследование посвящено поселкам городского типа и их месту в региональных системах расселения. Рассмотрены особенности развития пгт, выявлен характер их размещения, проведено сравнение экономикогеографического положения городов и поселков городского типа. Предложены варианты выделения различных видов пгт. The paper is dedicated to urban-type settlements and their place in the Russian regional settlement system. The peculiarities of urban-type settlement development are considered, their distribution is identified, the economic and geographical location of cities and urban-type settlements is compared. The variants of different types of urban-type settlements are suggested.

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Tomić, Milan, Sandra Rover, Bojan Pejović y Nina Uremović. "Functional links between rural and urban areas in the territory of the city of Banja Luka and the perspective of their development". Economics of Sustainable Development 4, n.º 2 (2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/esd2002050t.

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Different types of interactions between rural and urban areas have the effect of improving economic, social, cultural and political dimensions in both areas, separating these two areas by their type of activity. Rural and urban types of regions have different resources and means that can be used in a complementary way. In rural-urban interaction there is a possibility of occurrence of conflict of interest of these two areas. This kind of conflict should be overcome when applying the partnership approach between rural and urban areas. The types of rural areas, depending on the proximity of the urban center and the functions of these areas, are divided into suburban, agricultural and remote type areas. By determining the functions of each type of area, the type and intensity of the interactions of rural areas with the urban center are presented. Rural entrepreneurs are able to bridge rural-urban differences, possessing certain market knowledge and descriptions of the characteristics of urban environments, while benefiting from their position. Rural entrepreneurs' interaction with the urban environment can contribute to sustainable economic relations between citizens in urban and rural areas. This paper presents the results of research related to determining the functions of certain areas, their strengths, unused and utilized resources, the frequency of interaction with the urban environment and the perspectives of suburban, agricultural and remote type areas in the context of interaction with the urban environment.

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Lee, Seung Jong. "Policy Type, Bureaucracy, and Urban Policies: Integrating Models of Urban Service Distribution". Policy Studies Journal 22, n.º 1 (marzo de 1994): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb02182.x.

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Chuchkalov, A. S. y A. I. Alekseev. "“New” rural settlements – former urban-type settlements". Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, n.º 6 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019618-34.

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Since the 1920s, when the notion of urban-type settlement (UTS) was introduced in Russia, and until the 1980s the number of UTSs was constantly increasing. But since the 1990s, their rapid decline began, and by 2019 more than a third of them were transformed into rural settlements. In this article, the authors try to find out what the new villages the former UTSs are; where they are located; what their functions (largely lost) are, and what the specific features of their population are. From 1989 to 2010, the processes of transformation of UTSs into rural settlements administratively increased rural population of Russia by 2.4 mln people and held back the growth of the urban population share, which increased only slightly from 73.4 to 73.7%. When comparing the census data of 1989 and 2010 in many regions, the administrative ruralization radically changed the dynamics of the population: instead of a real decrease in the number of rural residents, Census-2010 showed the increase of rural population. Former UTSs are losing population more rapidly than the rural areas of their municipal districts, and the most intensive outflow is in logging settlements, centers of construction and colonies-settlements. The average population size of the former UTSs is minimal in the North of European Russia and the Far North, and maximum in the European South and in the Ural-Volga area, where the former UTSs-district centers are mostly concentrated, in which change of their status was purely formal.

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Cardona, N., F. Alonso y P. Möller. "Applicability of Walfisch-type urban propagation models". Electronics Letters 31, n.º 23 (9 de noviembre de 1995): 1971–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951353.

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Reynolds, Ryan T. y Ian P. Castro. "Measurements in an urban-type boundary layer". Experiments in Fluids 45, n.º 1 (19 de febrero de 2008): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0470-z.

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Dovey, Kim y Stephen Wood. "Public/private urban interfaces: type, adaptation, assemblage". Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 8, n.º 1 (24 de febrero de 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2014.891151.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Urban type"

Reynolds, Ryan T. "Measurements of the structure of urban-type boundary layers". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47099/.

