Tesis sobre el tema "University vocational training"

Thesis( Master of Education(Education)-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
I decided to undertake this study because as the RPL specialist, I noticed a discrepancy between the interpretation of knowledge presented as part of a RPL application and the interpretation of that knowledge claim by the academic staff members involved in the assessment. Knowledge claim is the phenomenon that this study is about and I am attempting to answer these two questions: 1. What are the similarities and/or differences in the knowledge claims made by RPL applicants and the knowledge claims recognised by the academics in the RPL process for access into the BTech in Project Management at the institution? 2. How valid is RPL as a means of access to the BTech: Project Management programme at the institution? For my study I developed a theoretical framework that consists of two components: the knowledge claims made by the RPL Applicants before they were given access to the University and the academics’ interpretation of the RPL assessment. The second component is the knowledge claim made by the RPL applicants as students after they were admitted to the University and the academics’ interpretation of their performance. These two components were further developed using concepts such as recontextualization, tacit and explicit knowledge, the usefulness of theory and cognitive ability.I analysed the RPL theories within the context for before Higher Education and after Higher Education. I then proceed to discuss the development of knowledge in the workplace and in the academia using the same breakdown.

Submitted to the Faculty of Theology and Religion Studies in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Theology in the Department of Systematic Theology and History of Christianity at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2000.
The thesis commences by describing the establishment of ethnic university colleges, including the University College of Zululand, during 1959. In more detail the establishment of a department of Theological Studies in 1964, followed by a faculty of Theology in 1970, is discussed. Chapter 2 discusses the professional training activities of the Faculty of Theology in co-operation with accredited theological institutions. The thesis relates how the Faculty moved from co-operation with Dutch Reformed Church institutions to practising an open door policy. Chapter 3 records and discusses the contribution of the Faculty of Theology to vocational training at the main campus, Durban-Umlazi campus and at the accredited colleges. It discusses the history and content of theological degrees, the position and impact of Biblical Studies and Method of Biblical Studies, extramural and extracurricular training as well as student unrest. The chapter also supplies details of the staff of the Faculty of Theology and finally gives a list of graduandi of the various years. Chapter 4 discusses in detail the research and publication activities of the Faculty. The discussion also covers the impressive work done by NERMIC, the University research unit for the study of New Religious Movements and Independent/Indigenous Churches. Chapter 5 highlights the spiritual support supplied by the Faculty through the Council of Supervision for the Ministry to Students, interdenominational services, the University chaplaincy, commemorative services, student societies, prayer meetings and individual Faculty members. Chapter 6 looks at the crucial question of the viability of the Faculty of Theology from a historical perspective, while weighing up its chances of survival in the light of the present situation. Chapter 7 rounds off the study with a resume and some concluding remarks.

This degree project has three aims. First, it will investigate students’ attitudes towards reading novels in English and how their motivation for reading differs whether they attend vocational or university-preparatory programs.  In order to investigate this, a total of 73 students were asked to participate in the implementation of a questionnaire. Second, this degree project sets out to study if there are differences in how four teachers approach reading novels in English and third, it will study how these four teachers motivate their students in their studies. This part of the investigation was conducted by performing qualitative interviews with each of the teacher informants. The theoretical framework of this degree project has its basis in the theories regarding cultural capital by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The results show that there are clear divisive lines between the attitudes and the motivation of students depending on which program they attend and that these divisions can be attributed in part to students’ social background. The results also indicate that teachers are aware of these differences and approach reading novels in the classroom accordingly.

Nigerian policy is inconsistent with regard to the promotion of entrepreneurship among young adults in Anambra State that would serve as a guide to becoming self-employed. Most young adults in Anambra State lack information on entrepreneurial characteristics to become self-employed. The issues confronting Anambra State as a result of youth unemployment include increase in crime rate, drug abuse, kidnapping, and suicide rate. Guided by the human capital theory, the purpose of this case study was to explore the entrepreneurship strategies that young adults in Anambra State needed to become self-employed after graduating from universities. Twenty youth entrepreneurs participated in the individual interviews, 5 participated in a focus group, and 5 policymakers participated in another individual interview. Data were coded and analyzed using Yin's 5 step procedure involving compiling, assembling, analysing, dissembling and repeating the entire process three times until the themes emerged. The emerging themes were mentorship, vocational training, and ad-hoc programs. These findings revealed that youth who participated in these programs (mentorship, vocational training and ad-hoc) obtained entrepreneurial strategies and consequently ran more profitable enterprises than those who did not. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to policymakers to expand the mentoring program among young adults and introduce vocational education that could enhance employment rate, thereby improving the standard of living, and create educational programs for university students with the expectation that upon graduation they may be able to develop businesses that may lead to the creation of employment and empower young entrepreneurs towards national growth and development.

