Artículos de revistas: "Union parishads"

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Tanjil Ahmed, Azizur Rahman y Tamanna Akter. "Recent Practices of People's Participation in Different Avenues of Rural Local Government". PCD Journal 10, n.º 1 (18 de noviembre de 2022): 133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/pcd.v10i1.5096.

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People's participation in various avenues of local administration is crucial for strengthening decentralisation in Bangladesh, despite the fact that such participation faces significant. The main purpose of this research is to explore the most current trends in people's participation in different avenues of local government. This research also examines the realities and challenges involved in strengthening decentralisation in Bangladesh. Using a quantitative methodology, this research found that different avenues of people's participation in Union Parishads has fostered successful decentralisation since these avenues certify independent participation and enable them to share their opinions and influence decision-making processes. Since decentralisation facilitates the transfer of power from the central to the local level, people's participation is functional within Union Parishads. Moreover, this research demonstrates that most rural people are severely challenged in participating in the different avenues of Union Parishads due to political complexity, institutional corruption, poor education, and general unawareness. The authors therefore suggest that, by implementing public awareness programmes, ensuring the maximum autonomy of local government units, and confirming the accountability and transparency of service providers, people's participation can strengthen the decentralisation of rural local government in Bangladesh.

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Hasan, Md Mahmud y Jobayda Gulshan Ara. "Political Economy of Local Level Budgeting in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis". Space and Culture, India 10, n.º 2 (29 de septiembre de 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i2.1281.

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Accompanying the estimation of revenue and expenditure, the local level budget manifests a grassroots area's development plan for a defined period. In Bangladesh, the Union Parishad (UP), the lowest tier of local government, is obliged to prepare its annual budget by ensuring people's participation through various mechanisms and committees following the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009. With this background, the study explores the UPs' budgeting procedure to identify the influential actors and effectiveness of people's participation from political economy perspectives. Following the qualitative case study approach, this study was conducted on the four Union Parishads in Sylhet, Sunamganj, Cumilla and Narsingdi districts. It follows the in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion techniques to collect primary data from the UP chairman, members, Upazila Nirbahi Officers (UNO), and other members of various UP committees. The finding shows that mechanisms like Ward Committee (WC), Ward Shava (WS), Standing Committee (SC), Planning Committee (PC) and Social Mapping for ensuring people's participation are not working accordingly. In most cases, these committees are confined to the papers. In practice, the budgeting procedure is dominated by the politically and economically empowered groups, e.g. UP chairman and his allies, ruling party members, local elites and bureaucrats, which is hindering the socio-economic development at the grass-root level in Bangladesh.

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Mobarek, Salma. "Legal Provisions and its Practices for Revenue Mobilization at Union Parishads of Bangladesh". Dynamics of Public Administration 38, n.º 2 (2021): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0733.2021.00015.8.

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Sharma, Shreekant y Manika Mitra. "Impact of Horizontal Learning Program in Capacity Building of Union Parishad in Bangladesh". Journal of Global Economy 16, n.º 3 (19 de septiembre de 2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v16i3.606.

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This study attempts to investigate the impact of Horizontal Learning Program (HLP) in capacity building of Union Parishad in Bangladesh. In this study, six Union Parishads (UPs) were selected under five divisions of Bangladesh purposively with different identical nature like where the HLP concept was already disseminated, which UPs were already used for piloting of HLP and which were the best performer of HLP good practice. Horizontal Learning Program (HLP) was initiated in November 2007 as a one-year pilot by Local Government Division (LGD) with support from WSP in collaboration with Swiss Development Corporation (SDC), Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) of World Bank, Water Aid, Dhaka Ahsania Mission, Plan Bangladesh and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been a partner organization of HLP since 2007. The study found that 97% of the UP Secretaries have knowledge about HLP. 76% UPs are currently involved with HLP whether 16% UPs are not currently involved with HLP. Out of 84 UPs 25 % have 1â‰¤2 number of good practices; 21 % have 3â‰¤4 number of good practices; 17 % have 5â‰¤6 good practices; 13 % have 7â‰¤8 good practices and 11 % had 10 + good practices. The study also reveals that 75% UPs are satisfied with HLP activities. Furthermore, four overarching themes have identified which clearly represent the overall picture of HLP, such as, how HLP contributed; was it supportive program for UPs; how it helped to enhance capacity of UPs; challenges and others.

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Zahangir Alam, Md y Akther Unnisa Shiuly. "DRIVING GRASSROOTS GENDER EQUALITY: EMPOWERING WOMEN IN BANGLADESHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT". International Journal of Advanced Research 11, n.º 10 (31 de octubre de 2023): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17716.

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Bangladesh is one of the most overpopulated countries in the world where women are involved in domestic work. Political and economic empowerment is considered a male-dominated public activity. This paper aims to explore the dimensional issues and challenges faced by women representatives in Union Parishads in the decision-making process which is crucial for ensuring womens economic empowerment at the grassroots level. This study attempts to critically assess the extent of womens economic empowerment in local government institutions in Bangladesh. This paper also investigates the low rate of women holding elected positions at the grassroots level and the reasons behind their dismal performance in the objective and decision-making process and economic empowerment. From this point of view, this study has identified some factors that are negatively affecting the active participation of women representatives in the Union Parishad such as lack of education and training facilities, lack of social and cultural norms and values, lack of awareness, social constraints, family constraints, lack. Family support, lack of economic awareness, lack of peer support, patriarchal mindset, lack of freedom of movement, sexual harassment, domestic violence, low status, unequal distribution of work and religious misinterpretation. Finally, this paper provides a summary of proposed improvements to the current system as well as alternative system options for enhancing womens economic empowerment in local governments in Bangladesh to achieve gender equality at the grassroots level.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur. "Contributions of Women's Participation in the Local Government of Bangladesh: Empirical Evidences from Union Parishads". Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 25, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2015): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120150204.