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In order to gain a better understanding of the fundamental structure associated with turbulent flows over very rough, urban-type surfaces, laboratory experiments were undertaken in a subsonic wind tunnel facility at the University of Southampton. It was anticipated that undertaking this work would provide better insight into fundamental differences in the flow structure compared to smooth-wall surfaces. After modification of an existing facility to accommodate a longer working section length, testing proceeded over a regular array of cube roughness elements with a 25% area density. Measurements were conducted with hot-wire anemometry, Laser Doppler anemometry, and particle image velocimetry. Development of the particle image velocimetry technique to obtain accurate turbulence statistics over and among the roughness elements was successfully undertaken providing significant new analysis opportunities and results. Initial testing characterised a large-scale spanwise variation discovered within the boundary layer developing over the cube surface. It was found that mean velocity variation in the span at a height of 50% of the boundary layer thickness could exceed ±5%. Further testing was conducted at locations far enough downstream to minimise the amplitude of the variation. Time-averaged mean velocity and turbulence statistics were collected revealing the averaged flow features. The peak Reynolds shear stress near the cube surface was found to be a strong function of the relative boundary layer thickness compared to the roughness size. Quadrant analysis showed the instantaneous sweep motions found near the rough surface intermittently producing large percentages of the local shear stress. Spatial correlation analysis of the instantaneous field data collected with particle image velocimetry revealed long, streamwise-stretched regions of streamwise mean velocity cross correlation. Correlation analysis also allowed calculation of the structure angle of the streamwise velocity cross correlation and the associated integral length scales of the turbulence structure. Two integral length scales were found in certain locations near the cube surface highlighting the complex nature of the flow and inherent difference compared to smooth wall flows. Comparisons were made with existing direct numerical simulation studies over identical geometries showing many general similarities but also indicating differences associated with the assumptions governing each approach. Together, the experiments and analysis establish a broad picture of the distinct flow structure found in urban-type flows.

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Maeder, Elizabeth Alexandra. "The passage type as a generator for urban connectivity". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8264.

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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Bak, Jun Hyeong. "Sustainable urban development in South Korea : compact urban form, land use, housing type, and development methods". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4781/.

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Over the past few decades, South Korea has experienced economic development and urbanisation, the effects of which have included environmental degradation and social problems. The principles of sustainable development have gained support as an approach to dealing with these issues; and the compact city has been proposed as a means of delivering sustainable development without the sprawl of Western cities. This thesis examines the applicability of the compact city to South Korea, particularly to large-scale developments, through the perspective of sustainable development. The research questions, ‘How and why have urban developments in South Korea been accompanied by compactness?’ and, ‘What implications does this have for sustainable development?’ are examined through two case studies: Yong-in, a city developed by diverse methods; and Se-jong, a city developed as a single new project. The case studies demonstrate that new settlements by high-rise apartments in South Korea have achieved a high degree of compactness, and residents have appreciated their liveability and made them their popular housing choice. The thesis concludes that the compact city in South Korean urban development is not only feasible, but is acceptable to residents; and it suggests a compact city model and strategies applicable in the South Korean context.

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Mambretti, Isabella Margherita. "Urban parks between safety and aesthetics : exploring urban green space using visualisation and conjoint analysis methods /". Zürich : ETH / Institut für Raum- und Landschaftsentwicklung, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17071.

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Al-Khudairy, Lena. "Dietary factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban Saudi adults". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65510/.

