Literatura académica sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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Aristov, Stanislav V. y Valentina N. Aristova. "The role of communication in the survival of Nazi concentration camp prisoners". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 480 (2023): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/10.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.
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Golysheva, Natalia. "„Atrastos“ senos istorijos: sovietmečio mitai apie 1918–1919 m. Vakarų sąjungininkų intervenciją į Rusijos šiaurę karo Ukrainoje kontekste. Mudjugo koncentracijos stovyklos muziejaus atvejis". Politologija 112, n.º 4 (14 de febrero de 2024): 44–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2023.112.2.
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The mythology of the foreign interference into the Russian civil war goes to the heart of the memory politics in Putin’s Russia today, most recently in connection with the invasion in Ukraine. In a bid to unite the country against perceived threats from the NATO alliance, the Russian leadership engages Soviet narratives going back to the Allied intervention into North Russia in 1918–1920, as a deterrent against association with the West. During Soviet times multiple memorials were created in the North to the victims of intervention in support of this narrative. Central to it was the Mudyug ‘concentration camp’ museum, established to demonstrate the atrocities of the intervention forces. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union this museum was branded as propaganda and eventually got decommissioned. Yet after Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent war with Ukraine, the old intervention narratives saw a comeback. Backed by the state, the local memory activists in Arkhangelsk in North Russia took to restoring the Mudyug camp museum as a forepost of patriotic tourism in the region.
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Shikhlyarova, Alla Ivanovna, Elena Mikhaylovna Frantsiyants, Galina Vitalyevna Zhukova, Natalia D. Cheryarina, Tatiana Albertovna Barteneva, Tatiana P. Protasova, Elena Alekseevna Shirnina, Tatiana Anatolevna Kurkina y Marina Igorevna Bragina. "Systemic effects of cAMP in chemotherapy for Heren’s carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2017): e14052-e14052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14052.
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e14052 Background: Along with tumor itself, mechanisms of regulation of homeostasis are the target for tumor progression inhibition. The brain, various organs and tumor have different resources of energetic and metabolic substrates. Involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into intimate mechanisms of proliferation, hormonal and energetic homeostasis indicates the possibility to use this factor in chemotherapy of tumors to improve the resistance of the organism. The purpose of the study was to analyze levels of endogenous cAMP in tumor and in organs as a criterium of systemic body response to chemotherapy with cAMP application. Methods: The study included 56 male Wistar rats with Heren’s carcinoma receiving peritumoral injections of cyclophosphan (CP) 50 mcg/kg (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) alone and in combination with cAMP (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), P.O. at a concentration of 0.01%. cAMP levels in homogenates of organs and tumors were measured by immunoradiometric assay (Immunotech, Czech Republic) using Arian radiometer (Vitaco, Russia). Data were processed using Statistica 6. Results: cAMP levels in growing tumors in rats without treatment (the control) were maximal (7.03±1.5 nmol/L). CP injections alone during inhibition of carcinoma growth allowed the reduction of tumor cAMP level by 3.3 times. Combination of CP and cAMP resulted in tumor regression, and endogenous cAMP levels in tumor decreased by 10 times compared with the control. Similar dynamics of cAMP reductions was noted in the adrenal glands. The lungs, thymus, lymph nodes and especially the testes and the brain, on the contrary, showed accumulation of cAMP to the normal levels and higher. Conclusions: The range of cAMP levels in organs and tumors of rats receiving combination of CP and cAMP demonstrated the development of adaptive and regenerative processes in organs responsible for the neuroendocrine regulation, suppression of stimulation of stress-realizing systems and metabolic support of the processes of increasing non-specific antitumor resistance along with inhibited proliferative activity of tumors.
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Yurchenko, Tatiana. ""COMRADE PRINCE". BOOK REVIEW: EFIMOV M.V., SMITH G. SVYATOPOLK-MIRSKY". RZ-Literaturovedenie, n.º 3 (2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/lit/2021.03.03.
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His review article discusses the first Russian «experiment in reconstruction» of the biography of Prince D.S. Svyatopolk-Mirsky (1890-1939), the literary critic and historian, author of the world-famous book «A history of Russian literature». The life path of Svyatopolk-Mirsky is traced in details, his texts are also being discussed. The legacy of «comrade prince», who died in the concentration camp in Russian Far East more than 80 years ago, has been becoming a subject of interest in Russia over recent years, and this book is just in time to fill the gap in the knowledge of his life and thoughts.
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Kara-Murza, Alexei A. "Eastern theocracy in Northern Eurasia: “The Ways of Russia” in the historiosophy of I. I. Bunakov-Fondaminsky". Philosophy Journal 14, n.º 2 (2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2021-14-2-5-20.