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MD. RASHIDUL ISLAM SHEIKH. "LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL STUDY OF SOME SELECTED UNION PARISHADS IN BANGLADESH". International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 4, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2017): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol4iss1pp16-32.

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Government and its functions may be classified into National, Provincial of State and Local. The administration of a locality or small community such as village, town or a city, by the body representing the local inhabitants, possessing a fairly large amount of autonomy, raising a part at least of its revenue through local taxation and spending the proceeds on services, is called Local Self-Government. The democratization of government management is a key prerequisite for local self-government development. The de-monopolization of ownership encourages multi-structure economy. The existence of sustainable and efficient government authorities is needed to create appropriate business conditions, covering a broad range of aspects: favorable rules of play, safeguarding of ownership rights, etc. Moreover, the sustainable economic development is possible only provided that the rules of play are adjusted to managers with average capabilities.

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Chowdhury, Shuvra. "From trickle down to inclusiveness :". Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration 29, n.º 2 (31 de marzo de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36609/bjpa.v29i2.208.

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Inclusiveness of the excluded is a new phenomenon in the study of governance. This is suggested in the researches that macroeconomic aggregates do not, as had been assumed, have a ‘trickle-down effect. The actors including state and societal that either play a dominant role or do not play any role at all in the policy process become evident in the systematic study of the policy formulation process. In Bangladesh, the participatory policy formulation process is introduced by the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009. This study used a qualitative case-study methodology, backed by secondary documentary analysis, and assessed the process of formulation of the policy at the participatory planning and budgeting processes at the local level in six Union Parishads(UP), the lowest administrative tier of Bangladesh. Based on empirical data this paper found that citizens were able to identify their priority needs of life if they were offered the opportunity.The nexus between donors and government works as an iron triangle and as an outcome, the citizens become unwilling to participate in those processes when they are being perceived that their needs are being neglected due to resource constraints. The absence of societal actors to play a dominant role to act as a pressure group in the policy formulation process, resource constraints, and patron-client relationship are some factors that exclude the demands of the grass-root level citizens. It is suggested that governments need to explicitly consider the human development objectives of local people when formulating macroeconomic policy.

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Rahim, Junaed y Sung-Soo Hwang. "The Role of Local Government in Developing Countries: Learning from the Cases of Bangladesh’s Union Parishads". National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 18, n.º 4 (28 de febrero de 2017): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2017.18.4.085.

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Tipu, Md. "Women’s Participation in Decision Making Process of Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study of Nine Union Parishads". Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 5, n.º 4 (4 de marzo de 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2018/39567.

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Begum, Afroza. "Women's Participation in Union Parishads: A Quest for a Compassionate Legal Approach in Bangladesh from an International Perspective". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 35, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 570–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2012.699885.

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Talukdar, Imdadul Haque, Karin Österman y Kaj Björkqvist. "Gender Differences in Effective Participation of the Elected People's Representatives to the Union Parishads of Bangladesh: Token Presence or Effective Participation". European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2018): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0050.

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Abstract Effective political participation was measured with a questionnaire that was completed by 680 (347 female, 333 male) representatives to the rural local governance of Bangladesh, Union Parishads. The questionnaire included four scales. Females scored significantly lower than males on the scales of having influence on political decisions, active political participation and initiatives, and political commissions of trust; and significantly higher on victimisation from faulty meeting procedures. Influence on political decisions varied according to age group for females but not for males. Of the males, 94.7% participated in meetings regularly compared to only 30.1% of the females. Of the females, 16.9 % reported they were not informed about the time of the meetings, while this was the case for only 3.7% of the males. None of the committees used voting at the monthly meetings. Of the males, 94.9% reported that meeting decisions were taken through mutual understanding, while only 15.3% of the females were of that opinion. Of the females, 64.8% reported that decisions were taken by the chairman alone, and 19.9% of them that decisions were taken by the chairman and male members only. It may be concluded that despite recent legislative measures, female political participation still needs to be improved in Bangladesh.

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Talukdar, Imdadul Haque, Karin Österman y Kaj Björkqvist. "Gender Differences in Effective Participation of the Elected People's Representatives to the Union Parishads of Bangladesh: Token Presence or Effective Participation". European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, n.º 2 (24 de julio de 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i2.p245-254.

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Habib, Enamul. "Towards a Sustainable Rural Development Initiative: Good Practices and Learning of Local Governance Support Project (LGSP)". Space and Culture, India 10, n.º 2 (29 de septiembre de 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i2.1283.