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Background: Saudi Arabia is ranked sixth for the highest prevalence of T2DM worldwide. There is very little information on dietary factors associated with the prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia. There is an urgent need for the identification of culturally specific T2DM risk factors to then develop culturally tailored public awareness programs and interventions, to reduce the prevalence of T2DM. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the association between dietary factors and T2DM in the Middle Eastern region. To determine the association between dietary factors, including anthropometric measures, selected food items and beverages, selected dietary biomarkers and T2DM in Saudi adults. To identify culturally specific barriers to healthy eating in Saudi adults, with and without T2DM. Methods: The systematic review was conducted by searching several electronic databases and contacting authors, libraries, and research centres in the Middle East. Included studies assessed potential dietary factors for T2DM in Middle Eastern adults. An existing cross-sectional survey (n = 2631), which is part of a larger Biomarkers Screening Survey conducted in the urban area of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2009), of Saudi adults aged ≥ 18 years, was used to examine the association between dietary factors and T2DM. Anthropometric measures (n = 2355) included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and sagittal abdominal diameter. Selected food/beverage included 17 items collected from a food freque ncy questionnaire (FFQ) (n = 1867). The FFQ was validated in this study against two 24 hour dietary recalls (n = 98). Dietary biomarkers included vitamin D and selenium (n = 567). Barriers to healthy eating were assessed by face-to-face interviews (n =108) carried out using modified predeveloped Saudi questionnaires and an additional questionnaire developed and piloted for the purpose of this study. Results: The systematic review highlighted the large gap in evidence of associations between dietary factors and T2DM in the Middle Eastern region in general and Saudi Arabia specifically. For the cross-sectional analyses, the overall sample was 2631 adults (females: 1280, males: 1351) and the prevalence of T2DM was 29.3% (females: 25.4%, males: 32.9%). WC was associated with T2DM independently of BMI, specifically in males. The intake of dates showed an inverse association with T2DM in males. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in females with diabetes in comparison to nondiabetics. Serum selenium was associated positively with lipid parameters in females and fasting insulin in males. However, selenium was not associated with diabetes. Lack of dietary knowledge and culturally specific barriers (lack of social support, lack of will power and reliance) were barriers to healthy eating in participants with and without T2DM. Conclusion: The findings of this thesis highlight culturally specific factors associated with T2DM in Saudi adults. Further dietary studies in relation to T2DM are required in Saudi Arabia. Cultural issues should be incorporated when designing health awareness campaigns to address Saudis specific needs.

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Gospodini, Anastasia-Aspasia. "Type and function in the urban square : a case study of London". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434254.

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Anderson, Jennifer K. "Dogtrots in New Orleans: An Urban Adaptation to a Rural House Type". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1604.

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The dogtrot house type is an important type of vernacular architecture in the American landscape, particularly in rural areas of the southern United States. Little is formally written or known about the dogtrot type houses in New Orleans, which appear to be a unique evolution of the rural dogtrot form specifically adapted for the urban environment. This thesis examines the existing literature regarding the dogtrot house type and analyzes the architectural history of the remaining dogtrot type homes in New Orleans in order to establish that they are correctly classified, and also to investigate any possible links with rural dogtrots. The findings promotes awareness of the dogtrot house type in the urban setting, and contribute to the larger picture of vernacular architectural adaptation in the United States. Further, this thesis lays the foundation for landmarking the 16 remaining dogtrots in New Orleans.

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McMillan, Andrew James Mr. "Multifamily Units in the Dispersed City: Measuring Infill and Development by Neighborhood Type in the Kansas City Region". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1367857439.

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Brinkman, Elliot Easton. "Measuring Community Capacity Across Urban and Rural Landscapes in Southwestern Illinois". OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/315.

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Water quality is a substantial issue in rural and urban areas in the Midwestern United States. Water resources, such as streams, are often impaired by pollution. This can pose a threat to the natural ecosystem and the health of those that live within it. In the Lower Kaskaskia River region, Illinois communities are faced with impaired water resources. In order to effectively manage for healthy waterways, communities must have skills and resources to address threats to water quality. This study assessed capacity for effective watershed management in four communities within the Lower Kaskaskia River region. Each community exists within a subwatershed of the Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed. A stratified, random sample of 3,609 residents living within the four watersheds was taken to gather data on several community capacity indicators for each watershed community. A questionnaire was distributed to individuals living within the study area to measure dimensions of community capacity and familiarity with water conservation practices. With data from the questionnaire, it was possible to measure collective action, community empowerment, and shared vision for each of the communities within the study area. Exploratory factor analysis yielded outcomes that differed from theoretical literature on the topic. A stepwise regression analysis illustrated the importance of community empowerment in explaining the greatest amount of variability (39%) in community capacity. Once reliable measures of community capacity were established, it was possible to examine them across urban and rural areas. A multivariate analysis showed no significant difference between urban and rural community type in regards to levels of community empowerment, collective action, shared vision, and community capacity. Measurements of community capacity were not significantly different at á = 0.05 across urban and rural communities; however, practical differences between urban and rural communities were identified. Understanding practical differences in community capacity between different community types will assist in the development of outreach and education techniques that are relevant for both urban and rural communities that exist within the study area. Outreach and education strategies will allow for the implementation of effective natural resource management within the study communities, while informing citizens and leaders on watershed conservation practices that can be implemented at the individual and community levels.

