Artículos de revistas: "Urban specialization"

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Dziewonski, Karimierz. "SPECIALIZATION AND URBAN SYSTEMS". Papers in Regional Science 24, n.º 1 (14 de enero de 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01466.x.

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SU, Hongjian. "Urban Specialization of Chinese Cities". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, n.º 01 (marzo de 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500057.

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The extent of urban specialization is closely related to urban development level. This paper distinguishes relative specialization and absolute specialization in terms of their connotations and measurement methods, and examines functional specialization in general. Using data on prefecture-and-above cities in China, this paper also reviews the characteristics of indicators of urban specialization in China. The findings are as follows. There exists a [Formula: see text]-shaped relationship between the relative specialization index and city size and income level; the absolute specialization index shows a significant negative correlation with city size and a significant positive correlation with income level. Functional specialization coefficient and city size manifest a significant positive correlation; there is clear division of functions among city clusters, and functional specialization coefficient is significantly related to administrative level of cities. Finally, from the perspective of functional division and specialization of cities (city clusters), this paper makes the proposition of coordinating the spatial, scale and industrial structures of Chinese cities.

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Chen, Jing. "The Impact of Cluster Diversity on Economic Performance in U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas". Economic Development Quarterly 34, n.º 1 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419892338.

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Conventional wisdom indicates that economic specialization can promote growth, whereas economic stability is associated with diversified economies. This conflicting relationship between specialization and diversity has been questioned, as regional scientists have suggested that specialization and diversity can coexist in a regional economy and proposed the concept of diversified specializations. To test this proposition empirically, two Herfindahl–Hirschman Indices were used to examine the relationship between economic diversity and economic performance among 359 metropolitan statistical areas in the contiguous United States. The first index measures industry diversity across 87 three-digit North American Industry Classification Systems sectors, and the second index quantifies cluster diversity among 51 economic specializations. This analysis confirms that cluster diversity contributes to both stability and growth, and regions can simultaneously pursue both high and stable economic growth.

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Rodriguez, Nestor P. y Joe R. Feagin. "Urban Specialization in the World-System". Urban Affairs Quarterly 22, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1986): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208168602200201.

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Bacolod, Marigee, Bernardo S. Blum y William C. Strange. "Urban interactions: soft skills versus specialization". Journal of Economic Geography 9, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2009): 227–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn057.

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6

Zhang, Mingdou, Qingbang Wu, Weilu Li, Dongqi Sun y Fei Huang. "Intensifier of urban economic resilience: Specialized or diversified agglomeration?" PLOS ONE 16, n.º 11 (29 de noviembre de 2021): e0260214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260214.

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With increased uncertainty and instability worldwide, how to enhance the urban economy resilience effectively has become one main issue for urban economic development. Based on the measurement of the economic resilience of 241 cities at the prefecture level and above in China using the sensitive index method, we scrutinize the impact of industrial specialization agglomeration and diversification agglomeration on urban economic resilience. Results indicate that, during the impact resistance period, industrial diversification agglomeration, especially related industrial diversification agglomeration, can enhance urban economic resilience, whereas industrial specialization agglomeration has no positive effect. In contrast, during the period of recovery and adjustment, industrial specialization agglomeration can improve urban economic resilience, and industrial diversification agglomeration, especially related industrial diversification agglomeration, has no positive effect. Further analysis indicates that, under the interaction of specialization and diversification agglomerations, the effect of industrial agglomeration on urban economic resilience depends on the type of dual industrial agglomeration, showing remarkable heterogeneity. This study may provide useful references for policy makers concerned with urban resilience.

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7

Wang, Xiao (Joyce), Jeffrey Burr, Jennifer Hefele y Joyce Wang. "Profiling Nursing Home Care Specialization Groups". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.130.

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Abstract The nursing home (NH) industry has experienced a shift toward care specialization. This study used NH-level panel data from 2011 to 2017 to describe unique care specialization groups in urban areas using latent profile analysis (LPA) (N= 64695, with 12,143 unique NHs). We focused on urban NHs because NHs specialize in care due to competition and memetic pressure, more likely to be the case for urban NHs. To identify care specialization profiles, LPA was applied using different types of specialist staffing levels (physical therapist, occupational therapist, physicians, and dietitians) and the share of special care units aimed at chronic conditions like Alzheimer’s Disease and AIDs. Model diagnostics and information criterion guided selection of the best fitting model. Model stability over time, interpretability of results, and parsimony were also taken into consideration. The final results indicated a 4-profile model fit the underlying data best and the patterns remained comparatively stable over seven years. The 4-classes are uniquely identified as: high use of specialists of all types (3%), moderate use of specialists of all types (7%), mixed use of specialists and special care units (26%), and low specialization use (64%). From 2011 to 2017, the size of the ‘low specialization’ group became smaller, whereas the high and moderate groups grew larger. In addition to describing a clear trend towards increased care specialization, our findings indicated great heterogeneity in NHs’ care specialization patterns in urban areas. Future studies should examine market and organizational characteristics, as well as performance outcomes for different specialization groups.

