Artículos de revistas: "Urban planning risk"

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Kim, Kwi-Gon. "Risk assessment in urban planning and management∗". Habitat International 14, n.º 1 (enero de 1990): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(90)90024-u.

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Ferreira, Tiago Miguel, Romeu Vicente, José António Raimundo Mendes da Silva, Humberto Varum, Aníbal Costa y Rui Maio. "Urban fire risk: Evaluation and emergency planning". Journal of Cultural Heritage 20 (julio de 2016): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.01.011.

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3

Wu, Jing, I. Shin Chang, Yuan Gong, Ming Min Shi y Yan Xia Yang. "Study on Urban Public Security Planning". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzo de 2013): 2451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2451.

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The aim of this research is to understand the progress of urban public security planning. In this study, through literature review and comprehensive analysis on related regulations, firstly the risks of public security were identifies and classified into four categories, including natural disasters, accidental disasters, public hygiene events, and social security events. Secondly the risk mechanism for urban public security was defined. Then the progress of theoretical research on urban public security was summarized.

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4

Lee, Sang-hyeok y Jung Eun Kang. "Urban Flood Vulnerability and Risk Assessments for Applying to Urban Planning". Journal of Korea Planning Association 53, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2018): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2018.10.53.5.185.

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Fasolino, Isidoro, Michele Grimaldi y Francesca Coppola. "Urban planning and environmental prevention of crime risk". TERRITORIO, n.º 97 (enero de 2022): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-097008.

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He, Yong xiu, Tao Luo, Jing Wang, Yue jin Wang y Ai ying Dai. "Risk analysis of urban network planning in China". International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 15, n.º 4 (2011): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijram.2011.042671.

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7

Savini, Federico. "Planning, uncertainty and risk: The neoliberal logics of Amsterdam urbanism". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, n.º 4 (22 de diciembre de 2016): 857–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16684520.

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Since the last decade, rising concern related to uncertainty in urban dynamics has encouraged alternative approaches to land development in order to reduce financial risks of public spending while stimulating new investments. In particular, municipalities are experimenting with more open-ended, incremental and co-produced forms of urbanism that aim to reform existent supply-led urban development models. This paper shows that these practices underlie a neoliberal reform of public spending and that they have important socio-political implications for urban welfare. By discussing the relation between uncertainty and risk, it shows that recent reforms of urban development policies do not reduce risk but rather reorganize it in two ways. First, by resizing the time horizon of action and prioritizing short-term delivery, and second, by simultaneously privatizing and collectivizing risk to individuals and public budgets. An in-depth analysis of recent reforms in Amsterdam public financing model is provided. This paper concludes that a risk-sensitive view of planning innovation is today necessary in order to address future socio-economic challenges of urban change.

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8

Gondwe, James, Mtafu Zeleza A. Manda y Dominic Kamlomo. "Discriminatory land use planning and flood risk management in Karonga Town, Malawi". Journal of Human Sciences 14, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2017): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4706.

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This study examines how discriminatory land use planning predisposes the low income residents to flood disaster risks in Karonga town, Malawi. Using a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten government and non government institutions engaged in land use planning and disaster risk management and traditional leaders. The study showed that theoretical aims of land use planning to improve the living environment remain partial and in certain cases exacerbate risks posed by floods because the planning tool divides the urban landscape into formal and informal spaces. Such separation which coincided with incomes levels forced the marginalised and urban poor to occupy flood-prone areas While literature on flood control promotes an integrated approach to flood risk management, land use planning practice is singled out as a regulatory measure which ironically not only fails to meet the needs, but also increases vulnerability to flood risks, of the urban poor residents. The study further revealed that land use planning has failed to reduce flood disaster risks in informal spaces because it is not compatible with the needs of the urban poor.

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Wang, Jing Min, Maimaitiaili Wufuer y Xiao Fan Guo. "Specific Risks Assessment of Resource-Based Urban Power Network Planning". Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (febrero de 2014): 1619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1619.

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Western resource-based city (WRC) develops rapidly under the develop-the-west and energy resource development strategy. Both of the economy growth and the resource exploitation will make greater demands on the science of power network planning. Therefore, urban power network planning will face more specific risks. Based on fuzzy membership theory, this paper studies the risk identification of WRC power network planning, and summarizes the key risks. Finally, we identify the risks from aspects of policy, economy, environment and load systematically, establish an evaluation index system of specific risks of WRC power network planning, and provide fundamental decisions for risk aversion of WRC power network.

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He, Xinyu, Chengpeng Jiang, Lishuai Li y Henk Blom. "A Simulation Study of Risk-Aware Path Planning in Mitigating the Third-Party Risk of a Commercial UAS Operation in an Urban Area". Aerospace 9, n.º 11 (3 de noviembre de 2022): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110682.

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UAS-based commercial services such as urban parcel delivery are expected to grow in the upcoming years and may lead to a large volume of UAS operations in urban areas. These flights may pose safety risks to persons and property on the ground, which are referred to as third-party risks. Path-planning methods have been developed to generate a nominal flight path for each UAS flight that poses relative low third-party risks by passing over less risky areas, e.g., areas with low-density unsheltered populations. However, it is not clear if risk minimization per flight works well in a commercial UAS operation that involves a large number of annual flights in an urban area. Recently, it has been shown that when using shortest flight path planning, a UAS-based parcel delivery service in an urban area can lead to society-critical third-party risk levels. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the mitigating effect of state-of-the-art risk-aware path planning on these society-critical third-party risk levels. To accomplish this, a third-party risk simulation using the shortest paths is extended with a state-of-the-art risk-aware path-planning method, and the societal effects on third-party risk levels have been assessed and compared to those obtained using shortest paths. The results show that state-of-the-art risk-aware path planning can reduce the total number of fatalities in an area, but at the cost of a critical increase in safety risks for persons living in areas that are favored by a state-of-the-art risk-aware path-planning method.