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The article examines the question of the evolution of the philosophical and historical views of the Russian intellectual and politician Ilya Isidorovich Fondaminsky (1880–1942; literary and political pseudonym “Bunakov”). A native of a Jewish merchant family who studied philosophy in Berlin and Heidelberg and an active socialist-revolutionary, I.I. Bunakov-Fondaminsky became one of the key figures of the Russian emigration. During the German occupation of France, he received Orthodox baptism and ended his life in a Nazi concentration camp (in 2004, he was canonized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople). The author focuses on the historiosophical concept of “Ways of Russia”, set forth by I.I. Bunakov-Fondaminsky in the articles of the 1920s and 1940s in the Parisian emigrant magazines “Modern Notes” and “Novy Grad”. According to Bunakov-Fondaminsky, historical Russia is “The East in the North”, and its fate is the history of the “eastern theocracy in the north of Eurasia”, for several centuries “irradiated” by the western waves.
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Kozhukhov, N. A. "Penitentiary institutions of town of Morshansk at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries". History: facts and symbols, n.º 4 (20 de diciembre de 2023): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-37-4-119-129.
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Introduction. The relevance of this article is due to the study of the penitentiary system of Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries using the example of the county town of Morshansk, Tambov province. The chronological framework covers the period of Tsarist Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, as well as the period of the Civil War until its end. Based on the materials presented in the work, a comparative analysis is given, the result of the effectiveness of the state policy in the penitentiary sector using the example of a county town. By the end of the 19th century, imprisonment became the main type of punishment for criminals as a result of the modernization processes of the second half of the 19th century. The problems that persisted throughout the long period of formation of the prison system, namely the lack of funds for the improvement of prison institutions, constant overcrowding due to the increase in the number of crimes, were most clearly reflected in the district towns, therefore it would be fair to study the effectiveness of the policy of Tsarist Russia in this area using the example of district towns. After the revolutionary events of 1917, the penitentiary system experienced new changes in connection with the policies of the new government. The new places of detention that emerged on the ruins of old ones presented new problems in the penitentiary sphere during the Civil War. Specifying the Tambov province of this period, it is worth mentioning the peasant uprising of 1920-1921, during the suppression of which the concentration camp system was used. The new places of detention that have appeared in Morshansk are of substantive interest in the framework of the study of penitentiary policy in early Soviet Russia. Materials and methods. This study was based on archival documents of the State Archive of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region, published documents on the Morshansky Zemstvo and materials reviews of the Tambov province. Thanks to the historical-systemic approach, the penitentiary systems of the ―two Russias‖ were analyzed. The statistical method showed the number of prisoners in Morshansk prisons for the specified period. Results. Based on the analysis of archival sources, a comparative analysis of the penitentiary models of Tsarist Russia and Russia of the period 1917-1922 was carried out using the example of the district town of Morshansk. The situation of the Morshansk prisons before 1917 confirmed the general conclusions about the penitentiary policy of Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries with the problems of financing, conditions of serving sentences, and labor organization. The established concentration camp system during the Civil War in the Tambov province acted as a punitive measure during the suppression of the Tambov uprising, rather than as an evolutionary stage in the establishment of the penitentiary system of early Soviet Russia. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of the "two Russias" on the example of the county town of Morshansk with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on the penitentiary sphere of Russia.
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Kuznetsova, Valentina P. y Elena V. Markovskaya. "Folklore Archive and Historical Reality (Based on the Archive Materials of the Institute of Language, Literature and History, Karelian Research Centre RAS)". Studia Litterarum 5, n.º 4 (2020): 338–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-4-338-357.
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The paper discusses the content of one of the largest folklore archives in Russia belonging to the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Systematic work of collecting folklore, carried out for more than 100 years, contributed to the creation of archives reflecting the historical events of an entire era. In the 1930s a new historical period began, giving life to the new forms of epic art — the so-called “novinas,” held in the Archive. During the Great World War, prisoners of the Finnish concentration camps created the so-called pieces of camp folklore, reviving the genre of lamentation. In the postwar period, researches were urged to deal with “Soviet” folklore, and not with the “frozen” forms of folk art. The archival materials collected among the representatives of deported people — Ingrian Finns — bear witness of the historical time. In the second half of the 20th century ideological pressure in the folkloristic studies continued, as superstitions and prejudices were sought to be eradicated, and the collection of folklore reflecting folk religious beliefs was not welcomed.
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Соколова, Е. А. y Л. В. Павлова. "From the history of the use of money surrogates in the form of banknotes in places of deprivation of liberty". Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System, n.º 8(255) (24 de agosto de 2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2023-255-8-20-27.
