Artículos de revistas: "Typewritten Documents"

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Fatima, Fatima. "Forensics Analysis of Typewriter and Typewritten Documents". International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 3, n.º 3 (6 de septiembre de 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2019.030340.

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This article reviews the forensic examination of the typewriter and typewritten documents. The main purpose of examination is to identify the source or origin of the typewritten documents or the link between two typescripts that can be vital to a court of law. Immense application of the typewriter increased the production of fraudulent documents for deceit. Typewritten documents are examined using scientific methods based on class and individual characteristics. These are physical and chemical methods of observation and comparison.

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Fatima, Fatima. "Forensics Analysis of Typewriter and Typewritten Documents". International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 3, n.º 3 (6 de septiembre de 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2020.030340.

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This article reviews the forensic examination of the typewriter and typewritten documents. The main purpose of examination is to identify the source or origin of the typewritten documents or the link between two typescripts that can be vital to a court of law. Immense application of the typewriter increased the production of fraudulent documents for deceit. Typewritten documents are examined using scientific methods based on class and individual characteristics. These are physical and chemical methods of observation and comparison.

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3

Warias, C. "A Case Report Associating A Correctable Typewriter Film Ribbon With Questioned Typewritten Documents". Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 29, n.º 2 (enero de 1996): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.1996.10757053.

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Stančić, Hrvoje y Željko Trbušić. "Optimisation of archival processes involving digitisation of typewritten documents". Aslib Journal of Information Management 72, n.º 4 (16 de julio de 2020): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-11-2019-0326.

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PurposeThe authors investigate optical character recognition (OCR) technology and discuss its implementation in the context of digitisation of archival materials.Design/methodology/approachThe typewritten transcripts of the Croatian Writers' Society from the mid-60s of the 20th century are used as the test data. The optimal digitisation setup is investigated in order to obtain the best OCR results. This was done by using the sample of 123 pages digitised at different resolution settings and binarisation levels.FindingsA series of tests showed that different settings produce significantly different results. The best OCR accuracy achieved at the test sample of the typewritten documents was 95.02%. The results show that the resolution is significantly more important than binarisation pre-processing procedure for achieving better OCR results.Originality/valueBased on the research results, the authors give recommendations for achieving optimal digitisation process setup with the aim of increasing the quality of OCR results. Finally, the authors put the research results in the context of digitisation of cultural heritage in general and discuss further investigation possibilities.

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Weeraratna, Thanuja. "Application of Ink Chemistry to Unveil Document Forgeries". International Journal of Forensic Sciences 9, n.º 3 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000408.

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The Examination of Questioned Documents (EQD) Laboratory in Sri Lanka is the sole institution authorized to issue case reports to courts of law and other law enforcement agencies. The EQD lab handles a wide range of cases involving questioned documents, including handwriting and signature analysis, counterfeit documents, typewritten documents, charred documents, and questioned rubber stamp impressions, among others. Questioned document cases often involve alterations, additions, and obliterations made with visually similar inks. Although these inks may appear alike, they can be distinguished due to differences in their chemical composition. The non-destructive physical examination of inks on documents typically involves microscopic examination under visible light, followed by analysis using other selective spectral regions, such as ultraviolet and infrared, available in the VSC 8000 (Foster+Freeman, UK). Writing inks with different chemical compounds react differently to various light sources, making this variation valuable for identifying forgeries in questioned documents.

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A.Desai, Apurva. "Segmentation of Characters from Old Typewritten Documents using Radon Transform". International Journal of Computer Applications 37, n.º 9 (28 de enero de 2012): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/4635-6683.

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Rubinchik, Olga E. "“Please, Help Me in My Great Sorrow”. Concerning Akhmatova’s Efforts to Free Her Son (New Details) Article one". Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 3 (2023): 90–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2713-3133-2023-3-90-143.

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This paper is about Anna Akhmatova’s attempts to free her son after his arrest in 1949. There has been a lot of literature on the subject, especially by the literary scholar, Emma Gerstein, who took a dedicated part in Akhmatova’s efforts. This paper makes a number of unpublished material from 1954–1956 from Gerstein’s archive at the Russian State Library (fond 641). First of all, these are letters of petition from Akhmatova to writers, prominent literary and party functionaries Mikhail Sholokhov (two: an authorized typewritten draft and Akhmatova’s autograph) and Aleksandr Fadeev (one: a typewritten draft with amendments by Gerstein). There is also a handwritten letter of acknowledgement from Akhmatova to Gerstein and a text called by Emma Grigorievna “Explanations by E.G. Gerstein to A.A. Akhmatova’s letters addressed to M.A. Sholokhov and A.A. Fadeev and to some other documents on the case of her son”. “Some other documents” are the petitions for Gumilev mentioned by Gerstein in the press but not published by her, written by major scholars: two by the orientalist, Vasily Struve, one each by archaeologists Aleksei Okladnikov and Mikhail Artamonov. Three petitions have been published, one has not yet been published and will be published here for the first time, together with other unknown materials. Among the new materials there is also a letter from Akhmatova to the poet and venerable literary functionary figure Aleksei Surkov, not from the Gerstein archive, although thematically related to the rest of them. The paper consists of two parts (articles). The first part includes Akhmatova’s letters to Sholokhov and petitions from scholars, typewritten copies of which are appended to the second letter. The petitions are descriptions of Lev Gumilev, “a very valuable specialist” and “an honest Soviet man” (Struve), and contain requests for an expedited review of his case and to return “the outstanding researcher of Central and Middle Asian peoples’ history” “to a real life in science” (Okladnikov). The second article, which will appear in the next issue, includes Akhmatova’s letters to Fadeev and Surkov. The publication of the letters is accompanied by Gerstein’s “Explanations” and an extensive commentary.

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Smida, Matej. "Možnosti automatickej transkripcie v platforme Transkribus na príklade správ o vybavovaní sťažností občanov v období komunistickej diktatúry". Acta historica Neosoliensia 26, n.º 1 (4 de octubre de 2023): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/ahn.2023.26.01.125-148.

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This thesis discusses the basic options of work in an application Transkribus, about its benefits, pitfalls and innovations that we presented in the selected sample of archival documents with the topic of citizen complaints during the governance of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia in the 1948-1989. Gradually we have documented the process of working with historical sources in Transkribus, preparation, transcription and the results. Because we focused on typewritten documents only, we compared the results with other ways and options of transcription, we evaluated their usability, which leads to interesting conclusions and results. The thesis is also supported by statistical indicators and pictorial schedules on the basis of which we have did specific conclusions. In the thesis we also present the issue of citizen complaints as a topic of historical research.

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Ofer, Yosef. "Rabbi Herzog, S. Y. Agnon, and the Prayer for the Welfare of the State of Israel". Iyunim Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 38 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-38a149.

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The Prayer for the Peace of the State of Israel, recited in synagogues in Israel and in Jewish communities around the world, was formulated in 1948 by Chief Rabbis Isaac Herzog and Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel with the participation of the author S.Y. Agnon. For years there has been a debate about Agnon's role in creating the prayer, but only some of the documents related to this matter were available to the scholars. The article discusses a hitherto unexplored typewritten page claimed to be the draft Rabbi Herzog sent to S.Y. Agnon, as a proposal for the composition of the prayer. A comparison of this document with the prayer in Agnon's handwriting makes it possible to determine precisely where Agnon’s contribution lies. The position I express in the article disputes that of Joel Rappel in his book Between Prayer and Politics (Hebrew, 2018).

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Кюрегян, Т. С. "Yuri Nikolaevich Tyulin about Musicians and Musicology (Interview with Yu. N. Kholopov of 1 February 1968)". Журнал Общества теории музыки, n.º 1(25) (1 de abril de 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/otmroo.2019.25.1.002.

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Вниманию читателя предлагается первая публикация состоявшейся в 1968 году беседы двух выдающихся отечественных музыковедов — Ю. Н. Тюлина и Ю. Н. Холопова. Материал подготовлен к печати Т. С. Кюрегян на основе машинописных документов из личного архива Ю. Н. Холопова, а также дополнен предисловием и комментариями. Readers are invited to the first publication of the conversation of two prominent Russian musicologists Yu. N. Tyulin and Yu. N. Kholopov which took place in 1968. The material is prepared for publication by T. S. Kyuregyan on the basis of typewritten documents from the personal archive of Yu. N. Kholopov, and supplemented with introduction and commentaries.

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Lukas, Wolfgang, Dana Machwitz y Bastian Politycki. "Pörtner & Wühr: Spuren des Original-Ton-Hörspiels zwischen Wuppertal und München". editio 37, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2023): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/editio-2023-0007.

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Abstract The Wuppertal exhibition Pörtner & Wühr: Spuren des Original-Ton-Hörspiels zwischen Wuppertal und München, which was shown from November 2022 to January 2023 in the University Library of Wuppertal represented an attempt to provide an insight into the production workshop of two pioneers of original tone radio plays, Paul Pörtner (1925–1984) and Paul Wühr (1927–2016). Selected handwritten and typewritten documents from the bequests of the two authors made the genesis and production aesthetics vivid. The analogue exposition was complemented by a media station that offered an additional digital exhibition space for in-depth exploration.

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Kosach, Grigory G. "Egyptian Communists and the Free Officer Regime in the Mid-1950s: Conflict and Confrontation". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 4 (2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640019503-1.

