Artículos de revistas: "United Women's Organisation"

1

DONERT, CELIA. "From Communist Internationalism to Human Rights: Gender, Violence and International Law in the Women's International Democratic Federation Mission to North Korea, 1951". Contemporary European History 25, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2016): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000096.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractIn May 1951 the Women's International Democratic Federation – a communist-sponsored non-governmental organisation – sent an all-female international commission to investigate the war crimes and atrocities allegedly committed by United Nations forces against civilians during the military occupation of North Korea in late 1950. Communist internationalism has been relatively marginalised in the recent wave of scholarship on internationalism and international organisations. This article uses the Women's International Democratic Federation mission to Korea to analyse how the shifting relationship between communist internationalism, human rights and feminism played out in the ‘Third World’ during the early Cold War.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Geisler, Gisela. "Sisters under the Skin: Women and the Women's League in Zambia". Journal of Modern African Studies 25, n.º 1 (marzo de 1987): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0000759x.

Texto completo

Resumen

In March 1985 the Second National Women's Rights Conference was held on the Copperbelt. Although Betty Kaunda, wife of the President, addressed the 135 participants in her opening speech as if they were representing the Women's League of the United National Independence Party (U.N.I.P.), surprisingly only two of them, apart from the invited guests of honour, claimed to be associated with this organisation. Hardly any of the issues raised by the League entered the discussions during the three-day conference, and the recommendations were far form being a reflection of its stated aims.1

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Suryanti, Made Selly Dwi, M. Zaenul Muttaqin y Sukron Makmun. "Unfolding the Landscape of Conflict". Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 7, n.º 1 (20 de junio de 2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i1.30517.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study aims to examine the role of the United Nations Fund for Women (UNIFEM) in upholding women's rights by helping victims of sexual violence in the Darfur region of Sudan. By extension, it explores whether the organisation provided an effective example of a feminist groups in the face of this issue. This research is descriptive, using qualitative methods. The data taken is based on relevant books, academic journals, and online material. The analytical tools used are the concepts of feminism and international cooperation. The results of this research show that, when attempting to solve the problem of sexual violence in Darfur, UNIFEM came to the aid of victims, collaborating with local institutions in the area. This resulted in positive outcomes for sexual violence victims in Darfur, though UNIFEM continues to face several challenges. Keywords: Feminism, Sexual Violence, Conflict, UNIFEM

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Fernandes, Monica G. "The transnational factor: The beginnings of South Africa’s women’s movement". New Contree 73 (30 de noviembre de 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v73i0.172.

Texto completo

Resumen

The South African women’s movement had its origins in the Cape, but it also had a strong transnational relationship with countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. The earliest formally created women’s organisation in the country, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), established in 1889, focused on forging a pure society that was liberated from the so-called constraints and perils of liquor. By 1892, the WCTU had formed a franchise department in response to the absence of female enfranchisement in the Cape, therefore promoting women’s national and international suffrage. The WCTU encouraged the establishment of other women’s organisations such as the Women’s Enfranchisement League (WEL) in 1907, which was solely dedicated to the promotion and creation of women’s suffrage. This article aims to understand the international links of the WCTU and WEL as the first two women’s organisations in the Cape Colony. It does so through the framework of transnationalism and also considers the transnational influence on further developments in South Africa’s women’s movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Dajnowicz, Małgorzata. "The League of Women (Liga Kobiet) – the conditions for functioning of the women’s organisation in the communist system of the Polish People’s Republic (in the first period of the organisation’s activity from 1945 to 1975)". Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, n.º 2(9) (2020): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2020.02.09.10.

Texto completo

Resumen

The League of Women (Liga Kobiet), until 1949 operating under the name of the Socio-Civic League of Women (Społeczno-Obywatelska Liga Kobiet), was a mass women’s organisation functioning in the Polish People’s Republic. Throughout the whole period, one of the priorities set by the organisation was to build up its mass character and, thus, to influence different social, professional and environmental groups of Polish women, fitting into the general agenda of implementing the communist regime in Polish society. Most League of Women’s members were also members to the Polish United Workers’ Party. The League of Women tried to play a role of a “utilitarian” organisation, supporting in a genuine and diverse way the Polish women’s environment. The period between 1945 and 1975 was the first stage of organisation’s activity; in the communist Polish People’s Republic it was a period of “isolation” of the Polish society from the Western world and of a significant influence of the Soviet Union’s policy on the social relations in the country. The League of Women was an example of an East European women’s organisation in the communist era.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Cupać, Jelena y Irem Ebetürk. "The personal is global political: The antifeminist backlash in the United Nations". British Journal of Politics and International Relations 22, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2020): 702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148120948733.

Texto completo

Resumen

Antifeminist mobilisation is growing in the United Nations. It is led by a coalition of certain post-Soviet, Catholic, and Islamic states; the United States; the Vatican; conservative nongovernmental organisations, occasionally joined by the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation, the League of Arab States, the UN Africa Group, and the G77. Uniting them is the aim of restoring the ‘natural family’ and opposing ‘gender ideology’. The group has become increasingly strategic, and its impact can already be seen in a number of UN fora, including the Security Council. By surveying feminist notions of backlash and comparing them to Alter and Zürn’s definition of ‘backlash politics’, the article gauges whether the group’s activities can be characterised as such politics. The conclusion is that they can, suggesting that we are looking at a group with the potential to alter not only the global course of women’s rights but also how politics is done within the UN.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Caltekin, Demet Asli. "Women’s Organisations’ Role in (Re)Constructing the Narratives in Femicide Cases: Şule Çet’s Case". Laws 11, n.º 1 (7 de febrero de 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11010012.

Texto completo

Resumen

In 2020, men in Turkey murdered 300 women, and 171 women were found suspiciously dead. The dominant narrative around suspicious death cases involves a faulty assumption that women are prone to committing suicide. Women’s organisations and cause lawyers unite against all kinds of violence to challenge this dominant narrative, which grants impunity to perpetrators. Drawing on resource mobilisation theory, this article investigates how women’s organisations become involved in femicide and suspicious death cases to articulate counter-narratives and advance women’s access to justice. It focuses on Şule Çet’s case, which raised intense public reactions due to the lack of procedural fairness at the investigation stage. It relies on semi-structured interviews with Şule’s lawyer and the members of the We Will Stop Femicide Platform (Kadın Cinayetlerini Durduracağız Platformu) and the Gelincik Centre (Gelincik Merkezi) to illustrate how women’s organisations made Şule’s story visible and countered the dominant narrative surrounding suspicious death cases. The findings illustrate that women’s organisations’ ongoing struggle to encourage courts to hear women’s stories demands co-operation between different social and legal mechanisms. It includes a combination of several strategies, such as following femicide cases and forming public opinion through social media. The article concludes by arguing that women’s organisations’ use of counter-narratives transforms femicide cases from being only a statistic to a public cause, contributing to women’s struggle in accessing justice.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Jilani, Hina y Khan Ayesha. "Hina Jilani on the value of the rights discourse in the context of political Islam". Feminist Dissent, n.º 3 (27 de noviembre de 2018): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/fd.n3.2018.378.

Texto completo

Resumen

Hina Jilani is one of Pakistan’s most influential human rights activists and a leader of Women’s Action Forum, the group that began the modern women’s movement in the country. She co-founded the first women’s law firm and legal aid organisation, AGHS, and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. At the international level she has held numerous positions as well. She is a member of the Eminent Jurists Panel on Terrorism, Counterterrorism and Human Rights. In 2009, she was appointed to the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict. She was also UN Special Representative on Human Rights Defenders (2000–2008); appointed to the UN International Fact-Finding Commission on Darfur (2006); and served as President of the World Organisation Against Torture (2016). Jilani received the Amnesty International Genetta Sagan Award for Women’s Rights (2000), and the Millennium Peace Prize for Women (2001). She is a member of The Elders, an independent group of global leaders working together for peace and human rights, founded by Nelson Mandela. Below are edited excerpts from an interview with Ayesha Khan held at Jilani’s home in Lahore on 23 October 2015.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Pappa, Marianthi. "unscr 1325 and Maritime Security". Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 24, n.º 1 (17 de diciembre de 2021): 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413_02401006.

Texto completo

Resumen

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325/ 2000 on Women, Peace and Security (‘unscr 1325’) has been hailed by States, scholars, and organisations concerned with gender equality. It was a major step towards the recognition of the nexus between gender, violence, and security and a beacon of women’s empowerment. Notwithstanding, it is not without contextual limitations. The security sector is faced with challenges that are not covered by the Resolution. These include non- war situations, such as security crises at sea. The rise of threats at sea (such as piracy, maritime terrorism, and irregular migration) has caused a rapid evolution of maritime security strategies. Still, important aspects are missing therefrom. Such is the treatment of gender – and more specifically, women. Despite their increasing presence in the maritime domain, women are not explicitly mentioned in the maritime affairs agenda. An analysis of some of the world’s most progressive maritime security frameworks (national, regional, and organisational) demonstrates that these are primarily concerned with state (rather than human) security and pay little or no attention to gender aspects. What is more, the international laws (the law of the sea, safety and security laws, human rights instruments, and humanitarian law conventions) that might fill this gap take a fragmented and ineffective approach towards women’s interests in the maritime domain. The gender blindness of the maritime sector may ultimately lead to bias against women, threatening gender equality. This article argues that unscr 1325 should be extended to maritime security contexts in order to advance women’s empowerment at sea.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Dubel, Ireen. "1975 – ‘Not just a year, but a lifetime for women’". Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 24, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgn2021.1.001.dube.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract The article looks at the significance of the International Women’s Year (IWY) 1975 for the development of Dutch policy on development-related gender equality issues. It analyses how the route to the IWY World Conference and Women’s Tribune in Mexico City was marked by power struggles in and around the United Nations (UN), amongst member states, and between national governments and women’s organisations, in a geopolitical context of the Cold War and Global North–South divisions. The article discusses how, despite little initial enthusiasm for the IWY amongst the Dutch government and feminist groups, engagement with IWY generated a new momentum for national and international policy advocacy that was to come to fruition after 1975.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Goby, Valerie Priscilla. "Bridging the gap Between Cultural Subordinate and Organisational Success: Emirati Women’s Liminal Economic Agency". European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance 18, n.º 1 (4 de noviembre de 2022): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.18.1.935.