Introdução: A extensão universitária é uma das atribuições da universidade. Acredita-se que os projetos de extensão representem um instrumento de formação de profissionais aptos para atuar na perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde preconizada pelo SUS. Nesse contexto, o enfoque da Promoção da Saúde para olhar estas intervenções na área da saúde é pertinente para verificar as potencialidades de tais atividades. Objetivos: Analisar as atividades de extensão universitária desenvolvidas em três unidades da USP - Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Saúde Pública e Escola de Enfermagem -, sob o enfoque da Promoção da Saúde e conhecer a percepção de professores e estudantes quanto à contribuição da extensão universitária em saúde na formação profissional dos estudantes participantes. Material e Métodos: Foram identificadas e quantificadas as atividades de extensão realizadas entre 2005 e 2009. Em seguida, foi feita análise documental dos projetos selecionados (Projeto Assunção, Projeto Bandeira Científica e Jornada Universitária de Saúde) e entrevistados seus professores coordenadores e estudantes participantes. Resultados: A quantidade de projetos foi menor em relação às outras categorias de atividades de extensão universitária existentes. O projeto Assunção foi o que apresentou mais aproximações e convergências com a perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde. Professores e estudantes destacaram as contribuições dos projetos de extensão para a formação profissional. Conclusão: Os projetos de extensão são importantes instrumentos na formação de profissionais aptos para atuar com a perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde junto ao Sistema Único de Saúde
Introduction: The extension is one of the powers of the university. It is believed that the extension projects are a training tool for professionals able to work in the perspective of health promotion proposed by SUS. In this context, the focus of Health Promotion to look at these interventions in health is relevant for evaluating the potential of such activities. Objectives: To analyze university extension activities carried out in three units of USP - Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health and School of Nursing - under the focus of Health Promotion and know the perception of teachers and students on the contribution of university extension health professional training of participating students. Material and Methods: We identified and quantified the extent of activities carried out between 2005 and 2009. Then was documentary analysis of selected projects (Projeto Assunção, Projeto Bandeira Científica e Projeto Jornada Universitária de Saúde) and interviewed their teachers and coordinators participating students. Results: The number of projects were low in relation to other categories of existing university outreach activities. The project was the assumption that showed more similarities and convergences with the perspective of Health Promotion Faculty and students emphasized the contributions of the extension projects for vocational training. Conclusion: The extension projects are important tools in training professionals able to act with the prospect of Health Promotion by the Sistema Único de Saúde

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Based on a number of comprehensive international studies conducted in the past three decades as well as various other national surveys and reports, it is reasonable to argue that a focus on mere academic disciplinary knowledge is not sufficient to meet employers’ and students’ expectations about higher education studies. These studies support arguments of preparing students for today’s rapidly changing and highly competitive labour markets, for periods of unemployment in terms of economic downturn, and for lifelong learning. Moreover, the literature suggests that the so-called discrepancy between the needs of the world of work and those offered by higher education could possibly be addressed by placing a more pertinent focus on the development of graduate attributes. Despite the fact that graduate attributes have been the centre of discussion in many countries over a number of decades, literature indicates that the notion of graduate attributes is a complex concept that relates to issues such as employability, lifewide and lifelong learning, social responsibility and good citizenship, as well as others related to environmental consciousness and technological adeptness. This study is located within a constructivist-interprevist paradigm using a phenomenographic approach to investigate the qualitatively different ways in which academic staff members in five undergraduate Applied Design programmes at a University of Technology experience, conceptualise, perceive and understand the phenomenon of graduate attributes in the subjects they teach. The conceptual framework used in the study is based on the three domains of higher learning of the engaged curriculum model of Barnett and Coate (2005). For this study qualitative data was collected using multiple data collection methods, including curriculum document analysis, focus-group sessions and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis process consisted of seven stages of defining the categories of description that emerged from the qualitative data available to the researcher. This was an iterative process of discovery of which the categories of description were not based on predetermined classifications. A set of a limited number of hierarchically related categories of description emerged from this analysis. These categories of description, in conjunction with the relationships among the categories, constitute the outcome space of phenomenography. Based on the findings from the literature perspectives on graduate attributes and the empirical findings of the phenomenographic study a number of important issues can be highlighted. These include academics’ misconceptions of what is meant by graduate attributes as well as the interactions between their conceptions of graduate attributes and how they approach the development of graduate attributes through their teaching practice. The phenomenographic analysis indicates that if academics view graduate attributes as discrete, isolated units of learning that can be attached to an existing curriculum as a ‘quick-fix’ to address employers’ needs, they are likely to have a simplistic, technicist conception of curriculum and may adopt a transmission, teacher-centred approach to their teaching. Literature has revealed that such approaches negatively influence students’ learning experiences. As an alternative approach, an integrated capabilities framework is suggested to support the notion of graduate attributes as a complex, multi-dimensional and inter-related aspects of higher education.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gebaseer op ‘n aantal omvattende internasionale studies wat in die afgelope drie dekades wêreldwyd uitgevoer is asook verskeie nasionale opnames en verslae kan daar met reg aangevoor word dat deur slegs klem te plaas op die ontwikkeling van akademiese dissiplinêre kennis binne hoër onderwys daar nie aan die behoeftes en verwagtinge van werkgewers en studente voldoen word nie. Hierdie studies bevestig ook vraagstukke wat verband hou met die voorbereiding van studente vir die hedendaagse snel veranderende arbeidsmark, ekonomiese afswaai en gepaardegaande werksloosheid, asook aspekte rakende lewenslange leer. Literatuur dui daarop dat hierdie sogenaamde tekortkominge moontlik aangespreek kan word deur meer klem te plaas op die ontwikkeling van die kenmerke wat met gegradueerdes geassosieer word. Alhoewel hierdie kenmerke van gegradueerdes reeds gedurende die afgelope aantal dekades en in verskeie lande die spilpunt van bespreking is, dui literatuur daarop dat die opvattings wat met gegradueerde kenmerke gepaardgaan kompleks van aard is. Dit hou ook verband met kwessies soos werkverkryging, lewenslange en lewenswye leer, goeie burgerskap en gemeenskapsveranderwoordelikheid asook ander relevante kwessies soos omgewingsbewustheid en tegnologiese kundigheid. Hierdie studie is geposisioneer binne ‘n konstruktivistiese en interpretatiewe paradigma. ‘n Fenomenografiese benadering is gebruik om die opvattings oor gegradueerde kenmerke, wat akademici in vyf toegepaste ontwerpskursusse aan ‘n Universiteit van Tegnologie het, kwalitatiewelik te ondersoek. Die konseptuele raamwerk vir hierdie studie is gebaseer op die drie aspekte van gevorderde leer wat deel vorm van die samevoegende kurrikulum model van Barnett en Coate (2005). Vir die doel van hierdie studie is kwalitatiewe data ingesamel deur middel van veelvuldige data insamelingsmetodes wat die ontleding van kurrikulum dokumente, fokusgroep besprekings en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesluit het. Die ontledingsproses het bestaan uit sewe stadiums om die kategorieë van beskrywing, wat vanuit die data ontstaan het, te definieer. Dit was ‘n proses van herhaaldelike ontdekking en was nie gebaseer op vooraf bepaalde klassifikasies nie. ‘n Stel van ‘n beperkte aantal kategorieë van beskrywing binne ‘n hierargiese orde het ontstaan vanuit hierdie ontleding. Hierdie kategorieë van beskrywing, met inagneming van die verband tussen die kategorieë, vorm die uitkomste ruimte (“outcome space”) van hierdie fenomenografiese studie. ‘n Aantal belangrike gevolgtrekkinge kan gemaak word gebaseer op die literatuurstudie en die bevindings van die empiriese studie. Hierdie gevolgtrekkinge sluit in die wanopvattings van akademiese personeellede aangaande die kenmerke van gegradueerdes, asook die wisselwerking tussen die akademici se opvattings en wyse waarop hul onderrig benader. Die data-ontleding dui daarop dat indien akademici die kenmerke van gegradueerdes beskou as afsonderlike en geïsoleerde eenhede van leer wat by ‘n bestaande kurrikulum gevoeg kan word as ‘n sogenaamde kitsoplossing om aan werkgewers se verwagtinge te voldoen, hul heel moontlik ‘n oorvereenvoudigde, tegniese opvatting van kurrikulum het en dat hul ook waarskynlik ‘n transmissie, dosentgesentreerde benadering tot onderrig het. Literatuur dui daarop dat sulke benaderings studente se leerervarings negatief beïnvloed. As ‘n alternatiewe benadering, stel die navorser ‘n geïntegreerde raamwerk voor wat gebaseer is op ‘n vermenging van alvermoë en vernuftigheid sodat die kenmerke van gegradueerdes gesien kan word as ‘n stel komplekse, multi-dimensionele en inter-afhanklike aspekte van hoër onderwysstudies.