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The publication of the document Draft Tactics. For the Overthrow of the Military Dictatorship. For the Establishment of a National Democratic Government is preceded by an introductory article which examines the development path of the Egyptian communist movement. The focus is on a key moment in the history of the movement, namely the communist attempt to oppose the military regime of the Free Officers established in the country in 1952. Having failed to become their ally, the Egyptian supporters of the Marxist idea chose a course of open confrontation with the army officers. A typewritten copy of the Draft Tactics is held at the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI). This document is part of a larger dossier that includes minutes from the August 1955 meetings of the “unity committee” that resulted in the creation of the Unified Egyptian Communist Party. The documents were translated from Arabic by Soviet embassy officials in Cairo and, according to a note accompanying the dossier and signed by Soviet Foreign Minister A.A. Gromyko, were sent by Soviet Ambassador in Egypt D.S. Solod to the Soviet Foreign Ministry, from where they were forwarded to the CPSU Central Committee.

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Kaur, Gurvir y Ajit Kumar. "A Study of Techniques and Challenges in Text Recognition Systems". International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, n.º 8 (20 de septiembre de 2023): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i8.8008.

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The core system for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and digitalization is Text Recognition. These systems are critical in bridging the gaps in digitization produced by non-editable documents, as well as contributing to finance, health care, machine translation, digital libraries, and a variety of other fields. In addition, as a result of the pandemic, the amount of digital information in the education sector has increased, necessitating the deployment of text recognition systems to deal with it. Text Recognition systems worked on three different categories of text: (a) Machine Printed, (b) Offline Handwritten, and (c) Online Handwritten Texts. The major goal of this research is to examine the process of typewritten text recognition systems. The availability of historical documents and other traditional materials in many types of texts is another major challenge for convergence. Despite the fact that this research examines a variety of languages, the Gurmukhi language receives the most focus. This paper shows an analysis of all prior text recognition algorithms for the Gurmukhi language. In addition, work on degraded texts in various languages is evaluated based on accuracy and F-measure.

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Santucci, Anna y J. P. Uhlenbrock. "Cyrene Papers: The Final Report. Richard Norton's Exploration of the Northern Necropolis of Cyrene (24 October 1910 – 4 May 1911): From Archives to Archaeological Contexts". Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 9–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000964x.

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AbstractThe rock-cut tombs of Cyrene's Northern Necropolis have survived to the present day in a pitifully ruinous state because of the looting that has taken place since antiquity and because of their frequent re-use as dwellings or stables. An important archive of typewritten reports, photographs, sketches, and correspondence pertaining to this necropolis is preserved principally in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and documents the first officially-sanctioned archaeological excavation at Cyrene. This was conducted by an American archaeological mission lead by Richard Norton from October 1910 to the end of April 1911 and was jointly sponsored by the Archaeological Institute of America and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The documents, particularly those that chronicle the excavation of four tombs and their associated finds, represent an important resource for our understanding of the history of the exploration of this necropolis. They not only offer information on individual monuments, but they also illustrate the typological range of artefacts selected for funerary ritual from the late Classical period into the second century AD, but principally during the Hellenistic period. Additionally, the documents reveal particular funerary practices, such as the successive re-use of tombs that took place at least from the late Hellenistic period onwards.

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Ilyasova, Albina Ya. "Alphabetical Lists of Confirmed and Ascribed Nobles of the Ufa and Orenburg Gubernias of the Russian Empire as a Historical source: The Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2020): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-627-639.

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The article presents the results of the source studies analyses of the alphabetical lists of confirmed and ascribed nobles of the Ufa and Orenburg gubernias from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). Imperially approved opinion of the State Council of the Russian Empire (January 2, 1861) ordered national noble assemblies to send annually to the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate “alphabetical lists of noble families during the year confirmed in their nobility by the Governing Senate” and “similar lists of those families, to which, in the course of the year, were attached some individuals.” Most of these lists are preserved in the materials of the “Third Department of the Senate” fond of the Russian State Historical Archive. The archives holds original copies of 39 reports and 65 lists, including 28 lists of confirmed nobles, and 37 — of ascribed, which were sent to the to the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate by the Orenburg Noble Assembly in 1862-1917; and 48 reports and 89 lists, including 41 of confirmed nobles and 48 — of ascribed, which were sent to the Department of Heraldry by the Ufa Noble Assembly in 1866-1917. These documents are written on plain paper on both sides of the sheet sized 22.2 (width) * 35.4 (height) cm. Most are handwritten. Reports of the Ufa Noble Assembly became typewritten from 1899 on, those of the Noble Orenburg Assembly — since 1911; lists of Ufa Noble Assembly became typewritten from 1897 on, of the Orenburg Noble Assembly — from 1908 on. The lists have a title page. Information about the nobles is given in tabular form. A list of confirmed nobles contains the following information: surname, name, patronymic of the person confirmed in hereditary nobility; date of the resolution of the Noble Assembly on declaring them a noble; part of the genealogical book, in which that person was entered; the date of receipt of documents for consideration in the Department of Heraldry; date and number of the confirming decree of Department of the Heraldry. The list of ascribed nobles includes such data as: surname, name, patronymic of the person added to the nobility; the date of the resolution of the Noble Assembly to ascribe the person to a noble family, confirmed by the Department of Heraldry; name, date, and document number(s) on the basis of which they were ascribed; part of the genealogical book, in which the family was entered; date and number of the decree of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate confirming the family to rank among the nobility. The list was to be certified by signatures of the gubernia marshal of nobility, or those acting in that position, and by the secretary of the Noble Assembly. The list was not sealed. These documents are unique and quite valuable written sources on the history of the Russian nobility.

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Manisha. "Sudoku Solver – A Novel Approach Using Recognition of Printed Text Image". Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies 6, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2024): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2024.6.4.6.

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Detecting and analyzing text in multimedia is required for recognition of characters which can be used for performing multi-objectives in numerous research areas and applications. Characters or numbers in images can be hand-written, printed document, typewritten or artificially added for the purpose of searching or indexing, editing or image understanding. Various applications such as License Plate Detection, Handwritten documents recognition, Sudoku Solving, multi-oriented recognition focuses on character recognition. Image Sudoku solver works on Sudoku puzzle images. In this paper, the printed text Sudoku image is used as the input. The image is enhanced by filling the horizontal and vertical gaps in the grids that may occur due to shadow or distortion of the scanned image such that all the 81 grids are extracted. Secondly, the numbers and grids in the enhanced image are extracted and a dancing link approach using Algorithm X is adopted to solve the Sudoku. The proposed work is compared with a backtracking approach and dancing link approach without enhancing the image and its computation time for various ranks of difficulty of a puzzle taken. The Sudoku puzzle can be used to secure information stored in an image as the number of solutions to solve a Sudoku puzzle is very large, allowing it to be used as a security tool resistant to brute force attacks.

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Merzhanova, Karina A. "Work of the International Air Commission of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain in September 1941: Records of the Negotiations". Herald of an archivist, n.º 4 (2018): 1175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1175-1187.

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The publication introduces into scientific use and analyses a unique document on the work of the international aviation commission (Moscow, September 1941) that worked at the conference of representatives of the USSR, the USA, and England on the issue of military deliveries to the Soviet Union. The published document has been found when preparing ‘History of creation and development of the defense industry complex of Russia and the USSR. 1900–1963. Documents and materials.’ Presently the fifth volume of the series covering the period of the Great Patriotic War is being prepared. The document published here precedes the publication of that volume. The question of military lend-lease deliveries of planes to the Soviet Union considered by the commission was of great importance to Soviet aviation industry. Evacuation of aircraft manufacturing facilities led to a decrease in production. For a time the aircraft industry continued to work on mobilization stocks and lend-lease deliveries. The aviation commission of the Soviet Union was to secure the necessary quantity of warplanes from the USA and England, which for that end had to curtail their own arms contracts. The published document shows the process of negotiations and its result – how fully the Soviet delegation managed to solve the tasks set before it. In the introduction, the situation in Soviet and American aviation industry at the start of negotiations is analyzed. The published document is stored in the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Economy. It is a typewritten original record of negotiations of even date. It expands source base on lend-lease, shows how the Soviet delegation tried to obtain newest American and English military aircraft equipment, and allows to understand the nuances of interactions of the allies, to analyze their positions and approaches to negotiations.

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Patryliak, I. y A. Sliusarenko. "WAR ON THE «IDEOLOGICAL FRONT». THE YEAR 1968". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, n.º 142 (2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.142.11.

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The ideological struggle against the "counter-revolutionary manifestations" accompanied the entire history of Soviet society. However, there have been times when the war on the "ideological front" has intensified. For the most part, this was under the influence of major external shocks or during major ideological campaigns in the middle of the country. One of the episodes when foreign perturbations influenced the ideological confrontation within the USSR was the events of 1968 in Czechoslovakia. The special impact of the Prague Spring was felt in Ukraine, which was directly bordered by the Czechoslovak Republic, and had its powerful traditions of anti-Soviet ideological struggle. It is not surprising, therefore, that the State Security Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers has been particularly vigilant about the "ideological front" in Ukraine. Based on their understanding of the "ideological war" as an external sabotage, KGB analysts prepared relevant documents for top party leadership. The readers are invited to submit an archaeographic publication of the KGB document: "Memorandum. On some trends in the ideological diversion that is being carried out by the enemy in Ukraine". Separate 17-page typewritten document prepared specifically for the needs of the Communist Party Central Committee on September 11, 1968. The document contains six major challenges to the "ideological war" in Ukraine - confrontation with foreign "nationalist centers", confrontation with "internal ideological enemy", confrontation with "opposition" »Increase in the number of educated youth among anti-Soviet groups, opposition to the emergence of such phenomenon as anti-Soviet postcards, opposition to a part of the“ pro-stalinist ”society, confrontation organized strike of workers and farmers.