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This study is a product of the experiences gained from the rural development project known as Local Governance Support Project (LGSP), jointly funded by The World Bank and the Government of Bangladesh. This project has already completed its first two phases (2006-2011 & 2011-2016) and is now in its third phase (2017-2021) with a one-year extension. Each phase of the project has a duration of 5 years. The LGSP-1 was first initiated in 2006 with the aim of financing all Union Parishads (UP) of Bangladesh. The Ups are the lowest tiers of Local Government Institutes in rural Bangladesh. The Ups originated during British rule in the Indian subcontinent. The country currently has 4571 UPs where financial support from the project is provided on specific formula base policies. The study aims to discuss the project's initiatives to strengthen rural local government institutes as well as how the project has developed a mechanism to implement different schemes adequately. For this, the study is based on the review of information collected from secondary sources—published books, articles, research reports, journal information, and newspapers.

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Hasan, S. M. Mehedi, Md Siddiqur Rahman, Md Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad Mamun y Md Moshiur Rahman. "Improving ICT Literacy through Participatory Approach:". Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration 30, n.º 3 (22 de diciembre de 2022): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36609/bjpa.v30i3.377.

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Encouraging participation through local governments has been questionable and democratic spirit with direct participation of common people has always been poorly valued. The Union Parishads, in spite of having constitutional provision, could not come out as self governing units and left under the command of national government. The objectives of this study was to assess how participation makes LGSP effective in improving ICT literacy in rural areas of Bangladesh and to identify how LGSP plays pivotal role to build capacity of students and unemployed people of the study area. Both qualitative and quantitative methods and standardized statistical application SPSS were used in the study. The study was based on empirical data from eight (08) Unions of Kishoreganj Upazila of Nilphamari District. The study reveals that the projects under LGSP are usually taken after consultation with the rural people through Ward Meeting .However, the number of ICT related projects were very low ; only 2 to 3 projects were taken by each of the union council in a fiscal year. Most of the projects under LGSP were on construction of road and culverts, installing tube-well, developing rural drainage and renovation of sewerage system because the elected representatives are interested on such types of small projects. On the other hand, the role of LGSP in building capacity of the unemployed youths and students was found to be very noteworthy as they received different digital services and skill oriented training ranging from online job application, photocopying, printing, registration and other e- services ; creating a new job opportunities and self run businesses. Therefore, this study recommended to take more ICT and other skill oriented projects and to increase budget for advanced level ICT training for rural youths; which may contribute to developing freelancing and entrepreneurship amongst them .This study will create value to the research arena and the implementing agencies will think out of the box while giving effort on capacity development through LGSP.

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Tanjeela, Mumita. "Female Leadership in the Local Governments: Reconstruction of Traditional Gender Identity of Women in Rural Bangladesh". Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 28, n.º 1 (30 de julio de 2021): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.028.01.0086.

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The local government bodies of Bangladesh have always been dominated and controlled by men––the traditional power holders. Bangladeshi rural women are mostly confined to household chores and engaged in subsistence agricultural activities due to the patriarchal social system and a rigid gender division of labour. Moreover, women’s lives are controlled by cultural and religious gender norms which limit their mobility in public spaces and political participation. Hence, women’s participation in local government has always been a symbol of tokenism up until the introduction of a direct election system for women. Given this context, this study explores how Bangladeshi rural women have proved themselves to be the change-makers in the rural society and what influencing factors supported them in reconstructing their traditional gender identities despite social and structural constraints. The study was conducted through a qualitative inquiry by adopting a case study approach. Data and information for the study were collected through 12 in-depth (IDI) interviews of elected female Union Parishads (lowest local administrative unit) (UP) chairpersons, UP members and Upazila (subdistrict local administration council) female vice chairpersons along with four focus group discussions and five key informant interviews from four selected districts of Bangladesh. This study concluded that these female leaders are enormously motivated and committed to reshaping their traditional gender identity and altering unequal gender power relations that predominantly factor in the rural social fabric of Bangladesh.

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Al-Maruf, Abdullah, J. Craig Jenkins, Amelie Bernzen y Boris Braun. "Measuring Household Resilience to Cyclone Disasters in Coastal Bangladesh". Climate 9, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9060097.

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The main objective of this paper is to measure the level of household resilience to cyclone and storm surges in the coastal area of Bangladesh. We draw on four general disaster frameworks in terms of addressing household-level resilience to cyclones and storm surges. We use a composite indicator approach organized around four components: (1) household infrastructure (HI); (2) household economic capacity (HEC); (3) household self-organization and learning (HSoL), and; (4) social safety nets (SSN). Drawing on a household survey (N = 1188) in nine coastal union parishads in coastal Bangladesh purposively selected as among the most vulnerable places in the world, we use principal components analysis applied to a standardized form of the survey data that identifies key household resilience features. These household index scores can be used for the assessment and monitoring of household capacities, training, and other efforts to improve household cyclone resilience. Our innovative methodological approach allows us to (a) identify patterns and reveal the underlying factors that accurately describe the variation in the data; (b) reduce a large number of variables to a much smaller number of core dimensions of household resilience, and (c) to detect spatial variations in resilience among communities. Aggregated to the community level, our new index reveals significant differences in community cyclone resilience in different areas of the coastal region. In this way, we can show that shoreline and island communities, in particular, have significant deficits in terms of household resilience, which seem to be mutually reinforcing one another and making for lower resilience.

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Islam, Fakhrul. "Minimizing Central-Local Relation using Local Resource Mobilization in Bangladesh". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i2.7561.