A presente pesquisa objetiva compreender de que modo o Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE) contribui com o processo formativo de futuros professores da educação superior, investigando as maneiras criadas por este programa para refletir, organizar e desenvolver o aprimoramento da formação pedagógica dos pós-graduandos. Assim, o interesse recai em compreender os elementos formativos trabalhados pelo PAE. O problema da pesquisa consiste em investigar em que medida o PAE da Faculdade de Educação da USP favorece a apreensão das bases teóricas do campo didático-pedagógico, nos processos de aprendizagem dos pós-graduandos, de modo a aliarem à competência científica a competência pedagógica na futura atuação docente. Diante desta questão, a escolha foi por um caminho investigativo capaz de disponibilizar instrumentos metodológicos adequados à análise do objeto de estudo em questão. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, com foco no estudo de caso, que busca constituir de modo amplo e detalhado conhecimentos a respeito deste programa, bem como das maneiras criadas para viabilizar o aperfeiçoamento do processo formativo do futuro professor universitário. O sistema investigativo adotado inclui pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturas. Os principais fundamentos teóricos do trabalho são as ações de formação pedagógica. A partir da análise de 47 relatórios de estagiários que participaram da etapa de Estágio Supervisionado do PAE na FEUSP, durante o ano de 2010, identificou-se como interlocutores, ex-alunos do PAE que estavam atuando como docentes em universidades públicas ou privadas e que aceitaram participar de entrevistas semiestruturadas, a fim de relatar suas trajetórias do PAE às salas de aula em instituições de educação superior. As entrevistas possibilitaram melhor compreensão do que o PAE/FEUSP, enquanto possível resposta ao processo de formação do professor universitário, viabiliza como experiência formativa. O desafio metodológico esteve centrado na articulação dos distintos elementos teóricos que se mostraram favorecedores da compreensão de como se constituem possíveis maneiras de inserção profissional e como se constrói a profissionalidade de docentes da educação superior egressos do PAE.
This research aims to understand how the Teaching Improvement Program (PAE) helps with the training of future teachers of higher education , investigating the ways created by this program to reflect, organize and develop the improvement of pedagogical training of post graduates . Thus, the interest lies in understanding the formative elements crafted by PAE . The research problem is to investigate to what extent the PAE of the Faculty of Education at USP promotes the understanding of the theoretical basis of the field -didactic teaching , learning processes of graduate students in order to ally the scientific competence in teaching competence future teaching practice . Faced with this issue, the choice was a path investigative able to provide appropriate methodological tools to the analysis of the object of study. The work is structured from a field research, focusing on the case study, which seeks to provide - so broad and detailed - knowledge about this program as well as the ways established to support the improvement of the educational process of the future university professor. The investigative system adopted includes bibliographic, documentary research and semi structured interviews . The main theoretical foundations of the work are the actions of pedagogical training . From the analysis of 47 reports of trainees who participated in the phase Supervised PAE in FEUSP during the year 2010, it was identified as interlocutors, PAE former students who were working as teachers in public or private universities and agreed to participate in semi structured interviews in order to report their trajectories from PAE to classrooms in institutions of higher education. The interviews enabled a better understanding of the PAE / FEUSP as a possible response to the process of teacher training college, and enables formative experience . The methodological challenge was centered on the articulation of the different theoretical elements that were favoring understanding how to provide possible ways of employability and how to build the professionalism of teachers of higher education graduates PAE .

Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006
This study provides an analysis of the impact of the introduction of the FET system at Colleges in the Free State, with reference to Motheo FET College. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions of Motheo FET staff on the implementation of the FET system. It is believed that these perceptions have far-reaching implications on aspirations of the stakeholders with regard to the implementation and success of the FET system at Motheo FET College. The literature has revealed that legislation, namely, the FET Act 98 of 1998, the SAQA Act 58 of 1995 and the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998, form an indispensable past of the FET sector and also provide all stakeholders with a frame of reference and guidelines to manage the new FET system for Motheo FET College effectively and efficiently. The study also has revealed that success in the FET sector will be achieved by closing the gap between “education and training” and also ”theory and practice”. Removal of the fragmentations in education through a co-ordinated, flexible and high-quality FET system will result in employability and employment opportunities for FET learners. It has become clear that the above objective may be best achieved by strengthening co-operation between the Department of Education and the Department of Labour, in which case a new system of learnership should be identified as a mechanism to enhance collaboration between the aforementioned departments. A literature study, interviews, observations and site analysis were used as data collection methods. Four major themes were formulated from the analysis of data, namely, transformation of the FET sector, ensuring equity in all respects regarding FET matters and ensuring equality in all aspects within the FET sector. The important findings were discussed at length and thereafter, the summary, discussions, conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the findings.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study is part of the Research Line 1: Training, knowledge and professional development of the UFSM Postgraduate Program in Education and the project "Quality Indicators for the Brazilian Higher Education", developed by Rede Sul Brasileira de Investigadores da Educação Superior (RIES) in Observatório da Educação. The goal is to investigate what is the understanding of students on vocational training offered in UFSM and the training of its teachers. To do so, we identify how students evaluate the degree chosen and the resources available in their courses; learning activities that graduate students seeking to supplement their professional training and infer how students realize the activities of their teachers, as well as the formation of these to work in higher education. We propose a search for exploratory, descriptive and analytic approach has the support of qualitative and quantitative (BICUDO, 1997; TRIVIÑOS, 1987, GIL, 1994). Data collection was conducted with undergraduate students from a structured questionnaire comprising sixty-four questions. We propose this because we believe that research is a relevant issue as it seeks to analyze and discuss how the University fulfills its social function in terms of training, because we consider it important that discussions on education does not fall only on the training of teachers, but they consider also the understanding of students about the training offered at undergraduate level. That is, if we want to understand the practical training teachers at this level of education will meet the desires and demands of students, mainly because in recent years, Brazilian universities have undergone changes, especially about the actions leading to the evaluation and quality education and because higher education is constantly reinforced as an essential element in training professionals able to deal with a globalized and in constant transformation world.
Este estudo insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa 1: Formação, saberes e desenvolvimento profissional do Programa da Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFSM e no projeto Indicadores de Qualidade para a Educação Superior Brasileira , desenvolvido pela Rede Sul Brasileira de Investigadores da Educação Superior (RIES) no Observatório da Educação. O objetivo é investigar qual o entendimento dos discentes sobre a formação profissional oferecida na UFSM e sobre a formação de seus docentes. Para tanto, buscamos identificar como os alunos avaliam a graduação escolhida e os recursos disponíveis nos seus cursos; apreender que atividades os alunos de graduação buscam para complementar sua formação profissional e inferir como os alunos percebem a atuação de seus docentes, bem como a formação destes para atuarem no ensino superior. Propomos uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, descritiva e analítica que tem como apoio a abordagem quali-quantitativa (BICUDO, 1997; TRIVIÑOS, 1987; GIL, 1994). A coleta de dados foi realizada junto aos alunos de graduação, a partir de questionário estruturado composto por sessenta e quatro questões. Propomos esta pesquisa por entendermos que é uma temática relevante, uma vez que busca analisar e discutir como a universidade cumpre sua função social em termos de formação, pois consideramos importante que as discussões sobre educação não recaiam somente sobre a formação do professor, mas que considerem também o entendimento dos alunos sobre a formação oferecida na graduação. Ou seja, queremos compreender se as práticas formativas docentes nesse nível de ensino vão ao encontro dos anseios e exigências dos alunos, principalmente porque, nos últimos anos, as instituições universitárias brasileiras passaram por alterações, principalmente quanto a ações que promovam a avaliação e a qualidade do ensino e pelo fato de a educação superior ser constantemente reforçada como elemento essencial na formação de profissionais aptos a lidar com um mundo globalizado e em constante transformação.