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19

Rubinchik, O. E. "“Please, Help Me in My Great Sorrow”. Concerning Akhmatova’s Efforts to Free Her Son (New Details) Article two". Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 4 (2023): 112–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2713-3133-2023-4-112-140.

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This paper consists of two parts (articles) and focuses on Anna Akhmatova’s efforts to free her son after his arrest in 1949. A series of unpublished material from 1954–1956 from Gershtein’s archive at the Russian State Library (fond 641) is published. Emma Gerstein, a literary scholar and long-time friend of Akhmatova, was selflessly involved in Akhmatova’s concern for her son. The first article in the previous issue included two letters from Akhmatova to the writer and influential literary and party functionary Mikhail Sholokhov, as well as petitions from major scholars about Lev Gumilev asking for an expedited review of the prominent historian. The second article includes a letter from Akhmatova to the poet and “Soviet grandee” Aleksei Surkov – not from the Gerstein archive, but thematically related to the rest of them. A typewritten copy of this letter is held in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian National Library at the Akhmatova Archive (fond 1073). Over the decades Surkov tried, wherever possible, to help Akhmatova and contributed to the publication of her books. As the first secretary of the Union of Writers, he was actively involved in the efforts to free Lev Gumilev. The article also publishes an unknown letter from Akhmatova to Aleksandr Fadeev, a writer, party official and major literary official of the Stalinist era. In connection with the 1946 decree, he was involved ex officio in harassing Akhmatova, while unofficially trying to help her, and subsequently did much to bring her back into Soviet literature. Fadeev also made efforts to help Akhmatova free her son. The letter to Fadeev is reproduced from a typewritten draft with corrections in Gerstein’s hand. The publication of the documents is accompanied by Gerstein’s “Explanations” in the fond 641, together with Akhmatova’s letters, and an extensive commentary, which includes an account of Akhmatova’s relationship to Surkov and Fadeev and her situation during the Khrushchev Thaw.

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Kostenko, Natalia Yu. "THE FIRST WORK BY E.M. MELETINSKY CONCERNING THE HERO OF FAIRY TALE". Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 3, n.º 1 (2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-1-144-151.

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The article considers the history of creation of a previously unpublished work by E.M. Meletinsky, preceding the first draft of his doctorate thesis and monograph “The hero of fairy tale”. A typewritten copy of it was preserved among the documents seized during the scholar’s second arrest in 1949 and later donated to the library of Petrozavodsk University. During his time as a post-graduate student in the Central Asian University (then-name of National University of Uzbekistan) Meletinsky was already interested in historical poetics and folklore studies. That resulted in the “Fairytale plots in question about their everyday meaning” article. The fact that it was the first ever Meletinsky’s work on fairy tales is obvious not only from the documents and memoirs of Meletinsky himself, but from the very structure of the article: in the first chapters the author, taking a problem posed by A.N. Veselovsky in “The poetics of plots” – “to check Russian data about the third sibling, the little fool, the cinderwench against other people’s fairy tales” – as a basis, dwells extensively the motif of the youngest sibling in world fairy tales and the history of studying it, but in the last chapter he moves to the analysis of another motif – the tales about a “poor orphan”. Namely that motif, being in stadia way older, takes centre stage not only in the 1948 thesis, but in all of Meletinsky’s works on fairy tales prior to the second arrest, both published and unpublished.

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R S, Anjana, Resmi B y Anoop A K. "A critical study of the Ayurveda Medical manuscript ‘Chikitsasara’". International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, n.º 1 (5 de abril de 2022): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2435.

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Ayurveda being a practical science is codified through centuries in written documents called Manuscripts. A manuscript is any document written by hand or typewritten as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some automated way. A very few of these manuscripts have been published during the past decades. As such, several treatment methods contained in these texts are being lost by decaying. As part of a humble step towards this, Chikitsasara authored by Gopaladasa, a paper manuscript in the Sanskrit language documented in Devanagari script preserved at Unmesha Research Institute of Indology, Mysore was taken. The objectives of the study are critical edition of the manuscript and its English translation which is not available. It is a unique book belonging to the kayachikitsa parampara. The time period of the text by considering the internal and external evidence, influence of the text on other medieval texts can be placed as the late seventeenth century.The text was translated to Telugu and Marathi languages in 1877 and 1881 respectively, which are not widely available today. Chikitsasara is a treatise arranged in three sections. Some rare diseases like sparsavata, seethavata, takraprameha, and ghrtaprameha have found a place in this text. Prognosis of disease based on astrology is a unique feature of this text. After the critical edition, a maximum number of accepted readings was obtained from the manuscript from Oriental research institute & manuscript library, Kariavattom. The content of the text is also very much similar to the seventeenth century work Yogaratnakara.

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Novokreshchennykh, Irina A. y Victor V. Novokreshchennykh. "Personal Files and Personal Provenance Fonds of Philologists Studying Foreign Literature in the Archives of the Perm Krai: Continuity and Innovation". Herald of an archivist, n.º 3 (2020): 940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-3-940-949.

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The relevance of the study is due to the interest of the humanities in the study of the processes of formation and development of foreign philology as a field of scientific and educational activities in the Perm University, since its foundation in 1916. In the Perm archives we study personal files and personal provenance fonds of philologists and historians affiliated with the Perm State National Research University (PGNIU), whose field of interests is foreign literature and language, as well as other archival documents. Research methods are source study and archival methods, methods of philological analysis. Personal files of the Perm philologists of the first third of the last century A. A. Smirnov, B. A. Krzhevsky, B. L. Bogaevsky, N. P. Obnorsky, A. F. Shamray, E. O. Preobrazhenskaya, who taught language and literature or even history and language (V.V. Weidle, N.P. Ottokar, V.E. Krusman) contain documents related not only to their professional pedagogical activity, but also documents on their scientific interests, everyday and family life, places of residence, reflecting the realities of time and representing the era in Perm. Personal files of the staff of the Department of Foreign Literature (since 1999 – the Department of World Literature and Culture) A. A. Belsky, R. F. Yashenkina, N. S. Leites, E. P. Khanzhina, A. F. Lyubimova, G. S. Rutskoi, who worked there in the 1950s-2010s, have not yet undergone evaluation and remain in the departmental storage. The personal provenance fonds of philologists B. M. Proskurnin and N. S. Bochkareva, containing a large amount of hand- and typewritten documents, can be considered not only as archival sources, but also within the framework of philological discourse as a post-modern text created as a game of different texts that refer to different cultural layers, languages, realities. Documents of the personal fond, reflecting the methods of scientist’s work with literature, play a pedagogical role in the formation of the competencies of a university graduate. Today, archives need to create personal provenance fonds and collections of philologists who worked in the 1950s and later, via interaction with the scientists themselves or their relatives.

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Dolgova, Angela V. "“Perm catastrophe": local self-government bodies in the period of the Supreme Ruler". Herald of an archivist, n.º 3 (2024): 943–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-3-943-959.

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The article is devoted to the socio-political situation in Perm province during the period of the Supreme Ruler. The research is based on the documents of the fund R-746 of the State Archive of the Perm Region (GAPK) - “Manager of the Perm Province of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Provisional All-Russian Government”, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. The Perm archive received the documents for secret storage in 1940 from the Sverdlovsk regional archive, and access to them was limited until 1994. Manuscripts and typewritten texts are reports of police chiefs, monthly statements of criminal offenses, correspondence of zemstvo employees with the Governor of the province. It is noteworthy that one of the documents mentions the name of General G. A. Verzhbitsky. Of greatest interest are the reports of district governors on the progress of mobilization and on the political mood of the population under the change of power. A tragedy was unfolding in the city of Perm and its districts in those days. The situation was aggravated by an epidemic of typhus spread by soldiers, inflation, the cessation of work of factories, mobilizations, and an influx of refugees. The lists of executed citizens compiled by the zemstvo clerks show that the Bolshevik terror fell at the end of December 1918, which was explained by the change in the military and political situation on the Eastern Front. Paradoxically, the thesis about the temporary failures of the Red Army and the surrender of Perm looks quite plausible, in the sense that it was not a “catastrophe” of the entire Eastern Front, since we cannot speak about the stability of the Supreme Ruler's power in the province. On the other hand, the situation in the first half of 1919 was truly catastrophic. The discovered archival documents contain information sufficient to assert that during the period in question the local residents did not experience any relief from the hardships of the Civil War, despite the titanic efforts of zemstvo employees to restore order. The aim of the paper is to show the socio-political situation in Perm province by the example of previously unpublished archival documents. The object of the study is local self-government bodies, county and volost zemstvos, town militia, the subject is the realities of socio-political life after December 1918. The main methods of the study were the problem-chronological and comparative-historical. Both methods and sources cited by the author allowed to restore the sequence of events after December 1918 and to analyze the attitude of the population to the change of power.

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Федоров, Денис Андреевич, Мария Владимировна Колмакова y Ольга Николаевна Андерсон. "Archive of Andrey Nikolaevich Yegunov". Платоновские исследования 2, n.º 17(17) (15 de diciembre de 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25985/pi.17.2.07.