Texto completo

Resumen

This paper explores responses to the latent, but still robust, cultural resistance to Emirati women's liminal economic agency in the United Arab Emirates. While a great deal of state policy has sought to encourage women into the workforce and to provide them with a level platform on which to participate economically, some religio-cultural values still prioritise women's family-related roles. One result of this is that there is substantial disparity between women's educational skills and the extent of their participation in the economy. This study uses narrative methodology to explore how Emirati women respond to the surviving prejudices that maintain that they are not fully entitled to engage in the workforce. A highly dominant theme that emerges in this study is that women have identified, and begun to celebrate, the role that women have played in the economic history of their country. They highlight that economically active women are not a new phenomenon in their society. The contribution this study makes is its analysis of how culture and gender are mutually reconstituted and how aspects of modernity are incorporated into a framework of traditional values. This analysis demonstrates a means by which women in a highly patriarchal society seek to defend and legitimate their unrestricted economic participation. It also illustrates how tradition and modernity become blended rather than existing as a dualism.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Wei, Jingyu. "Exploring the Effectiveness of International Organizations Interventions on Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The United Nations and MDecins Sans Frontieres as Examples". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 16, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/16/20231104.

Texto completo

Resumen

Womens bodies often bear the consequences of war and conflict. To safeguard womens dignity and health, international governmental organizations, represented by the UN, and international organizations, represented by Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF), have tried to prevent sexual violence through reforms and development interventions in countries in conflict. However, since the end of the civil conflict in 2003, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has continued to experience high levels of sexual violence. This paper uses case studies to provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the causes of the high prevalence of sexual violence and the reasons for the failure of two organisations interventions in the country. It also provides recommendations for future interventions by international organisations in the country. In particular, more realistic measures for the protection of victims and cooperation between international actors, not only focusing on conventional international actors but also taking into account cooperation with local NGOs and the media. As well as focusing more on how to change the deep-rooted gender inequalities. The intention is to fill the gap in how to address sexual violence from the perspective of international organisations.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Kelly, Laura. "Irishwomen United, the Contraception Action Programme and the feminist campaign for free, safe and legal contraception in Ireland, c.1975–81". Irish Historical Studies 43, n.º 164 (noviembre de 2019): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2019.54.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractThis article explores the contraception campaigns of Irishwomen United (I.W.U.) and their offshoot, the Contraception Action Programme (CAP), in the Republic of Ireland from 1975 to 1981. It draws on ten oral history interviews with former members of I.W.U. and CAP conducted by the author, in addition to feminist magazines, newspaper sources and the Roisin Conroy/Attic Press archive. For Irish feminists, the issue of class was paramount to their contraception campaigns while, in common with their counterparts in the United States, they were also concerned about the increasing medicalisation of women's bodies and the potential health risks of the contraceptive pill, commonly prescribed as a ‘cycle regulator’ in Ireland. Fundamentally, I.W.U. and CAP members believed in a women's movement that allowed for the equal distribution of sexual knowledge and access to contraception. In this way, they foregrounded the connection between health and economic rights. Through their demonstrations, meetings and service provision, in unconventional spaces such as shops, markets, community centres and caravans, they challenged not only the law, but also the authority of both religious patriarchy and medical expertise in Ireland. Through an exploration of the activities of I.W.U./CAP, this article will contribute to understandings of campaigns around contraception and, with my commitment to profiling the experiences of ‘rank and file’ women, it will highlight class inequalities and concerns surrounding the medicalisation of women's bodies to a larger extent than has been done before. It also seeks to show the importance of informal women's networks in providing access to contraception and information about contraception pre-legalisation. Moreover, the article seeks to further elucidate the contribution of Irish grassroots organisations which have received limited historical attention.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Anjum, Gulnaz, Mudassar Aziz, Adam Chilton y Zahid Usman. "Gender Beliefs and Action Tendencies for Women’s Rights: Impact of National vis-à-vis International Policy Recommendations". Journal of Development Policy, Research & Practice (JoDPRP) 1, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59926/jodprp.vol01/02.

Texto completo

Resumen

In most democratic developing countries, including Pakistan, a crucial and still least prioritised domain is reforms in the status of women’s rights. As reflected in the rankings provided by The Gender Gap Index Report (World Economic Forum 2016), Pakistan stands second from the bottom among 144 countries. There are many organisations and programmes at the international and national level that are trying to influence the challenged countries to improve women’s rights policies and practices including the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW); Pakistan’s commitment to meeting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and, the National Commission on the Status of Women (NCSW). The impact of national and international endorsement of the policies intended to improve women’s rights in Pakistan was explored in this survey. The survey was designed to see under which conditions, respondents would support policies focusing on women’s rights. The two conditions in the experiment were framed as such that the proposed reforms came from the National Government (national condition) or by the United Nations (international condition). As a comparative baseline, a control condition was added in which the source of proposals was not mentioned (control condition). The survey was conducted with 619 university students (males: 51%; females: 49 %). Data was collected from the students of the Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad; and, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, from March through August 2016. Results of the study indicated that compared to the control condition, the respondents in the national and international condition expressed higher support for policy reforms for women’s rights. Furthermore, participants in the national and international condition were more likely to offer help in the implementation of these policy reforms. At the policy level, the survey supported the claim that national level endorsement of the reforms, compared to the United Nations endorsement, makes propagation and acceptance of the women’s rights reforms easier for the general public.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Davidson, Denise Z. "De-centring Twentieth-Century Women's Movements". Contemporary European History 10, n.º 3 (26 de octubre de 2001): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301003095.

Texto completo

Resumen

Cheryl Law, Suffrage and Power: The Women's Movement, 1918–1928 (London: I. B. Taurus, 1997), 260 pp., £39.50, ISBN 1-86064-201-2.Christine Bard, ed., Un Siècle d'antiféminisme (Paris: Fayard, 1999), 481 pp., FF 150.00, ISBN 2-213-60285-9.Kathryn Kish Sklar, Anja Schüler and Susan Strasser, eds., Social Justice Feminists in the United States and Germany: A Dialogue in Documents, 1885–1933 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 381 pp., $19.95, ISBN. 0-8014-8469-3.Leila Rupp, Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women's Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 325 pp., cloth $55.00, pb $19.95, ISBN 0-691-01675-5.Mrinalini Sinha, Donna Guy and Angela Woollacott, eds., Feminisms and Internationalism, Gender and History Special Issue, 264 pp. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999). $24.95, ISBN 0-631-20919-0.When we think of the women's movements of the early twentieth century, organisations like Britain's WSPU (Women's Social and Political Union) come to mind and we envision suffragettes marching and getting themselves arrested in cities like London. None of the books discussed here deals with this ‘mainstream’ view of feminism. Instead, they investigate women's movements and reactions to them from other perspectives. Approaching their subject matter from different angles, these recent works offer new interpretations of the history of feminism in the twentieth century. Together they make us consider a geographical re-focusing on the subject of women's movements. They raise questions about the chronology of feminism; they highlight the complicated relationships between ‘globalisation’ and nationalism and centre and periphery; and they draw attention to changing definitions of feminism depending on time and place and the issues at stake.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Cai, Yiping. "Between co‐optation and emancipation: Chinese women's NGOs and power shifts at the United Nations". Global Policy 15, S2 (mayo de 2024): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13369.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractRecent scholarship on China at the United Nations (UN) considers whether there has been a discernible shift in power in China's favour. However, existing analyses predominantly focus on state actors and UN entities, whereas non‐state actors, such as non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), are largely neglected. This article examines the participation of Chinese NGOs in the UN, contributing to the analysis of China's evolving position in global politics. Through the contextualised examination of Chinese women's NGOs' engagement with the UN over the past three decades, the argument contends that there are different types of Chinese NGOs operating in hierarchical and shifting political settings. Despite the Chinese state's attempts to co‐opt NGOs to strengthen its multilateral power base, it is oversimplified to perceive the engagement of Chinese NGOs at the UN as merely serving the interests of the state. Instead, Chinese NGOs play multifaceted roles that are shaped by their relationship with the state, as they deploy different strategies to navigate political space both at the UN and domestically. Although the Chinese government continues to dominate state‐NGO relations, at the UN and elsewhere, there are a few instances where UN fora have provided Chinese NGOs with precarious but increased room for manoeuvre vis‐à‐vis the state.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Dennis, Fay y Kiran Pienaar. "Refusing recovery, living a ‘wayward life’: A feminist analysis of women’s drug use". Sociological Review 71, n.º 4 (julio de 2023): 781–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261231175729.

Texto completo

Resumen

Drawing on cultural historian Saidiya Hartman’s (2019) book Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Social Upheaval, this essay reads one woman’s life with drugs and resistance to drug treatment as a feminist act of refusal, a ‘wayward life’ in Hartman’s terms. Wayward lives are those that refuse dominant forms of servitude and push open alternative ways of being. Although living in a different time and location to the young black women in Hartman’s book struggling to survive after emancipation in the United States, we see the woman (Kim) in our study in contemporary London, United Kingdom, employing similar acts of cramped resistance in a world that treats her as ‘pathological’ and ‘criminal’. We explore the ways in which Kim resists the law, the tropes of pathology that profess to know her, and the abstinence-based treatment systems that seek to change her. Importantly in following Hartman, we are not dismissing her struggles or romanticising her drug use, but rather looking to assemble a picture of her life that captures its admixture of daily trials and challenges, fleeting triumphs, pleasures and acts of resistance. Here we are making room for the kind of embodied and intimate political work that often gets left out of discussions of more formal anti-prohibitionist activism and organisation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

McCourt, Christine. "Technologies of birth and models of midwifery care". Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, spe (agosto de 2014): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000600024.

Texto completo

Resumen

This article is based on a study of a reform in the organisation of maternity services in the United Kingdom, which aimed towards developing a more woman-centred model of care. After decades of fragmentation and depersonalisation of care, associated with the shift of birth to a hospital setting, pressure by midwives and mothers prompted government review and a relatively radical turnaround in policy. However, the emergent model of care has been profoundly influenced by concepts and technologies of monitoring. The use of such technologies as ultrasound scans, electronic foetal monitoring and oxytocic augmentation of labour, generally supported by epidural anaesthesia for pain relief, have accompanied the development of a particular ecological model of birth – often called active management –, which is oriented towards the idea of an obstetric norm. Drawing on analysis of women’s narrative accounts of labour and birth, this article discusses the impact on women’s embodiment in birth, and the sources of information they use about the status of their own bodies, their labour and that of the child. It also illustrates how the impact on women’s experiences of birth may be mediated by a relational model of support, through the provision of caseload midwifery care.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Dale, Elizabeth J. y Beth Breeze. "Making the tea or making it to the top? How gender stereotypes impact women fundraisers’ careers". Voluntary Sector Review 13, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2022): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204080521x16352574868076.