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Christoforou, Zoi. "Incidence occurrence and response on urban freeways". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626573.

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Research on road safety has been of great interest to engineers and planners for decades. Regardless of modeling techniques, a serious factor of inaccuracy - in most past studies - has been data aggregation. Nowadays, most freeways are equipped with continuous surveillance systems making disaggregate traffic data readily available ; these have been used in few studies. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to capitalize highway traffic data collected on a real-time basis at the moment of accident occurrence in order to expand previous road safety work and to highlight potential further applications. To this end, we first examine the effects of various traffic parameters on type of road crash as well as on the injury level sustained by vehicle occupants involved in accidents, while controlling for environmental and geometric factors. Probit models are specified on 4-years of data from the A4-A86 highway section in the Ile-de -France region, France. Empirical findings indicate that crash type can almost exclusively be defined by the prevailing traffic conditions shortly before its occurrence. Increased traffic volume is found to have a consistently positive effect on severity, while speed has a differential effect on severity depending on flow conditions. We then establish a conceptual framework for incident management applications using real-time traffic data on urban freeways. We use dissertation previous findings to explore potential implications towards incident propensity detection and enhanced management

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Libros sobre el tema "Urban type"

Nanda, Vivek. Urban morphology and the concept of "Type": A thematic & comparative study of the urban tissue. Ahmedabad, India: School of Architecture, Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology, 1990.

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The urban birder. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.

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The urban birder. [Bath]: Chivers, 2012.

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Animal, vegetable, murder: An urban farm mystery. Waterville, Maine: Wheeler Publishing, 2013.

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Ozório, Lúcia. Penser les périphéries: Une expérience brésilienne : pour un nouveau type de politique publique de construction du commun. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2014.

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Breault, Robert F. Residential street-dirt accumulation rates and chemical composition, and removal efficiencies by mechanical- and vacuum-type sweepers, New Bedford, Massachusetts, 2003-04. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Urban type"

Younés, Samir y Carroll William Westfall. "The components and types of good urban form". En Architectural Type and Character, 71–96. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506260-6.

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Cataldi, Giancarlo. "Towards a General Theory of Urban Morphology: The Type-Morphological Theory". En Teaching Urban Morphology, 65–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76126-8_5.

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Andrienko, Gennady, Natalia Andrienko, Fabian Patterson, Siming Chen, Robert Weibel, Haosheng Huang, Christos Doulkeridis et al. "Visual Analytics for Characterizing Mobility Aspects of Urban Context". En Urban Informatics, 727–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_40.

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AbstractVisual analytics science develops principles and methods for efficient human–computer collaboration in solving complex problems. Visual and interactive techniques are used to create conditions in which human analysts can effectively utilize their unique capabilities: the power of seeing, interpreting, linking, and reasoning. Visual analytics research deals with various types of data and analysis tasks from numerous application domains. A prominent research topic is analysis of spatiotemporal data, which may describe events occurring at different spatial locations, changes of attribute values associated with places or spatial objects, or movements of people, vehicles, or other objects. Such kinds of data are abundant in urban applications. Movement data are a quintessential type of spatiotemporal data because they can be considered from multiple perspectives as trajectories, as spatial events, and as changes of space-related attribute values. By example of movement data, we demonstrate the utilization of visual analytics techniques and approaches in data exploration and analysis.

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Gao, Song, Yu Liu, Yuhao Kang y Fan Zhang. "User-Generated Content: A Promising Data Source for Urban Informatics". En Urban Informatics, 503–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_28.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes different types of user-generated content (UGC) in urban informatics and then gives a systematic review of their data sources, methodologies, and applications. Case studies in three genres are interpreted to demonstrate the effectiveness of UGC. First, we use geotagged social media data, a type of single-sourced UGC, to extract citizen demographics, mobility patterns, and place semantics associated with various urban functional regions. Second, we bridge UGC and professional-generated content (PGC), in order to take advantage of both sides. The third application links multi-sourced UGC to uncover urban spatial structures and human dynamics. We suggest that UGC data contain rich information in diverse aspects. In addition, analysis of sentiment from geotagged texts and photos, along with the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methods, is discussed to help understand the linkage between human emotions and surrounding environments. Drawing on the analyses, we summarize a number of future research areas that call for attention in urban informatics.