Thesis (D. Phil. Education) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011
After the inception of the new government in 1994, a new curriculum was introduced, replacing the then existing curriculum. This new curriculum brought about challenges confronting the School Management Team (SMT) regarding its management and implementation. The changes required a paradigm shift and a proactive leadership approach by the SMT and particularly the principals of the Further Education and Training Schools (FET Schools). New policies were developed in respect of the management of this curriculum, which necessarily require the SMT to know and understand in order to be able to implement the curriculum. The aspect of training was also important in order for the SMT to be effective and efficient managers and implementers of the curriculum. The research study was therefore, about the investigation of the factors which influence the implementation of this curriculum known as the National Curriculum Statements (NCS) in the selected FET Schools in Motheo district. The literature in this study was informed and guided by both international and South African contexts and perspectives. The researcher in this study pursued a mixed mode approach. Quantitative investigation was conducted in selected FET schools within Motheo district specifically Bloemfontein, Thaba-Nchu and Botshabelo schools for deputy principals and Heads of the Departments (HOD) whilst qualitative, interviews were done with the principals. Data analysis was done through the development of categories and comparisons and contrasts were made. The data analysis also took into cognizance the visibility of contrary or alternative explanation for the findings. The investigation, therefore, discovered that most of the School Management Team particularly the principals were not trained on the National Curriculum Statement (NCS), and schools were also experiencing a shortage of resources. The recommendation was that the training for the SMT be an ongoing process as it will help with the successful and effective implementation of the NCS.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate possible deficiencies in university accounting courses regarding appropriate vocational training, from the point of view of a corporate university. This is because at almost all professional events, from national seminars to meetings with a small number of participants, as well as the activities of professional associations, there is discussion about the quality of Brazilian professionals, in particular recent accounting graduates. The reason for including topics related to the quality of accounting education in these events is the growing concern amongst executives, market representatives, regulators, professional and trade associations and other stakeholders over the challenges that already exist for accountants and accounting students. It is necessary to understand that the country s university education must foster individual development that is committed to the needs of the market and capable of encouraging scientific and critical thinking in a broader process of knowledge building. To this end, a case study was performed that, firstly, was developed in Ernst & Young and its Corporate University, through interviews with the Executive Director of the said University, based on the company s recruitment process. Secondly, there were interviews with two coordinators of accounting graduation courses, intended to give a better understanding of the organization of the curriculum and its shortcomings. Thirdly, a document prepared by two leading researchers on the search for quality in university accounting education and the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes were analyzed. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that, independent of opinion and market demand, there is a convergence between theoretical participants, professional educators and development banks regarding the need for change and qualitative aggregation in the training of accounting professionals, and in this study corporate universities are shown to be one answer to this qualitative level required by contemporary society
O presente trabalho objetivou a verificação de possíveis lacunas nos cursos de Ciências Contábeis oferecidos por Instituições de Ensino Superior à adequada formação profissional da área, na visão de uma universidade corporativa. Isto porque em quase todos os eventos profissionais, desde seminários de âmbito nacional a reuniões com pequeno número de participantes, bem como nas atividades de entidades de classe, há discussão sobre a qualidade do profissional brasileiro, mais especificamente os recém-formados no Curso de Ciências Contábeis. A razão para a inclusão do tópico qualidade do ensino contábil nesses eventos se dá pela preocupação crescente de executivos, representantes do mercado, órgãos reguladores, entidades de classe e outros interessados no que se refere aos desafios já estabelecidos aos contadores ou aos formandos do Curso de Ciências Contábeis. Torna-se necessário compreender, que a educação superior no país deve propiciar uma formação comprometida com as necessidades do mercado, capaz de promover o exercício do pensamento científico e crítico num processo mais amplo de construção de conhecimento. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso que, em primeira instância, desenvolveu-se na empresa Ernst & Young e sua Universidade Corporativa, por meio de entrevista com o Diretor Executivo da referida Universidade, tendo como base o seu próprio processo de recrutamento. Em segunda instância deu-se a realização de entrevistas com dois coordenadores de curso de Ciências Contábeis com a intenção de melhor compreender a organização curricular das disciplinas e suas carências e, em terceira instância foram analisados: o documento elaborado por dois renomados pesquisadores sobre a busca da qualidade no ensino superior de Contabilidade e o Relatório sobre a Observância de Normas e Códigos. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que, independente da opinião e demanda do mercado, há uma convergência entre teóricos, profissionais do ensino e banco de fomento acerca da necessidade de mudanças e agregação qualitativa na formação dos profissionais da área, sendo que neste trabalho se formaliza a universidade corporativa como uma das respostas a essa demanda qualitativa exigida pela sociedade contemporânea