Texto completo

Resumen

This article explores gender stereotypes, discrimination and harassment in the fundraising profession and their impact on women’s fundraising careers. Using a feminist analysis, we investigate the types of gender-based stereotyping and harassment experienced by women who are members of the United Kingdom professional fundraising membership body, where 75% of female survey respondents reported experiencing stereotyping. Qualitative analysis of 366 respondents’ examples of gender-based stereotyping and data from three focus groups demonstrate how the fundraising profession is gendered, its impact on women and what actions need to be taken to tackle visible and unseen barriers that affect women’s careers. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for researchers to investigate non-profit and voluntary organisations with a critical orientation that accounts for the ways in which power is reinforced along categories of gender, age, race, class, disability and sexuality in order to realise the full potential of individual employees and the sector.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Visacovsky, Nerina. "Reflection article: Gender, sexuality and the Argentinian radical Jewish left". Twentieth Century Communism 20, n.º 20 (1 de mayo de 2021): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/175864321832926337.

Texto completo

Resumen

On 30 December 2020, amid the turmoil caused by the COVID pandemic, Argentina approved the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy Law, which legalises abortion until the fourteenth week of pregnancy. In public hospitals, the procedure is now free of charge. Prior to this milestone, which was enacted on 14 January 2021, abortion was only permitted in cases of rape or when a pregnant woman's health was at risk. The law is the result of years of activism and protests against prevailing conservatism in a country heavily influenced by the Catholic Church, led by a grassroots women's movement, known as the 'green wave', which unites many different organisations that have been working towards the same goals.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Ogorugba, Omozue. "Roles of the United Nations and International Legal Instruments in the Protection of Women’s Rights". Nigerian Juridical Review 16 (26 de junio de 2022): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56284/tnjr.v16i1.14.

Texto completo

Resumen

Discrimination and violence against women have become widespread and multi-facetted. Discrimination against women and girls are observable in many spheres of life including social, cultural, economic, health, education, in representation in public life and in determination of nationality. Women and girls suffer violence than their male counterparts at home as well as during armed conflicts, internal or international. In keeping with preamble of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) 1945 to ‘reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity, and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women…’ the organisation has over the years put in place measures to tackle the issues of discrimination and violence against women in order to protect the rights of women. Notable among such measures is the adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the establishment of a committee of experts to monitor the implementation of the Convention in the members States. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of the UN in the elimination of discrimination and violence against women. It will also appraise relevant international instruments designed to protect the rights of women globally and at regional levels. The study adopts the doctrinal research method by with legal instruments and case law as the primary sources of data, and textbooks, journal articles and the Internet as the secondary sources of data.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Le Bris, Catherine. "The Legal Framework for the Fight against Female Circumcision: From Cultural Indulgence to Human Rights Violations. The French Example". European Journal of Health Law 26, n.º 2 (24 de abril de 2019): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12261424.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract The harmful consequences of female circumcision for women’s health have been demonstrated and are regularly recalled by the World Health Organisation. Whereas in the past, the cultural dimension of the practice was emphasised, which result in impunity or absence of guilt, it is now considered by the United Nations as a violation of human rights, especially of the right to health. In 2012, the General Assembly asked States for a total ban on the practice. Despite the consensus on the punishability of female circumcision, its enforcement diverges, in particular in Western Europe. France is considered as a model in this area, that’s why this study focuses on it. Yet, under French law, there is no special legislation criminalising the practice: female circumcision is punishable on grounds of mutilation. However, the French success is not complete: the prevention of such acts could be improved.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Botha, Maricel. "Four female Khoisan language translators across three centuries of Cape history: a morphogenetic analysis". Journal for Translation Studies in Africa 4 (2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/jtsa.4.6896.

Texto completo

Resumen

Female translators are highly atypical in South African colonial history. Yet four important female translators appear on the scene who, interestingly, all translated or interpreted into or from Khoesan languages. Therefore, apart from their marginalised position as women, these translators are also linked to marginalised languages. These translators are Krotoa, a Khoe interpreter employed by colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck, Zara Schmelen, a Nama mission assistant and Bible translator, and Lucy Lloyd and Dorothea Bleek, so-called Bushman researchers and relatives of the famous philologist Wilhelm Bleek. This article is interested in the ways in which the work of these early female translators expressed social conditioning and in the characteristics of their agency within a restrictive social space. The hindering and enabling factors involved in these women’s practice of translation and interpreting is analysed and particular attention is paid to the ideological characteristics of their work. In the analysis of the social characteristics of translation, Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach is employed. Archer’s approach involves an investigation of structure, culture and agency and the ways in which these contribute to cycles of social change (morphogenesis) or maintenance (morphostasis). With regard to agency, the analysis is guided by Archer’s terms primary agency (which results from social rank), corporate agency (which results from social organisation) and social actorship (which results from the unification of personal identity with social roles). The research finds that chance and male sanctioning were present in these women’s involvement in translation, but that a strong exercise of agency was present which was personally motivated. Agency involved no organisation, however, and neither sought nor achieved social change. Yet, three of the four translators were able to achieve social actorship, whereby their role as translators was successfully united with their personal identity.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Botha, Maricel. "Four female Khoesan language translators across three centuries of Cape history: A morphogenetic analysis". Journal for Translation Studies in Africa 4 (27 de febrero de 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/jtsa.v4i.6896.

Texto completo

Resumen

Female translators are highly atypical in South African colonial history. Yet four important female translators appear on the scene who, interestingly, all translated or interpreted into or from Khoesan languages. Therefore, apart from their marginalised position as women, these translators are also linked to marginalised languages. These translators are Krotoa, a Khoe interpreter employed by colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck, Zara Schmelen, a Nama mission assistant and Bible translator, and Lucy Lloyd and Dorothea Bleek, so-called Bushman researchers and relatives of the famous philologist Wilhelm Bleek. This article is interested in the ways in which the work of these early female translators expressed social conditioning and in the characteristics of their agency within a restrictive social space. The hindering and enabling factors involved in these women’s practice of translation and interpreting is analysed and particular attention is paid to the ideological characteristics of their work. In the analysis of the social characteristics of translation, Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach is employed. Archer’s approach involves an investigation of structure, culture and agency and the ways in which these contribute to cycles of social change (morphogenesis) or maintenance (morphostasis). With regard to agency, the analysis is guided by Archer’s terms primary agency (which results from social rank), corporate agency (which results from social organisation) and social actorship (which results from the unification of personal identity with social roles). The research finds that chance and male sanctioning were present in these women’s involvement in translation, but that a strong exercise of agency was present which was personally motivated. Agency involved no organisation, however, and neither sought nor achieved social change. Yet, three of the four translators were able to achieve social actorship, whereby their role as translators was successfully united with their personal identity.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Beletskaya, Maria Yu y Elena A. Zotova. "Towards gender equality in the labour markets of Canada, USA and Russia: an overview of progress in achievement of international commitments". Population and Economics 4, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e50338.

Texto completo

Resumen

In 2019, the International Labour Organization (ILO), together with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), prepared and presented to the G20 leaders a report entitled “Women at work in G20 countries: Progress and policy action”. According to the report, Canada, the United States and Russia show the lowest results among the G20 countries in reaching the goal of reducing the gender gap in labour force participation by 25 percent by 2025. This is largely due to the relatively high levels of gender equality that have already been achieved in these countries. The article analyzes the policy of Canada, the USA and Russia towards women at work in four directions: 1) measures taken by national Governments, in cooperation with social partners, to increase women’s participation in the labour force and to overcome cultural and behavioural barriers to the employment of women; 2) measures to increase women’s ability to earn decent wages, including through lifelong learning, upgrading qualifications and skills development; 3) measures to reduce the proportion of women employed in the informal sector and in low-paid jobs; 4) measures to protect women in labour market in order to encourage men and women to combine work and family and share family responsibilities equitably.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Jones, Helen y Kas Wachala. "Watching Over the Rights of Women". Social Policy and Society 5, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002800.

Texto completo

Resumen

This article examines the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) to critically consider its effectiveness as a bill of rights for women. After having discussed the need for such a convention for women it examines the vital role that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play in the implementation of the Convention. As of March 2005, 180 countries – 90 per cent of the members of the United Nations – were party to this Convention. However, the document is one of the most highly reserved international human rights instruments and although many nations have ratified the Convention they have done so conditionally. Despite these reservations, women's NGOs have used CEDAW as a powerful tool to effect change. Yet, whilst CEDAW has been heralded as a significant step in the development of international human rights, women across the globe still suffer abuse because they are women. There is a need therefore to suggest ways forward in order to ensure the improvement of human rights for women.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Cicchiello, Antonella Francesca, Anna Maria Fellegara, Amirreza Kazemikhasragh y Stefano Monferrà. "Gender diversity on corporate boards: How Asian and African women contribute on sustainability reporting activity". Gender in Management: An International Journal 36, n.º 7 (25 de agosto de 2021): 801–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-05-2020-0147.

Texto completo

Resumen

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of organisations’ board gender diversity on the adoption of the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) and on the use of external assurance. Design/methodology/approach The paper combines data from the Global Reporting Initiative’s Sustainability Disclosure Database and the Orbis database from Bureau van Dijk. The study uses logit models based on a sample of 366 large Asian and African companies which have addressed the SDGs in their sustainability reports published in 2017. Findings The results reveal that board gender diversity is positively associated with sustainability reporting and the involvement of an external assurance provider. Originality/value This study adds to the growing literature on the relationship between women’s participation on corporate boards and SDG reporting. Additionally, it addresses the understudied question of how the gender diversity of board resources affects the adoption of the external assurance of sustainability reporting.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Dragiewicz, Molly y Ruth M. Mann. "Special Edition: Fighting Feminism – Organised Opposition to Women’s Rights; Guest Editors’ Introduction". International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.313.

Texto completo

Resumen

This special issue presents a series of papers by scholars who participated in a workshop entitled ‘Men's Groups: Challenging Feminism’, which was held at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada, 26-27 May 2014. The workshop was organised by Susan B Boyd, Professor of Law and Chair in Feminist Legal Studies at the UBC Faculty of Law, and was sponsored by the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies at UBC, the Peter A Allard School of Law, the Centre for Feminist Legal Studies at UBC, and the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law. The aim of the workshop was to bring together feminist scholars from multiple disciplines and multiple national contexts to explore a source of resistance to feminism that has been largely overlooked in scholarly research: the growing number of nationally situated and globally linked organisations acting in the name of men's rights and interests which contend that men are discriminated against in law, education and government funding, and that feminism is to blame for this. This special edition presents eight papers inspired by the workshop, authored by scholars from Canada, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden and the United States. A second special issue comprised of eight other papers inspired by the workshop was published in the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law as volume 28(1) in 2016.To find out more about this special edition, download the PDF file from this page.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Sands, Gina, Holly Blake, Tim Carter y Helen Spiby. "Nature-Based Interventions in the UK: A Mixed Methods Study Exploring Green Prescribing for Promoting the Mental Wellbeing of Young Pregnant Women". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 20 (13 de octubre de 2023): 6921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206921.