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Tabuchi, Takatoshi y Jacques-François Thisse. "REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION, URBAN HIERARCHY, AND COMMUTING COSTS". International Economic Review 47, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2006): 1295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2006.00414.x.

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Ó Huallacháin, Breandán y Der-Shiuan Lee. "Technological Specialization and Variety in Urban Invention". Regional Studies 45, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2010): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.486783.

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ZHAO, Yong y Ouge QI. "Would Functional Specialization of Space Narrow Down Regional Disparities? — An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Chinese Urban Agglomerations 2003–2011". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 05, n.º 01 (marzo de 2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748117500038.

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Strengthening regional cooperation and promoting functional specialization of space are significant orientations of current regional development strategies, but whether the functional specialization of space based on the co-agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry narrows regional disparities is yet to be verified. The authors utilize the panel data of 16 Chinese urban agglomerations from 2003 to 2011 and verify that functional specialization of space and regional disparities present an inverted U-curve relationship, that is, as functional specialization of space develops, regional disparities get larger and vice versa. By comparing indexes of functional specialization of space of major urban agglomerations in China, the authors find that by 2011 only the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations enter the second half of the inverted U-curve. Some other urban agglomerations are at or reaching the inflection point. However, half of Chinese urban agglomerations are still at the first half of the inverted U-curve, and it is expected to take a long time for some of them to reach the inflection point. In addition, this paper provides circumstantial evidence for the existence of an S-curve relationship for three times between the labor productivity of a city’s service industry and the distance from the city to large ports, meaning that the agglomerating efficiency of the service industry is relatively high in the eastern and western regions of China and low in the central region. The above conclusions indicate that different types of urban agglomerations should adopt different coping strategies in promoting coordinated regional development by strengthening regional cooperation and boosting functional specialization of space.

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Foster, Kathryn A. "Specialization in Government". Urban Affairs Review 31, n.º 3 (enero de 1996): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107808749603100301.

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12

Simmons, James W. "Specialization in services: a Canadian example". Dela, n.º 21 (1 de diciembre de 2004): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.223-231.

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In modern urban systems the economic growth of cities is largely driven by services. In many regions employment growth in primary and secondary activities is close to zero, or even negative. Growth depends on the ability to attract jobs in the services. This study explores the pattern of specialization in various service activities for 159 Canadian urban areas in 1996, as the basis for a series of maps for the Atlas of Canada. The hierarchical specialization is evaluated for each service sector by computing a regression model of ser-vice employment as a function of urban population and income per capita. The rapidly growing business and financial services are the most strongly oriented to larger cities. The horizontal specialization is measured as residuals from the regressions. Strong regional differences contrast the central place roles of agricultural communities with the more loca-lized markets of resource and manufacturing centres. Public sector decisions about the loca-tion of major health and education facilities complement the choices of the private sector.

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13

Ducruet, César. "Revisiting urban hierarchy and specialization from a maritime perspective". Maritime Policy & Management 47, n.º 3 (23 de noviembre de 2019): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2019.1693065.

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14

STOBART, JON y LEONARD SCHWARZ. "Leisure, luxury and urban specialization in the eighteenth century". Urban History 35, n.º 2 (agosto de 2008): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926808005464.

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ABSTRACTThis article forms a contribution to the ongoing debate about the nature of an English urban renaissance. We draw on Schwarz's designation of residential leisure towns to explore the spread of leisure and luxury through a broad range of towns. Our analysis reveals that leisure facilities and luxury service and retail provision were widespread, but that residential leisure towns appear as qualitatively different places, the status of which was contingent upon social profile and cultural-economy, rather than demographic, political or socio-economic make up. We conclude by arguing that urban typologies based on specialization should be tempered with older-established and more subjective categorizations based on the status of the town.

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15

Elshater, Abeer M. "Urban design redux: Redefining a professional practice of specialization". Ain Shams Engineering Journal 6, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.08.004.