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Действующее российское законодательство запрещает выпуск и обращение денежных суррогатов на территории России, но при этом четкого определения самого понятия денежного суррогата не приводит, чем существенно затрудняет реализацию установленного запрета. В условиях разнообразия средств, форм и способов совершения платежей, используемых в современной финансовой системе, представляется актуальным уточнение содержания данного понятия на основе практики использования лагерных бонов в местах лишения свободы в период Первой и Второй мировых войн, а также в лагерях особого назначения ОГПУ в первой половине XX века. Цель работы состоит в выявлении функций лагерных квазиденег, отличающих их от функций легальных денежных знаков, определении причин и условий использования денежных суррогатов в местах заключения. Проведенное с использованием сравнительно-исторического и аналитического методов исследование фактов, свидетельствующих об обращении в местах заключения (лагерях для военнопленных, концлагерях и гетто) денежных суррогатов, позволило заключить, что основными функциями лагерных квазиденег были поощрение заключенных за труд и предотвращение побегов. Классические функции денег носили в данном случае вспомогательный характер. В целом денежные суррогаты выступали одним из средств обеспечения режима содержания заключенных. Полученный авторами вывод может быть использован для дальнейшего исследования финансово-правовой природы денежных суррогатов. The current Russian legislation prohibits the issue and circulation of money surrogates on the territory of Russia, but at the same time does not provide a clear definition of the very concept of a money surrogate, which significantly complicates the implementation of the established ban. In the context of a variety of means, forms and methods of making payments used in the modern financial system, it seems relevant to clarify the content of this concept based on the practice of using camp booms in places of deprivation of liberty during the First and Second World Wars, as well as in special purpose camps of the USPO in the first half of the XX century. The purpose of the work is to identify the functions of camp quasi-money, which distinguish them from the functions of legal banknotes, to determine the reasons and conditions for the use of money surrogates in places of detention. The examination of facts conducted using comparative historical and analytical methods, indicate the circulation of monetary surrogates in places of detention (prisoner of war camps, concentration camps and ghettos) led to the conclusion that the main functions of camp quasi-money were to encourage prisoners for work and prevent escapes. The classical functions of money were in this case auxiliary. In general, monetary surrogates acted as one of the means of ensuring the regime of detention of prisoners. The conclusion obtained by the authors can be used for further research of the financial and legal nature of money surrogates.
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Vvedenskaya, Еlena V. "Auschwitz and the Gulag: Remember Impossible (to) Forget". Chelovek 33, n.º 5 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070022794-0.
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The article explores the problem of memory and oblivion on the example of the tragic events of the 20th century associated with Auschwitz and the Gulag. The choice of this problem for analysis is due to its relevance by today, since in modern public life discussions about Stalin's repressions and the policy of Nazism haven’t lost their sharpness. Critical analysis and an unbiased assessment of these events today are faced with the phenomenon of “post-truth”, which generates a corresponding narrative, in which specific facts and analytical conclusions have less persuasive power than ready-made interpretations. The article discusses the question of how this issue fits into the global agenda as a whole, and whether it is particularly relevant for Russia due to its historical and cultural characteristics. Based on the works of modern philosophers, in particular, Valery Podoroga’s “Time after. Auschwitz and the Gulag: to think absolute evil”, an attempt is made to identify the main fractures of human subjectivity and the points of splitting of the individual. The destructive transformation of the human who has passed the test of a concentration camp manifests itself through the psychological state of the subject, the reflex work of the body, and as a result of bodily manipulations. However, Podoroga considers not exactly the survival in inhuman conditions, but continuation of life after the camp experience, as the main problem. If survival is a physiological overcoming; then life after survival is an existential struggle with the past so painfully experienced, which haunts and tries to constantly remind of itself. The evil of the past days has not been dissolved in the past, has not been fully comprehended either. The reasons for its origin have not been overcome and persist in the present. Until the tragic mistakes of the past are worked out, society will not find an incentive for moral development. The conducted research allows us to conclude that it is necessary to strive to recognize the Absolute Evil in various guises and prevent new humanitarian disasters, restoring memory and historical justice by realizing and experiencing guilt in one's own history, since memory is one of the main foundations of culture.
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Sinichenko, Vladimir V. y Sergey M. Belozertsev. "Affaire of the American Consul Moser (1915) in Light of Previously Unpublished Documents from the Fonds of the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region". Herald of an archivist, n.º 4 (2022): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1212-1221.