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AbstractUnion Parishad (UP) is the lowest tier of rural local government plays an important role to fulfill the demand and aspiration of local people and the overall development of the country. But UP (Union Parishad) in Bangladesh are yet to perform optimal local revenue mobilization. This paper examines opportunities and constraints local revenue trend and performance and the problems of revenue mobilization and to provide a strategy for reducing dependency on the central government and enhancing the revenue collection of Union Parishad. The analysis is exemplified by exploratory and descriptive method and social survey has been arranged for collecting data and information from Unions of Bajitpur upazilla under Kishoregonj district. A general conclusion emerging from the study is that despite revenue potentials, weak revenue administration, less power to create new source of revenue, lack of people’s participation, lack of permanent tax collector and political and central control are the major impediments on local resource mobilization. This study tries to explore potential area of resource and suggested to control political pressure, to set up campaign and workshop on resource mobilization and bringing awareness among the citizens as well as UP officials.Key Words: Local Resources, Mobilization, Dependency, Central Government, Potential Income Area.

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Akter, Samia y Md Mahmud Hasan Mamun. "Analysis of the Link between Central Government and Local Government in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Union Parishad". Urban Studies and Public Administration 1, n.º 1 (17 de mayo de 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v1n1p62.

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<p><em>Local government is one of the most significant parts of the central government. In the past, the control of central government over local government was minimal. Afterward, several presidential orders were notified to raise the power of local government. However, power and authority of local government were increased with pen and paper but not in practice. In this study, the scenario of the Union Parishad was analyzed as a part of local government, since it has to perform many activities with the scarcity of resources. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between the effects of limited resources to the activities of Union Parishad. In this research, data was collected from some local government representatives and some personnel of Ishwardi Upazila, Bangladesh through questionnaire and interview. First, the study reveals that local government always faces several particular problems due to lack of resources in case of distribution of relief cards to the poor villagers, a donation in disaster and exceptional circumstances, a contribution in educational and religious institutions, etc. The graphical analysis demonstrated the scenario between the requisitions of the Union Parishad to the central government and the percentage of those requisitions actually fulfilled. The outputs of this study summarized that the actual supply from central government was minuscule than the demand of Union Parishad. Hence, it could not deliver services accurately. Some recommendations have been provided to overcome the problems of a Union Parishad, which include that the government should enhance Annual Development Programme (ADP) allocation to ensure people’s participation in formulating and implementing development projects, and the control of the Union Parishad over the local resources has to be increased.</em></p>

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Jahan, Miskat. "Understanding Social Accountability at Rural Local Governance in Bangladesh and the Way Forward: In the Case of Union Parishad". South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 17, n.º 4 (6 de marzo de 2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v17i4644.

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In the 21st Century social accountability has become one of the preconditions to create a more transparent and representative government and aid public institutions in meeting the expectations of the population through empowering citizens which is necessary for effective and sustainable development. Social accountability of the elected representatives at the rural level may help the government increase service quality, empower rural citizens, and promote good governance. At present Bangladesh, mostly known as the “Development Surprise”, has leaped towards lower middle-income country status from a poor developing one within four decades of its decisive victory. In this stage of growth and development, the persistence of social accountability at the rural local government would ensure the attainment of sustainable development through ensuring demand-based service delivery. Against this backdrop, this paper intends to explore the present status of social accountability mechanisms at the Union Parishad which is the lowest tier of rural local governance in Bangladesh. Based on the analysis, several recommendations for the way forward have been summarized. Secondary data analysis and empirical knowledge have been exerted which would refer to a clear view of the current status of social accountability at the grass root level. The first section mentions the importance of social accountability at the union level based on theoretical analysis. Existing mechanisms to ensure social accountability at Union Parishad have been delineated in the second section. The third section develops a compact understanding of the current status of social accountability at the Union Parishad level. The fourth section will share a discussion of the findings, recommendations, and conclusion. This study finds that the lack of interest among Union Parishad Functionaries, avoidance by citizens, irregularities in committee formation, irregular meetings, lack of resources, clientelism and Govt. supervision, etc. have made the social accountability mechanisms at the rural local government ineffective and fruitless. The political willingness of the Government, GO-NGO collaboration, allocation of resources to rural local government, awareness raising among citizens, educating citizens politically, and ensuring proper training for the officials in the Union Parishad can play an important role to revive social accountability through deliberative forums and committees in the rural local government.

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Hassan, Mostafa Ferdous. "Gender Responsive Budgeting at Union Parishad: Current Status, Potentials and Challenges". Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature 1, n.º 5 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijssl.e1023.091522.

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While the idea of gender-responsive budgeting has piqued the imagination of individuals all around the world, it is a relatively new phenomenon in Bangladesh. This budgeting technique has been stressed in Bangladesh's previous four National Budget speeches. The government is prioritizing it in order to distribute government funding to all parts of society, especially women. The goal of this research is to establish the level of gender-responsive budgeting at the Union Parishad (UP) and its impact on the responsiveness of UP services, with a focus on health care. Furthermore, it strives to highlight at the union level the opportunities and challenges of gender-responsive budgeting in the health industry. Timeliness in service delivery and level of satisfaction of the service recipients were measured. The impact of gender responsive budgeting, and local political control on budget for UP health services is analyzed. 'The study considers the amount of allocation, flow of fund, continuity of budgetary allocation, responsiveness in service delivery, level of satisfaction of women and level of local autonomy as independent variables to know what services are being provided along with their impacts. The study has opted for a mixed method for data collection and analysis including survey, interview from primary sources along with secondary literature. The study found that most of the local people don’t avail health service from Union Parishad and their expectation is not reflected in service delivery or the UP Plan and budget. Timeliness of service delivery and access to information were also major issues. All UP members were not aware of the allocation amount for women's health issue despite 50% UP members saying consultation with women happens before preparing budget. Overall, the study finds that the budgets are not gender sensitive and there is no priority setting of the budget in health sector It recommends training for the UP officials and government initiatives 10 adopt and implement gender responsive budgeting at the union level.