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16

Callaghan, Corey T., Yanina Benedetti, John H. Wilshire y Federico Morelli. "Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance". Oikos 129, n.º 10 (8 de julio de 2020): 1541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.07356.

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MacIvor, J. S., J. M. Cabral y L. Packer. "Pollen specialization by solitary bees in an urban landscape". Urban Ecosystems 17, n.º 1 (4 de junio de 2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-013-0321-4.

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18

Bryant, Chad. "After Nationalism? Urban History and East European History". East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 25, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325411399078.

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Urban history in our field has taken many different forms in the past few decades. Many such works, no doubt, have drawn great inspiration from scholars outside our area specialization. Many, however, have looked within our area specialization for inspiration, thus giving urban histories of our region several peculiar characteristics. The first part of this article discusses how urban historians have provided new perspectives on a topic long dear to Eastern Europeanist hearts—nationalism. Here the article looks at the ways in which Gary Cohen’s Politics of Ethnic Survival has influenced how historians have studied nationalism and the city. The second part will briefly survey other forms of urban history that have predominated within the field, many of which recall the questions and approaches first found in Carl Schorske’s Fin-de-siècle Vienna. The final part concludes with some thoughts about what the rise of urban history among Eastern Europeanists might mean for the future our field.

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Zuzańska-Żyśko, Elżbieta y Marlena Dyszy. "Dynamic Villages in the Hinterland of a Polycentric Region: Case Study of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland". Land 10, n.º 8 (25 de julio de 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080779.

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This article examines the growth of the labour market and entrepreneurship in a metropolitan area. In particular, the study attempts to answer how the economy of the rural regions is developing in the hinterland of a large urban complex in Southern Poland, which is transforming from a post-industrial conurbation into a metropolitan area. The study applied Florence’s local specialization index, statistical measures, dynamics indexes, and Pearson’s correlation index. The research results show that the local economy, including the labour market, is systematically growing. Rural communes refer to multifunctional development based on services, and they represent diverse economic specializations. They are subject to economies of scale and benefit from the proximity and impact of a large urban complex. The economic growth of rural areas in the hinterland is related to entrepreneurship, convenient location in relation to cities, and migration from cities to villages.

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Salter, Sean P., Ken H. Johnson y Ernest W. King. "Listing Specialization and Pricing Precision". Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 40, n.º 3 (23 de agosto de 2008): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-008-9146-y.

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21

Inskeep, Edward. "Tourism Planning: An Emerging Specialization". Journal of the American Planning Association 54, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 1988): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368808976497.

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Baldock, Katherine C. R., Mark A. Goddard, Damien M. Hicks, William E. Kunin, Nadine Mitschunas, Lynne M. Osgathorpe, Simon G. Potts et al. "Where is the UK's pollinator biodiversity? The importance of urban areas for flower-visiting insects". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, n.º 1803 (22 de marzo de 2015): 20142849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2849.

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Insect pollinators provide a crucial ecosystem service, but are under threat. Urban areas could be important for pollinators, though their value relative to other habitats is poorly known. We compared pollinator communities using quantified flower-visitation networks in 36 sites (each 1 km 2 ) in three landscapes: urban, farmland and nature reserves. Overall, flower-visitor abundance and species richness did not differ significantly between the three landscape types. Bee abundance did not differ between landscapes, but bee species richness was higher in urban areas than farmland. Hoverfly abundance was higher in farmland and nature reserves than urban sites, but species richness did not differ significantly. While urban pollinator assemblages were more homogeneous across space than those in farmland or nature reserves, there was no significant difference in the numbers of rarer species between the three landscapes. Network-level specialization was higher in farmland than urban sites. Relative to other habitats, urban visitors foraged from a greater number of plant species (higher generality) but also visited a lower proportion of available plant species (higher specialization), both possibly driven by higher urban plant richness. Urban areas are growing, and improving their value for pollinators should be part of any national strategy to conserve and restore pollinators.

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Wang, Xiao (Joyce), Jeffrey Burr, Robert Weech-Maldonado, Jennifer Hefele y Kathrin Boerner. "Nursing Home Post-Acute Care Specialization Groups and Financial Outcomes". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.935.