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11

Porta-Sancho, Juan R., Jesica T. Castillo-Rodríguez, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno y Sara Perales-Momparler. "The need for municipal action planning against flood risk: the risk-informed journey of the municipality of Oliva (Spain)". VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 1, n.º 2 (20 de diciembre de 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2016.6849.

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Society demands higher safety levels, including those actions related to urban planning and protection against natural hazards and manmade threats. Therefore, authorities respond to these demands through new regulatory and operational frameworks to cope with existing and future risks. The Spanish regulatory framework regarding flood risk management, based on the European context, defines the required procedures for emergency management, involving all authorities responsable for civil protection and urban planning. This framework requires all municipalities at medium or high flood risk to develop and implement local action plans against flood risk (PAMRI, by its acronym in Spanish), which must include a risk estimation, analysis and evaluation, along with the description of actions for a risk-informed urban planning and emergency management. The City Council of Oliva developed the corresponding plan, approved by the regional government in June 2016, including new aspects such as the figure of the Technical Director, and a comprehensive and quantitative flood risk analysis to support decisionmaking on emergency management and planning.

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12

Lu, Zhangwei, Lihua Xu, Yaqi Wu, Yijun Shi, Jinyang Deng y Xiaoqiang Shen. "The Impact of Risk Preference in Decision Behavior on Urban Expansion Morphology". Complexity 2021 (28 de enero de 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8341217.

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With the rapid development of urbanization, the urban expansion morphology has been changing with complex driving mechanisms behind the urban evolution process. This article simulates the results of urban land development contingent upon decision-makers’ risk preferences and reveals the inherent law of the effect of risk preferences on urban expansion morphology. Results show that cautious decision-makers lead to the urban expansion morphology being relatively compact, and the reckless decision-makers lead the urban expansion to sprawl. Moreover, there are obvious differences in strengths of planning constraints on the decision-makers with different risk preferences. The reckless decision-makers, driven by the economic interests, are more likely to break through the planning, especially when the planning is not reasonable. It is also found that enhancing executive ability of planning for the reckless decision-makers can promote compactness of the urban expansion morphology. However, the effect of enhancing executive ability of planning on the cautious decision-makers is limited. Thus, in the case of unreasonable planning, the executive ability of planning to the reckless decision-makers should be enhanced so as to avoid urban sprawl.

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13

Renn, Ortwin y Andreas Klinke. "A Framework of Adaptive Risk Governance for Urban Planning". Sustainability 5, n.º 5 (6 de mayo de 2013): 2036–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5052036.

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14

Bardjieva Miovska, Leta. "Risk analysis and strategic planning for managing urban security". Security Dialogues /Безбедносни дијалози 2 (2019): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47054/sd1920157bm.

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15

Pereira, Cláudia, Marcelo Miguez, Leandro Di Gregorio, Assed Haddad y Aline Verol. "Inundation Risk Index as an Urban Planning Supportive Tool". Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 8, n.º 2 (junio de 2020): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d7.0288.

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16

Motamed, Hooman, Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, Kambod Amini-Hosseini, Babak Mansouri y Bijan Khazai. "Earthquake risk–sensitive model for urban land use planning". Natural Hazards 103, n.º 1 (14 de mayo de 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03960-7.

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17

Snary, Christopher. "Understanding Risk: The Planning Officers' Perspective". Urban Studies 41, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000155678.

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18

Christenson, Nina, Jenni Koivisto, Erik Persson, Emelie Hindersson, Kristin Gustafsson y Andreas Pettersson. "Riskville - A Game for Learning about Disaster Risks and Urban Planning". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 36, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2018): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701803600303.

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Education plays a key role in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and in creating resilient societies worldwide by disseminating information about risks and in improving people's risk awareness. This, in turn, helps them to prepare, cope with and recover from possible disaster events, hence making the societies more resilient. This paper shortly presents the theoretical background and the rules of the game Riskville where the participants get to experience in a hands-on manner the connections and conflicts between urban planning, different interests and climate related risks. We conclude that Riskville promotes discussions on different perspectives on disaster risk and resilience and approaches in including them into urban planning.

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19

Park, Kiyong y Man-Hyung Lee. "The Development and Application of the Urban Flood Risk Assessment Model for Reflecting upon Urban Planning Elements". Water 11, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050920.

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As a city develops and expands, it is likely confronted with a variety of environmental problems. Although the impact of climate change on people has continuously increased in the past, great numbers of natural disasters in urban areas have become varied in terms of form. Among these urban disasters, urban flooding is the most frequent type, and this study focuses on urban flooding. In cities, the population and major facilities are concentrated, and to examine flooding issues in these urban areas, different levels of flooding risk are classified on 100 m × 100 m geographic grids to maximize the spatial efficiency during the flooding events and to minimize the following flooding damage. In this analysis, vulnerability and exposure tests are adopted to analyze urban flooding risks. The first method is based on land-use planning, and the building-to-land ratio. Using fuzzy approaches, the tests focus on risks. However, the latter method using the HEC-Ras model examines factors such as topology and precipitation volume. By mapping the classification of land-use and flooding, the risk of urban flooding is evaluated by grade-scales: green, yellow, orange, and red zones. There are two key findings and theoretical contributions of this study. First, the areas with a high flood risk are mainly restricted to central commercial areas where the main urban functions are concentrated. Additionally, the development density and urbanization are relatively high in these areas, in addition to the old center of urban areas. In the case of Changwon City, Euichang-gu and Seongsan-gu have increased the flood risk because of the high property value of commercial areas and high building density in these regions. Thus, land-use planning of these districts should be designed to reflect upon the different levels of flood risks, in addition to the preparation of anti-disaster facilities to mitigate flood damages in high flood risk areas. Urban flood risk analysis for individual land use districts would facilitate urban planners and managers to prioritize the areas with a high flood risk and to prepare responding preventive measures for more efficient flood management.