Si le passage dans l’enseignement supérieur nécessite un temps d’adaptation (Paivandi, 2015), force est de constater que les étudiants en soins infirmiers sont particulièrement exposés au stress pendant la formation, contrairement à d'autres filières (Narchi-Séoud, 2011) et que cette vulnérabilité se prolonge au-delà de la phase de découverte des études (Lamaurt el al, 2011 ; Morenon, 2017 ; Narchi-Séoud, 2021). Très attirés par le caractère court et professionnalisant de la formation infirmière, ainsi que par les valeurs humanistes que véhicule le métier, les étudiants se retrouvent en proie à de nombreuses tensions dès leur admission :- Ils sont souvent très déconcertés par le haut niveau d'exigence attendu qui les contraint à des évaluations nombreuses et polymorphes, sur les trois ans de la formation,- Leur volonté d'être opérationnels dès l'obtention du diplôme influence leurs représentations sur les connaissances à acquérir et les place dans une perspective utilitariste des savoirs,- La stricte application sur les référentiels de compétences (Campia, 2016) ne permet pas de garantir l'authenticité et la dimension humaine attendues par les étudiants, ni leur "formativité" alors que le développement personnel, qui plus est dans une formation à forte dimension axiologique, ne peut pas être dissocié de la construction professionnelle. (Honoré, 2019).- Le nombre élevé des pratiques évaluatives place l'évaluation au centre de leurs préoccupations, au risque de déplacer l'objectif d'intégration des connaissances vers le seul objectif de capitalisation des crédits (Paivandi et Coulon, 2008). De plus, la question se pose de savoir si un dispositif hautement évaluatif est susceptible de permettre une intégration des savoirs efficaces et à l'émergence d'une identité professionnelle conforme aux attentes institutionnelles, sachant que des échecs répétés aux examens entrainent une inefficacité des apprentissages et un sentiment d'échec (Younès, 2023).Ainsi, cette thèse a pour objectif de définir dans quelle mesure les perspectives d'apprentissage des étudiants infirmiers sont constitutives de perceptions différenciées du dispositif de formation à l'aune de leurs expériences individuelles (trajectoires, héritage scolaire...) et permettent de traduire leur capacité à s'émanciper de la dimension strictement normative du dispositif évaluatif. Partant du principe qu'"aucune perspective, quantitative ou qualitative, ne [permet] à elle seule de représenter adéquatement la réalité " (Hunt et Lavoie, 2011, p.29), une enquête séquentielle mixte a été menée auprès d’une promotion d’étudiants infirmiers en 3ème année : Un questionnaire visant à décrire le public cible et à identifier les différents phénomènes sociologiques liés à la vie étudiante, suivi par une série d'entretiens semi-directifs, dans une visée compréhensive et explicative (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2021). Les résultats de l'enquête ont permis de constater que l'efficience tient une place centrale dans l'approche étudiante, d'identifier une catégorie d'apprenants peu pris en compte dans les grandes enquêtes nationales de l'enseignement supérieur, de démontrer la place centrale du stage dans le développement de l'identité professionnelle, et de repérer quatre typologies d'apprenants infirmiers, émergeant de la confluence entre leur parcours initial et leurs motivations. Ils présentent des similitudes avec le modèle des perspectives d’apprentissage élaboré par Saeed Paivandi mais notre public révèle certaines particularités que nous avons catégorisées et nuancées. A l'issue de cette enquête, nous proposons diverses perspectives pour faire converger les besoins des apprenants avec les attentes du curriculum, autant de prémisses d'une réingénierie de la formation en sciences infirmières qui est en cours
While transition to higher education requires time to adapt (Paivandi, 2015), it is clear that nursing students are particularly exposed to stress during training, unlike other sectors (Narchi-Séoud, 2011) and that this vulnerability extends beyond the discovery phase of the studies (Lamaurt el al, 2011; Morenon, 2017; Narchi-Séoud, 2021). Very attracted by the short and professionalizing nature of nursing education, as well as the humanistic values that the profession conveys, students find themselves in the grip of many tensions upon admission:- They are often very disconcerted by the high level of requirement expected, which forces them to make numerous and polymorphic evaluations over the three years of training,- Their willingness to be operational from graduation influences their representations on the knowledge to be acquired and places them in a utilitarian perspective of knowledge,- The strict application on competency frameworks (Campia, 2016) does not guarantee the authenticity and human dimension expected by students, nor their "formativity" while personal development, what is more in a formation with a strong axiological dimension, cannot be dissociated from professional construction. (Honoré, 2019). - The high number of evaluation practices places evaluation at the centre of their concerns, at the risk of shifting the objective of knowledge integration towards the sole objective of credit capitalization (Paivandi and Coulon, 2008). In addition, the question arises whether the highly evaluative system is likely to allow an effective integration of knowledge and the emergence of a professional identity in line with institutional expectations, knowing that repeated failures in exams lead to ineffective learning and a sense of failure (Younès, 2023).Thus, this thesis aims to define to what extent the learning perspectives of nursing students are constitutive of differentiated perceptions of the training system in terms of their individual experiences (trajectories, school heritage...) and make it possible to translate their ability to emancipate themselves from the strictly normative dimension of the evaluation system. Based on the principle that "no single quantitative or qualitative perspective adequately represents reality" (Hunt and Lavoie, 2011, p. 29), a mixed sequential survey was conducted among a cohort of nursing students in their 3rd year: A questionnaire to describe the target audience and identify the different sociological phenomena related to student life, followed by a series of semi-structured interviews, with a comprehensive and explanatory aim (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2021).The results of the survey showed that efficiency plays a central role in the student approach, to identify a category of learners little taken into account in the major national higher education surveys, to demonstrate the central place of the internship in the development of professional identity, and to identify four typologies of nursing learners, emerging from the confluence between their initial path and their motivations. They have similarities with the model of learning perspectives developed by Saeed Paivandi but our audience reveals some peculiarities that we have categorized and nuanced. At the end of this survey, we propose various perspectives to converge the needs of learners with the expectations of the curriculum, so many premises of a reengineering of nursing training that is underway

Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.
This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.

碩士
國立高雄餐旅大學
觀光研究所
105
The common recruitment of airlines is conducted in an open audition or in-service transfer, and the election standard needs to have not only fluent foreign language skills but also related professional knowledge and so on. Due to the difficulty of cultivating aviation expertise, airlines rarely collaborated with specific Vocational and Technological College and University to train aviation operator. Relevant research and literature are also seldom to study the design of the course and the development of industry-university cooperative. Therefore, the study using in-depth interviews with trainers and compilation of the ground crew training functions provides Vocational and Technological College and University to train students to become professionals and enriches the human resource of aviation industry in the future. Finally, the research illustrates the problems with a lack of talent and provides the solutions to reduce the gap of uni-graduate students and meet the airline industries’ demands.

碩士
中國文化大學
青少年兒童福利研究所
97
The focus of this research project centers upon the correlations between the learning motivation and its satisfaction and career development of the students participating in the Overseas Compatriot Youth Vocational Training Program (thereafter OCYVTP or the Program). The survey-based research aims at all the participants of the 26th OCYVTP of Chinese Culture University (CCU) and Ming Chuan University (MCU), the number of which totaled 171. Situated in the contexts of assessment tables of learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and the status of career development as well as personal information, the project employs statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression for comprehensive analysis and discussions of the information gleaned from the surveys. The research results are summarized as follows: 1.The highest learning motivation is inspired by “outside expectations,” while the weakest is found in inter-personal relations. Males have higher learning motivations than females in acquisition of knowledge and social services. Students aged between 21 and 25 are equipped with the highest learning motivation. 2.The most outstanding learning motivation is found in the Burmese nationals when nationality is taken into account. In terms of academic discipline, students majoring in Landscape Architecture and Interior Design have the highest level of learning motivation, while the Cosmetology and Styling majors have the lowest. 3.The degree of learning satisfaction of the OCYVTP students pertains to mediocre level leaning towards satisfactory. They are most satisfied with the instructors’ teaching and are least satisfied with the learning environment. The degree of learning satisfaction does not differ in accordance with sex and age. 4.When considering nationality, the most outstanding learning satisfaction is enjoyed by the Burmese, while the least is by the Indonesians and the Malaysians. They also differ in courses and in learning environment. In terms of disciplines, students majoring in Landscape Architecture and Interior Design have the highest level of learning satisfaction, while the Cosmetology and Styling majors have the lowest. 5.The status of career development of the OCYVTP students pertains to mediocre level. In terms of career identity and general career development, females generally perform better than males. And this circumstance does not vary because of age or nationality. In terms of disciplines, students majoring in Culinary Arts demonstrate better results of career development. 6.In terms of professional orientations, learning motivation, learning satisfaction and career development are generally better for those who opt to apply the skills obtained in the Program after graduation. 7.There is a significant positive correlation observed between learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and career development among the students of OCYVTP. 8.The factors such as “learning results” and “professional orientations” are the major determinants in the status of general career development of the students in the Program.