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Abstract Nursing homes (NHs) have increasingly specialized in post-acute care (PAC). However, it remains unclear as to why some NHs engage in more specialization than the others. Furthermore, the relationship between financial outcomes and PAC specialization has not been examined using more accurate financial indicators. This study developed a NH PAC specialization typology and examined financial outcomes (i.e. total revenue per inpatient day, operating margin) of different specialization groups. We employed NH-level panel data from 2011 through 2017 and focused on over 9,000 urban NHs per year. Multiple data sources were utilized like the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data; Medicare Cost Reports; and Brown University’s LTCfocUS. We employed Latent Profile Analysis to develop distinct NH care specialization groups based on PAC staffing levels. This analysis revealed heterogeneous and clustered patterns of PAC staffing utilization and identified a four-group typology: “low specialization,” “mixed specialization,” “moderate PAC specialization,” and “intensive PAC specialization.” Using fixed-effects modeling, we then examined financial outcomes of the four PAC specialization groups. Although being in a group with higher level of commitment to PAC specialization was associated with higher revenues, it was not necessarily associated with higher operating margins. Further, in stratified analyses, for-profit and not-for-profit NHs showed different patterns in these associations. This suggested that although NHs compete for patients paid at higher reimbursement policies, increased costs may offset higher revenues as a result of specialization. Future studies should track financial outcome trajectories of NHs by care specialization groups in light of various payment innovations.

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Ryerson, Megan S. "Planners Take Flight". Journal of Planning Education and Research 36, n.º 4 (8 de julio de 2016): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x15626988.

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Air transportation is a mode of transportation that provides planning students an arena in which to tackle wicked, cross-specialization planning challenges that span geographies from local to global. A synthesis of syllabi and instructor surveys of thirty-seven graduate planning programs found that nine programs cover air transportation in a partial or full lecture in their introductory transportation planning courses and less than half mention it briefly. I provide linkages between air transportation planning and the most commonly covered planning topics so that professors of transportation planning—and possibly other specializations—can use these linkages to enrich topics in existing courses.

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Nikitin, B. V. "Assessing the resilience potential of the Russian Arctic cities: the factor of economic specialization". Arctic: Ecology and Economy 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2023): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2023-1-106-118.

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This paper proposes an original methodology for assessing the impact of economic specialization on the resilience potential of Russian Arctic cities. The author understands the resilience as the ability of urban economies to adapt to crises, especially structural ones. He considers the key concepts of urban and regional development, in which the impact of economic specialization factor on resilience are assessed. The author takes into account the specifics of the Arctic urban systems that evolve focusing mainly on the resource development of the territory. As a result, he ranks 28 Russian Arctic cities on the resilience potential basis. The ranking consists of four quantitative indicators with equal weight. These are the degree of diversification of the economy in terms of employment structure, the level of the extractive industry development, the share of innovative firms and the patent activity level. The cities differ mostly by the last two indicators responsible for the development of human capital and the generation of new niche industries of specialization. In terms of employment diversification and dependence on the extractive industry, the distribution is more even. Regional capitals, research and university centres acquire higher scores of resilience potential. By contrast, factors of location in suburban zone, on the remote periphery with low infrastructure provision or in areas with a high concentration of mineral resources negatively affect the assessment of the resilience of the cities. The ranking methodology can be applied to identify the risks Arctic cities are likely to face if they lose their current specialization.

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Xia, Lei y Jin Yu Hu. "Analysis on the Relationship between Specialization and Innovation of Technology in Chinese Cities". Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (febrero de 2014): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1577.

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Specialization refers to externalities of the specialization in the form of industrial agglomeration. We pick up the data of 198 prefecture-level cities of China during the years 2007-2009 from the view of the effects of spillover of technology, in order to calculate the specialization index and analyze its features, and finally we study on the data to find out how specialization and diversity can make a contribution to the innovation of civil technology theoretically and practically and make suggestions on the corresponding policies as well. The results suggest that:(1) The relatively specialized industries in the cities of China is stable, and the specialization index of the cities who possess abundant natural resources such as the industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and mining is even higher, meanwhile the capital cities own a higher diversity index. (2) Both of educational expense and GDP affect the innovation of urban technology positively and significantly.

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Ryu, Kyung Won, Eun Jin Shin y Hyung Jun Park. "The Policy Effect of the Urban Regeneration New Deal projects in Local Industrial Cities: Focusing on the Industrial Crisis Response Special Area". Korean Association of Governance Studies 33, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2023): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.26847/mspa.2023.33.1.95.