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Li, Ming y Jian-gang Xu. "Complex-Based Gestalt Principle of Urban Visual Analysis: A Review". En Low-carbon City and New-type Urbanization, 195–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_17.

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Amir, Mohammad y Ian Castro. "Turbulent Flow Over Urban-Type Roughness Using PIV". En IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls, 61–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_9.

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Yu, Bo, Dai-feng Song, Shu-yu Liu y Shao-sen Wang. "Research on Urban Climate Problem-Solving-Oriented Planning Approaches in Xiamen". En Low-carbon City and New-type Urbanization, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_1.

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Li, Yan y Yun Lu. "Analysis on Urban Crisis Conduction Under the Background of Big Data". En Low-carbon City and New-type Urbanization, 317–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_28.

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Li, Yang, Yao-yu Lin y Yong-xi Gong. "A GIS-Based Approach to Urban Community-Scale Carbon Emissions Modeling". En Low-carbon City and New-type Urbanization, 329–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_29.

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Fu, Chonglan y Wenming Cao. "The Disruption of Traditional Squares and the Rise of New-Type Squares". En An Urban History of China, 223–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8211-6_12.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Urban type"

Pratelli, A. y F. Schoen. "Multi-toll-type motorway stations optimal layout". En URBAN TRANSPORT 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut060881.

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Kimura, K. y M. Inoue. "Inventing a new type of platform gate". En URBAN TRANSPORT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut150491.

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Stojanovski, Todor. "What explains neighborhood type statistically? – Mixing typo-morphological and spatial analytic approaches in urban morphology". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5151.

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Society creates architectural styles and neighborhood types to communicate and promote values. Geographers and architects accordingly classify neighborhoods by historical periods, urban design, planning paradigms and plan elements, density, building types and architectural detail. This paper juxtaposes typo-morphological (historical emergence of urban forms through urban elements and pattern typologies) and spatial analytic (city defined by urban form factors and formulas) approaches in urban morphology to assess what explains neighborhood type statistically. The analyses of variance show that many urban form factors (residential and employment density, mix of residences and jobs, Floor Space Indexes (FSI), location, income, etc.) are statistically significant in neighborhood type (as a nominal composite variable). This means that neighborhood typologies be applied in spatial analyses and urban modelling as classes (context variables). The approach can be used in typo-morphological tradition to offer quantitative description to the persistent ‘problem of type’ and enrich the classification methodology.

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Marshall, Stephen y Yuerong Zhang. "Towards a ‘fractal’ typomorphology: integrating concepts of type, form and dimension". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6151.

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While the urban fabric has both three and two dimensional aspects, we rarely if ever experience urban form as a fully three-dimensional object nor as a two-dimensional ground plan. Rather, the urban fabric is experienced more in terms of places with a fractal dimension lying between two and three. Hence we can (re)interpret urban form elements from colonnades to streets as ‘fractal’ types. This in turn suggests the possibility for a ‘fractal’ typo-morphology, addressing elements that occupy a typological space ‘in between’ 3D architectural modelling and 2D urban plan analysis. While Moudon could note that aspects of type were ‘vague and flawed with ambiguity’ (1994), it seems that there is still room for clarity; Dovey’s recent review of type (2016) invites further development and integration of the concept of type what may still be a disparate and ambiguous territory. Meanwhile, fractal approaches to morphology have been traditionally more concerned with larger scale urban patterns (e.g. Frankhauser, 2004) or measurement of architectural elements (e.g. Ostwald et al, 2015) with a fractal dimension less than two. This paper explores the possibilities for establishing a ‘fractal typo-morphology’ that recognises the ‘2.x’ dimensional aspect of the urban fabric and its component types. The paper generates a solution-space of types, illustrated with empirical examples, and organizes these into a typology for onward use, so that ideas of type, form and fractal dimension can contribute more fully as ‘conceptual tools’ both for understanding the urban fabric and for use as building blocks for urban design. References (100 words) Dovey, K. (2016) Urban Design Thinking. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Moudon, A. V. (1994) Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology, in Franck, K. A and H. Schneekloth (eds) Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design. New York: VNR. Frankhauser, P. (2004) Comparing the morphology of urban patterns in Europe – a fractal approach, in Borsdorf, A. and Zembri, P. (eds) European Cities – Insights on outskirts. Brussels: COST. Ostwald, M., Vaughan, J. and Tucker, C. (2015) Characteristic visual complexity: Fractal dimensions in the architecture of Frank Lloyd wright and Le Corbusier, in Williams, K. and Ostwald, M. (eds) Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future. Switzerland: Springer.