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Gebbeken, Norbert y Torsten Döge. "Explosion Protection—Architectural Design, Urban Planning and Landscape Planning". International Journal of Protective Structures 1, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.1.1.1.

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Mariano, Carmela. "Climate-Proof Planning for an Urban Regeneration Strategy". Academic Research Community publication 6, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v6i1.875.

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This paper deals with the issue of the relationship between climate change and the government’s land management policies, investigating how urban planning regulation may provide responses to the need for planning and designing the coastal urban settings affected by flooding phenomena as a consequence of gradual sea-level rise (SLR).In this frame of reference, comparison among the strategic planning experiences put into play in a variety of national and international settings suggests the urgency for policymakers to implement knowledge frameworks on planning instruments, in order to identify– as a prerequisite for defining site-specific design actions – the territorial settings affected by the phenomenon of flood risk.

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Mariano, Carmela. "Climate-Proof Planning for an Urban Regeneration Strategy". Academic Research Community publication 6, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v6i1.875.

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This paper deals with the issue of the relationship between climate change and the government’s land management policies, investigating how urban planning regulation may provide responses to the need for planning and designing the coastal urban settings affected by flooding phenomena as a consequence of gradual sea-level rise (SLR).In this frame of reference, comparison among the strategic planning experiences put into play in a variety of national and international settings suggests the urgency for policymakers to implement knowledge frameworks on planning instruments, in order to identify– as a prerequisite for defining site-specific design actions – the territorial settings affected by the phenomenon of flood risk.

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23

Kim, Youjung y Galen Newman. "Climate Change Preparedness: Comparing Future Urban Growth and Flood Risk in Amsterdam and Houston". Sustainability 11, n.º 4 (18 de febrero de 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041048.

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Rising sea levels and coastal population growth will increase flood risk of more people and assets if land use changes are not planned adequately. This research examines the efficacy of flood protection systems and land use planning by comparing Amsterdam in the Netherlands (renown for resilience planning methods), with the city of Houston, Texas in the US (seeking ways of increasing resilience due to extreme recent flooding). It assesses flood risk of future urban growth in lieu of sea level rise using the Land Transformation Model, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) land use prediction tool. Findings show that Houston has currently developed much more urban area within high-risk flood-prone zones compared to Amsterdam. When comparing predicted urban areas under risk, flood-prone future urban areas in Amsterdam are also relatively smaller than Houston. Finally, the increased floodplain when accounting for sea level rise will impact existing and future urban areas in Houston, but do not increase risk significantly in Amsterdam. The results suggest that the protective infrastructure used in the Netherlands has protected its future urban growth from sea level rise more adequately than has Houston.

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Scherbina, Elena V. y Ali Salmo. "Urban planning risks of losing cultural heritage". Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 12, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.4.

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Introduction. Cultural heritage: monuments, ensembles, buildings and structures, archaeological sites define the urban identity of a settlement, reflect the historical development path of the people and are one of the main priorities in urban development. Urban risks are considered as the possibility of something happening that has a negative impact on the sites, as well as any possible loss that affects the value of cultural heritage, which can be divided into several categories. Materials and methods. From the point of view of the Sets Theory, the description of changes in the totality of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, occurring as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors, which allows to determine the main risks of its loss, has been proposed. The suggested mathematical model serves as the basis for the development of information tools for identification, assessment and consideration of historical and cultural heritage in urban planning. Results. Based on a retrospective analysis of the historical development of Homs, a classification of cultural heritage sites has been proposed, and a diagram of the transformation of the collectivity of objects of tangible and intangible cultural heritage as a result of natural and human factors of the risk of their loss has been created. Conclusions. It was found that the highest risks of loss of immovable objects of cultural heritage include natural catastrophic processes and phenomena (earthquakes), and military conflicts. As a result of which, in particular in the city of Homs, a new local architectural style “Homsi” was formed to replace the Byzantine culture.

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Lityński, Piotr y Artur Hołuj. "Urban Sprawl Risk Delimitation: The Concept for Spatial Planning Policy in Poland". Sustainability 12, n.º 7 (26 de marzo de 2020): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072637.

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Urban sprawl is a process shaping the space of contemporary urban areas. The costs generated by this phenomenon force central and local authorities to adopt and implement a spatial policy limiting those costs. However, there is no method in Polish spatial policy that determines the extent of this phenomenon around cities, and thus identifies the area of intervention. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to propose a method of delimitation of urban areas at risk of urban sprawl. The proposed method of delimitation honors the characteristics of urban sprawl relating to spatial structure, socio-economic processes and efficiency of spatial policy. The method can be useful for conducting spatial policy aimed at reducing costs due to urban sprawl. It particularly pertains to the policy implemented at the central and regional level. Research results indicate that, in most Polish urban areas, delimitations used thus far designate too little of the area around core cities. Although the goals of reducing the negative consequences of urban sprawl are formulated at the level of national spatial policy, the methods of delimitation used thus far do not take into account the specificity of this phenomenon. Underestimating the extent of urban sprawl results in a lack of effectiveness of spatial policy due to the omission of specific areas in public intervention. This particularity is related to the fact that these are usually external areas—the most distant from the core city. These areas have the highest costs for urban sprawl. At the same time, these are areas in the early stages of spatial growth, in which a consistent spatial structure can still be kept while implementing proper spatial policy.