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This study analyzed the policy effect of the urban regeneration New Deal project on the industrial structure of local industrial cities. The Urban Regeneration New Deal Project is an urban regeneration policy that activates urban declining areas in terms of society, economy, and physics. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of the urban regeneration New Deal project on the industrial diversity and industrial specialization of local industrial cities. To this end, the research subjects were composed of regions selected as special industrial response areas among local industrial cities, and the analysis unit was composed from 2015 to 2020. In addition, it was intended to increase research reliability through the propensity score matching, and difference-in-difference models were conducted to derive policy effects between regions where the project was put and regions where it was not. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the urban regeneration New Deal project did not affect industrial diversification in local industrial cities and negatively affected industrial specialization in specific sectors. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests planning in connection with the industrial structure of the region and expanding the participation of the private sector as ways to improve urban regeneration policies.

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Kane, Amelia y Sarah Praskievicz. "Effects of Human Disturbances on Avian Species Composition in Wetlands along an Urban–Rural Gradient in the North Carolina Piedmont". Southeastern Geographer 63, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2023): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2023.a904511.

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abstract: Urban development alters landscapes and changes ecosystems. One of these changes is the homogenization of species, as specialist species are no longer able to survive. Wetlands are vulnerable to alteration and serve as habitats for specialized bird species. To investigate which human disturbances were related to differences in species composition and wetland specialization, we conducted species surveys at five wetland sites along an urban–rural gradient in Greensboro, North Carolina. We examined the relationship between avian community composition and disturbance variables using a partial least squares regression. We found that indirect disturbances such as impervious surfaces and commercial land use were negatively associated with wetland specialization. We suggest that effective wetland conservation in urbanizing areas must consider development in the surrounding landscape.

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Cardoso, María Mercedes. "Especialización funcional y dinámica demográfica en el área metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina / Functional specialization and demographic dynamism in the metropolitan area of Santa Fe city, Argentina". Caderno de Geografia 25, n.º 44 (30 de julio de 2015): 256–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2015v25n44p256.

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En el área Metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina se están dando unos procesos particulares que generan un crecimiento diferencial entre sus componentes. Las mayores tasas de crecimiento demográfico se observan en los pueblos grandes, mientras que la ciudad principal, Santa Fe se ha estancado en 0,6%. Dado que las funciones son actividades que justifican la existencia de las ciudades, se procedió al estudio de las especializaciones funcionales empleando el Método de Nelson. El objetivo es identificar funciones o combinación de funciones que generan mayor dinamismo asociándolas, a su vez a los tamaños demográficos de los centros y a las tasas de ocupación y desocupación. De este modo, se incorporan otras variables y factores a los tradicionalmente considerados por los autores que desde los estudios tradicionales relacionan la especialización funcional de los asentamientos a su tamaño demográfico. Los resultados aportados en este estudio son claves para la gestión local y regional. Palabras claves: Especialización funcional; Jerarquía urbana; Tasa de desocupación; Tasa media anual de crecimiento.AbstractIn the metropolitan area of Santa Fe City (Argentina), particular processes are producing differential growth patterns among its components. Whereas population growth rates in Santa Fe City have stagnated at a 0.6%, the largest towns of this metropolitan area have been growing at the highest rates. Given cities depend on their own functions or urban activities, and in order to analyse local functional specializations, Nelson’s method is applied. The main objective of this study is to identify functions, or a combination of functions, which increase dynamism, as well to associate them to the different demographic sizes and employment, unemployment rates of the localities. Therefore, other types of variables and factors were added apart from the ones considered by traditional authors, who have been relating functional specialization of cities and towns with their demographic sizes. The results obtained in this study are particularly useful for local and regional administrations.Key words: Functional specialization; Urban hierarchy; Unemployment rates; Annual population growth rates

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Jinghua, Liu. "Regional Specialization and Urban Development in England during the Industrial Revolution". Social Sciences in China 39, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2018): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2018.1414420.

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Lee, Kwang-soo, Ki-hong Chun y Jung-soo Lee. "Reforming the hospital service structure to improve efficiency: Urban hospital specialization". Health Policy 87, n.º 1 (julio de 2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.10.003.

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Abdel-Rahman, Hesham M. y Masahisa Fujita. "Specialization and Diversification in a System of Cities". Journal of Urban Economics 33, n.º 2 (marzo de 1993): 189–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1993.1013.

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Vives Miró, Sònia. "Producing a “Successful City”: Neoliberal Urbanism and Gentrification in the Tourist City—The Case of Palma (Majorca)". Urban Studies Research 2011 (11 de septiembre de 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/989676.