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Nipu, Nusrat Jahan. "Power Distance, Women and Political Participation in Bangladesh: Union Parishad Perspective". Public Affairs and Governance 9, n.º 1 (2021): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2021.00003.5.

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Uddin, Nasir. "Inquiring Autonomy of Local Governance in Bangladesh: The Case of Union Parishad". Dynamics of Public Administration 36, n.º 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0733.2019.00005.1.

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Anam, Abu Saief Mohammad Towhidul. "Fiscal Autonomy of Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study of Union Parishad". Public Affairs And Governance 8, n.º 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2020.00002.8.

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Islam, Fakhrul y Md Amdadul Haque. "Importation of Good Governance at Local Self-government Body in Bangladesh". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, n.º 4 (20 de noviembre de 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i4.8397.

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The principle of good governance is difficult and controversial. Governance opens new space which provides a concept that allows us to discuss the role of government in coping with public issues and the contribution that other players may make. It opens one’s mind to the possibility that groups in society other than government. Good governance is responsive to the present and future needs of society. Strengthening local governance can be ensured through the importation of the component of good governance at the local level. This paper intent to examine spaces where principles of good governance are required to apply to ensure better service delivery system at Union Parishad. This paper has been followed by social survey method. The data collection technique of this study has covered quantitative technique. Union Parishad as a local self government body ensuring community participations, people can approach and communicates clearly to their representatives and regularly issuing its progress report to the people for their transparency. Besides, dealing with convicted corruption was found most effective in manner.

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Uddin, Nasir. "Empowerment through participation in local governance: the case of Union Parishad in Bangladesh". Public Administration and Policy 22, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-10-2018-0002.

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Purpose The traditional concept of people’s participation through their representatives is changing to the mechanism of direct participation of community people in the local governing process. In coupling with these, the Constitution of Bangladesh and the local government acts guarantee to foster the direct participation of people in the formation of local bodies and development programs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the avenues of people’s participation in local government, particularly the Union Parishad (UP) in Bangladesh, and to evaluate the empowerment of marginalized community through those avenues. Design/methodology/approach Using a broad descriptive and analytical approach, this paper evaluates the relationship between participation and empowerment of local community based on the review of secondary sources of information. Findings The local government institutions, particularly UP, has existed many mechanisms through which people participate in decision-making process. It is also believed that participation of community people in local government institutions is not only an opportunity for them but also an apparatus of empowerment. Hence, the process of empowerment is entrenched in the notion of participation. It is evident that the people at grass root level have been participating in UP in diverse arrangements, but the effectiveness of these participations in terms of empowerment is still meager and even lack. Originality/value Though a long time has passed after introducing these participatory mechanisms, very few studies have undertaken to assess the people’s participation in local government. Additionally, no single initiative was undertaken to assess how empowerment of marginalized people happened through these initiatives as empowering community people is the key objective of it.

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Uddin, Nasir. "Impact of Digitalization on Service Delivery of Union Parished in Bangladesh: Role of Union Digital Centers". International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, n.º 05 (26 de mayo de 2020): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.05.2020.p101104.

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Stokolos, Nadiya. "Ethnic-confessional transformations of Greco-Catholics of Transcarpathia: problems of adaptation and assimilation". Ukrainian Religious Studies, n.º 66 (26 de febrero de 2013): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.265.

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In Uzhgorod on April 24, 1646, 63 Orthodox priests (all of them were over 400), 1 accepted the union. Until the mid-1850's, the 17th century. more than 300 orthodox parishes of Transcarpathia have become uniate. In the middle of the eighteenth century, according to information provided to Rome by the Mukachevo Uniate Bishop, Van Bradach, 150,000 Uniate believers in 829 parishes with 858 churches served 690 priests. In the end, in 1769 it was officially stated that in Marmaroshi there were no nouns.

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L’Heureux, Jacques. "Les premières institutions municipales au Québec ou « machines à taxer »". Histoire du droit et des institutions 20, n.º 1-2 (12 de abril de 2005): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042320ar.

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The first general municipal institutions in Quebec were adopted by the Special Council in 1840 when Governor Sydenham found that the Act of Union did not make provision for them. These institutions included local corporations — parishes and townships — and regional corporations — the districts. Parishes and townships had very few powers. Districts had limited powers on local matters. All municipal corporations had little autonomy and were under the strict control of the Governor. Nevertheless, their creation was bound to lead to more important and more autonomous municipal institutions. French Canadians were opposed to these institutions, partly because they seemed to belong to the set of post-Rebellion measures such as the union of the two Canadas and the setting up of the Special Council, and partly because the new municipal corporations had the power to levy taxes. Their opposition succeeded in paralysing these institutions, which were replaced by new ones in 1845.

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30

Bowie, Karin. "National Opinion and the Press in Scotland before the Union of 1707". Scottish Affairs 27, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2018.0218.