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Благодаря Вадиму Валерьевичу и Ирине Валентиновне Сомсиковым мы имеем возможность ознакомиться с уникальным архивом Андрея Николаевича Егунова - российского писателя, поэта, ученого и переводчика диалогов Платона. Этот архив уже стал источником для ряда посмертных публикаций Егунова, однако он требует углубленного изучения и продолжения издания новых материалов. Настоящая статья представляет собой попытку систематического описания архива с выделением в нем разделов, которые могут представлять наибольший интерес для историка российской культуры, науки, платоноведения. Авторы предлагают следующую рубрикацию архива. 1) «Рукописи, черновики и рабочие материалы»: в состав этой рубрики входят рукописные и машинописные работы А.Н. Егунова. 2) «Документы, посвященные жизни и работе А.Н. Егунова» - материалы и таблицы о жизни ученого и писателя. 3) «Документы административного характера», среди которых - официальные ответы из издательств, архивные справки и т.д. 4) «Письма»: раздел содержит как письма самого А.Н. Егунова, так и адресованные ему письма. 5) «Фотоархив». 6) «Разное»: личная рабочая картотека с описаниями книг и библиотечными шифрами, газетные вырезки, справки, конспекты книг и т.д. Thanks to Vadim Valeryevich and Irina Valentinovna Somsikov, we have the opportunity to explore the unique archive of Andrei Nikolaevich Yegunov, a Russian writer, poet, scholar and translator of Plato’s dialogues. The archive has already become a source for a number of Yegunov’s publications in the 1990-2000s, but it requires in-depth study and publication of new materials. We have tried to systematically describe the archive, highlighting sections in it that may be of interest to the historian of Russian culture, scholarship, and Plato’s investigations. We offer the following rubrication of the archive. 1) Manuscripts, drafts and working papers; this section includes handwritten and typewritten works by A.N. Yegunov. 2) Documents on the life and work of A.N. Egunov - materials and tables about the life of the scholar and writer. 3) Documents of administrative nature, including official responses from publishers, archival certificates, etc. 4) Letters, including letters both from A.N. Yegunov, as well as those addressed to him. 5) Photo archive. 6) Miscellaneous - a personal working card index with descriptions of books and library codes, newspaper clippings, references, book abstracts, etc.

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Galchenko, V. y V. Nemtsova. "A Manuscript Waiting for its Reader: “A Word About Alma Mater” by Leonid Chernov". Vìsnik Harkìvsʹkoi deržavnoi akademìi dizajnu ì mistectv 2021, n.º 02 (octubre de 2021): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.33625/visnik2021.02.290.

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The goal of the article is to draw attention of the art community to the little‑known memoirs of Leonid Chernov (1915–1990), a famous Ukrainian graphic artist, professor of Kharkiv Art and Industrial Institute. These memoirs are called A Word about Alma Mater and exist as a 120‑page self‑published book. They provide an opportunity for modern readers to learn firsthand how art education was organized in Kharkiv Art College and Kharkiv Art Institute in the 1930s–1950s. The original text is kept in the artist’s family and exists only as a single typewritten copy. In recent decades, about a dozen scholars have had the opportunity to get acquainted with the literary heritage of L. Chernov. Only some theses from this unique text have been quoted in individual academic papers. Chernov’s memoirs are valuable both in terms of literary merit and in terms of truthful testimony about the aspirations and feelings of the author himself and the people close to him, about real historical facts and personalities with whom his fate and the fate of his home university were closely related. L. Chernov wanted to publish his memoirs in the form of an illustrated photo album, back in the 1980s. However, something then thwarted his intentions. At this stage, with the permission of the artist’s family, one of the fragments of such valuable material – the author’s theses to the memoirs and the first section of the main text is published. Unique photo documents from the artist’s albums are published together with the text.

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Knyazev, Mark A. "Unknown Documents on the History of the February Revolution of 1917 and the Circumstances of the Abdication of Nicholas II". Herald of an archivist, n.º 3 (2021): 866——878. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-866-878.

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The question of actions of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II during the February Revolution, and in particular, of his willingness or unwillingness to make concessions to the Duma opposition is a controversial issue in the historiography. Thus, Soviet and ?migr? historians believed that the tsar agreed to reforms under pressure of the military elite, which collaborated with the State Duma in those rebellious days. However, in modern historical science, an opposite opinion is gaining foothold, according to which in February – March 1917 the monarch showed a conciliatory attitude towards the opposition and was ready to agree to an actual limitation of his power by introducing a responsible ministry. The roadblock is assessment of sufficiency and reliability of the source corpus (mainly memoirs) for drawing the conclusion about the tsar's readiness for reforms. The lack of “documentary” evidence makes the narrative of the tsar’s desire to establish a “ministry of confidence” vulnerable. However, documents of the period of the February Revolution that have been identified in the State Archive of Russian Federation (fond 97 “Office of the Palace Commandant of the Ministry of the Imperial Court”) allow us to come nearer the end of this historiographical discussion. They are two typewritten paragraphs on a single sheet of paper, without a title or any additional information on its author, time, and place of creation. Source analysis has concluded that the documents are drafts of tsar’s telegrams prepared by the palace commandant V. N. Voeikov on March 1, 1917 to be sent to the ex-chairman of the State Duma M. V. Rodzianko. The content of these drafts clearly indicates that the tsar was ready to provide a “ministry of confidence” even before his arrival at the headquarters of the Northern Front on the evening of March 1, that is, de facto to establish parliamentarism in Russia. The author's reconstruction of the events has showed that the first draft of the telegram is tsar’s delayed response to the appeal of the Duma leader encouraging him to reform public administration (dated February 26-27, 1917). The second telegram is supposed to be sent to Rodzianko inviting him to Pskov for final decision concerning the head of the new “government of confidence.” Despite the fact that they for some reasons had never been sent to the addressee, these “messages,” nevertheless, are the “documentary” evidence of Nicholas II’s consent to a gradual introduction of parliamentarism in the country during the February Revolution.

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Novalska, Tetiana y Kateryna Timofieieva. "Information Potential of the Epistolary Heritage of P. Kulish in Funds of V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine". Ukrainian Journal on Library and Information Science, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7654.12.2023.293564.

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The aim of the article is to define the information potential of the epistolary heritage of P. Kulish in the funds of V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine by analysing and establishing its documentary content, which makes it possible to reproduce retrospective information that complements and expands already known facts about the personality. Research methods. Along with general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the research uses historical, systematic, typological and aesthetic ones, as well as methods of archival and source scholar heuristics, source scholar criticism of sources, their textual analysis and information reconstruction. The scientific novelty of the study consists in highlighting the information resources representing the epistolary heritage of P. Kulish in V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine funds. The existing document multitude, primarily letters and telegrams, in the form of manuscripts and copies (in particular, typewritten articles by researchers of P. Kulish), which are of scientific interest for studying the writer’s life and creativity, is analyzed in detail. Main conclusions. In the funds of IR NBUV, there are about one thousand and a half letters of P. Kulish, which cover a long chronological range and present the names of many correspondents, both well-known and unknown, as well as letters without specifying the names of the addressees. The archive of P. Kulish is not consolidated in one fund, but scattered among different funds of the scientific institution: I, II, VII, X, 63, 95, 112, 131, 170, 172, 251, 315, 338 (the total number is 12 funds). Complex funds No. I “Literary materials”, No. III “Correspondence”, and fund No. X “Archives of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences”, in which the artist’s epistolary documents predominate, deserve special attention. The document collection of P. Kulish, which is kept in No. 315, and is represented by the author’s epistolary block, is also noteworthy. Fund No. I presents about one thousand letters of P. Kulish, many of which do not contain information about the addressees (it is a damaged document or an unidentified addressee), which prevents the full reproduction of retrospective information, but still complements and expands already known facts. The epistles of P. Kulish to his addressees recorded information of a biographical nature, which is a valuable addition to his own prosopographical portrait. For the most part, the writer’s letters are characterised by informative content, as they are aimed to be read by a definite person. In addition, at that time, correspondence was one of the most important means of communication.

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Bakhmet, Tetiana. "Archive fund of the composer Mark Karminsky". Aspects of Historical Musicology 19, n.º 19 (7 de febrero de 2020): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-19.01.