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Since the 1990s, the intensification of capital accumulation, especially in its financial dimension, has been one of the keystones for the triumph of neoliberalism. Spanish neoliberal policies have focused on the flexibilization of the real estate sector, leading to the specialization in the secondary circuit of accumulation. This has generated a third real estate boom which has been accompanied with an outstanding housing bubble. The Balearic Islands are a paradigmatic case within these logics, tourist specialization being the main trigger of the process. In Palma, the region's capital, neoliberal urban planning policies have been implemented in order to convert it into a “successful city” within the global urban network competition. These policies have led to Palma's uneven geographical development through processes like gentrification, as is the case of the Gerreria, a neighborhood of Palma's city center.

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BOANȚĂ, Laura-Florentina, Alexandru MARIN y Miron ZAPCIU. "TOWARDS AN URBAN REGENERATION MODEL DRIVEN BY CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND SMART SPECIALIZATION STRATEGIES IN THE DANUBE REGION". Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Engineering Sciences 15, n.º 1 (2023): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscieng.2023.1.77.

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This paper analyzes the contribution of the project RESTART_4Danube to urban regeneration in the Danube Region by enhancing transnational cooperation and coordination in Creative and Cultural Industries (CCIs) among the participating countries. From this perspective, the RESTART_4Danube project has a two-fold objective: (i) to strengthen the links between enterprises, research and development centers, universities and civil society, and (ii) to develop a new CCI-driven Urban Regeneration model that is rooted in regional Smart Specialization Strategies (S3) and can provide solid evidence for improving the framework conditions and public policies for research, innovation and regional development, in the sense of a transformative, systemic innovation policy, with an impact that goes beyond the CCIs and research & innovation eco-system, in order to produce broader effects in the economy, becoming more socially sustainable, according to the new orientation of smart specialization strategies for sustainable and inclusive growth (S4+).

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35

Zarazúa Villaseñor, Ulises Bonifacio. "Changes in the urban specialization of the medium-sized cities of the West". Anuario de Espacios Urbanos, Historia, Cultura y Diseño, n.º 04 (1 de diciembre de 1997): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/xibx6124.

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Nichols, Deborah L., Mary Jane McLaughlin y Maura Benton. "PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AND REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION". Ancient Mesoamerica 11, n.º 2 (julio de 2000): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610011106x.

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Although textiles were important commodities in the Aztec political economy, it is widely held that textile production did not involve organized workshops. In the late 1960s, Charlton (1971, 1981) found a concentration of large spindle whorls at the Aztec city-state capital of Otumba that he interpreted as remains of a maguey-fiber workshop. A subsequent survey and surface collections made by the Otumba Project discovered additional concentrations of spindle whorls associated with fiber-processing tools and manufacturing debris that provide substantial evidence for organized maguey-fiber workshops at Otumba. An unusually large sample of more than 1,600 spindle whorls was recovered in surface collections from sites in the Aztec city-state of Otumba where both small cotton whorls and large maguey whorls occurred in low densities associated with concentrations of domestic pottery (and in some cases house-mound remnants). In the Aztec capital town of Otumba, maguey spindle whorls were also present in localized dense concentrations within a restricted area of the site. These concentrations also included molds for making spindle whorls, “wasters,” a high density of heavily worn obsidian blades and basalt scrapers used in fiber production, and obsidian scrapers. Based on the quantities and types of associated artifacts we argue that these concentrations represent remains of Late Aztec maguey-fiber workshops that were household based. The workshops processed maguey fibers and made maguey spindle whorls in a range of sizes for spinning thin and thick threads and cordage. Secondary craft activities in one workshop included making cotton spindle whorls and some lapidary and figurine manufacturing. Maguey-fiber processing, spinning, and, presumably, weaving also took place in rural villages, but evidence of organized workshops has only been found at the urban center. The growth of the maguey-fiber industry at Otumba during the Late Postclassic period was part of a broader economic trend of production intensification in the northeastern Basin of Mexico that included xerophytic plant cultivation and craft specialization.

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Yu, Chenyang, Yuanfang Tan, Yu Zhou, Chuanxiang Zang y Chenglin Tu. "Can functional urban specialization improve industrial energy efficiency? Empirical evidence from China". Energy 261 (diciembre de 2022): 125167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125167.

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Niemi, Renita, Eelis Rytkönen, Robert Eriksson y Suvi Nenonen. "Scaling Spatial Transformation: Smart Specialization of Urban Capabilities in the Helsinki Region". Technology Innovation Management Review 5, n.º 10 (28 de octubre de 2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/936.