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Rochat, Estelle, Solange Duruz, Ivo Widmer, Alain Clemence, Olivier Desrichard, Daniel Rappo, Olivier Ertz et al. "Relationship between land cover type and Body Mass Index in Geneva". En 2015 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jurse.2015.7120542.

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Elbardawil, Shaima. "Arabic type in urban environments: A graphic heritage". En DRS2022: Bilbao. Design Research Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.680.

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Pena, David, Andrei Tchernykh, Sergio Nesmachnow, Renzo Massobrio, Alexander Feoktistov y Igor Bychkov. "Multiobjective Vehicle-type Scheduling in Urban Public Transport". En 2017 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2017.80.

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Kilbane, Simon y Daniele La Rosa. "Urban Green Infrastructure: a study of type, opportunity and constraints for greater urban resilience". En IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ifou2018-06024.

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Kuwabara, Takeo, Motomi Hiraishi, Kenjiro Goda, Seiichi Okamoto, Akira Ito y Yoichi Sugita. "New Solution for Urban Traffic: Small-Type Monorail System". En 10th International Conference on Automated People Movers. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40766(174)65.

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Wang, Yu Chen, Chin Chuan Han, Cheng Ta Hsieh y Kuo Chin Fan. "Vehicle Type Classification from Surveillance Videos on Urban Roads". En 2014 7th International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing and Workshops (UMEDIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/u-media.2014.69.

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Informes sobre el tema "Urban type"

Гарлицька, Т. С. Substandard Vocabulary in the System of Urban Communication. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3912.

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The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.

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Zhang, Yangjun. Unsettled Topics Concerning Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility. SAE International, mayo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021011.

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Flying cars—as a new type of vehicle for urban air mobility (UAM)—have become an important development trend for the transborder integration of automotive and aeronautical technologies and industries. This article introduces the 100-year history of flying cars, examines the current research status for UAM air buses and air taxis, and discusses the future development trend of intelligent transportation and air-to-land amphibious vehicles. Unsettled Topics Concerning Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility identifies the major bottlenecks and impediments confronting the development of flying cars, such as high power density electric propulsion, high lift-to-drag ratio and lightweight body structures, and low-altitude intelligent flight. Furthermore, it proposes three phased goals and visions for the development of flying cars in China, suggesting the development of a flying vehicle technology innovation system that integrates automotive and aeronautic industries.

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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, Amruth Kiran y Teja Malladi. Reproducing a Household: Recognising and Assessing Paid and Unpaid Domestic Work in Urban India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/rhrapudwui11.2022.

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The key question of this study is to ask: what does it take to reproduce a household in urban India? Using a series of time-use surveys, we measure the time taken for 33 different tasks within activity clusters such as domestic services (cleaning, food preparation, procurement, upkeep) and caregiving services (child care and elderly care). Within this, we assess both unpaid work done by members of the household and paid work done by an externally engaged domestic worker. We do so across 9,636 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, religion, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages.

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Babiker, Mustafa, Amir Bazaz, Paolo Bertoldi, Felix Creutzig, Heleen De Coninck, Kiane De Kleijne, Shobhakar Dhakal et al. What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation means for Cities and Urban Areas. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, octubre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv310.2022.

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The Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) initiative provides a distillation of the IPCC reports into accessible and targeted summaries that can help inform action at city and regional scales. Volume I in the series, What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities, identified the ways in which human-induced climate change is affecting every region of the world, and the cities and urban areas therein. Volume II, Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of different adaptation options. To achieve climate resilient development, synergies between policies and actions for climate change adaptation, mitigation and other development goals are needed. This third volume in the series, What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation Means For Cities and Urban Areas offers a concise and accessible distillation of the IPCC Working Group III Report for urban policymakers. The 21st century is characterized by a rapidly growing urban population, urban land expansion and associated rise in demand for resources, infrastructure and services. These trends are expected to drive the growth in emissions from urban consumption and production through 2100, although the rate of urban emissions growth will depend on the type of urbanisation and the speed and scale of mitigation action implemented. Aggressive and ambitious policies for transition towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions can be implemented in cities and urban areas, while contributing to sustainable development. Ultimately, mitigation action and adaptation are interdependent processes, and pursuing these actions together can promote sustainable development.