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Mark Veniaminovich Karminskyi (1930–1995) is a composer who, already during his lifetime, was appreciated by his contemporaries as the brightest figure in musical art, in particular, musical theater. Well-known in the country and his native Kharkiv, he was also the constant reader of the Kharkiv ‘K. Stanislavskyi’ Music and Theater Library for many years, taking part in many events that took place within its walls. An excellent lecturer and interlocutor, benevolent and affable person, he found an attentive audience and ardent admirers of his musical talent among the library’s readers and stuff. Perhaps, this is why M. Karminskyi chose the Library as the main curator of his archive. What is better than studying the artist’s personal archive to give an idea of his personality, creative methods and worldview? Even a cursory glance at the collection of documents classified on the shelves of the archive, illustrating particular biographical episodes, helps the researcher to form a holistic impression of the artist’s creative personality, as well as to orient, if necessary, for further more depth studying of his heritage. The purpose of this article is a brief review of the general content of the archival fund of M. V. Karminskyi, with the materials of which the author had the honor to conduct research and bibliographic work, as of a documentary sources base for future research of the composer’s work and the history of the musical culture of Kharkiv in 1950–2000 years. Statement of the main positions of the publication. The composer began to transfer his archive to the library during his lifetime: he arranged folders with manuscripts, gave explanations about the time of writing and purpose of individual works. It was this archive that was the first to get into the library as a full-fledged array of documents about the life of a creative person. The condition for its transfer was the possibility of unimpeded viewing of the archive and its copying for the purpose of training and concert performance of the composer’s works. The full description of M. Karminskyi’s archive was completed in 1996, but the fund was supplemented several times thanks to new materials that came to the archival collection after its formation. It contains a variety of documents, including musical manuscripts, newspaper clippings, photographic documents, sound recordings on various media, posters, booklets, programs, manuscripts by other authors related to the activities of the composer. Thus, for the theater – opera, drama – the composer has been actively working since a young age. He wrote music for performances of Kharkiv theaters – Puppet Theater, Young Audience Theater, Ukrainian Drama Theater named after Taras Shevchenko, Jewish Theater, even for student amateur theaters. Four operas by M. Karminskyi, among them – “Ten days that shook the world”, “Irkutsk story” – were successfully staged in many theaters in Ukraine, Russia, the Czech Republic and Germany. Particular attention was drawn to the opera “Ten Days That Shook the World” based on John Reed’s book about the events in Petrograd in 1917, which was published as the separate piano reduction and received a large number of reviews in periodicals. The typewritten copies of reviews by famous Ukrainian musicologists K. Heivandova and I. Zolotovytska have been preserved in the archive. The collection of the archive also includes the published piano score of the opera “Irkutsk story”, the known “Waltz” from which served as a call sign of the Kharkiv Regional Radio for many years. One of the most interesting manuscripts of the archive is the music for the unfinished ballet “Rembrandt” on the libretto by V. Dubrovskyi. The musical “Robin Hood”, which was performed not only in Kharkiv, but also in Moscow, brought the composer national fame. The sound recording of the Moscow play was distributed thanks to the release of gramophone records created with the participation of stars of Soviet stage – the singers Joseph Kobzon, Lev Leshchenko, Valentina Tolkunova and the famous actor Eugene Leonov. The popularity of this musical was phenomenal; excerpts from it were performed even in children’s music schools, as evidenced by the archival documents. During the composer’s life and after his death, his vocal and choral works, works for various instruments were mostly published. The array of these musical editions and manuscripts of M. Karminskyi is arranged in the archive by musical genres. These are piano pieces and other instrumental works, among them is one of the most popular opuses of the composer – “Jewish Prayer” for solo violin (the first performer – Honored Artist of Ukraine Hryhoriy Kuperman). Number a large of publications about the life and career of M. Karminskyi published in books and periodicals are collected, among them are K. Heivandova’s book (1981) “Mark Karminskyi”, the brief collection of memoirs about the composer (compiler – H. Hansburg, 2000) and the congregation of booklets of various festivals and competitions, for example, the booklets of the International Music Festival “Kharkiv Assemblies”, in which the composer has participated since the day of their founding. The booklet of the M. Karminskyi Choral Music Festival testifies to a unique phenomenon in the musical life of the city: never before or since has such a large-scale event dedicated to the work of a single person taken place attracting so many choirs from all Ukraine. A separate array of documents is the photo archive, which includes 136 portraits, photos from various events; 41 of them were donated by a famous Kharkiv photographer Yu. L. Shcherbinin. The audio-video archive of M. V. Karminskyi consists of records of his works, released by the company “Melody”: staging of performances “Robin Hood”, “There are musketeers!” (based on the play by M. Svetlov “20 years later”), various songs, video and tape cassettes with recordings of concerts. Other interesting documents have been preserved, for example, a typewritten script for the Kharkiv TV program about M. Karminskyi with his own participation or the library form, which can be used to trace his preferences as a reader. M. Karminskyi also compiled reviews of publications on the performance of his works and short bibliographic descriptions of their print editions. Conclusions. M. Karminskyi’s personal archive founded by him own in Kharkiv ‘K. S. Stanislavskyi’ Music and Theater Library has been functioning as an independent library fund since 1996 and today it is an unique comprehensive ordered collection, which is freely available and stores documents of various types: music publications and manuscripts, newspaper and magazine fragments, announces, photos, sound and video documents. M. Karminskyi’s archival fund is used as a documentary source for scientific researches (the Candidate’s dissertations of art critics Yu. Ivanova (2001) and E. Kushchova (2004) were defended using the materials of the archive) and as a basic congregation of works by the composer for their performance. The use of digital technologies is part of the necessary modern perspective of the fund’s development, the value of which as a primary source of historical and cultural information only grows over time.

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Д.А., Карпук. "«Труды Ленинградской Духовной Академии»: нереализованный проект 1953–1954 гг." Вестник Исторического общества Санкт-Петербургской Духовной Академии, n.º 3(15) (19 de junio de 2024): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47132/2587-8425_2023_3_56.

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В статье на основании архивных документов рассматривается инициатива профессора Ленинградской духовной академии тогда еще протоиерея Александра Осипова по изданию при духовной школе научно-богословского периодического издания под названием «Труды Ленинградской Духовной Академии». Инициатива, поддержанная митрополитом Ленинградским Григорием (Чуковым), встретила осторожный скепсис со стороны Патриарха Алексия I (Симанского), который в своей довольно критической резолюции предложил подойти к этому проекту более взвешенно и обстоятельно. В итоге, сначала в Ленинградской духовной академии, потом и в Московской состоялось специальное обсуждение этого вопроса. Профессорско-преподавательские корпорации обеих академий согласились совместными усилиями издавать богословский журнал. В 1954 г. в Ленинградской академии был подготовлен в машинописном виде первый выпуск «Трудов». Наконец, после длительных переговоров в 1960 г. был издан первый номер «Богословских трудов», ставший специальным научным журналом Русской Православной Церкви на последующие несколько десятилетий. The article, based on archival documents, examines the initiative of the then-Archpriest Alexander Osipov, a professor at the Leningrad Theological Academy, to publish a scientific and theological periodical at the theological school called “Proceedings of the Leningrad Theological Academy”. The initiative, supported by Metropolitan Gregory (Chukov) of Leningrad, met with cautious skepticism from Patriarch Alexy I (Simansky), who, in his rather critical resolution, proposed a more balanced and thorough approach to this project. As a result, first at the Leningrad Theological Academy, then at the Moscow Academy, a special discussion of this issue took place. The teaching corporations of both academies agreed to jointly publish a theological journal. In 1954, the first issue of “Proceedings” was prepared in typewritten form at the Leningrad Academy. Finally, after lengthy negotiations, the first issue of “Theological Works” was published in 1960, which became a special scientific journal of the Russian Orthodox Church for the next few decades.

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Snigireva, Tatiana A. y Alexey V. Podchinenov. "The Samizdat Generation. Book Review: Rusina, Yu.A. (2019) Samizdat v SSSR: Teksty i Sud’by [Samizdat in the USSR: Texts and Destinies]. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya; Yekaterinburg: Ural Federal University". Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, n.º 26 (2021): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/26/11.

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Samizdat materials are a huge collection of documents of different genres that can be viewed in the context of the dissident phenomenon in the USSR. Only the latest decade saw the intensive growth of scientific interest to this phenomenon, and, therefore, these historical records require further interpretation and analysis; the latter became the main purposes of the monograph reviewed. The study combines both theoretical and historical aspects of studying Soviet samizdat. The term “samizdat” is understood in its wider sense, not only as fiction prohibited for publication, but also as a product of social, political, journalistic, human rights and other activities. At the same time, emphasis is placed on historical sources that allow documenting the human rights process. Samizdat is considered in three aspects: as a phenomenon of the 20th century supplementing official culture; as a kind of self-organization, self-reflection of society, a sign of intellectual reaction and an information channel; and as a historical source that makes it possible to study Soviet society and its reaction to state policy. This enables the author to present a representative and fairly complete picture of Russian samizdat. The notion “samizdat” is thoroughly analyzed, as well as the problem of the scientific classification of samizdat documents. The new classification system is demanded to be more detailed, presenting a complex structure, which takes into account various types and content of these historical sources. Working out a well-developed classification should ensure the use of available sources and their information potential. The book describes the sources of some varieties of samizdat documents: open letters, appeals and statements of protest, court proceedings, collections of documents. In a separate chapter, self-published magazines are analyzed as one of the most convincing manifestations of the various opposition movements organizational design. Particular attention is paid to the bulletin A Chronicle of Current Events, which has played an important role in reporting on human rights violations, disseminating the ideas of human rights defenders and maintaining links between human rights groups and organizations as a consolidating information center. The first issue of the Chronicle of 1968 is presented in the book as a holistic text, from the list of headings to the definition of the semantic strategy of the periodical, its tactics of layout and design, which allows us to correlate it with the legendary Herzen’s Kolokol [Bell] both in design and in its impact on public consciousness. The bulletin structure and its main sections were formed from the first issues: “Courts”, “Arrests”, “Extra-Judicial Prosecutions”, “Searches and Interrogations”, “In Prisons and Camps”, “In Psychiatric Hospitals”, “Persecution of Believers”, “Right to Leave”, “Jewish Movement”, “Through the Pages of the Soviet press”, “In Exile”, “Official Documents”, “Samizdat News”, etc. The analysis of other quite numerous samizdat magazines (Politicheskiy Dnevnik [Political Diary], Obshchestvennye Problemy [Social Problems], Veche, Vestnik Spaseniya [Herald of Salvation], Iskhod [Exodus], Vestnik Iskhoda [Herald of Exodus], Belaya Kniga Iskhoda [White Book of Exodus], etc.), including the “second culture” ones (37, Chasy [Clock], Obvodnoy Kanal [Bypass Channel], Metrodor, Summa [Sum], Nadezhda [Hope], etc.), allows the author to document the well-known statement of Igor Shafarevich that with all the various shades of independent thought in our country, the unifying principle was the feeling of lack of freedom. The author pays attention to historical discourse aimed at analyzing social and political processes via studying samizdat authors’ and developers’ biographies, as well as to the history of the texts. Biographies are given briefly, most often in the form of page footnotes, but their presence adds “humanity” to historical and documentary research (for example, biographies of V. Krasin, V. Chelidze, Yu. Shikhanovich, V. Rutminsky, Gr. Fedoseev, etc.). The book discusses the main varieties of social and political samizdat – “classic” and little-studied samizdat texts. Considerable attention is paid to “provincial” students’ literary and journalistic amateur periodicals of Sverdlovsk. The almanac Nashe Tvorchestvo [Our Creativity] (Ural State University, 1946–1949), Vskhody [Shoots], V Poiskakh [In Search] (Ural State University, 1956), the Ural Pedagogical Institute wall newspaper BOKS (Boevoy Organ Komsomol’skoy Satiry [Komsomol Satire Combat Organ], 1943–1960) are analyzed for the first time in the all-Union context. Student manuscript and typewritten magazines, a typical phenomenon for Soviet universities of that time, on the one hand, became the harbingers of political samizdat, on the other hand, a consequence of the creative and spiritual upsurge that caused the exposure of the personality cult. The book concludes with a brief bibliography on the Soviet samizdat history and an appendix including well-known examples of samizdat texts (“I Can’t Be Silent!” by P. Grigorenko, “The Final Word of the Accused Bukovsky”, “The White Book of Exodus” (1972)), as well as unique graphic jokes of BOKS.