Texto completo

Resumen

Green prescribing is gaining in popularity internationally for the promotion of mental wellbeing. However, the evidence base is limited, particularly in young pregnant women, a population with known risk factors for anxiety and depression. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to provide insights into the availability, processes, and suitability of nature-based interventions for young pregnant women. First, an online mapping survey of nature-based activities in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom (UK) was undertaken. Second, focus groups (n = 6) were conducted with nature activity providers and young mothers (n = 11). This study found there were many diverse nature-based activities available to promote mental wellbeing. The organisational challenges highlighted include a lack of sufficient funding for service provision and disappointing experiences with some green prescribing programmes. The young women felt that nature-based activities helped to promote their mental wellbeing, and also offered an opportunity for social support. The facilitators, such as having detailed information and being accompanied to initial sessions to ease anxieties, were found to maximise the women’s engagement with nature-based interventions. This study provides new perspectives on nature-based interventions from service providers and young women. Findings on the organisational barriers and facilitators to delivering interventions will inform the design of much needed future experimental research.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Shanthosh, Janani, Keerthi Muvva, Mark Woodward, Ramona Vijeyarasa y Anna Palagyi. "Assessing the Reach, Scope and Outcomes of Government Action on Women’s Health and Human Rights: A Protocol for the Development of an International Women’s Rights Dataset". International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (enero de 2022): 160940692211147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221114741.

Texto completo

Resumen

Background The UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) represents an international commitment to equality in the enjoyment of human rights. International human rights scholars posit that, in facilitating constructive dialogues between states and human rights experts, the near-universally ratified Convention is a powerful tool for achieving global health goals, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, the performance of such rights-based approaches in achieving gender equality, and empowering all women, has not been systematically measured and evaluated on a global scale. This study seeks to address the urgent need to support data-driven analyses to hold governments to account through the development of a global dataset measuring state action on women’s health and human rights. Methods Standard systematic review methods will be used to review CEDAW periodic review reports produced by United Nations (UN) Member States, civil society organisations and the CEDAW Committee. Global participation with the review mechanism, the scope of health inequities covered by Committee recommendations, the nature of reported government action and the extent of implementation of each program will be extracted from each report. Only data from the two most recent reporting cycles will be analysed. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse quantitative data, and all qualitative data will be analysed using policy mapping techniques. Discussion Using these data, the study will navigate the nature and the extent of state action to address these issues including by increasing women’s leadership and participation, data collection, strengthening health systems, governance and coordination and establishing new human rights infrastructure. It will use the diversity of health and human rights issues affecting women to reframe traditional conceptualisations of global women’s health which have largely focussed on sexual and reproductive health, to the exclusion of other aspects of women’s lives through the life course. In addition, the study will aid the development of authoritative guidance on how each of these areas of state action and inaction contribute to health inequities, and a framework for designing interventions to address discrimination against women as it relates to health.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Cervini, C., B. Abegaz, A. Mohammed, R. Elias, A. Medina, K. Gebre y C. Verheecke-Vaessen. "Assessment of agricultural practices by Ethiopian women farmers: existence of gender disparities in access to mycotoxins training". World Mycotoxin Journal 16, n.º 3 (2023): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2827.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Ethiopia is one of the countries with the lowest gender-equality performance in sub-Saharan Africa being ranked 121/134 in terms of the magnitude and scope of gender disparities by the United Nations Women’s Organisation. Within the farming communities, women represent 70% of the labour force, but they are neglected from accessing training events run by Ethiopian Universities (e.g. Haramaya University). A survey to assess the existence of gender disparities among Ethiopian women farmers with respect to agricultural labour and mycotoxins knowledge was conducted on three hundred and forty-nine women from the Oromia and Amhara regions. A higher illiteracy rate was found in women compared to men from both Oromia and Amhara regions. Women played a key role in agricultural activities while having limited access to modern technologies compared to their male counterparts. Women were mainly responsible for sorting spoiled crops. Especially in Amhara, these were intended for home consumption, representing a serious health risk for local people. Overall, women from Amhara were more aware than women from Oromia about what mycotoxins are (e.g. aflatoxins), their impact and risk of occurrence in crops. Women in Amhara were also more intended to act towards mycotoxins in the future compared to women from Oromia. Only 0.24% of women have previously attended a training on mycotoxins. The radio seemed to be the most efficient way to deliver training to Ethiopian women farmers from these regions. Mycotoxins trainings were the second option of choice by all women surveyed. Such findings clearly stated the existence of gender inequality in the two Ethiopian regions considered. Empower women’s knowledge about mycotoxins will not only benefit agricultural income and the national economy, but it will also provide women the recognition they equally deserve alongside their male counterparts in future agricultural training programs and interventions.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Lokot, Michelle. "Unravelling Humanitarian Narratives". Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.087.

Texto completo

Resumen

International humanitarian actors, such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and United Nations agencies, often focus on gender norm change when conducting gender analysis among refugees and internally displaced persons. Dominant humanitarian narratives about gender in research reports, assessments and technical guidance reveal an underlying belief that displacement is causative – an external, intervening force. In such analysis, colonial and neoliberal ideologies may influence how refugees’ lives are represented, resulting in depictions of lack of modernity, tradition and culture as overarching (yet ill-defined) forces, and women and girls as vulnerable by default. Such analysis is frequently ahistorical, presented without analysis of the pre-displacement situation. This paper explores and challenges humanitarian narratives about gender norm change during displacement. It is based on feminist ethnographic research in Jordan with Syrian women and men as well as interviews with humanitarian workers. The paper demonstrates that assumptions about lack of empowerment of Syrian women and men may be misguided, identifying both subtle and more overt forms of Syrian women’s and men’s resistance’ to expected norms. It urges humanitarian actors to use ‘resistance’ as an alternative to analysing ‘change’, recognise heterogeneity within populations, resist ‘rapid’ data collection, challenge paternalistic and colonial stereotypes, and reflect complexity in analysis.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Wikitera, Keri-Anne. "The value of indigeneity in the tourism and hospitality industry in Aotearoa – manaakitanga". Hospitality Insights 3, n.º 1 (21 de junio de 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.54.

Texto completo

Resumen

Hospitality within the Indigenous paradigm of manaakitanga (translated as ‘warm hospitality’) is founded on an ‘ethic of care’. This ethic of care creates the space for a multi-dimensional wealth, encompassing “spiritual, cultural, social, environmental and economic well-being” [1]. This is similar to the UNWTO’s sustainable development goals, which are underpinned by the three dimensions of economic, socio-cultural and environmental sustainable development [2]. Manaakitanga in Māori contexts such as marae and many iwi (tribal) organisations demands a values-centred approach that is based on the principle of reciprocity. This form of exchange extends beyond the economic focus of traditional business models and, when applied to non-Māori contexts, demands a degree of culturalising commerce rather than commercialising culture. In the global tourism and hospitality industries, Indigenous cultures have become more significant to countries as a means to differentiate themselves from others [3]. Indigenous cultures are appealing to emerging tourism markets and the resultant economic benefits have led industry stakeholders, throughout the global-local nexus, to include Indigenous cultures in national tourism and hospitality offerings. In the context of the New Zealand tourism and hospitality industry, Māori culture is presented in several key ways. For example, the use of manaakitanga in New Zealand tourism marketing [4] highlights and promotes the significance of the culture to the nation. Tourism and hospitality can both support economic development as well as promote the uniqueness, authenticity and beauty of Indigenous cultures that encourages visitation, differentiates nations and showcases national pride. The tourism and hospitality industry is not always beneficial, however, to the actual Indigenous communities from which the intellectual property is derived. There is evidence that shows the use of deep and meaningful cultural values are sometimes misunderstood, exploited and not reflected in actual practice within the industry. Indeed, analysis of the engagement of Māori women in the hospitality industry, for example, shows that there are distinct inequities in employment [5]. While these inequities are not unique to tourism and hospitality, the evidence shows that Māori women in service-sector employment, such as hospitality, are disproportionately represented in low paid, lower skilled, precarious work [6]. It is a paradox that Māori women’s contribution as the face of the industry is not associated with decent work and career progression. This paper follows a presentation delivered at the Critical Hospitality Symposium in 2018, where the concept of manaakitanga was critically applied to a range of ‘hospitality’ contexts as a point of social analysis. The importance of sustainable development in the industry lends well to engaging in further research on how Māori cultural frameworks can be used to address inequalities in hospitality as a starting point for a broader research agenda in creating high impact future value and growth for New Zealand’s hospitality industry. This research agenda challenges current business models that tag on Māori cultural concepts as promotional tools for organisational profit-driven praxis. Indigenous frameworks of knowledge, such as manaakitanga, can create the space to bring together the key dimensions necessary for a more equitable, richer, ethical and sustainable global tourism and hospitality industry. Corresponding author Keri-Anne Wikitera can be contacted at: keri-anne.wikitera@aut.ac.nz References (1) Spiller, C.; Erakovic, L.; Henare, M.; Pio, E. Relational Well-Being and Wealth: Māori Businesses and an Ethic of Care. Journal of Business Ethics 2010, 98 (1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0540-z (2) United Nations Environment Programme; United Nations World Tourism Organisation. Making Tourism More Sustainable – A Guide for Policy Makers; UNEP: Paris, 2005. http://sdt.unwto.org/content/about-us-5 (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (3) Butler, R.; Hinch, T. Tourism and Indigenous Peoples; Elsevier: Oxford, 2007. (4) Tourism New Zealand 100% Pure Campaign: Manaakitanga – Unique New Zealand Hospitality. https://media.newzealand.com/en/story-ideas/manaakitanga-%E2%80%93-unique-new-zealand-hospitality/ (accessed May 2, 2019). (5) Baum, T.; Cheung, C.; Kong, H.; Kralj, A.; Mooney, S.; Nguyen Thi Thanh, H.; Ramachandran, S.; Dropulic Ruzic, M.; Siow, M. L. Sustainability and the Tourism and Hospitality Workforce: A Thematic Analysis. Sustainability 2016, 8 (8), 809–831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080809 (6) Parker, J.; Arrowsmith, J. Are We Being Served? Women in New Zealand's Service Sector. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 2012, 31 (7), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151211263504