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Codosero Rodas, Cabezas Fernández, Naranjo Gómez y Castanho. "Risk Premium Assessment for the Sustainable Valuation of Urban Development Land: Evidence from Spain". Sustainability 11, n.º 15 (2 de agosto de 2019): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154191.

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One of the most important parameters in sustainable urban land valuation is the risk premium. Correct assessment of the risk premium is essential for sustainable valuation. Generally, it is estimated that traditional financial models or historic rates do not take into account the specific risk factors of an investment project. In this paper, we propose a sustainable model to obtain it. It is based on investment risk factors and the urban planning land development stages. We conducted a study in Badajoz, Spain, on four urban stages: first, land without an execution program; second, land with an execution program; third, land with reparceling; and fourth, fully developed and urbanized land. We calculated one different risk premium value for each urban stage. The results show that with this model, we can obtain the risk premium at any time during urban planning development. The urban stage is one of the most influential factors in the risk premium value. It decreases during urban planning development, and fully developed and urbanized land has a lower risk premium.

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Brandt, Sven Anders, Nancy Joy Lim, Johan Colding y Stephan Barthel. "Mapping Flood Risk Uncertainty Zones in Support of Urban Resilience Planning". Urban Planning 6, n.º 3 (19 de agosto de 2021): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4073.

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<p>River flooding and urbanization are processes of different character that take place worldwide. As the latter tends to make the consequences of the former worse, together with the uncertainties related to future climate change and flood-risk modeling, there is a need to both use existing tools and develop new ones that help the management and planning of urban environments. In this article a prototype tool, based on estimated maximum land cover roughness variation, the slope of the ground, and the quality of the used digital elevation models, and that can produce flood ‘uncertainty zones’ of varying width around modeled flood boundaries, is presented. The concept of uncertainty, which urban planners often fail to consider in the spatial planning process, changes from something very difficult into an advantage in this way. Not only may these uncertainties be easier to understand by the urban planners, but the uncertainties may also function as a communication tool between the planners and other stakeholders. Because flood risk is something that urban planners always need to consider, these uncertainty zones can function both as buffer areas against floods, and as blue-green designs of significant importance for a variety of ecosystem services. As the Earth is warming and the world is urbanizing at rates and scales unprecedented in history, we believe that new tools for urban resilience planning are not only urgently needed, but also will have a positive impact on urban planning.</p>

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Maragno, Denis, Carlo Federico dall’Omo, Gianfranco Pozzer y Francesco Musco. "Multi-Risk Climate Mapping for the Adaptation of the Venice Metropolitan Area". Sustainability 13, n.º 3 (27 de enero de 2021): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031334.

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Climate change risk reduction requires cities to undertake urgent decisions. One of the principal obstacles that hinders effective decision making is insufficient spatial knowledge frameworks. Cities climate adaptation planning must become strategic to rethink and transform urban fabrics holistically. Contemporary urban planning should merge future threats with older and unsolved criticalities, like social inequities, urban conflicts and “drosscapes”. Retrofitting planning processes and redefining urban objectives requires the development of innovative spatial information frameworks. This paper proposes a combination of approaches to overcome knowledge production limits and to support climate adaptation planning. The research was undertaken in collaboration with the Metropolitan City of Venice and the Municipality of Venice, and required the production of a multi-risk climate atlas to support their future spatial planning efforts. The developed tool is a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), which aids adaptation actions and the coordination of strategies. The model recognises and assesses two climate impacts: Urban Heat Island and Flooding, representing the Metropolitan City of Venice (CMVE) as a case study in complexity. The model is composed from multiple assessment methodologies and maps both vulnerability and risk. The atlas links the morphological and functional conditions of urban fabrics and land use that triggers climate impacts. The atlas takes the exposure assessment of urban assets into account, using this parameter to describe local economies and social services, and map the uneven distribution of impacts. The resulting tool is therefore a replicable and scalable mapping assessment able to mediate between metropolitan and local level planning systems.

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Chmutina, Ksenia, Tamar Ganor y Lee Bosher. "Role of urban design and planning in disaster risk reduction". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 167, n.º 3 (junio de 2014): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/udap.13.00011.

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Taillandier, Franck y Denys Breysse. "Decision aiding for lower soil risk in urban planning operation". Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 33, n.º 4 (26 de septiembre de 2016): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2016.1236595.

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Vicente, Romeu, Tiago Ferreira y Rui Maio. "Seismic Risk at the Urban Scale: Assessment, Mapping and Planning". Procedia Economics and Finance 18 (2014): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00915-0.

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Torres, Haroldo Da Gama y Eduardo Cesar Marques. "Reflexões sobre a hiperperiferia: novas e velhas faces da pobreza no entorno municipal". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, n.º 4 (31 de mayo de 2001): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p49.