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Cannon, Michael, Patrick Kelly y Judith Hochberg. "Quality assessment and restoration of typewritten document images". International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition 2, n.º 2-3 (1 de diciembre de 1999): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100320050039.

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Yarkova, Elena V. "George Grebenstchikoff’s works in authorized translations by Nina Selivanova: To the identification of English-language texts authorization". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 501 (2024): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/501/6.

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The article raises the question of the identity of English-language texts by George Grebenstchikoff and of his participation degree in the preparation of the texts for publication and their translation. One of the translators, whose collaboration with Grebenstchikoff was confirmed, was Nina Nikolaevna Selivanova (1886–1953). She lived in the USA and is known as a writer, teacher and translator. The fact that the cooperation of Grebenstchikoff and Selivanova was systemic is confirmed by a number of documents found in Grebenstchikoff’s archives in the State Museum of History of Literature, Art and Culture of Altai. Consideration of each of them allows us to establish a holistic picture of their translation tandem. First of all, this is a translation of the first volume of the novel The Churaevs, The Churayev Brothers, signed by Selivanova and discovered in the archives of the State Museum of History of Literature, Art and Culture of Altai. It contains 322 sheets, in good condition, with a small number of typewritten notes. The manuscript dates back to the beginning of 1940. Next, we need to refer to Grebenstchikoff’s letter of February 10, 1926. The letter indicates that the writer addressed Selivanova so that she would create a translation of his “book about Altai”. It is safe to assume that we are talking about the book Altai – the Pearl of Siberia, on which Grebenstchikoff was working in the second half of the 1920s. Based on this letter, the complex nature of authorization is determined: Selivanova carried out the initial translation of the book, then Grebenstchikoff corrected it, and then the translator looked through the text again. Thus, the subject of their agreement is the book Altai – the Pearl of Siberia (also related to the collection My Siberia), so one should turn to the entire corpus of English-language translations of this collection. Textual, biographical and comparative analyses of these works were carried out, which included, in particular, an analysis of handwritten materials created by Grebenstchikoff, a comparative analysis of paratextual elements and song passages in My Siberia and The Churaev Brothers. Based on the results of the analysis, we can confidently conclude that Grebenstchikoff took his experiences in Russian and English equally seriously, and the author’s foreign language heritage should be considered not only as his creative laboratory, but as a full-fledged trajectory of literary development.

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Stančić, Hrvoje y Željko Trbušić. "Evaluating and Improving OCR Efficiency". Moderna arhivistika 2020, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54356/ma/2020/1/rrgn4957.

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The purpose of this research is to establish a method for OCR quality evaluation in different archival situations and stages of document ingest process. The conducted experiments explain the importance of OCR optimization using the example of Croatian typewritten materials. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of unique, or distinct, words in document retrieval.

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Horan, James J. "Was the Document Reinserted in the Typewriter?" Journal of Forensic Sciences 32, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1987): 12350J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12350j.

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Лейбович, О. Л. y Ю. С. Колчанова. "“I Had a Document in the Form of a Pass in German…”: An Incident from the Life of Soviet Prisoners of War in 1941". Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history 7, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2023): 1232–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-4-3.

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В статье на основании опубликованных и архивных эго-документов произведена реконструкция историй короткого пребывания в германском плену военфельдшера Т.М. Малыгина и младшего лейтенанта РККА В.С. Ныркина в 1941–1942 гг. Истории эти интересны тем, что в них помимо событийной стороны, связанной с пребыванием в плену командиров Красной армии и их последовавшим побегом, присутствуют и обнаруживаются скрытые ментальные структуры повествования: фатализм, высокий уровень адаптивности к обстоятельствам, сила воли, предприимчивость, способность находить нестандартные решения, неприятие каких бы то ни было видов расового превосходства и приниженности. Статья состоит из 5 основных разделов и кратких выводов. В первом разделе авторы характеризуют принятую ими объяснительную концепцию в рамках антропологической перспективы исторического знания. Нас интересовали частные случаи, позволяющие увидеть то, что нельзя рассмотреть в универсальной исторической перспективе: характерные черты времени и места, поступки и взаимоотношения людей, рассказанные ими самими. В статье фокусируется внимание на участии обоих главных персонажей в оказании помощи раненым советским военнопленным. Во втором разделе содержится краткий обзор историографии темы плена и предъявляются методы работы с источниками: протоколами допросов В.С. Ныркина и Т.М. Малыгина в следственных органах НКВД. Три последующих раздела посвящены акту пленения, пребыванию в плену и бегству из плена. В выводах формулируются итоги исследования: несмотря на свое привилегированное положение в плену, командиры РККА при первой возможности бежали из лагеря: В.С. Ныркин установил связь с партизанами, а Т.М. Малыгин, воспользовавшись наличными материальными ресурсами, приобрел в обмен на ценные вещи и деньги необходимые для побега услуги местных жителей. В статье в виде иллюстрации приводятся аутентичные немецкие документы, имеющие касательство к сюжету: «паспорт», написанный от руки немецким военным медиком, и отпечатанный на пишущей машинке аусвайс, за подписью коменданта пересыльного лагеря для военнопленных в г. Смоленске. On the basis of published and archival ego-documents, the article reconstructs the stories of military medical assistant Timofei M. Malygin and junior lieutenant of the Red Army Vladimir S. Nyrkin who were held captive by the Germans for a short period of time in 1941–1942. These stories are of interest because in addition to the event-related aspect associated with the captivity of the Red Army commanders and their subsequent escape, there are hidden mental structures of the narrative: fatalism, high level of adaptability to circumstances, willpower, enterprise, ability to find non-standard solutions, and rejection of any kind of racial superiority and humiliation. The article consists of 5 main sections and brief conclusions. In the first section, the authors characterize the explanatory concept adopted by them within the framework of the anthropological perspective of historical knowledge. We were interested in particular instances that allow us to see what cannot be descried in a universal historical perspective: characteristic features of time and place, people’s actions and relationships described by those people. The article focuses on the participation of both main characters in helping the wounded Soviet prisoners of war. The second section contains a brief historiographical overview of the subject of and presents methods for working with sources, among which are the records of interrogations of Vladimir S. Nyrkin and Timofei M. Malygin in the investigative bodies of the NKVD. Three subsequent sections reveal the stages of being in captivity: the act of being taken captive, being held in captivity, and escape. The conclusion summarizes the results of the study. Despite their privileged position, the Red Army commanders fled from the camp at the first opportunity: V. Nyrkin established contact with the partisans, and T. Malygin used available material resources and exchanged valuables and money for the local residents’ services necessary for the escape. Authentic German documents related to the topic are presented in the article in the form of illustrations: a “passport” handwritten by a German military doctor and a typewritten “Ausweis” signed by the commandant of the transit camp for prisoners of war in the city of Smolensk.

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KOLOTILOVA, Natalya. "TOWARDS THE GREAT SCIENCE (TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST “STUDENT SCIENTIFIC WORKS JOURNAL” ISSUE)". LIFE OF THE EARTH 43, n.º 1 (17 de febrero de 2021): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2002.0514-7468.2020_43_1/142-148.

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The article deals with content of the first typewritten issue of “Student Scientific works Journal” as a historical document. The issue was prepared by 2-year students of the Biology and Soils Faculty at Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU)) on the basis of the biological summer practice. Data about science life of some journal’s authors are given.