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The history of Russian-American relations is full of various dramatic moments. There were periods of strategic partnership and alliance, but also those of aggravation of diplomatic and trade relations during the so-called Cold War. One thing persists from the moment the United States was formed in the 18th century to early 21st century: Russia and the United States have been allies in all military conflicts or maintained mutual neutrality. At the same time, as history shows, among political and bureaucratic elites of the United States, there have always been opponents of Russia as a geopolitical entity who provided direct assistance to its military opponents. One of these episodes occurred in 1915, when Moser, the American consul in the city of Harbin located on the territory of the Chinese Eastern Railway — a highway that ran along Manchuria and connected Chita with Vladivostok — found himself an object of cultivation of the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate. The article introduces into scientific use a document which permits to assess the degree of involvement of the American diplomat in the release of German prisoners of war, which caused a diplomatic demarche of Russia, expulsion of the consul, and, accordingly, a diplomatic scandal in Russian-American relations in 1915. This document is court opinion of November 6, 1915 of the investigator for especially important cases of the Irkutsk District Court M.S. Strazov based on secret survey of the captain of a separate corps of border guards, assistant to the head of the department at the gendarmerie-police directorate of the Chinese Eastern Railway A. M. Bokastov who had carried out the surveyance; on protocol of interrogation of non-commissioned officer Karl Schultz who fled the Russian camp in Western Siberia (in the city of Tara, Tobolsk gubernia) and was supported by the American diplomat; and on protocol of interrogation of J. E. Mandelstam accused of organizing this escape. Through the agency of their employees insinuated in groups of German officers who fled from the Russian camps in Siberia to China territories, the heads of gendarmerie directorate learned that the American diplomat not only supplied prisoners of war with money for escape, but also recommended them to makers of falsified documents and guides transporting runaways. Cultivation undertaken in 1915 by the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate resulted in arrest of Russian subjects of German and Jewish origin who, for various reasons, participated in organization of escapes of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war from concentration camps located in Siberia and in the Far East.
Tesis sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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Alloy, Phillip C. "The Role of Jewish Women as Primary Organizers of the Minsk Ghetto Resistance During the World War II German Occupation". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372291273.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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Veltheim, Olavi. Shattered illusions: Lost hopes in 1920s Soviet Russia. Bury St. Edmunds: Arena Books, 2014.
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Better, Julian. Jag var barn i Gulag. Stockholm]: A. Bonnier, 2013.
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Eskola, Ants. Härra Ants: Ants Eskola kirjad Hugo Laurile Solikamski vangilaagrist. Tallinn: Eesti Teatri- ja Muusikamuuseum, 2005.
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Laur, Hugo. Sõber Hugo: Hugo Lauri kirjad Ants Eskolale Solikamski vangilaagrisse ; [koostaja, Irja Vaher]. Tallinn: Eesti Teatri- ja Muusikamuuseum, 2006., 2006.
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Zīle, Jānis. Aiz kadra palikušie: Dokumentāls romāns. Rīga: Nordik, 1996.
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Lerner, Joe. Farewell to Russia: Memoirs of an alleged 'American spy'. Atlanta: Minerva, 1999.
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Rislakki, Jukka. Vorkuta!: Vankileirin kapina ja sen suomalainen johtohahmo. Helsinki: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 2013.
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Rumin, Ursula. Im Frauen-GULag am Eismeer. München: Herbig, 2005.
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Wilmanns, Hergart. Blumen im Beton: Russlandreisen mit und ohne Pass. Nürnberg: Spätlese, 2001.
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Czernielewski, Konrad. Rozstrzelany życia los--: Kozielsk, Ostaszków, Starobielsk. Łódź: [s.n.], 1997.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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Caplan, Jane. "9. From terror to genocide". En Nazi Germany: A Very Short Introduction, 114–34. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198706953.003.0009.
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War sanctioned and normalized mass terror and murder, blunted ethical reservations, and emphasized the insignificance of individual lives compared with the survival of the ‘Aryan’ race and utopian visions of its future. ‘From terror to genocide’ considers how the Nazi regime moved from persecution to mass murder—from the expanded concentration camp system to the ‘euthanasia’ of the mentally and physically handicapped—and pays close attention to the complicated path by which a ‘final solution of the Jewish question’—genocide—emerged in eastern Europe and Russia.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Ukhta (Russia : Concentration camp)"
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CIUBOTARU, Nicolae. "Constantin Leancă – the hero of the romanian nation from Movileni". En Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v3.25-03-2022.p116-124.
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The president Constantin Leancă of Zemstvei, Bălți county, is originally from Movileni village, Cuhnești commune, Bălți county (today Glodeni district) was born on 10 April 1893. In the 1915 is mobilized in the army, Russian imperian and participated in the First World War. In 1917 he is elected president of the Balți, Zemstva. On 3 March, 1918 Zemstva deputies voted for union with România. Over the years 1919-1940 he was elected deputy in the Romanian parliament 7 times. On 28 June, 1940, soviet armies occupy Bessarabia, and Constantin Leancă in arrested and sentenced to 8 years in prison. The Romanian patriot from Bălți County died in 1942, in a Soviet concentration camp, from the Gorki region, Russia. By decision of the R.S.S.M. since January 9, 1990 it has been rehabilitated. A plaque commemorating C. Leanca was erected at his birthplace.