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O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar os principais resultados analíticos de uma aplicação de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica ao planejamento urbano. O trabalho centra-se na apresentação de diversas cartografias exploratórias relacionadas a variáveis demográficas, de risco urbano e de acesso a políticas públicas. Os resultados apontam para a superposição, em determinados setores censitários do município, de condições de extrema pobreza e risco urbanos, indicando a presença de fortes efeitos cumulativos de riscos urbanos e precariedade socioeconômica. Essa cumulatividade parece ser mais grave do que a indicada pela literatura: identificamos uma periferia mais heterogênea do que se considera comumente, incluindo espaços bem servidos e inseridos na malha urbana, e outros cuja população está submetida a condições talvez mais adversas do que a das periferias das décadas passadas.Palavras-chave: espaço urbano; condições de vida; periferia; população e meio ambiente; risco ambiental; segregação socioespacial. Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the main analytical findings of the application of GIS techniques to urban planning in Mauá, São Paulo. The paper is centre on several types of exploratory cartography related to demography, urban risk and accessibility to public policies in the 1990s. In certain census sectors of the municipality, the results show a superimposition of extreme poverty and urban risk conditions, pointing to the existence of very strong cumulative effects of urban risk and precarious socio-economic conditions. This cumulative effect seems to be more important than that indicated by the academic literature: a much more heterogeneous urban periphery than is commonly considered was identified, including areas that are very well served and included in social and urban terms, as well as others in which the population is submitted to more adverse conditions than those that characterised the metropolitan peripheries of previous decades. Keywords: urban space; living conditions; urban periphery; population and environment environmental risk; socio-spatial segregation.

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33

Mariano, Carmela, Marsia Marino, Giovanna Pisacane y Gianmaria Sannino. "Sea Level Rise and Coastal Impacts: Innovation and Improvement of the Local Urban Plan for a Climate-Proof Adaptation Strategy". Sustainability 13, n.º 3 (2 de febrero de 2021): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031565.

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In recent years, the territorial impacts connected to sea level rise have prompted a reflection on the responsibilities of policy makers in transposing these issues into urban agendas. The need also emerged to both broaden and update the skills of urban planners and to improve territorial governance tools, with the aim of developing feasible regeneration and resilience strategies to face climate change. In this paper, a methodology for the production of Flood Risk Maps is presented, as applied to the Municipality of Ravenna, Italy, by only considering the static component of inundation hazard, i.e., the projected Mean Sea Level Rise, as a first step towards increased preparedness. The resulting Flood Risk Maps represent, in fact, an innovation with respect to the current cognitive framework that supports local urban planning, by providing information on a potential risk that has so far been overlooked. The method combines sea level rise projections under the pessimistic RCP8.5 scenario with georeferenced territorial data, aiming to identify the physical consistency of the urban-structure components which are potentially at risk. For successive time horizons (2030, 2050 and 2100), our results show the progressive impairment and potential degradation of extensive urban areas that are disregarded in the urban planning regulations currently in force. This preliminary evaluation phase is aimed at prompting and supporting the necessary updating of the planning tools and regulations adopted by the public bodies responsible for territorial governance, by identifying priority areas for intervention, and helping define mitigation and adaptation actions.

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Nascimento, Lucas Albuquerque do, Thiago Augusto da Silva, Kalinny Patrícia Vaz Lafayette, Michele Joyce Pereira dos Santos y Ariela Rocha Cavalcanti. "Urbanização desordenada e degradação ambiental associados a escorregamentos: uma abordagem metodológica para análise temporal de ocupações subnormais". Ciência e Natura 42 (3 de diciembre de 2020): e81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41198.

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The evolutionary dynamics of urban centers is conditioned by several economic and socio-environmental factors. When these factors interrelate unevenly, which is often motivated by interference from competent public agencies, give rise to urban and social problems such as irregular occupations, generating high environmental risks. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental risks levels that affect a set of slopes of the municipality of Olinda / PE, through a methodological approach centered on temporal analyzes of land occupation. The research was developed with vectorization of images and orthophotocards from 1974 to 2018 and qualitative analysis of risk levels through a cause and consequence matrix. Vectorization demonstrated critical results of plant suppression and urban spot growth, with about -63.59% and + 890%, respectively. The resulting matrix showed a high negative balance for environmental risk levels. Thus, the study demonstrates that the anthropogenic interference that shaped the region conditions a series of social and environmental impacts and that the planning and diagnosis of risk levels is an essential planning tool for intervention in these locations.

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Xin, Jiaxing, Jun Yang, Yipeng Jiang, Zhipeng Shi, Cui Jin, Xiangming Xiao, Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia y Ruxin Yang. "Variations of Urban Thermal Risk with Local Climate Zones". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2023): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043283.

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Due to the differences in land cover and natural surroundings within cities, residents in various regions face different thermal risks. Therefore, this study combined multi-source data to analyze the relationship between urban heat risk and local climate zones (LCZ). We found that in downtown Shenyang, the building-type LCZ was mainly found in urban centers, while the natural- type LCZ was mainly found in suburbs. Heat risk was highest in urban centers, gradually decreasing along the suburban direction. The thermal risk indices of the building-type LCZs were significantly higher than those of the natural types. Among the building types of LCZs, LCZ 8 (open middle high-rise) had the highest average thermal risk index (0.48), followed by LCZ 3 (0.46). Among the natural types of LCZs, LCZ E (bare rock and paved) and LCZ F (bare soil and sand) had the highest thermal risk indices, reaching 0.31 and 0.29, respectively. This study evaluated the thermal risk of the Shenyang central urban area from the perspective of LCZs and combined it with high-resolution remote sensing data to provide a reference for thermal risk mitigation in future urban planning.

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Rosa, Angela, Angela Santangelo y Simona Tondelli. "Investigating the Integration of Cultural Heritage Disaster Risk Management into Urban Planning Tools. The Ravenna Case Study". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (16 de enero de 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020872.