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37

Carrington, Leonora y Helen Bremm. "The Sun May Not Rise For Us Next Year: Draft of Manifesto of 1961". International Journal of Surrealism 2, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2024): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ijs.2024.a943391.

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Abstract: This critical introduction presents a little-known typewritten manifesto draft by Leonora Carrington from the Fondo Documental Laurette Séjourné, preserved at the Archivo Histórico, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Dated August 1961 and so predating her better-known political writings, the archival text pays witness to Carrington’s ecologically motivated anti-war activism as part of her political consciousness from the 1960s onward.

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Николаева, М. А., М. М. Орлов y С. Г. Шурыгин. "The work of prof. M.M. Orlov «Forests are water protection, protective and forest parks» – 90 years old". Известия СПбЛТА, n.º 241 (29 de diciembre de 2022): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2022.241.82-98.

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Статья посвящена последней фундаментальной работе выдающегося лесовода России, профессора Лесного института (Ленинградской Лесотехнической академии) Михаила Михайловича Орлова «Леса водоохранные, защитные и лесопарки». Работа была завершена в январе 1932 года, однако так и не была опубликована ни при жизни автора, ни в течение нескольких 10-летий после его смерти. Статья основана на материалах, хранящихся в семье Орловых: письмах, фотографиях, документах, машинописном экземпляре труда «Леса водоохранные…». Статья содержит сведения о сложном периоде последнего года жизни проф. Орлова, когда велась травля лесоводов, отстаивающих принципы постоянства лесопользования, и резко усилилась борьба с Орловщиной. Приведены ссылки на письма ученика проф. Орлова – Н.П.Анучина, пытавшегося повлиять на издание книги ещё в 1932 году. Показана хронология событий, касающаяся причин неиздания труда «Леса водоохранные…». Первая публикация состоялась полвека спустя, к сожалению, в сокращенном варианте. Впервые в полном объеме труд «Леса водоохранные…» вышел в свет в 2019 году, в рамках многотомного издания «Труды проф. М.М. Орлова». Обширный обзор литературы позволили проф. Орлову глобально представить читателю значение леса для человека, дать рекомендации по организации и технике устройства лесов водоохранных, защитных и лесопарков; он предлагает свою классификацию лесов по степени их водоохранности. Главное, в книге показано, что проф. Орлов интуитивно предвидел ход дальнейшего развития лесного хозяйства в России. Поэтому, несмотря на прошедшие 90 лет, она не теряет своей значимости в ХХI веке. Леса водоохранные, защитные и лесопарки и в наши дни требуют к себе большого внимания со стороны лесоводов. The article is devoted to the last fundamental work of the outstanding Russian forester, professor of the Forestry Institute (Leningrad Forestry Engineering Academy) M.M. Orlov «Forests are water protection, protective and forest parks». The work was completed in January 1932, but was never published during the life of the author, or for several 10 years after his death. The article is based on materials kept in the Orlov family: letters, photographs, documents, typewritten copy of the work. The article contains information about the difficult period of the last year of prof. Orlov, when foresters were persecuted, defending the principles of constancy of forest management. Links to the letters of N.P. Anuchin, who tried to influence the publication of the book back in 1932. The chronology of events is shown, concerning the reasons for the non-publication of the book. The first publication took place half a century later, in an abridged version. For the first time in full, the work «Forests are water …» was published in 2019, as part of the multi-volume publication «Proceedings of prof. M.M. Orlov». An extensive review of the literature allowed prof. Orlov to globally present to the reader the importance of forests for humans, to give recommendations on the organization and technique of arranging of forests water protection, protective and forest parks; he proposes his own classification of forests according to the degree of their water protection. The book shows that prof. Orlov intuitively foresaw the course of the further development of forestry. Despite the past 90 years, it does not lose its significance in the 21st century.

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39

Moss, Michael y David Thomas. "The Motives for and Consequences of the Introduction of Typewriters and Word Processing in the British Civil Service". Administory 6, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2022-0005.

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Abstract Until the late nineteenth century the British Civil Service relied on handwritten documents which were hand copied by armies of clerks and filed. The next stage was that handwritten documents were copied by armies of typists and then filed. The third stage was that documents were, largely, typed by their authors and distributed via email or other means, at which point the system of filing seems to have broken down. The two major inflection points were roughly 100 years apart, and both the move to the typewriter and the move to email were motivated by a wish to save money.

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40

Tsyrenova, Nomin D. "Об одном архивном документе 1917 года по истории взаимоотношений между российским генеральным консульством в Монголии и правительством Богдо-гэгэна". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, n.º 1 (26 de abril de 2021): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-1-68-84.

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Goals. The article aims to give a brief review of the Draft Agreement on the lease of land plots to Russian citizens for commercial and industrial premises as a source on the history of relations between the Russian Consulate in Mongolia and the theocratic government of Bogd Gegeen. Materials and Methods. The typewritten document in Classical Mongolian is kept in the archives of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs affiliated to the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (Siberian Branch of the RAS). The study employs the method of source study formulary analysis according to which the document can be referred to as an individual formulary. Results. The paper discovers that the investigated Agreement was written in 1917. It analyzes the structure and content of the document, its source characteristics to present the specific historical background of the document’s creation, the latter’s role and significance in the history of relations between Mongolia and the Russian Empire. The most important sections of the Agreement (preamble and attachments thereto) were translated by the author. Conclusions. The Agreement reflects the interests of Russian merchants and industrialists who sought to legally secure their special rights throughout Outer Mongolia, which, apparently, caused the anxiety of the Chinese Government and Chinese merchants. After the conclusion of the ‘Friendship Agreement’ and the Trade Protocol in 1912, the Mongols restrained from providing specific categories of land for quite a long time, and Russian citizens could not use all the rights under the Trade Protocol. The main representative of Russian interests in Mongolia was the Consulate General of the Russian Empire in Urga. Chronological analysis of the document gives some reason to state that the negotiation process took several years — from circa 1912 to 1917. The Agreement contains some valuable and important data on the country and its realias during those years.

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Vorob’ev, Vasilii A. "GULAG SONGS AND POEMS IN THE MEMOIRS OF YU.P. YAKIMENKO". Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 7, n.º 1 (2024): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2024-7-1-83-107.

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The publication presents prison songs and poems from the typewritten text of Yu.P. Yakimenko’s memoirs “On prisons and camps: memories” (the document is stored in the collection of memoirs and literary works of the Archive of GULAG History of the Memorial* Society). The texts from memoirs provide insights into the peculiarities of the existence of certain prison songs and poems in various labor camps across the USSR. The author records the song repertoire of Soviet GULAG prisoners, the contexts of songs and poems emergence and transmission. The compositions of Yakimenko from the source are also published, both individually authored and co-authored with other prisoners.

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42

Zubova, N., H. Loshmanova y V. Somov. "FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND DISPLAY OF TEMPORARY FEATURES IN THE IMPRESSIONS OF SEALS AND STAMPS CLICHÉS". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 21, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_21.

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Seals and stamps, as well as their impressions, have been the objects of forensic identification for many decades, and although there are legal grounds for refusing to use seals by economic entities at present, documents are still certified with seal impressions. Recently, a great number of documents have been received for examination to address the issues as to the time period for document production. The forensic task on establishing the time period for document production is relevant. Only in the 80-s of the last century research regarding the possibilities of determining the time period for document production by impressions made by seals (stamps) clichés, produced with the help of vulcanizing rubber using movable types or typewriter composition was initiated. Over the past forty years, cliché manufacturing processes and the materials used in this process have significantly changed. At present, clichés produced with the use of new technologies are widespread, namely: laser engraving of rubber made by using photopolymer technology or flash technology. Changes in the technology of making clichés, production of new materials have led to the emergence of features that are formed in the cliché while its using. These features are displayed in the impressions of seals and stamps clichés. The article outlines the characteristic features of seals (stamps )clichés, considers the conditions for the occurrence of features in the process of their use, shows the evolution of their change, outlines the time periods for the existence of features, defines the criteria for attributing features to identically significant temporal features of the cliché. The mentioned temporal features appearing in the cliché of seals and stamps in general (taking into account handles) and in impressions over a certain period of time, allows to determine the time period of applying the impression on a document. In this case, free samples of impressions that have been made over the time period of examination and meet certain requirements should be provided for comparative analysis. For the categorical conclusion that the impression of a seal (stamp) was made in a specific period of time, it is needed to establish a set of persistent individual features that appeared in the studied impression and its copy over a certain period of time.

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43

Mohd Kadir, Nasibah Husna, Sharifah Nur Syafiqah Mohd Nur Hidayah, Norasiah Mohammad y Zaidah Ibrahim. "Comparison of convolutional neural network and bag of features for multi-font digit recognition". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2019): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1322-1328.

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<span>This paper evaluates the recognition performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bag of Features (BoF) for multiple font digit recognition. Font digit recognition is part of character recognition that is used to translate images from many document-input tasks such as handwritten, typewritten and printed text. BoF is a popular machine learning method while CNN is a popular deep learning method. Experiments were performed by applying BoF with Speeded-up Robust Feature (SURF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and compared with CNN on Chars74K dataset. The recognition accuracy produced by BoF is just slightly lower than CNN where the accuracy of CNN is 0.96 while the accuracy of BoF is 0.94.</span>

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44

Kosach, Grigory G. "Gamal Abdel Naser in the Assessments of a Soviet Journalist (Document from the Russian State Archive of the Contemporary History)". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 2 (2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080019120-9.