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Mohd Noor, Nurul Hidayana y Noralina Omar. "Menangani Ketaksamaan Gender dalam Keusahawanan: Cabaran Usahawan Wanita dari Kumpulan Berpendapatan Rendah (B40)". Sains Insani 9, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2024): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol9no1.615.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstrak: Keusahawanan mampan mempunyai implikasi yang positif terhadap Agenda 2030 Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) dan 17 Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan. Daripada 17 matlamat ini, matlamat lima iaitu kesaksamaan jantina, mempunyai kaitan langsung dengan keusahawanan wanita dimana ia memfokuskan pada hak sama rata untuk wanita dalam sumber ekonomi. Keusahawanan adalah teras pembangunan ekonomi. Pada masa kini wanita adalah kuasa ekonomi yang sedang berkembang. Oleh kerana persekitaran yang berubah, kini kaum lelaki mudah menerima konsep keusahawanan wanita. Penyelidikan tentang keusahawanan wanita adalah penting bukan sahaja dalam mencipta pengetahuan baharu dalam bidang keusahawanan tetapi juga untuk menggalakkan keusahawanan wanita dan kesaksamaan jantina. Usaha menggalakkan dan mempromosikan usahawan wanita adalah penting untuk mendedahkan cabaran yang mereka hadapi. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cabaran keusahawanan wanita B40. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi penyelidikan kualitatif dengan menjalankan temu bual separa berstruktur bersama 15 usahawan wanita B40 telah dijalankan. Temu bual ditranskripsikan dan data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa peserta berhadapan dengan pelbagai cabaran meliputi kekurangan bantuan kewangan, kesukaran memilih lokasi, masalah berkaitan pengurusan pelanggan, masalah pemasaran, masalah penghantaran produk jualan, dan persaingan sengit. Penyelidikan ini menyumbang kepada literatur tentang keusahawanan wanita secara amnya dan khususnya kepada literatur tentang cabaran yang dihadapi usahawan wanita dari perspektif ekonomi negara yang sedang membangun. Kajian ini juga boleh menyumbang secara praktikal kepada pihak berkepentingan iaitu Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi (KUSKOP), agensi kerajaan, institusi pendidikan, badan swasta, dan badan bukan kerajaan dalam membantu merangka pelan dan strategi pembangunan usahawan wanita dari kelompok B40. Abstract: Sustainable entrepreneurship has positive implications for the 2030 United Nations (UN) Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Of these 17 goals, goal 5, which is gender equality, has a direct relationship with women's entrepreneurship where it focuses on equal rights for women in economic resources. Entrepreneurship is the core of economic development. Nowadays women are a growing economic force. Due to the changing environment, now men easily accept the concept of female entrepreneurship. Research on women's entrepreneurship is important not only in creating new knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship but also in promoting women's entrepreneurship and gender equality. In encouraging and promoting women entrepreneurs, it is important to reveal the challenges they face. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the entrepreneurial challenges of B40 women. Using qualitative research methodology, semi-structured interviews with 15 B40 female entrepreneurs were conducted. The interviews were transcribed, and the data analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study found that the participants were faced various challenges including lack of financial assistance, difficulty in choosing a location, problems related to customer management, marketing problems, product delivery problems, and shift competition. This research contributes to the literature on women's entrepreneurship in general and specifically to the literature on the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs from the perspective of developing country economies. This study can also practically contribute to stakeholders, namely the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives (KUSKOP), government agencies, educational institutions, private bodies, and non-governmental organisations in helping to formulate plans and strategies for the development of women entrepreneurs from the B40 group.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Anumo, Felogene Gor y Florence Okemwa Pacificah. "The Influence of Gender Quotas on Women’s Participation in Legislative Processes in the National Assembly of the 11th Parliament of Kenya (2013 -2017)". International Journal of Current Aspects 3, n.º II (31 de mayo de 2019): 260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iii.22.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study sought to explore whether indeed the increase in number of women occasioned by Affirmative Action principles in the 2010 Constitution of Kenya has enhanced women’s political participation in the National Assembly. The specific objectives were: to analyze the levels of women parliamentarians’ participation on agenda setting and policy output in the National Assembly; to assess the effectiveness of gender quotas as a political tool for ensuring pursuance of the gender agenda in the National Assembly and to discuss constraints faced by women parliamentarians as they seek to influence policy output and enact laws. The March 4, 2013 General Elections which ushered in the 11th Parliament were considered landmark owing to the fact this it was the first General Election to incorporate affirmative action seats. As the term of the 11th Parliament came to a close, it was highly important to find out how effective gender quotas have been in achieving meaningful change for women representatives. The study was guided by Hanna Pitkin’s (1967) framework that she employed in her work “Conception of Women’s Political Representation”. The study was additionally informed by Dahlerup (1988) “Critical Mass theory”. The study made use of cross-sectional descriptive study design. The study was done with members of KEWOPA from the National Assembly of the Parliament of Kenya. The membership of the association consists of all the women Members of Parliament from all the political parties both elected and nominated. The target population of the study were the 68 KEWOPA members from the National Assembly with a sample size of 40 respondents calculated using the Yamane model. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection tool alongside key informant interviews and in-depth interviews. Validity and reliability of the instruments were measured to ensure accuracy and consistency. The study data was analysed thematically. A descriptive approach was involved where direct quotes and selected comments from informants have been used to explain the trends. Triangulation of data was done by looking into complementary and divergent opinions across the key informant interviews and in-depth interviews. The findings of the study suggest that there is still need to create and expand opportunities for women parliamentarians to enable them become more active and effective participants in the legislative processes of the National Assembly. The findings raises the question on what current efforts are being put in place by political parties and the Registrar of Political parties to ensure that the Affirmative Action. The findings are useful to assess the gains of women political representation and inform the lessons; experiences and can be harnessed to strengthen effective women’s political participation in legislature and policy making. They will contribute to informed public debate and critique on the effectiveness of women’s affirmative action for increased participation and visibility on political platforms. Finally, legislators in parliament and policy makers in government will benefit from insights into what it takes to effectively support women’s participation in legislative processes and how to leverage their numbers in parliament to the country’s advantage. Women aspirants need to be made aware of the challenges they expect to face at the National Assembly. It is also critical to raise awareness among women aspiring politicians and other members of the community to create awareness and address the stereotypes that have continued to ensure only a handful of women succeed in the legislative space. As women and women’s organisations continue to agitate for an increase in number of women legislators, they should equally work to transform the ideology of patriarchy and retrogressive institutional culture in Parliament. This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Uthso, Nabil Ahmed y Noor Jahan Akter. "Determinants of life satisfaction among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional analysis". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 10 (31 de octubre de 2022): e0276563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276563.

Texto completo

Resumen

The life satisfaction of women is an essential component of their subjective well-being. It is an indicator of a woman’s life quality based on personal perception. Considering the importance of women’s subjective well-being, the United Nations (UN) has recognized this as one of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To the best of our knowledge, no study has been done yet for Bangladeshi women aged 15-49 years using nationally represented data. This study is the first study, to our knowledge, that will identify the determinants of life satisfaction and investigate the association between these determinants and life satisfaction among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Bangladesh. This study examined the overall life satisfaction and impact of some personal and sociodemographic characteristics on it among the women aged 15 to 49 years in Bangladesh using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 data, a cross-sectional data. In our study, information regarding life satisfaction was available for a sample of 64,283 women after categorizing the variable overall life satisfaction and adjusting the missing values. The variable overall life satisfaction was categorized into three categories, namely low (0-3), moderate (4-6), and high (7-10), according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Results showed that 14.67% of women are low satisfied, 50.65% are moderately satisfied, and 34.68% are highly satisfied with their lives. A bivariate analysis was applied in this study to show the significant association between the determinants and life satisfaction. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to draw valid conclusions about the effects of the potential determinants on life satisfaction. The study revealed that satisfaction increases with age, education level, and wealth status. For the variable marital status, which has three categories: currently married, formerly married, and never married, current marriage was strongly associated with higher life satisfaction. In contrast, a former marriage and a never marriage were associated with lower life satisfaction. Migration status was also significantly associated with life satisfaction, where women who changed their location were more satisfied than those who never changed their current location. Bangladesh aims to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which promotes well-being, and the goal 5, to empower all women and girls, addressing the issues related to life satisfaction and applying appropriate intervention is a must.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Arkachaisri, T., K. L. Teh, Y. X. Book, S. F. Hoh, X. Gao, L. Das y J. G. Yeo. "POS0551 SARS-COV-2 BREAKTHROUGH INFECTION IN COVID-19-VACCINATED ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH CHILDHOOD-ONSET RHEUMATIC DISEASES". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de mayo de 2023): 542.1–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5810.