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Niemi, Renita, Eelis Rytkönen, Robert Eriksson y Suvi Nenonen. "Scaling Spatial Transformation: Smart Specialization of Urban Capabilities in the Helsinki Region". Technology Innovation Management Review 5, n.º 10 (28 de octubre de 2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview936.

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40

Koethe, John R., Richard D. Moore y Krystn R. Wagner. "Physician Specialization and Women's Primary Care Services in an Urban HIV Clinic". AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22, n.º 5 (mayo de 2008): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0032.

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41

Solo de Zaldívar, Erick, Víctor Montre-Águila y Francisco Maturana-Miranda. "Trayectorias de empleo y especialización económica en las comunas de la Región del Ñuble en 1982, 1992, 2002 y 2017". Revista Urbano 25, n.º 46 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.02.

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The goal of this study was to analyze the changes that have taken place in the economic sectors in the system of cities between 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017, alongside understanding the evolution and functional trajectory of employment in the Ñuble Region. The research approach is quantitative and applies a correlational design. The database was extracted from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017 censuses of the National Institute of Statistics (INE, in Spanish) using the REDATAM program. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R software, shown through tables, graphs, and cartographies. The results indicate a trend that diversifies the region’s economic branches, evolving from agriculture toward commerce, services, education, and construction. The specialization indexes show a trajectory towards the homogenization of tertiary sectors and that, in a small number of communes, the primary sector represents a relevant part of local activity. In addition, from the decrease in agricultural and industrial employment, it can be concluded that the different communes of the region have a primary and tertiary vocation, recognizing a co-evolution between the different economic branches.

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42

Salvati, Luca, Margherita Carlucci y Pere Serra. "Unraveling latent dimensions of the urban mosaic: A multi-criteria spatial approach to metropolitan transformations". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, n.º 1 (12 de octubre de 2017): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17736313.

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We investigated local-scale urban profiles by analysing the spatial structure of 124 territorial indicators to identify possibly relevant dimensions influencing urban evolution and promoting socioeconomic transformation. To assess patterns and processes of urban expansion, Athens (Greece) was taken as a prototype of metropolitan systems with a diversified morphology and entropic functions. Exploratory spatial data analysis identified six dimensions of urban evolution: population concentration, sprawl, social segregation, income growth, specialization in commerce/retail/logistics and industrial decline. Urban centres were profiled according to the dominant dimension(s). Cluster analysis identified the urban hierarchy in the Athens metropolitan region based on population density, highlighting more subtle gradients associated with settlement morphology, social diversification, local development and economic performance. The proposed methodology stems from the ‘factorial ecology' approach, providing a coherent overview of the recent transformations that impact dimensions of urban sustainability.

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43

Pardee, Gabriella L., Kimberly M. Ballare, John L. Neff, Lauren Q. Do, DianaJoyce Ojeda, Elisa J. Bienenstock, Berry J. Brosi et al. "Local and Landscape Factors Influence Plant-Pollinator Networks and Bee Foraging Behavior across an Urban Corridor". Land 12, n.º 2 (29 de enero de 2023): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020362.

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Given widespread concerns over human-mediated bee declines in abundance and species richness, conservation efforts are increasingly focused on maintaining natural habitats to support bee diversity in otherwise resource-poor environments. However, natural habitat patches can vary in composition, impacting landscape-level heterogeneity and affecting plant-pollinator interactions. Plant-pollinator networks, especially those based on pollen loads, can provide valuable insight into mutualistic relationships, such as revealing the degree of pollination specialization in a community; yet, local and landscape drivers of these network indices remain understudied within urbanizing landscapes. Beyond networks, analyzing pollen collection can reveal key information about species-level pollen preferences, providing plant restoration information for urban ecosystems. Through bee collection, vegetation surveys, and pollen load identification across ~350 km of urban habitat, we studied the impact of local and landscape-level management on plant-pollinator networks. We also quantified pollinator preferences for plants within urban grasslands. Bees exhibited higher foraging specialization with increasing habitat heterogeneity and visited fewer flowering species (decreased generality) with increasing semi-natural habitat cover. We also found strong pollinator species-specific flower foraging preferences, particularly for Asteraceae plants. We posit that maintaining native forbs and supporting landscape-level natural habitat cover and heterogeneity can provide pollinators with critical food resources across urbanizing ecosystems.