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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, Amruth Kiran y Teja Malladi. Deficits in Decent Work: Employer Perspectives and Practices on the Quality of Employment in Domestic Work in Urban India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ddweppqedwui11.2022.

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The key question of this study is to ask: what is the quality of employment of paid domestic work in urban India? We measured quality by looking at income security (wages, bonus, increments); employment and work security (terms of termination, terms of assistance in illness or injury); and social security (terms of paid leave, medical insurance, and maternity entitlements). We additionally assessed channels of recruitment of paid domestic workers. We did so for 3,067 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, religion, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages.

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Schnabel, Filipina y Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.

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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.

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Gombeda, Matthew, Estevan Rivera y Zoe Lallas. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-005.

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This report presents the results of a comprehensive literature review focusing on corrosion performance of reinforced concrete bridge decks, with a particular emphasis on the relative performance of alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement types. Examples of alternative corrosion-protection options examined herein include epoxy-coated, galvanized, stainless-steel, and A1035 bars, considering conventional black reinforcing bars as the standard. Based upon the results of the literature review, a framework for determining the optimal reinforcement option for a bridge deck is presented as a function of the properties of each reinforcement type and other factors, such as design service life, location of the bridge, estimated maintenance/repair cycles, and relative costs. Several examples are also provided to demonstrate the procedure for using the framework and its applicability for different bridge types with varying design considerations, such as a congested urban artery and a rural interstate. The literature review findings and the optimal approach framework were crafted for use by bridge design engineers as preliminary guidance when determining the type of reinforcement for a given bridge deck and its corresponding conditions. Furthermore, the approach can also be used by Illinois Department of Transportation officials when deciding whether to invest in higher performing corrosion-protection systems for a given application or for updating current bridge design policies to reflect the latest developments in alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement options.

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Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab, Abu Sonchoy, Muhammad Meki y Simon Quinn. Virtual Migration through Online Freelancing: Evidence from Bangladesh. Digital Pathways at Oxford, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/03.

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Youth unemployment is a major issue in many developing countries, particularly in locations not well connected with large urban markets. A limited number of available job opportunities in urban centres may reduce the benefit of policies that encourage rural–urban migration. In this project, we investigated the feasibility of ‘virtual migration’, by training rural youth in Bangladesh to become online freelancers, enabling them to export their labour services to a global online marketplace. We did this by setting up a ‘freelancing incubator’, which provided the necessary workspace and infrastructure – specifically, high-speed internet connectivity and computers. Close mentoring was also provided to participants to assist in navigating the competitive online marketplace. We show the exciting potential of online work for improving the incomes of poor youth in developing countries. We also highlight the constraints to this type of work: financing constraints for the high training cost, access to the necessary work infrastructure, and soft skills requirements to succeed in the market. We also shed light on some promising possibilities for innovative financial contracts and for ‘freelancing incubators’ or ‘virtual exporting companies’ to assist students in their sourcing of work and skills development.

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Goodwin, Peter y Rebecca Molinari. Cache Valley Wetland Mapping: Supplemental Report. Utah Geological Survey, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-744.

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This report summarizes a recently completed mapping project in Cache County that had three components: mapping wetland and riparian areas to update National Wetland Inventory (NWI) mapping; applying additional Landscape Position, Landform, Water Flow path, and Waterbody Type (LLWW) attributes to enhance utility and information provided by the new mapping; and developing landscape-scale models identifying likely functions provided by wetlands across the entire project area. The project area and extent of the mapping effort covers 533,000 acres of the county and includes the entire Cache Valley as well as parts of the Blacksmith Fork, Logan River, and High Creek watersheds in the Bear River Range. The project area includes most wetland areas in Cache County and the wetlands most likely affected by agricultural and urban development.

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Ellefsen, Richard y David Fordyce. Urban Terrain Building Types: Second Edition Public Releasable Version. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, noviembre de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586279.

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