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As increasingly recognized by scholars, climate change is posing new challenges in the field of disaster risk management and urban planning. Even though cultural heritage has passed through decades and centuries, it has never experienced such unexpected and variable events as those forecasted by climate change for the foreseeable future, making it a sensitive element of the living environment. By selecting the city of Ravenna and the cultural heritage site of the Santa Croce Church and archaeological area as a case study, the paper aims at providing an insight into the role that urban planning tools have when it comes to improving the resilience of historical areas, coping with climate change through improvements to the disaster risk management of cultural heritage. Starting from a deep analysis of the existing spatial and urban planning tools that operate at different scales on the Ravenna territory, the adaptive capacity of the historical area toward the identified risks was assessed. The results may lead, on the one hand, to improving the integration of cultural heritage risk management into urban planning tools; on the other hand, they contribute to improving the scope and the governance of the heritage management plans in order to cope with climate change risks and their effects.

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Yaman Galantini, Zeynep Deniz y Azime Tezer. "Resilient urban planning process in question: Istanbul case". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2016-0038.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe an updated urban planning process to expose a theoretical model bridging the resilience concept and urban planning, and then it explains this process through Istanbul case. Design/methodology/approach A hypothetical framework is proposed based on the three different but complementary aspects of resilience which are identified as “resilience to what”, “resilience where” and “resilience how”, as well as “five elements process” referring the upgraded components of urban planning processes. Additionally, the methodology conducted to figure out a resilient urban planning process is listed as an expert opinion survey, a two-stage policy Delphi survey, public opinion survey and multi-criteria analysis. Findings It is possible to apply this process in many different case studies for various scales and temporalities for coping with the key vulnerabilities and promote the administrative response capacity. Research limitations/implications Considering size of the study area and the unclarified roles of urban authorities, it is difficult to have a consensus on the key vulnerabilities and the prior urban policies. Originality/value The proposed process is beneficial in addressing the most prominent vulnerabilities and developing capacity to manage unexpected changes, through the collaborative decisions of a wide range of urban planning authorities. Depending on the severity of the disturbances, applying this process to identify changing priorities can be a crucial policy, both for long- or short-term urban policy-making, for further studies.

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Timalsina, Krishna Prasad y Bhim Prasad Subedi. "Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal". Journal of Geographical Research 5, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4544.

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Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal. The open spaces are not only important for (re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management, particularly for dense cities. As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly, the cities lack sufficient open space. However, the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief, treatment, recovery, and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake. With this background, this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices, particularly reviewing Periodic Plans, Integrated Urban Development Plan, Smart City Plan, and Land Development Plan. The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability. Therefore, it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography, landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

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Priemus, Hugo y Piet Rietveld. "Climate Change, Flood Risk and Spatial Planning". Built Environment 35, n.º 4 (7 de diciembre de 2009): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.35.4.425.

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40

Truu, Murel, Ivar Annus, Janet Roosimägi, Nils Kändler, Anatoli Vassiljev y Katrin Kaur. "Integrated Decision Support System for Pluvial Flood-Resilient Spatial Planning in Urban Areas". Water 13, n.º 23 (25 de noviembre de 2021): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233340.

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Flood-resilient spatial planning in urban areas involves designing and implementing structural and nonstructural measures. For the latter, urban planners apply a precautionary principle, which is normally not grounded in the actual performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This approach, however, fails during weather extremes with heavy precipitation. This paper presents a new concept for reducing pluvial flood risks in the urban planning process. The novelty of the developed planning support system named Extreme Weather Layer (EWL) is that it creates dynamic interlinkages between land developments, the performance of UDS, and other factors that contribute to flood risk. The EWL is built on the digital twin of the existing UDS and delivers an easy-to-use concept, where the end user can analyze hydraulic modelling results interlinked with climate scenarios using the GIS platform. This allows planning specialists to consider land use and soil types in the urban environment to simulate the response of the storm water system and the catchments to different rainfall events. This proposed approach was piloted in Haapsalu (Estonia) and Söderhamn (Sweden). The resulting planning support system, which performs as a set of layers within municipalities’ GIS, allows decision makers to understand and predict the impact of various spatial planning decisions on the pluvial flood risk.

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Wamsler, Christine. "Integrating Risk Reduction, Urban Planning and Housing: Lessons From El Salvador". Open House International 31, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0009.

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Increasingly, attention has been given to the need to mainstream risk reduction in development work in order to reduce the vulnerability of the urban poor. Using El Salvador as a case study, the paper analyses the mainstreaming process in the developmental disciplines of urban planning and housing. The overall aim is to identify how the existing separation between risk reduction, urban planning and housing can be overcome and integration achieved. Since Hurricane Mitch in 1998, and especially after the 2001 earthquakes, not only relief and development organisations, but also social housing organisations have initiated a shift to include risk reduction in their fields of action in order to address the underlying causes of urban vulnerability. The factors that triggered the process were: 1) the negative experiences of organisations with non-integral projects, 2) the organisations' increased emphasis on working with municipal development, 3) political changes at national level, and more importantly, 4) the introduction and promotion of the concept of risk reduction by international and regional aid organisations. However, required additional knowledge and institutional capacities were mainly built up independently and internally by each organisation, and not through the creation of co-operative partnerships, thus duplicating efforts and increasing ineffective competition. Whilst positive experience has been gained through the implementation of more integral projects, the creation of adequate operational, organisational, institutional and legal frameworks is still in its initial stage. Unfortunately, four years after the 2001 earthquakes, emergency relief funding for post-disaster risk reduction is coming to an end without the allocation of resources for following up and consolidating the initial process. Based on the findings, an integral model is proposed which shows how mainstreaming risk reduction in urban planning and housing could be dealt with in such a way that it becomes more integrated, inclusive and sustainable within a developmental context.