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44

Hodgen, Ch y K. Wuschke. "The Grass is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration and Specialization in Urban Greenspace Environs". Russian Journal of Economics and Law 17, n.º 3 (13 de septiembre de 2023): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2023.3.645-666.

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Objective: to identify the level of crime in urban greenspaces and their correclation with certain crime types.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.Results: greenspaces play an important role in the urban landscape, with prior research suggesting that they are associated with numerous health and social benefits for residents. Despite this, research conflicts regarding the relationship between greenspaces and crime, with some studies finding these locations to be criminogenic and others finding them to be protective against local crime. This study examines this relationship in Portland, Oregon, considering different greenspace types as well as different crime types.Scientific novelty: this study presents a novel methodological adaption to measure crime concentration and specialization around discrete location types by integrating a street network buffer into the standard Location Quotient (LQ) metric. Results suggest that Portland’s greenspaces as a whole do not experience a concentration of crime; however, varying patterns emerge when examining different greenspace and crime types. This study identifies diverse crime concentrations in proximity to small parks, while finding other greenspace categories to be associated with crime-specific concentrations nearby. Others, still, have lower than expected counts of crime concentrating nearby, potentially demonstrating protective trends. These results highlight the importance of disaggregating both crime and location types to better understand the complex relationship between greenspaces and crime.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to minimizing crime on the territory of urban green spaces. The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.orgFor original publication: Hodgen, Ch., & Wuschke, K. (2023). The Grass is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration and Specialization in Urban Greenspace Environs. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 24(1), 19–37.Publication URL: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/73940-the-grass-is-always-greener-analyzing-crime-concentration-andspecialization-in-urban-greenspace-environs

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Cota, Jorge Eduardo Mendoza. "Specialization, agglomeration and urban manufacturing growth in the northern border cities of Mexico". Journal of Borderlands Studies 16, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2001): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2001.9695575.

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Lin, Yatang. "Travel costs and urban specialization patterns: Evidence from China’s high speed railway system". Journal of Urban Economics 98 (marzo de 2017): 98–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2016.11.002.

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47

Carballo, David M. "Public Ritual and Urbanization in Central Mexico: Temple and Plaza Offerings from La Laguna, Tlaxcala". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 22, n.º 3 (25 de septiembre de 2012): 329–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774312000431.

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Urbanization of the world's first cities involved the social integration of greater scales of community membership as well as the social differentiation of individuals along the continua of wealth, power, and occupational specialization that define urban landscapes. This article considers the causal role of public ritual in these processes during the period of incipient urbanism in central Mexico (c. 600 BC–AD 100) by examining temple and plaza offerings at La Laguna, a town within an urbanizing cultural landscape whose inhabitants participated in the transformative exchanges that resulted in urban state capitals such as Teotihuacan.

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Panagiotakopoulos, Theodor, Fotis Lazarinis, Omiros Iatrellis, Antonia Stefani y Achilles Kameas. "A competency-based specialization course for smart city professionals". Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning 19 (31 de julio de 2023): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.58459/rptel.2024.19013.

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Intelligent technologies permeate all aspects of contemporary society and urban life. It is essential to educate the workforce of smart cities in order to effectively meet emerging technological demands. In this paper, we present an e-course that focuses on discrete competencies associated with different smart city roles. Initially, we present the conceptual learning framework for the development of the competency-based learning course and we define the objectives of the research. The paper continues with a discussion of the model’s application steps and an examination of the course’s skills, competencies, and roles. The acquired knowledge was measured using pre- and post-course tests, and questionnaires were used to investigate the relevance and quality of the learning material and the learning acquisition of the participants. Evaluation results showed that the course was relevant to the concept of smart cities, useful for their work duties, while participation in the course resulted in increased overall competency in all three smart city job profiles.

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Gad, Gunter. "OFFICE LOCATION DYNAMICS IN TORONTO: SUBURBANIZATION AND CENTRAL DISTRICT SPECIALIZATION". Urban Geography 6, n.º 4 (octubre de 1985): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.6.4.331.

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Berdan, Frances F. "FEATHERWORKING IN THE PROVINCES: A DISPERSED LUXURY CRAFT UNDER AZTEC HEGEMONY". Ancient Mesoamerica 27, n.º 1 (2016): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536115000358.

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AbstractElizabeth Brumfiel has made many contributions in the area of Aztec-period economic specialization. This article builds on her work by examining social and political contingencies on the production of fancy featherwork objects. It goes beyond the urban core and explores the impact of Aztec imperial conquest and tribute demands on the production and distribution of feathered objects in conquered regions.

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