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A typewritten copy of the document published below is kept in the Russian State Archives of Contemporary History [RGANI]. There is no date on the copy, however, the events mentioned in the document (in time, the latest of them is the attempted coup d'état in Sudan in early November 1959) suggest that this document was written in the fall or early winter of the same year. The document is a letter (with small abbreviations that have nothing to do with the main plot) from Igor Belyaev, a correspondent of the Pravda newspaper the central printed organ of the CPSU Central Committee in Cairo, to the editorial office of this newspaper. Its author, relying on his knowledge of the Egyptian and Arab situation, apparently believed (considering it desirable) that the top Soviet party and state leadership would be familiarized with the contents of the letter. The document bore the character of a secret (on its archival copy there is a note “declassified”), and Belyaev could openly express his opinion both about Nasser (and his closest entourage) and about the position of the UAR leadership on issues related to relations with the Soviet Union, the course Nasser in the Arab world (primarily in connection with the events in Iraq after the anti-monarchist military coup on July 14, 1958), as well as his domestic policy.

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45

Kolmakova, Maria. "“Militant baptism” as evaluated by a group of researchers for the Propaganda and agitation department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union Communist Party". St. Tikhons' University Review 102 (31 de agosto de 2022): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022102.119-144.

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Draft document, currently stored in a single copy in the personal fund of A.I. Klibanov in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is published in the article. The document consists of 31 sheets of typewritten text, prepared in June 1966 by a group of scientists (A.I. Klibanov, P.K. Kurochkin, L.N. Mitrokhin, E.G. Filimonov and G.S. Lyalina) for the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union Communist Party. The authors analyze a lot of material, on the basis of which the first part of the document gives an assessment of the internal schism taking place in the Soviet Baptist Church. A special narrative is given to the activities of Council of Churches of Evangelical Christians-Baptists (CC ECB) and its May protest action, held in the center of Moscow, in which several hundred believers took part. Emphasizing the anti-Soviet sentiments among the followers of the SC ECB, the authors of the document refer to this religious organization first as a «militant church», and later clarify this name in the form «militant Baptism». In the final part, the document contains nine constructive proposals to suppress the conflict between the CC ECB and the state, as well as to normalize interaction between the authorities and various religious organizations. The surviving copy of the document has several losses that could not be replenished. Attempts to find a complete document in various archives and personal funds did not bring any result. Parts of the published document have become the basis for a number of books, pamphlets and articles written by members of the research group who prepared the document. The May protest action and the document published in this article played an important role in the publication of the entire popular science publishing series «Library “Modern Religions”».

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46

Andreev, Andrey y Nikolay Kirov. "Hausdorff Distances for Searching in Binary Text Images". Serdica Journal of Computing 3, n.º 1 (15 de mayo de 2009): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2009.3.23-46.

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Hausdorff distance (HD) seems the most efficient instrument for measuring how far two compact non-empty subsets of a metric space are from each other. This paper considers the possibilities provided by HD and some of its modifications used recently by many authors for resemblance between binary text images. Summarizing part of the existing word image matching methods, relied on HD, we investigate a new similar parameterized method which contains almost all of them as particular cases. Numerical experiments for searching words in binary text images are carried out with 333 pages of old Bulgarian typewritten text, 200 printed pages of Bulgarian Chrestomathy from year 1884, and 200 handwritten pages of Slavonic manuscript from year 1574. They outline how the parameters must be set in order to use the advantages of the proposed method for the purposes of word matching in scanned document images.

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47

Cardoso, Jorge, Décio Martins, Helmuth Malonek y Carlos Fiolhais. "Manuel dos Reis e a Astronomia em Portugal de 1930 a 1970". História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (29 de diciembre de 2019): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20p550-567.

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Resumo Descreve-se a evolução do Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra de 1930 a 1970, destacando- se o exercício das funções de diretor por Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992), de 1934 a 1970. Fonte primordial é o espólio documental de Manuel dos Reis à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, que inclui programas, lições, problemas, exames, estudos e notas, e outros manuscritos sobre História da Astronomia, Astronomia (Geral, Mecânica, Esférica e Geodésica), Astronomia Medieval, e Astronomia Náutica dos Descobrimentos. Engloba ainda listas bibliográficas, rascunhos das comunicações e discursos sobre Astronomia Náutica proferidos na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Apresenta-se, em particular, um documento datilografado, inédito, provavelmente da década de 30, com o título “Reorganização do ensino da Astronomia e da investigação astronómica”, onde Reis, após descrever brevemente a história da Astronomia, refere a Astrofísica como o “novo capítulo da Astronomia”, e reflete sobre o ensino e investigação da Astronomia, e sobre o funcionamento dos Observatórios Astronómicos de Coimbra e de Lisboa (Tapada da Ajuda), e do Observatório Meteorológico do Porto (Serra do Pilar).Palavras-chave: História da Astronomia em Portugal; Astrofísica, Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra. Abstract The evolution of the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra from 1930 to 1970 is described, highlighting Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992) role as director from 1934 to 1970. Main source is the collection of Manuel dos Reis documentation in the Archive of the University of Coimbra, which includes programs, lessons, problems, exams, studies and notes and other manuscripts on the History of Astronomy, Astronomy (General, Mechanical, Spherical and Geodesical), Medieval Astronomy, Nautical Astronomy of the Portuguese Discoveries. It also includes lists of bibliographical references, minutes of communications and speeches on Nautical Astronomy delivered at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. A typewritten, unpublished document, with the title "Reorganization of the teaching of astronomy and astronomical investigation”, probabbly from the 1930s, is presented. Reis, after a brief description of the history of Astronomy, describes Astrophysics as the "new chapter of Astronomy", reflects on the teaching and research on Astronomy, and on the operation of the Astronomical Observatories of Coimbra and Lisbon (Tapada da Ajuda), and the Meteorological Observatory of OPorto (Serra do Pilar). Keywords: History of Astronomy in Portugal; Astrophysics; Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra.

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48

Poltorak, Sergey Nikolaevich y Anastasia Valer’evna Zotova. "SHE HAS CREATED DANIIL GRANIN". Russkaya literatura 2 (2021): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2021-2-232-240.

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The article is devoted to R. M. Mayorova, D. A. Granin’s wife, with whom his creative success is associated. For decades, she had screened her husband from everyday worries so that he could pursue his literary career. Besides, she was in charge of his correspondence, worked as a translator, collected and processed data for future books and articles, typed the texts of his manuscripts on a typewriter. Foreign writers, publishers, cultural and public activists perceived Granin and Mayorova as an indivisible entity. Unfortunately, almost nothing has been written about Mayorova so far, although the archives contain many documents that confi rm her contribution to Granin’s achievements.

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49

Makarchuk, S. V. "Social-Democratic Underground of the Far East in the early XX Century: Public Records of the Center for Social and Political History". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, n.º 3 (27 de octubre de 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-3-36-42.

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The research features public records concerning the Social-Democratic organizations of the Far East (Russia), stored in the collection of illegal publications at the Center for Social and Political History, the rare book section. The collection contains archival documents originating from the two largest Social-Democratic groups of the Far East located in Blagoveshchensk and Vladivostok. The records include: various reports, corporate charters, resolutions of party meetings, mandates to elected officials, and small newspapers. Publications issued by the Far Eastern social democratic organizations were mostly leaflets printed on a typewriter or published on a hectograph or mimeograph. Some leaflets were printed in actual print shops of private publishing houses or in handicraft illegal print shops. Most of the documents were previously unstudied. However, they belong to the category of particularly valuable and unique historical documents of cultural, historical and scientific value for the study of the Socio-Political movement of the Russian East. The author believes that the public records stored at the Center for Social and Political History, in combination with other archival data, may cast light on the state of the history of Social-Democratic underground in the Far East, its formation and development.

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50

Miftakhutdinova, Nuriya M. "Creation of a unified typewriter keyboard for Turkic languages at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries". Historical Ethnology 7, n.º 3 (2022): 492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.492-506.

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he article aims to highlight the process of creating the development of keyboards for typewriters in the Tatar language and in other Turkic languages using the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet, undertaken at the turn of the 19th –20th centuries. Through the involvement of archival documents, the role of the inventors of such machines, M. Idrisov, G. Madyarov, T. Tuganov, A. Sheikh-Ali, is presented. It was revealed that G. Madyarov, together with T. Tuganov and A. Sheikh-Ali, made serious changes to the mechanism of the typewriter. According to the engineering inventions of A. Sheikh-Ali, starting from 1925, the production of typewriters at Tatyazmash was being established in the workshop of the Tatar Republic. In 1926, at a conference on the reform of the Tatar alphabet, the project of initial letters proposed by M. Idrisov was approved. The inventor creates a typewriter in which the Tatar fonts were adapted to the finished Underwood machine. It became a breakthrough solution. After the introduction of the Latin alphabet among the Turkic peoples of the USSR, the issue of creating appropriate keyboards for typewriters becomes acute. M. Idrisov on a scientific basis, using the works of B.A. Goltsev for the Russian keyboard, develops standard unified typewriter keyboards for the Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Tajik and other Turkic languages. He took into account the digital data on the study of the frequency of using letters and their combinations with each other in national literary works of agricultural, political, artistic and technical profile. M. Idrisov was engaged in the creation of type-setting cash registers for linotype machines, font sets for 10 Turkic-Tatar languages (1933) and font sets for twenty languages, which were approved and introduced into Soviet production in 1935–1938.

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