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Perera, U. T. G., Chandula De Zoysa, A. A. S. E. Abeysinghe, Richard Haigh, Dilanthi Amaratunga y Ranjith Dissanayake. "A Study of Urban Planning in Tsunami-Prone Areas of Sri Lanka". Architecture 2, n.º 3 (23 de agosto de 2022): 562–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture2030031.

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Tsunamis pose significant challenges for disaster reduction efforts due to the multi-hazard, cascading nature of these events, including a range of different potential triggering and consequential hazards. Although infrequent, they have the potential to cause devastating human and economic losses. Effective urban planning has been recognised as an important strategy for reducing disaster risk in cities. However, there have been limited studies on urban planning for tsunami-prone areas, and there have been wide ranging strategies adopted globally. This is an international study aimed at exploring the status of urban planning in tsunami areas and better understanding potential urban planning strategies to reduce disaster risk in coastal regions. Drawing upon the work of an international collaborative research team, in this article, we present the findings of a systematic review of the urban planning literature. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 56 papers were selected, and three guiding questions informed the review. Further empirical investigations were carried out in Sri Lanka by a local research team, including twelve semi-structured interviews with representatives from agencies in urban planning, construction, and disaster management, and a focus group representing town and country planning, architecture, structural engineering, disaster management, landscape and geospatial planning, building services, green buildings and infrastructure and environmental management fields. The combined analysis reveals insights into the characteristics of the literature, as well as the nature of existing strategies for urban planning in tsunami-prone areas, grouped into six broad themes: community participation, spatial planning, soft and hard engineering;,evacuation planning, and resilience thinking. The findings also reveal limitations in existing strategies, including their failure to address multi-hazard threats and systemic risk, as well as inadequate community participation, and limited access to timely disaster risk information. The findings are used to inform an initial model of urban planning strategies in tsunami-prone areas that can be used before a hazard event occurs, during and in the immediate response to a hazard event, and during recovery and reconstruction following a disaster.

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Swart, Rob, Wim Timmermans, Jos Jonkhof y Hasse Goosen. "From Urban Façade to Green Foundation: Re-Imagining the Garden City to Manage Climate Risks". Urban Planning 6, n.º 4 (14 de octubre de 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4360.

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<div><p>Climate risk management evolves rapidly from one additional challenge for urban planning into a radical driver of urban development. In addition to fundamental changes in urban planning to increase long-term resilience, the creation of new opportunities for sustainable transformation is imperative. While urban planners increasingly add climate risks to their menu, implementation of effective action is lagging. To reduce urban infrastructure’s vulnerability to heat and flooding, cities often rely on short-term incremental adjustments rather than considering longer-term transformative solutions. The transdisciplinary co-development of inspiring urban visions with local stakeholders over timescales of decades or more, can provide an appealing prospect of the city we desire—a city that is attractive to live and work in, and simultaneously resilient to climate hazards. Taking an historic perspective, we argue that re-imagining historical urban planning concepts, such as the late 19<sup>th</sup>-century garden city until early 21st century urban greening through nature-based solutions, is a pertinent example of how climate risk management can be combined with a wide-range of socio-economic and environmental goals. Climate knowledge has expanded rapidly over the last decades. However, climate experts mainly focus on the refinement of and access to observations and model results, rather than on translating their knowledge effectively to meet today’s urban planning needs. In this commentary we discuss how the two associated areas (urban planning and climate expertise) should be more fully integrated to address today’s long-term challenges effectively.</p></div>

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Fuentealba, Ricardo, Hebe Verrest y Joyeeta Gupta. "Planning for Exclusion: The Politics of Urban Disaster Governance". Politics and Governance 8, n.º 4 (10 de diciembre de 2020): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3085.

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Many disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives, including land use planning, tend to ignore existing long-term inequalities in urban space. Furthermore, scholars working on urban disaster governance do not adequately consider how day-to-day DRR governing practices can (re)produce these. Hence, following a recent interest in the political dimensions of disaster governance, this article explores under what conditions the implementation of DRR land uses (re)produce spatial injustice on the ground. We develop a theoretical framework combining politics, disaster risk, and space, and apply it to a case study in Santiago, Chile. There, after a landslide disaster in the city’s foothills in 1993, a multi-level planning arrangement implemented a buffer zone along the bank of a ravine to protect this area from future disasters. This buffer zone, however, transformed a long-term established neighbourhood, splitting it into a formal and an informal area remaining to this day. Using qualitative data and spatial analysis, we describe the emergence, practices, and effects of this land use. While this spatial intervention has proactively protected the area, it has produced further urban exclusion and spatial deterioration, and reproduced disaster risks for the informal households within the buffer zone. We explain this as resulting from a governance arrangement that emerged from a depoliticised environment, enforcing rules unevenly, and lacking capacities and unclear responsibilities, all of which could render DRR initiatives to be both spatially unjust and ineffective. We conclude that sustainable and inclusive cities require paying more attention to the implementation practices of DRR initiatives and their relation to long-term inequities.

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Fallanca, Concetta. "Planning Metropolitan Scenarios for the Strait Area". Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (junio de 2014): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.209.

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The common thread that links Reggio and Messina can be intended for the two cities to grow stronger and tie, with the alliance of Villa San Giovanni, moving towards advanced urban quality and performance. Time seems ripe to fulfill set evoked forty-five years ago with Project 80 for a new type of urban civilization towards a metropolitan scale because only high urban ranks could be considered able to provide goods and services that belong to a civilized society.The irresistible charm the City on the Strait has, is probably due to an extraordinary liquid significance to be considered as a primary infrastructure.The City of the Strait is not to be seen as a city that gets bigger, or two or three cities that become one; it is a city with solid and liquid ways, with significant urban parts that also interact visually, that wisely integrate and re-know in a richer and more complex territorial identity.The growing presence of the territorial risk dimension has to push for the need to innovate the forms and practices of urban planning, basing the plans and the projects for the city on risk prevention, building to offer itself to the widest dimension of the Mediterranean basin as a privileged point of observation about seismic hazard assessment.