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Vigorous extra-parliamentary public debate over the question of union helped to ensure that Scotland brought into the Union of 1707 a sense of itself as a nation with national opinions. Though the parliamentary electorate remained small, a meaningful number of Scots engaged in public political debate on the question of union. Petitions from shires, burghs and parishes spoke for local communities and pamphleteers presented Scottish voices through archetypal figures such as a ‘country farmer’. This allowed opponents to declare that incorporating union was inconsistent with ‘the publickly expressed mind of the nation’. After the Union, extra-parliamentary national opinion continued to be expressed and sustained by the Scottish press and petitions, contributing to the maintenance of Scottish national identity within the United Kingdom.

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Shadik, Shirajis. "Mapping the Violence and Inconsistencies of the Debut Partisan Union Parishad Election2016 of Bangladesh". Public Affairs And Governance 7, n.º 2 (2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2019.00014.6.

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Hossain, (Md Kazi Rezuan, Most Munmun Aktar y Md Shariful Islam. "People’s Voting Behavior In Local Election: A Study On Annadanagar Union Parishad , Pirgachha , Rangpur." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, n.º 03 (marzo de 2017): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2203010114.

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Anam, Abu Saief Mohammad Towhidul. "Local Government Response to Covid-19 Crisis: A Study on Union Parishad in Bangladesh". Dynamics of Public Administration 40, n.º 1 (2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0733.2023.00005.6.

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34

Bhuiyan, Md Imran Hossain, S. M. Kamrul Hassan y Kazi Maruful Islam. "Role of Community-based Organisations in Promoting Democratic Local Governance at the Grassroots in Bangladesh". Journal of Development Policy and Practice 3, n.º 2 (4 de junio de 2018): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133318772410.

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Democratic local governance (DLG) is often regarded as a necessary precondition for transforming lives and livelihoods of people living in the rural areas of developing countries. This article tries to answer how community-based organisations (CBOs) shape the way services are delivered by local government agencies in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the article explores how the community’s, especially women’s, demands and interests are being negotiated at local political institutions. In doing so, the research focuses on Union Parishad (UP) as the core institution of the local power structure and Kachukata Gram Unnayan Parishad (GUP) as the case of a women-led CBO. It has been observed that Kachukata GUP has evolved as a full-fledged CBO over the years and currently mobilises marginalised groups to establish their rights and access to various government and non-government organisations. In addition to ensuring gender-responsive governance, GUP is also creating space for participation and developing interactive relationship between the people and power at the grassroots in Bangladesh.

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35

Richard, Mark Paul. "“The Humble Parish Bank”: The Cultural Origins of the U.S. Credit Union Movement". New England Quarterly 88, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2015): 449–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00474.

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In examining the pivotal role French-Canadian Alphonse Desjardins and Franco-American parishes played in developing credit unions in the northeastern United States in the early twentieth century, this essay illustrates how issues of ethnicity, religion, and nationalism intersected successfully to shape the development of cooperative credit institutions across the international border.

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36

Kobus, Andrzej. "Kościół katolicki i życie religijne Polaków w Żytomierzu w latach 1917–1991". Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku 18 (16 de julio de 2017): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2080-8313.18.07.

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The presented article is devoted to the religious standing of Poles living in Żytomierz in the Soviet Union times. The author discusses the legal status of Roman Catholic parishes in Żytomierz and its nearest neighbourhood after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 and later on. Profiles of Żytomierz Catholic priests have been introducted who acted until the Soviet Union collapse in 1991. Furthermore, the author attempts to show the relations that the Żytomierz Poles held with Poland and her structures of the Roman Catholic Church during the USSR era.

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Ullah, Mohammad Nur. "Effectiveness of the Standing Committees of Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study of Union Parishad". Public Affairs and Governance 9, n.º 1 (2021): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2021.00002.3.

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Mia, Badsha, Seefat E. Mannan y Anil Kuman Shrestha. "Assessing the Effectiveness of the Village Court (VC) System in Promoting Access to Justice: A Case Study of Two Selected Villages in Noakhali, Bangladesh". Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation 3, n.º 3 (14 de mayo de 2023): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku1712.

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This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Village Court (VC) system in promoting access to justice in rural Bangladesh. The formal legal system in Bangladesh is expensive and time-consuming, making it difficult for underprivileged rural people to access justice. The VC system is a combination of formal and informal dispute resolution processes and has been initiated by the government to address the demand for access to justice for rural people. However, several obstacles have hampered the efficacy of the VC system, making it impossible to acquire public satisfaction in the justice process. This case study examines the effectiveness of the village court system in promoting access to justice in two selected villages in Noakhali district, Bangladesh. The study evaluates various factors that impact the success of the village court system, such as policies, procedures, acts, rules, oversight mechanisms, legal awareness, and resources available to Union Parishad officials and community members. The findings suggest that while the village court system is functional in some areas, it heavily relies on government-supported projects and is largely ineffective outside of these areas. The study provides recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the village court system, including necessary amendments to the village court act/rules, proper government monitoring and supervision, improved financial and human resources for the Union Parishad, and greater accountability and competency of all stakeholders. By addressing these issues, the village court system could become a vital tool for promoting access to justice in rural Bangladesh.

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Haq, Md Nazmul, Jannatul Ferdous y Rajib Chandra Das. "Effectiveness of Arbitration as an Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh". Journal of Governance and Social Policy 2, n.º 1 (10 de junio de 2021): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v2i1.20876.