Texto completo

Resumen

BackgroundAlthough robust humoral immune response after 2-dosed COVID-19 mRNA vaccination was demonstrated in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRDs)[1], data on prevalence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection are limited.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated AYAs with cRD from our prospective and ongoing cRDs COVID-19 vaccination cohort.MethodsPatients were recruited from March 2021 – December 2022 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. Breakthrough infections were defined as symptomatic infections occurring ≥14 days after the second dose in a two-dose series[2]. Humoral immunogenicity was assessed at 2-3 weeks after first vaccine dose and 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose by the cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralisation Antibody (nAb) Assay and calibrated against the World Health Organisation International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (WHO-nAb).Results170 fully COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated patients (71% Chinese, 47% male) were included, Table 1. 141 patients received 3rdvaccine, 6 months after the full series. 51% had breakthrough infection at a median of 5.6 (IQR 4.0-6.8, n=22) and 3.7 (IQR 1.3-5.4, n=55) months after 2ndor 3rdvaccines, respectively, with mainly mild symptoms (5% admission). The median WHO-nAb was significantly lower in those with breakthrough infection (987.3 IU/ml, IQR 361.0 - 2083.4 vs 1892.1 IU/ml, IQR 1052.5 - 2657.7, p<0.001). Older patients had decreased risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.739-0.936, p=0.002). A WHO-nAb titre of < 1000 IU/ml increased the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.964-8.794, p<0.001). Significantly more patients with infection were taking anti-TNF. Withholding methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil did not impact the breakthrough infection risk.ConclusionDespite a robust humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA 2-dosed vaccination, one-half of the AYAs with cRDs had breakthrough infections, albeit mild disease. Younger patients and WHO-nAb < 1000 IU/ml increased the risk of infection. Additional vaccine is needed sooner than 6 months after the 2nddose to prevent infection. Longitudinal data are being collected to determine the vaccine booster interval in our cohort.References[1]Yeo JG, Chia WN, Teh KL, Book YX, Hoh SF, Gao X, Das L, Zhang J, Sutamam N, Lim AJM, Poh SL, Tay SH, Nay Yaung K, Ong XM, Hazirah SN, Chua CJH, Leong JY, Wang LF, Albani S, Arkachaisri T. Robust neutralising antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults with childhood onset rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Feb 23:keac105. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac105[2]CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team. COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:792–3.Table 1.Clinical characteristics of vaccinated AYA with cRDClinical characteristicsTotalNo infection, n=83Infection, n=87pMale80 (47.1)40 (48.2)40 (46.0)0.772Age (yrs)16.7 (14.7-19.5)17.6 (15.1-20.0)16.3 (14.1-19.2)0.022Diagnosis0.742 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis98 (57.6)47 (56.6)51 (58.6) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus30 (17.6)14 (16.9)16 (18.4) Other Connective tissue diseases21 (12.4)13 (15.6)8 (9.1) Others21 (12.4)9 (10.8)12 (13.8)Medication Prednisolone32 (18.8)14 (16.9)18 (20.7)0.524 Anti-TNF57 (33.5)21 (25.3)36 (41.1)0.026 Hydroxychloroquine43 (25.3)24 (28.9)19 (21.8)0.289 Azathioprine6 (3.5)5 (6.0)1 (1.1)0.111 Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)22 (12.9)13 (15.7)9 (10.3)0.302 Methotrexate (MTX)42 (24.7)18 (21.7)24 (27.6)0.373Holding MTX34 (81.0)14 (77.8)20 (83.3)0.650Holding MMF7 (41.2)4 (36.4)3 (50.0)0.644Patients with WHO-nAb* titer < 1000 IU/ml (before infection or after vaccination)54 (36.0)20 (24.1)34 (50.7)0.001*WHO-nAb: WHO International standardized neutralizing antibodiesAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

TKAVC, SUZANA. "UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 AND THE ROLE OF GENDER PERSPECTIVE". WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY ON THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325/ ŽENSKE, MIR IN VARNOST OB 15. OBLETNICI SPREJETJA RESOLUCIJE VARNOSTNEGA SVETA ORGANIZACIJE ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV 1325, VOLUME 2016/ ISSUE 18/3 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179//bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.18.3.2.