The research project reported upon in this thesis focuses on leadership for reforms in Senior Learning through vocational education and training in schools (VETiS). Developments in Queensland during the period of 2006 to 2009 provide the empirical focus for this study. The main research question is: what is the characteristic of leadership displayed in the implementation of reforms to Senior Learning through VETiS? The contributory research questions that are addressed in the evidentiary chapters and help answer the main research question relate to: the policies driving the leadership of reforms of education and training in Queensland schools; the barriers to VETiS reforms that pose challenges for leadership strategies; the worries facing Queensland's VETiS leaders and the changes made due to their leadership; and the vindication of their leadership. To date there has been no research that has specifically studied the leadership of the Senior Learning reforms in Queensland, or elsewhere in Australia. This research in this thesis contributes to knowledge of leadership now operating at different levels across different systems and sectors in Queensland. Fullan's (2005) concept of tri-leadership and Lear's (2006) concept of leadership in terms of radical hope were used as the conceptual framework, and provide the counter-point for the argument developed in this study. Data were collected through interviews and from documents. NVivo software was used to aid in the data analysis. How leadership can be characterised given the multi-dimensional, multilevel, multi-agency nature of education and training reforms in Queensland schools is the underlying theoretical concern. A Chinese metaphor, lì tǐ is introduced to conceptualise the complexity of leadership in Queensland because of the limitations identified in Fullan (2005) and Lear's (2006) theories. This Chinese concept serves as useful and innovative lenses for understanding educational leadership in the context of large scale educational reform. Overall, this thesis argues that the leadership of Queensland's education and training reforms in senior secondary learning can be better understood by the concept of lì tǐ leadership than the key concepts from Fullan (2005) or Lear (2006). Lì tǐ leadership refers to the capability to deal with multi-dimensional, multi-level, multi-agency changes. Lì tǐ leadership includes understanding policy driven change, the strategies xv to engage challenges and barriers to innovation, the necessity to track changes, and the need to vindicate efforts to make change.

Text in English
Undergraduate students at the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) experience great difficulty in developing their translation competence during their training period. On the one hand, they show many signs of poor quality during their training when they accomplish practical translation assignments on and off-campus. On the other hand, the quality of the final work submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor Honours Degree (Licenciatura) suggests that most students fail to go beyond the minimum standards with regard to translation competence. Yet, comprehensive research aimed at understanding factors hindering translation competence at the UEM has been scanty. Besides, the few studies available have some significant lacunae, for they focus on Portuguese language development; are limited to error analysis, and often ignore students‟ perspectives. Consequently, the problem of finding a balanced approach to developing students‟ translation competence has remained unaddressed. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the purpose of investigating the translation competence of the UEM undergraduates in order to establish the major obstacles to their translation competence development, and consequently come up with suggestions for improving the current translator-training degree programme. The study design uses qualitative methods translated into a case study approach. First, questionnaire data is analysed to gain lecturers‟ and students‟ perspectives on translation competence at the UEM. Second, a students‟ error typology is developed following a macro- and micro-textual analysis of their translations. The study concludes that substandard bilingual skills, compounded by curricular, attitudinal/motivational, pedagogical and infrastructural/instrumental factors, negatively impact the students‟ development of translation competence at the UEM and that addressing these may pave the way towards improving the current translation-training programme.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
M.A. (Linguistics)

Orientação: Leonardo Rocha
A formação profissional em Educação Física vem sofrendo mudanças significativas ao longo da história. Após a década de 1980, com a Lei de Directrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN, Nº9394, de 20 de Dezembro de 1996), emergiram novos olhares para o curso. Neste novo contexto, o curso de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba – UEPB – vem redimensionando sua prática com vista na formação de um profissional comprometido com a educação em sua dimensão ética, política, social e cultural. Assim, tivemos como objectivo, investigar a contribuição do Estágio Supervisionado na formação inicial do licenciado em Educação Física. A pesquisa molda-se como um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. A unidade selecionada para o estudo foi o Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Paraíba-Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa dez alunos(as) egressos(as) do referido curso. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas e analisadas a partir da Análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam a persistência da dicotomia teoria e prática no estágio docente; deficiências no trabalho de supervisão do estágio, bem como na insatisfação dos(as) entrevistados(as) frente aos aspectos teórico-práticos do referido curso para atuação no mercado de trabalho.
Vocational training in physical education hás undergone significant changes throughout history. After the 80’s, with the Lei de Directrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) nº 9.394/96, nem perspectives have emerged for the course. In this new context the course of Physical Education, State University of Paraiba – UEPB – redefined its practice in order to promote the formation of a professional committed to education in its ethical, political, social and cultural aspects. Thus, we aimed to investigate the extent to which supervised training has a relevant contribution for the initial degree in Physical Education. This research project is a case-study using a qualitative approach. The participants were ten students from Bachelor of Physical Education, State University of Paraiba, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that the dichotomy between theory and practice in teacher training is quite evident. The results also demonstrated deficiencies in the supervision of the training and a level of dissatisfaction concerning the applicability of the theoretical and practical aspects the course for the labour market.