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The structured legal system of Bangladesh is costly and takes a long time to complete. As a result, poor citizens in rural areas can seldom seek justice through the formal judicial process. The costs of hiring a lawyer, the time and money expended in court, and the amount of talent, schooling, and experience needed to litigate all act as roadblocks to justice. As a result, poor people prefer or have no choice but to use conventional justice systems such as Shalish. However, Shalish is a very informal type of local judicial practice that heavily influences rural society’s power structure. With time, people with special interests and musclemen dominate the informal justice system at the village level. Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) had arisen in the Indian subcontinent to improve the village justice system's condition. For the past 35 years, the state-led rural justice system, such as Shalish and village court, has played an essential role in resolving petty rural litigation, but at a sluggish and informal pace. In the evolving landscape of rustic political influence, this age-old court is having difficulty dispensing justice to the countryside citizens. The study looked at the existing rural informal justice systems in Bangladesh, especially the Union Parishad-led ADR, and argued that, if adequately enabled and revamped, this justice system could be a desirable alternative to the formal system of justice for people living in rural areas. The study aimed to recognize the obstacles that the Union Parishad faces in dispensing justice, both directly and indirectly (UP).

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40

Stokolos, Nadiya G. "An attempt at the ethno-confessional transformation of Orthodoxy in Poland (1923-1939)". Ukrainian Religious Studies, n.º 24 (26 de noviembre de 2002): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2002.24.1369.

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Neounia is one of the common names of the new unified church, which was introduced by the Polish Roman Catholic bishop on the Ukrainian and Byelorussian lands of Poland during the interwar period (1923-1939). This church had a number of other names: Catholicism of the Eastern Rite, Eastern Rite, Biblical (double-rite) union. Officially, it was called the Parishes of the Catholic Church of the Eastern Catholic Rite or of the Roman Catholic Church of the Eastern Rite. The Church, through which the Vatican sought to convert the "united East" into the bosom of Catholicism, was often referred to as a "government union", since it was in some cases facilitated by local government officials. The unofficial name - neounya - contrasted with the "old union" proclaimed in Brest in 1596.

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41

Rahman, Mizanur. "PARADOXES OF PARTICIPATION OF THE WOMEN LEADERS IN THE UNION PARISHAD IN BANGLADESH: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS". Journal of Community Positive Practices 19, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2019): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35782/jcpp.2019.2.05.

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42

FERDOUS, Jannatul. "DYNAMICS OF CITIZENS’ SATISFACTION ON E-SERVICE DELIVERY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS (UNION PARISHAD) IN BANGLADESH". Journal of Community Positive Practices 22, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35782/jcpp.2022.2.08.

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43

Hossain, Md Anwar. "Influence of Social Norms and Values of Rural Bangladesh on Women’s Participation in the Union Parishad". Indian Journal of Gender Studies 19, n.º 3 (octubre de 2012): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152151201900303.

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44

Fedchuk, Alexander. "VOLYN ORTHODOX MONASTICISM AS A SOURCE OF REPLENISHMENT OF THE NEO-UNION CLERGY". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, n.º 2 (47) (20 de diciembre de 2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(47).2022.266581.

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The article deals with the little-studied problem of conversion among the Volyn Orthodox monastics, who became clergy of the Neo-Union Church in the 1920s and 1930s. The Volyn Voivodeship became the region of the most significant spread of Neo-Union (Union of the Eastern Rite) in Poland, which was the embodiment of the new Vatican project of joining the church of the eastern lands. Its basis was the preservation of the Orthodox liturgical rite under the jurisdiction of the Vatican. At the initial stage of the development of the Neo-Union in Volyn, its organizers relied onthe so-called "flights," as the people called clergymen, who changed the Orthodox faith to the Uniate faith. Special hopes were placed on monasticism, which was seen as a kind of vanguard of neo-Union in Poland. In the spring of 1926, the Catholic bishop of Lutsk, Adolf Shelonzek, planned to form a monastery of the Eastern rite in the village of Zahoriv Horokhiv district. However, as it turned out, there were quite a few representatives of monasticism in Volyn who dared to take the path of conversion. They were enough only to serve a few parishes and were not enough to open at least one monastic center in the voivodeship. Our research collected biographical data about these persons, among whom the inhabitants of the Miletsky Monastery and the monks of the Pochaiv Lavra predominated. The reasons for the apostasy of the "flights," which were caused by conflicts with the Orthodox spiritual authorities, removal from church service for immoral behavior, and material benefit, were traced. Special attention was paid to the activity of "flights" in the new denomination because almost every one of them changed several parishes in Volyn. The article shows the tragic fate of these clergymen, some of whom became victims of Ukrainian-Polish confrontations during the Second World War or Soviet post-war repressions.

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Meneses, Nuno Filipe da Silva, Paula Gomes dos Santos y Carlos Santos Pinho. "Assessment of The Efficiency of The Territorial Administrative Reorganization of The Parishes of The District of Braga". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, n.º 3 (11 de marzo de 2024): e04841. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-100.