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Sroka, Bartłomiej. "APPLICATIVENESS OF RISK INFORMATION IN POLISH SPATIAL SYSTEM: LANDSLIDES IN LOCAL SPATIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS". space&FORM 2020, n.º 44 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2020.44.c-05.

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Natural hazards’ information is an obligatory element of planning acts in Poland, such as areas exposed to mass movements and flood occurrence. The paper presents provisions and manners applied in urban planning and design practise in Lesser Poland (Małopolska), region with vast share of landslides in Poland. Discussion leads to evaluation of risk management legal factors in design process, urban planning and accomplishment of building permission.

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DiValli, Jesse y Tracy Perkins. "‘They know they’re not coming back’: resilience through displacement in the riskscape of Southwest Washington, DC". Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 13, n.º 2 (julio de 2020): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa012.

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Abstract The lack of a strong national US strategy to respond to the threat of climate change places significant responsibility on urban areas to mitigate their risks through resilience planning. However, urban riskscapes include a complex and unequal layering of risks, with historically disadvantaged populations often bearing the brunt of many forms of cumulative risk while realising the fewest benefits from urban amenities. This article contributes to scholarship on resilience planning through an analysis of current development plans and resident perceptions in a neighbourhood in Southwest Washington, DC, by integrating insights on social inequality from the study of urban development, social capital and riskscapes.

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Yu, Insang, Kiyong Park y Eui Hoon Lee. "Flood Risk Analysis by Building Use in Urban Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation". Sustainability 13, n.º 23 (24 de noviembre de 2021): 13006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313006.

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In this study, focusing on buildings as the smallest unit of urban space, the distribution characteristics of risk factors were examined by building use as an adaptable measure for urban flooding disasters. Flood risk is calculated as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The flood risk for a building was classified into five classes, and the distribution characteristics of buildings were examined according to England’s flood risk vulnerability classification system, known as Planning Policy Statement 25 (PPS25). After analyzing the risk of flooding in Ulsan Metropolitan City, one of Korea’s representative urban areas, it was found that while Dong-gu District can be considered relatively safe, districts of Jung-gu and Nam-gu, as well as Ulju-gun, have highly vulnerable buildings with red and orange ratings, which include motor vehicles-related facilities, education and welfare facilities, and residential facilities. There has been evidence to prove that urban flood disaster affects topography and the environment, in addition to having a significant effect on adaptability depending on the facility groups that resulted from urbanization. This study is expected to serve as a scientific database for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation to floods during land-use planning, which would eventually allow for systematic management of high-risk buildings through verification of location suitability of buildings by facility group.

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49

Vona, Marco. "Proactive Actions Based on a Resilient Approach to Urban Seismic Risk Mitigation". Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 14, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2020): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010321.

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Background: Seismic risk mitigation is an important issue in earthquake-prone countries, and needs to be solved in those complex communities governed by complex processes, where urban planning, socioeconomic dynamics, and, often, the need to preserve cultural assets are present simultaneously. In recent years, due to limited financial resources, mitigation activities have often been limited to post-earthquake events, and only a few in periods of inactivity, particularly in urban planning. At this point, a significant change in point of view is necessary. Methods: The seismic risk mitigation (and more generally, natural risk mitigation) must be considered as the main topic in urban planning and in the governance of communities. In fact, in several recent earthquakes, significant socioeconomic losses have been caused by the low or lack of resilience of the communities. This is mainly due to the high vulnerability of private buildings, in particular, housing units. Results: Therefore, in recent years, several studies have been conducted on the seismic resilience of communities. However, significant improvements are still needed for the resilience assessment of the housing stock, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study, which is applied to the housing system, a proposal regarding a change in urban planning and emergency management tools based on the concept of resilience is reported. As a first application, a case study in Italy is considered. Conclusion: The proposal is focused on defining and quantifying the improvement of the resilience of the communities and this must be obtained by modifying the current Civil Protection plan. New tools are based on a new resilience community plan by encompassing urban planning tools, resilient mitigation strategies, and consequently, emergency management planning.

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Steenkamp, Jorinda, Elizelle Juanee Cilliers, Sarel Stephanus Cilliers y Louis Lategan. "Food for Thought: Addressing Urban Food Security Risks through Urban Agriculture". Sustainability 13, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2021): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031267.

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Food and nutrition security has been neglected in the planning field for reasons of a lack of connection between food and planning and the perception that agricultural activities have no place in the modernizing world. However, considering increasing climate change impacts and implications on industrialized agriculture, there is a clear need to establish shorter, more sustainable agricultural production practices and food supply chains. Urban agriculture is proposed as a potential method of intervention for planners to support sustainable food production and supply chains. The paper utilized a multiple-case study design to analyze four best practice examples of urban agriculture in the Global South to uncover its potential to address food security associated risks and contribute to sustainable development objectives. The results delivered evidence of the potential to harness the multifunctionality of urban agriculture to not only improve the food security of the most at-risk populations, but to also address other urban risks such as unemployment, community decline and food deserts. The recommendations for this paper relate to establishing a food security department, mapping and encouraging more sustainable food supply chains, creating land uses and zonings specific to urban agriculture and to utilize its multifunctionality to address other urban risks.

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