Texto completo

Resumen

An increasingly intensive activity has been noticed recently at the international level with regard to the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 and associated resolutions. More and more international events regarding women, peace and security are being organised every year, education and training programmes as well as a conceptual framework of the gender perspective are being developed, and system solutions in both international organisations and national structures are being put forward. One of such solutions is the appointment of ambassadors for women, peace and security, as well as of gender advisors on gender perspective. Last year, a full-time advisor position in this field was set up at the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces. Being a subject matter expert for the area of gender perspective in the Slovenian Armed Forces, I am pleased that the importance of the agenda regarding women, peace and security has been recognised and that a publication has been issued at the academic level by involving experts and gaining support from the leadership. I am grateful to my international colleagues for their papers, for having kindly responded to the invitation to share their views, solutions and experiences with us. This is indeed the main value of this publication: sharing is caring. The set of topics demonstrates to what extent the Resolution and the gender perspective are implemented, ranging from the international level, through national solutions and to the realisation in international operations and missions. Although Resolution 1325 is extensively explained in individual papers, I would like to introduce several key factors linking the Resolution and the gender perspective, to proffer a better understanding of the topic and emphasise why the integration of the gender perspective is vital for both Slovenian and international landscape. The basis for this discussion are conceptual solutions of international organisations and my participation in the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives. Actions like this are vital for they aim to develop the said area and encourage new ways of thinking,thereby highlighting compound gender-related topics and informing the practices of Slovenian Armed Forces. Resolution 1325 is a milestone for the role of women in conflict prevention and resolution, in peace processes, humanitarian response and in post conflict reconstruction. It underlines three interlinking factors, i.e. women, peace and security. There is no security without peace, and no peace without a safe and secure environment. Moreover, there is no peace and security without addressing the entire population. In the past, women were frequently excluded from peace processes. If solely one perspective is included, the expected result can be partial. In 15 years since the adoption of Resolution 1325, the increased asymmetric threats in a complex security environment have resulted in the need for more comprehensive approaches to ensure security and peace around the world. During this time, many facts which were ignored in the past have been seriously discussed at the international level with the aim of finding solutions. Armed conflicts and the post-conflict period affect women differently than men. Boys and girls too are affected differently, in relative terms. Importantly, acts of men and women in such circumstances can be either different or the same, but due to socially constructed perceptions they are accepted differently. More particularly, it should be stressed that socially constructed is their gender, which is a concept that this introduction defines as social and cultural characteristics associated with a given sex (whereas sex refers to biological differences between males, females, and intersex persons, and is assigned at birth). Gender as such materialises in our reality: for example, while during armed conflicts the majority of men are recruited for combat tasks, women stay at home with children or are forced to leave their homes. That is why they make up the majority of internally displaced persons and refugees both on refugee routes and in refugee camps. Their safety is compromised in such circumstances; they are often targeted by groups of combatants, kidnapped, enslaved or abused. It should also be noted that girls and boys are not exposed in the same way: girls can be subject to pre- mature and forced marriages, boys to early recruitment into combatant groups. As regards the general recognition of the role of men and women in armed conflicts and beyond, the most common perception is of women as victims and men as combatants. However, the truth is that women also are combatants and strong actors for peace, and men are victims of intentionally committed acts. Furthermore, a serious problem in contemporary conflicts is sexual and gender-based violence. This is an alarming issue. This form of violence is predominantly inflicted against women, although also girls, boys and men suffer from it, either in the form of torture or as a weapon of war. It could be said that the gender perspective in relation to international operations and missions has, on the one hand, developed for the purpose of implementing Resolution 1325 and, on the other hand, resulted from militaries’ experiences. Central to the gender perspective in international operations and missions is making women’s and men’s experiences and concerns integral to operation processes, whilst taking into account the different security-related situations these individuals face in line with their gender. As it has been argued, there is evidence that women and men, boys and girls, face different security risks - a process underpinned by the way their masculinities and femininities are perceived in a given culture and society, i.e. gender. Being able to recognise and understand the entire security situation as broadly as possible is crucial for operational effectiveness. Recognising the routes of women, which are usually different from routes used by men due to their individual gender roles, can affect the execution of an operation. Such information influences the provision of security, force protection and operational success. Therefore, the integration of the gender perspective into every process at all levels and in every stage of action is of extreme importance; comprehensive information on situation in the area of operation contribute to decisions of those in command. Experiences gained in international operations and missions have led to observations on certain limitations in the execution of tasks, particularly at the tactical level, for example as regards the exclusion of women from the local environment, particularly in those areas of operation where women are not allowed to communicate publicly with unknown men and where the structure and personnel are predominantly male. The inclusion of the gender perspective into task accomplishment has thus become a necessity to which international organisations, such as UN, NATO, the EU and other have drawn attention. In their structures, the contemporary armed forces need both female and male members at all levels and on different duties. This holds true for the fulfilment of tasks in international operations and missions and for the execution of tasks in domestic environment. International organisations tend to increasingly emphasize the importance of the inclusion of women into all structures; however, questions regarding women in armed forces keep appearing in the military, particularly as regards gender equality, physical performance of women and removal of restrictions in relation to the fulfilment of certain duties for women. There are growing tendencies to implement the gender equality principle, whereby a risk of equating equality with sameness may appear in the militaries. However, to perceive equality as sameness can lead to unilateral or too general solutions. Concerns, for example, that taking into account the biological differences between men and women in setting the standards could mean lower criteria and poorer performance actually lead to more important question: are standards really defined according to the requirements of individual duties or are they too general, and are they also established on the basis of the inclusion of gender perspective? It is crucial to understand that different tasks require different competences and preparedness of an individual. Indeed, the truth is that men and women will never be the same. There is variety between males and females which should be recognised as an advantage and not as a weakness. Failing to include the spectrum of gender, the wholeness cannot be reached; the inclusion of both male and female perspective on the same issue leads to integrity by bringing together the diversity. Due to changing security environment, we all are faced with new challenges, requiring even stronger networking of organisations both at the national and international levels in order to ensure comprehensive and effective solutions. Meteorological changes causing large-scale destruction call more often for the engagement of the armed forces in search and rescue tasks. Last year, mass migration from conflict zones, the Middle East and Africa to Europe required the involvement of the armed forces into tasks at home. Similarly as in fulfilling the tasks in international operations and missions, the armed forces and other government and non-government organisations dealing with refugees and migrants were faced with different cultures, where socially determined roles of men and women have great significance. Such circumstances promote further knowledge about the integration of gender perspective in new directions. The fundamental fact that the society is made up of women and men, girls and boys, remains, just as the diversity which, in its integrity, should bring us all towards ensuring security and peace. I wish you a pleasant reading of papers hoping they will help broaden new horizons and encourage new thoughts.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Toscano, Bruno Walter Renato. "‘Work locally but think globally’: The Alliance Against Women's Oppression and transnational multiracial grassroots activism in the 1980s". Gender & History, 6 de marzo de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12779.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractThis article examines the transnational history of the Alliance Against Women's Oppression (AAWO), a multiracial and Marxist US women's organisation founded in California in 1979. By focusing on the political connection between the AAWO, the so‐called ‘Third World’ and other international organisations such as the Women International Democratic Federation, the article intends to delve into the relationship between global far‐left, non‐White women's organisations in the United States and the Global South. Using extensive archival sources internal to the organisation, this work highlights the 1980s as a central period for anti‐imperialist women's activism against the Reagan administration and for the formation of international grassroots connections.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Anh, Nguyen Hoang y Hoang Bao Tram. "Policy Implications to Improve the Business Environment to Encourage Female Entrepreneurship in the North of Vietnam". VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business 33, n.º 5E (28 de diciembre de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4078.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract: Nowadays, Vietnamese women are participating actively in parts of the economy that were previously deemed male domain. Women are involved in business activities at all levels in Vietnam, making significant contributions to the economic development of the country. By December 2011, there were 81,226 small and medium enterprises headed by women, accounting for 25% of the total number of enterprises in the country (GSO, 2013). In Vietnam, despite recent economic development, socio-cultural and legal barriers are still very difficult for women since the general perception in society is that a woman’s main duty is to be a good housewife and mother and they are also often perceived as weak, passive and irrational (VWEC, 2007). Even though the studies related to women entrepreneurship development are quite extensive, amongst them only a limited number of researches on the role of legal and socio - cultural barriers on women entrepreneurs in the context of Vietnam have been investigated. Thus, supported by the World Trade Institute (WTI) in Bern, Switzerland, the researchers have chosen this as the subject of this study. Based on a quantitative survey of 110 companies in Hanoi and adjacent areas, the research has taken legal and socio - cultural barriers and explored their effect on the development of women entrepreneurship in the context of Vietnam in order to indicate how women entrepreneurs perceive the impact of socio-cultural factors, economic impacts, and policy reforms on their entrepreneurial situations and initiatives, and to then provide policy implications for promoting women’s entrepreneurship and gender equality in Vietnam. Keywords Entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs, gender equality, Vietnam References Acs, Z. & Varga, A. (2005) ‘Entrepreneurship, agglomeration and technological change’, Small Business Economics, 24, 323---334. Avin, R.M & Kinney, L.P (2014). Trends in Female Entrepreneurship in Vietnam Preliminary paper presented at the 23th Annual Conference on Feminist Economics sponsored by IAFFE, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, June 27-29, 2014.Avin, R.-M., & Kinney, L. P. (2014) ‘Trends in Women entrepreneurship in Vietnam’, 23rd Annual Conference on Feminist Economics, Ghana: 27 – 29 June.Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Obloj, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: where are we today and where should the research go in the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 32(1), 1–14.Bunck, J. M. (1997) Women and Post Cold War Socialism: the cases of Cuba and Vietnam, 7th Annual Meeting, Association for the Study of Cuban Economy, University of Miami, Knight Center, Hyatt Hotel, August 7-9 1997 Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee (2010), The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census: Completed Results, Statistical Publishing House, available at: http://vietnam.unfpa.org/webdav/site/vietnam/shared/Census%20publications/3_Completed-Results.pdf Chari, M. D., & Dixit, J. (2015). Business groups and entrepreneurship in developing countries after reforms. Journal Of Business Research,68, 1359-1366.Djankov, S. , R. L. Porta , F. Lopez-de-Silanes and A. Schleifer (2002) The Regulation of Entry, Quarterly Journal of Economics CXVII (1): 1-37Food and Agricultural Organisation and United Nations Development Programme (2002) ‘Gender Differences in the Transitional Economy of Vietnam: Key Gender Findings – Second Vietnam Living Standards Survey, 1997 – 1998’. Vietnam: Food and Agricultural Organisation and United Nations Development Programme. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac685e/ac685e00.htm [Accessed 7 December 2015].Fuentelsaz, L., González, C., Maícas, J., & Montero, J. (2015). ‘How different formal institutions affect opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship’. Business Research Quarterly, 18(4), 246-258. Gallup, J (2004) The wage labor market and inequality in Vietnam. In Economic growth, poverty, and household welfare in Vietnam edited by Paul Glewwe, Nisha Agrawal, and David Dollar. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) (2014), Population and employment Report 2014Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2013). Vietnam report 2013. United Kingdom. Retrieved from: www.gemconsortium.orgHampel-Milagrosa, A., Pham, H., Nguyen, Q., and Nguyen, T. (2010) ‘Gender-Related Obstacles to Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs’. Vietnam: United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Available at: http://www.un.org.vn/en/publications/publications-by-agency/doc_details/294-gender-related-obstacles-to-vietnamese-women-entrepreneurs. html [Accessed 7 December 2015].Hang, T.T.T. (2008), “Women’s leadership in Vietnam: opportunities and challenges”, Signs, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 16-21. Hirschman, C. and V. M. Loi (1996) Family and Household Structure in Vietnam: Some glimpses from a recent survey, Pacific Affairs Vol 69 (No. 2 (Summer 1996)): 229-249Hoang, B.T. (2010), “Rural employment and life: challenges to gender roles in Vietnam’s agriculture at present”, paper presented at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, Trends and Current Research in Gender Dimensions of Agricultural and Rural Employment: Differentiated Pathways Out of Poverty Rome, 31 March-2 April 2009, available at: www.fao-ilo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fao_ilo/pdf/Papers/16_march/Thinh_final.pdf Hoang, C., Hoang, C.L.T.S, Nguyen, T.P.C, Ngo, T.P.L, Tran, T.N, Vu, T.L (2013), The women’s access to land in contemporary Vietnam. UNDP Report 2013Hoskisson, R. E., Eden, L., Lau, C.M., &Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 249–267.ILO (2011) ‘Creation of an enabling environment for women entrepreneur in Vietnam: Mainstreaming gender issues in government policy on enterprise development’, Hanoi.International Finance Corporation (2006) A National Survey of Women Business Owners in Vietnam. Joint survey with Gender and Entrepreneurship Markets (GEM) and the Mekong Private Sector Development Facility (MPDF), Washington, DC, IFCInternational Labour Organisation (2007) ‘Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam’. Vietnam: International Labour Organisation.International Labour Organization and the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of Vietnam (2010), The Informal Economy in Vietnam, ILO/MOLISA, Hanoi.Kibria, N. (1990) Power Patriarchy and Gender Conflict in the Vietnamese Immigrant Community, Gender and Society Vol 4 (No 1 (March 1990)): 9-24 Luke, N. , S. R. Schuler , B. T. T. Mai , P. V. Thien and T. H. Minh (2007) Exploring Couple Attributes and Attitudes and Marital Violence in Vietnam, New York, Sage PublicationsMai thi Thanh Thai, Nguyen Hoang Anh (2016): The impact of culture on the creation of enterprises (2016), Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, Vol.9, No.1, pp.1 – 22McChesney, F. (1987) Rent extraction and rent creation in the economic theory of regulation, Journal of Legal Studies 16 de Soto, H. (2000) The Mystery of Capital: Why capitalism Triumphs in the west and Fails everywhere Else, New York, Basic BooksMinniti, M. (2010) ‘Women entrepreneurship and Economic Activity’, European Journal of Development Research, 22, pp. 294 – 312.Nguyen, B. (2011) ‘The Changes of Women’s Position: The Vietnam Case’, International Journal of Innovative Interdisciplinary Research, 1, pp. 126 – 138.Nguyen, B. (2012) ‘Abortion in Present Day Vietnam’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2 (1), pp. 56 – 61.Nguyen, C., Frederick, H., & Nguyen, H. (2014). Female entrepreneurship in rural Vietnam: An exploratory study. International Journal Of Gender And Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 50-67. Nijssen, E.J. (2014), Entrepreneurial Marketing: An Effectual Approach, Routledge, New York, NY.Raven, P., & Le, Q. (2015). Teaching business skills to women: Impact of business training on women’s microenterprise owners in Vietnam. International Journal Of Entrepreneurial Behaviour And Research, 21(4), 622-641. Rubio-Bañón, A., & Esteban-Lloret, N. (2015). Research article: Cultural factors and gender role in female entrepreneurship. Suma De Negocios Terrell, K., and Troilo, M. (2010) ‘Values and Women entrepreneurship’, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2 (3), pp. 260 – 286.Thanh, H.X., Anh, D.N. and Tacoli, C. (2005), “Livelihood diversification and rural-urban linkages in Vietnam’s red river delta”, Discussion Paper No. 193, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), available at: http://ideas.repec.org/p/fpr/fcnddp/193.htmlThe World Economic Forum (2015) ‘The Global Gender Gap Report 2015’. Switzerland: The World Economic Forum. Available at: http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/ [Accessed 8 December 2015].Thi, L. (1995) Doi Moi and female workers: a case study of Ha Noi, in: V. M. Moghadam (ed.), Economic reforms, women's employment and social politics, Helsinki, World Institute for Development Research Tien, P. N. (2010) Overarching view of Gender Equality in Vietnam”, 2010, Conference on Commemoration of International Women’s Day 2010, “Beijing + 15, Looking back, reaching forward, Gender Equality and Women Empowerment 15 years after the Fourth World Conference on Women, Ha Noi, 12 March 2010.United Nations Development Programme (2012) ‘Women’s Representation in Leadership in Vietnam’. Vietnam: United Nations Development Programme.United Nations Development Programme (2015) ‘Human Development Report 2014’. USA: United Nations Development Programme. Available at: http://hdr.undp. org/en/content/human-development-report-2014 [Accessed 10 December 2015].United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). (2010). Gender related obstacles to Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs. Vienna, Austria.Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council (2007) Women’s entrepreneurship development in Vietnam. International Labor Organization, Vietnam.Vuong, H., and Tran, D. (2009) ‘The Cultural Dimensions of the Vietnamese Private Entrepreneurship’, The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 6 (3 & 4), pp. 54 – 78.VWEC (2007), Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam, Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) Report, Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council, available at: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@asia/@ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_100456.pdf Williamson, O. (2000) ‘The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking ahead’, Economic Literature, 38, pp. 595 – 693.World Bank (2011a) ‘Vietnam Country Gender Assessment’. USA: World Bank. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/11/15470188/vietnam-country-gender-assessment [Accessed 7 December 2015]. World Bank (2011b). Vietnam development report 2012: Market economy for a middle- income Vietnam, Washington DC: The World Bank.World Bank (2012), Vietnam Country Gender Assessment, World Bank Country Office, HanoiWorld Bank (2015), World Bank Database, Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/vietnam [Accessed 9 December 2015].World Development Indicators (WDI) (2012), The World Bank, Washington, DC.Zhu, L., Kara, O., Chu, H.M.,Chu, A. (2015), ‘Women entrepreneurship: Evidence from Vietnam’, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 103-128 lity in Vietnam.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Rybachok, Iryna. "Ukrainian Women in Austria and Attempts to Resume the Activities of the Union of Ukrainian Women (1945-1957)". Foreign Affairs, 2022, 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675.31(5).2021.35-43.