The portfolio explores the construction, representation and interpretation of internationalisation at the University of South Australia (UniSA) within the broader concept of internationalisation in higher education. The research is situated within a postmodern, postcolonial world and is influenced significantly by the work of Foucault ([1972] 2003), Fairclough (1989; 1992), Said (1995 [1978]) and Cherryholmes (1988). The portfolio consists of three related research reports and a meta-analysis which both connects these individual reports and conducts further analysis of the issues and themes arising from the research. The literature reviewed in Research Report 1 describes a range of approaches to internationalisation and issues associated with its definition and implementation in universities. It is concluded that internationalisation in higher education is part of a network of constantly developing and changing discourses all of which both influence and are influenced by political, social and economic contexts and agendas. The nature of the discourse of internationalisation at UniSA and the power/knowledge relations which are embedded within and support it are the focus of the second research report which consists of a critical discourse analysis of a corpus of documents related to internationalisation and Graduate Quality #7 at UniSA. Five discourses of internationalisation at UniSA are identified and the roles associated with the primary subjects of the discourse (academic staff, Australian students and international students) are described. Significant shifts in the discursive construction of internationalisation at UniSA over time are also identified, including the tendency for the economic discourse to be viewed as dominant and the associated ideology to be naturalised. The third research report consists of ‘snapshots’ of the experience of internationalisation in different places and from different perspectives. It strives for a deeper understanding of the complexity of internationalisation at UniSA through exploration of the construction of Graduate Quality #7 (that students of UniSA will develop international perspectives as professionals and citizens) in two different cultural and educational contexts ���������������� Adelaide and Hong Kong. The research highlights the need to embed and integrate intercultural learning into the culture of UniSA – to assist all staff and all students to move into uncomfortable intercultural spaces; to learn from and with each other within those spaces; to challenge their stereotypes and prejudices and to move on from them. The three reports are drawn together in the meta-analysis which concludes that although there are signs of ideological struggle within the discourse of internationalisation, the constructions of internationalisation and its subjects and actors at UniSA and beyond are consistent with a construction of internationalisation as a neo-colonialist activity. It suggests a modified approach to internationalisation – one that challenges the stereotypes and hegemonies currently associated with it. This has implications for the focus of professional development and student services to support internationalisation at UniSA and other Australian universities.

Since the publication of the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) findings in 1996, governments internationally have been cognisant of the need for functional literacy skill training for large segments of the New Zealand working-age population (Culligan1, Arnold, Noble, & Sligo, 2004; Ministry of Education, 2001; OECD, 2000). Individuals with low literacy levels generally report negative prior experiences of formal learning environments that are due to and have contributed to their current functional literacy capability (for example, see Neubauer & Dusewicz, 1988; Ross, 1987, 1988; Tilley et al., 2006). The present study aimed to systematically investigate and measure the dispositional coping styles and strategies associated with differing prose literacy capabilities. The purpose of this project was to provide an understanding of the coping-literacy relationship as a first step toward the development of coping strategy training interventions specifically targeted at improving the educational experience (current and future) of low literacy individuals. Secondary aims of the current study included exploring the relationship between persistence and coping style, adaptability, and prose literacy; determining whether and how coping styles, adaptability, and prose literacy changed over time; and, assessing the relationship between prose literacy, coping style, adaptability, and post-course goal achievement. Fifty-six students in adult vocational programmes were interviewed pre- and post-course. At each time point assessments of dispositional coping style and strategies via use of the COPE tool (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) were gathered, as were measures of emotional intelligence (including adaptability), and prose literacy score. Participants also took part in a semi-structured qualitative interview which gathered information on their educational and employment history, and goals post-course. Situational assessments of coping behaviours outside of the course were also gathered as part of a larger study for future analysis purposes and are outside the scope of this thesis. Respondents were also interviewed at three and six months post-course to determine achievement or non-achievement of post-course goals. Low prose literacy scores were significantly associated with more frequent use of emotionfocused coping strategies (particularly avoidance). Higher prose literacy scores were significantly associated with more frequent use of problem-focused coping strategies. Indicative data showed that non-persisting participants showed higher emotion-focused coping strategy use than their persisting counterparts alongside lower prose literacy scores. Further, emotionfocused coping, adaptability, and prose literacy score were found to change significantly over time. However, post-course goal achievement was not significantly associated with any of the variables of interest except bivariately with prose literacy. The model of transactional stress and coping (Lazarus, 1966; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and the control theory of self-regulation (Carver & Scheier, 1981, 2000) provided a framework for the discussion of the dispositional coping styles and strategies used by individuals of differing prose literacy ability. It was argued that a negative self-schema of the individual as a learner is developed through prior negative experiences of formal education. It was hypothesised that this negative self-schema, built from a low self-confidence and fear of educational failure and rejection, predisposed the individual to a heightened negative self-focus. This in turn was proposed to direct attention to the self and the associated emotional aspects of a response to a stressor, leading to a bias towards habitual coping strategies of avoidance and less frequent use of problem-focused strategies by this group. These findings and the associated interpretations have implications for the future development of coping strategy training interventions for individuals with low functional literacy competencies who wish to re-engage with formal education.

The facilitator model for dual credit offers a way for student to earn directly transcripted credit to colleges and universities, overcoming many barriers faced by other dual credit models. Successful implementation of this model requires high degree of involvement from the cooperating institution. This IRB approved qualitative case study explored the needs of five teacher facilitators in both summer professional development and on-going support throughout the school year when implementing a facilitator model for dual credit with open-ended design coursework. Code-recode and axial coding techniques were applied to over 90 hours of transcribed data, artifacts, and observations from a seven month period to find emerging themes and offer recommendations for implementation.