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether the reorganization of parishes carried out in Portugal, in the District of Braga, in 2013, is the one that enhances the greatest efficiency gains. Theoretical framework: The study is based on the relationship between financial sustainability, efficiency, and territory, seeking the optimal dimension of the local power unit. Methodology: The study is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, using data from the parishes of the district of Braga in two moments, the year 2012 and the year 2015. For this year, a new territorial reorganization was also proposed and analysed. Results and Conclusions: The reform increased efficiency in 10 of the 14 municipalities. However, it was possible to observe that a reorganization that gives the parishes a larger size, that is, closer to the average seen in the European Union, would bring average efficiency gains in all municipalities. Thus, it is concluded that the reform of the parishes carried out in 2013 in the district of Braga is not the one that allows greater efficiency, since this can be enhanced if they benefit from a larger geographical scale. Research implications: The research contributes to the knowledge of the efficiency of territorial reforms, namely, regarding the impact of the dimension in this context, as well as to the evaluation of the public policy adopted, allowing the public decision-maker to make a sound and sustained decision. Originality/value: This study is original because it studies smaller units of local government, the parishes, on which research is very incipient, namely in Portugal.

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46

Fedchuk, Alexander. "THE DUBNO SEMINARY OF THE EASTERN RITE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEO-UNION PROCESS IN VOLYN". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, n.º 1 (48) (11 de junio de 2023): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280209.

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А Union of the Eastern Rite, also called neo-Union, appeared in Volyn in 1925. Its widening took place under the control of Lutsk Catholic Bishop Adolf Shelonzhek, and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic clergy was not allowed to participate in this process. In the absence of a separate neo-Union clergy, the bishop relied on apostates from Orthodoxy, known as "defections" by the people, who underwent short-term retraining at the Lutsk Catholic Seminary and also temporarily transferred certain Latin priests to the Eastern Rite. Since this staff policy did not justify itself, in the autumn of 1928, Shelonzhek opened a Seminary of the Eastern Rite in Dubno. Due to unresolved financial problems, it stopped functioning in a year and resumed work only in 1931, when it was taken over by the Vatican, where the curriculum was drawn up. Reverend Anthony Dabrovskyi was appointed to be the rector of the Seminary. Although the main burden of financing the educational institution continued to be borne by the Lutsk Diocese, most of its students came from outside Volyn and were appointed to the Uniate parishes of other voivodeships after graduation. The teachers of the Dubno Seminary changed often, and the number of simultaneous students rarely exceeded forty people for five courses, tending to decrease in the second half of the 1930s. The spiritual care of the seminarians was carried out by the apostolic visitor, Bishop Mykola Charnetskyi, who ordained the graduates to holy orders but had no influence on their parish appointments. By 1939, only 23 graduates of the Dubno Seminary became priests, of which only six received parishes in the Lutsk Diocese. After the establishment of Soviet power in Volyn, the educational institution ceased its work, and its property was nationalized.

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47

Molodov, Oleg. "CLOSING OF ORTHODOX PARISHES IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE 1950s – 1980s". Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2015): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2015.4.35.

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48

Sarker, Abu Elias y Faraha Nawaz. "Clientelism, Partyarchy and Democratic Backsliding: A Case Study of Local Government Elections in Bangladesh". South Asian Survey 26, n.º 1 (marzo de 2019): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523119843692.

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In a developing country like Bangladesh, the devolved local government system is widely recognized as one of the key institutional forms for the citizen-centric public service delivery system and ensuring democratic governance at the grassroots level. However, the democratic nature of local governments and their effective role in rendering services are contingent upon the political and institutional environments of the country. Competitive electoral process is key to local democratic governance. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implications of contemporary political order and institutional environments for the proper functioning of the Union Parishad (council), the lowest tier of the local government system in Bangladesh. More specifically, this study will reflect on how political clientelism, partyarchy and institutional environments have stymied competitive electoral politics at the local level which may result in democratic backsliding.

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49

Aminur Rahman, Syed Mohammad. "Prospects of PPP in Expanding ICT Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Case of Union Digital Center". International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, n.º 2 (24 de enero de 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n2p163.

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ICTs have appeared to be one of the driving factors of modern economic growth with multilayered impacts on different aspects of the economy and society particularly in developing countries. However, due to infrastructural bottlenecks and huge initial investment requirements, although public and private sectors have been working with their respective motives, a vast majority of population in Bangladesh especially in the rural areas still do not have functional access to internet facilities and digital services. On the above backdrop, based on the survey of secondary sources of information, this paper attempts to review the prospects of public private partnership in expanding ICTs and digital services in rural Bangladesh and as to what extent it contributes to reducing digital divide and achieving broader development objectives. Drawing from the experiences of other developing countries and thoroughly taking into account the case of union information and service centers in Union Parishad level in Bangladesh, this paper makes it evident that neither pubic nor private bodies can render the poor and rural people the access to digital services in a segregated manner except without a joint endeavour or partnership for good. It is emphasized that PPP can be a viable option in expanding digital internet services to the poor and marginalized population in rural Bangladesh.

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50

Radzilowski, John. "Poles in Illinois: A Brief Historical Outline". Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (20 de diciembre de 2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.8s.

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This article presents an outline history of the Polish community in Illinois from the 19th century to the present day. It describes and characterises the various waves of immigration of Poles to this state, during which the Polish community consolidated, Polish organisations were established (Polish Roman Catholic Union, Polish National Alliance, Polish Women’s Alliance) and their integration with the American society unfolded. The main physical and spiritual centres of support were the parishes. The article also presents the activity of the Polish community in Illinois in modern times, its reactions to events in Poland in the 20th century and its current perception of Polish culture.

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