Texto completo

Resumen

The present study investigates the predicament of Ukrainian women in post-war Austria, where numerous Ukrainian refugees found themselves after the end of the Second World War. Ukrainian women were active in public life, which led to attempts to resume the activities of the Ukrainian Women's Union. The relevance of this study is conditioned upon both the lack of its research and its importance for the history of the Ukrainian women's movement. The purpose of this paper is to consider the attempts to consolidate Ukrainian women, intensify the Ukrainian women's movement, resume the activities of the Union of Ukrainian Women in emigration, the main tasks and vectors of Ukrainian women's activities in post-war Austria. The study is based on the use of documentary materials stored in the Central State Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, the memories of people who were in DP camps and materials of the then Ukrainian press. The study employed general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction) and special-historical methods – problem-historical, chronological, comparative-historical, which enabled a comprehensive analysis of the problem. In the first post-war years, the Ukrainian women's movement was revived in camps for displaced persons and refugees in Austria and West Germany. The intensification of women’s activities was connected both with the need to solve a number of social and national problems of refugees and with the continuation of the traditions of the Ukrainian women’s movement. It was in Austria in 1945 that the Union of Ukrainian Women resumed its activities and the idea arose to establish a single organisational superstructure that would unite Ukrainian women in new political circumstances and emigration conditions (a project of the Union of Ukrainian Women of Europe). The authors of this study draw attention to the need to review the tasks of Ukrainian women in exile. Although the post-war living conditions of Ukrainian refugees in Austria did not allow for the implementation of part of the programme of the Ukrainian Women's Congress in Feldkirch, the activities of local branches of the Union of Ukrainian Women in DP camps were important for the life of Ukrainian communities, as women themselves were actively engaged in support activities, social work, organisation of cultural and educational activities, preservation of Ukrainian traditions in emigration. The present research can be used to write summary works on the history of life of Ukrainians in camps for displaced persons in Germany and Austria after the Second World War, the history of the women's movement and Ukrainian emigration

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Nasser, Anna. "Promoting Women's Rights, Hiding the Empire. Marie‐Hélène Lefaucheux, an Imperialist Woman at the United Nations". Gender & History, 7 de agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12722.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractThis contribution examines the role of Marie‐Hélène Lefaucheux, the French representative in the UN Commission on the Status of Women between 1948 and 1953. By focusing on Lefaucheux's activism and connection with the French government, this article intends to analyse how French post‐imperial policy carried out by reformist women's organisations pursued the expansion of women's and human rights whilst supporting the empire. Using a range of archival sources and the Commission's reports, this work argues that the role of reformist imperial women and organisations was crucial in influencing the Commission which was both a place of contestation and protection of the gendered and colonial order.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Rainey, Linda, Daniëlle van der Waal, Louise S. Donnelly, Jake Southworth, David P. French, D. Gareth Evans y Mireille J. M. Broeders. "Women’s health behaviour change after receiving breast cancer risk estimates with tailored screening and prevention recommendations". BMC Cancer 22, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09174-3.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Background The Predicting Risk of Cancer at Screening (PROCAS) study provided women who were eligible for breast cancer screening in Greater Manchester (United Kingdom) with their 10-year risk of breast cancer, i.e., low (≤1.5%), average (1.5–4.99%), moderate (5.-7.99%) or high (≥8%). The aim of this study is to explore which factors were associated with women’s uptake of screening and prevention recommendations. Additionally, we evaluated women’s organisational preferences regarding tailored screening. Methods A total of 325 women with a self-reported low (n = 60), average (n = 125), moderate (n = 80), or high (n = 60) risk completed a two-part web-based survey. The first part contained questions about personal characteristics. For the second part women were asked about uptake of early detection and preventive behaviours after breast cancer risk communication. Additional questions were posed to explore preferences regarding the organisation of risk-stratified screening and prevention. We performed exploratory univariable and multivariable regression analyses to assess which factors were associated with uptake of primary and secondary breast cancer preventive behaviours, stratified by breast cancer risk. Organisational preferences are presented using descriptive statistics. Results Self-reported breast cancer risk predicted uptake of (a) supplemental screening and breast self-examination, (b) risk-reducing medication and (c) preventive lifestyle behaviours. Further predictors were (a) having a first degree relative with breast cancer, (b) higher age, and (c) higher body mass index (BMI). Women’s organisational preferences for tailored screening emphasised a desire for more intensive screening for women at increased risk by further shortening the screening interval and moving the starting age forward. Conclusions Breast cancer risk communication predicts the uptake of key tailored primary and secondary preventive behaviours. Effective communication of breast cancer risk information is essential to optimise the population-wide impact of tailored screening.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Nienaber, Ann-Marie, Andree Woodcook, André Escórcio Soares, Rosalind Searle y Jan Tietmeyer. "The role of women as change agents in a male-dominated context: Empirical findings from the transport and mobility industry". Work, 23 de junio de 2023, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-210996.

Texto completo

Resumen

BACKGROUND: A variety of scholars deal with change agents’ role within change processes and highlight their relevance as role models in an organisation, but there are shortcomings. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance our knowledge on the role of women as change agents in analysing their perceived self-efficacy during change and their job satisfaction as job-related dimension of wellbeing. METHODS: We applied a mixed-method design, conducting two studies based on data from 71 specialists – change agents – working in the transport or mobility departments of seven local authorities participating in the H2020 CIVITAS SUITS project, from six different countries, Greece, Spain, Italy, Romania, United Kingdom, and Lithuania. RESULTS: The first quantitative survey shows that female change agents may have to perceive higher levels of self-efficacy during organisational change to perceive similar levels of job satisfaction as men. The second qualitative study (focus groups) provides more in-depth explanations of these results. This allows us to derive managerial implications to prevent decreases in women’s well-being and strengthen their resilience and health during change. CONCLUSION: This mixed-method study highlights the role of women as change agents, driving organisational change within male-dominated transport departments of local authorities. Our results show that female change agents need extra support in managing change processes within male-dominated contexts as the transport and mobility field to avoid a decrease in their perceived job satisfaction, their well-being and herewith, their physical and mental health.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Flowers, Petrice R. "Gender Representation in Japan’s National and International Diplomacy". Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 28 de julio de 2022, 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10114.

Texto completo

Resumen

Summary How do we account for the discrepancy between the number of Japanese women serving in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the number in United Nations (UN) organisations? This article identifies where women and men are located in both national and international diplomacy. I argue that in ministries of foreign affairs around the world, institutional rules and norms account for the low numbers of women in these organisations. This research makes a new contribution to the literature by demonstrating that institutional rules and norms at the UN provide many opportunities for Japanese women to engage in diplomatic work, in contrast to national MFAs where norms and rules tend to circumscribe women’s participation. I argue that women choose to seek out these opportunities to fulfil their goals. Thus, this article investigates women’s agency in pursuing careers in international affairs as well as the effect of institutional rules and norms.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Tretiakov, Alexei, Jo Bensemann y Tanya Jurado. "Social outcome expectations and women's intentions to return to IT employment". Australasian Journal of Information Systems 27 (27 de mayo de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v27i0.4111.

Texto completo

Resumen

Women leaving IT employment for childcare or other reasons, and never returning, is a phenomenon that contributes to the underrepresentation of women in IT. However, potential women returners, women who have recently left IT employment and may or may not return, remain an under-researched group. We studied the effects of social outcome expectations on the intention to return to IT employment for 182 potential women returners from New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. The data were obtained via a survey questionnaire. Expectations of friendly co-workers, work-life balance, and family proximity were included; and the expectations of friendly co-workers had a statistically significant effect on the intentions of potential women returners to return to IT employment. The results highlight the difficulty of creating an environment that encourages potential women returners to return to IT because, unlike work-life balance or family proximity, friendly co-workers is a factor that is difficult to control via managerial interventions. For practice, the results suggest that organisations should promote an environment friendly to women, which in part may be achievable by implementing agile approaches to organizing IT work.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Whitt, Jacqueline E. "Queering American Military History". International Journal of Military History and Historiography, 17 de mayo de 2021, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-bja10015.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract This historiographical article examines the state of the field of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (lgbtq) history in the United States military. It examines the field’s foundations and legacies from women’s history and the history of gender and sexuality as well as three threads that run through the field: sexuality and gender; sexuality, state control and citizenship; and sexuality and lived experience. The essay also explores interdisciplinary and theoretical connections and suggests areas for future research. The article argues that uncovering, centring, and mainstreaming lgbtq history – that is queering military history – is central to the broader field of military history because it relates to questions of power and the organisation of sexuality and gender performance and identity.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Abu Awwad, Dania, Syeda Zakia Hossain, Martin Mackey, Patrick Brennan y Shukri Adam. "Exploring the role of healthcare organisations in increasing women’s participation in breast-screening in the United Arab Emirates". Journal of Cancer Education, 17 de septiembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01877-0.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Nik Saleh, Nik Salida Suhaila. "From Rights to Women’s Rights: Malaysian Experience". Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 11, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjat122021-6.

Texto completo

Resumen

This paper explores the philosophical idea of human rights to consider the meaning of the term ‘rights’. There are huge amounts of work being done in defining the term ‘rights’. ‘Rights’ is defined by most human rights scholars in a four-separate perspective, as a claim, immunity, a freedom and a power. These concrete meaning of ‘rights’ might be revealed from Hohfeld’s idea of ‘rights’ that may be used in a rigid sense of the right-holder’s claim to something with a correlative duty. The emergence of a new consciousness of the patterns of discrimination against women and a rise in the number of organizations committed to combating the effect of such discrimination in 1960s, called the Government of Malaysia to show its support not only by setting up organisations, but also by allocating funds. However, there are critiques that justice for women is impossible to be upheld in Malaysia because the Government reserves few articles of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women due to its inconsistencies with Shariah. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend the Islamic ideals of human rights concept and principles and value the progress of women’s rights in Malaysia.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Lucas, Grace, Ellinor K. Olander, Susan Ayers y Debra Salmon. "No straight lines – young women’s perceptions of their mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-ethnography". BMC Women's Health 19, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0848-5.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Background Young mothers face mental health challenges during and after pregnancy including increased rates of depression compared to older mothers. While the prevention of teenage pregnancy in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom has been a focus for policy and research in recent decades, the need to understand young women’s own experiences has been highlighted. The aim of this meta-ethnography was to examine young women’s perceptions of their mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy to provide new understandings of those experiences. Methods A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative research was conducted. Seven databases were systematically searched and forward and backward searching conducted. Papers were included if they were from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and explored mental health and wellbeing experiences of young mothers (age under 20 in pregnancy; under 25 at time of research) as a primary research question – or where evidence about mental health and wellbeing from participants was foregrounded. Nineteen papers were identified and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research used to appraise the evidence. Following the seven-step process of meta-ethnography, key constructs were examined within each study and then translated into one another. Results Seven translated themes were identified forming a new line of argument wherein mental health and wellbeing was analysed as relating to individual bodily experiences; tied into past and present relationships; underpinned by economic insecurity and entangled with feelings of societal surveillance. There were ‘no straight lines’ in young women’s experiences, which were more complex than dominant narratives around overcoming adversity suggest. Conclusions The synthesis concludes that health and social care professionals need to reflect on the operation of power and stigma in young women’s lives and its impact on wellbeing. It adds to understanding of young women’s mental health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy as located in physical and structural factors rather than individual capacities alone.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "United Women's Organisation"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros