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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Tumeurs du côlon – Dissertation universitaire"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Tumeurs du côlon – Dissertation universitaire"
Alaouta, Cherine. "Imagerie moléculaire pour la nano-théranostique : approche par spectroscopie Raman". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMP201.
Texto completoAlthough cancer treatment has seen considerable progress, resistance to anticancer therapies remains a major cause of treatment failure. One approach to address this challenge is drug squalenization, a method that involves covalently attaching squalene to active pharmaceutical compounds, thereby generating powerful anticancer agents with self-assembly capabilities. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy was utilized to investigate the effects of the anticancer drugs Gem and DXF, along with squalenized nanoparticles (non-deuterated and deuterated GemSQ, and SQDXF), on breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116).Both Gem and DXF exhibit weak Raman cross sections, making them difficult to detect using Raman spectroscopy at physiological concentrations due to their nucleoside-analogue structures and low fluorescence quantum yield. To enhance the detectability of Gem, it was conjugated with deuterated squalenic acid, producing an analogue with a distinct spectral signature in the 2000-2300 cm⁻¹ range, free from interference by endogenous cell molecules. However, this strategy was not feasible for DXF, and the detection of SQDXF nanoparticles was instead achieved by monitoring their subcellular effects.The results provided valuable insights into the interactions between the drugs and key cellular components such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, with the findings being linked to the cytotoxic effects of the compounds. This research opens up promising new avenues in nanomedicine
Ychou, Marc. "Radioimmunothérapie des tumeurs : expertise in vivo des anticorps anti-ace radiomarqués à l'iode 131 sur le modèle du cancer colo-rectal". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD10.
Texto completoDesurmont, Thibault. "Etude de l'implication des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans la survenue d'une rechute métastatique chez des patients atteints d'un cancer du côlon métastatique et traités par chirurgie hépatique avec ou sans chimiothérapie néoadjuvante". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S042/document.
Texto completoOur aim was to analyze the potential role of chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 signalling pathways in liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their chemokine ligands were evaluated in liver metastases of colorectal cancer in order to study their correlation with overall and disease-free survival of patients having received, or not received, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen.Quantitative RT-PCR and CXCR2 immunohistochemical staining were carried out using human CRC liver metastasis samples. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their ligands were statistically analyzed according to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients ' outcome. Murine models of subcutaneous and orthotopic intracaecal xenografts have been developed and used to study the expression of CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCL7 in connection with the treatment of mice with chemotherapy.We showed that CXCR2 and CXCL7 overexpression are correlated to patient’s shorter overall and disease-free survival. By multivariate analysis, CXCR2 and CXCL7 expressions are independent factors of overall and disease-free survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases significantly the expression of CXCR2 and CXCL7 was overexpressed close to significance. Results of our mouse models have shown a trend over-expression of our interest genes in tumor tissues of the treated mice.In conclusion, we show the involvement of CXCL7/CXCR2 signalling pathways as a predictive factor of poor outcome in metastatic CRC. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens increase the expression of these genes in liver metastasis, providing one explanation for aggressiveness of relapsed drug-resistant tumors. Selective blockage of CXCR2/CXCL7 signalling pathways could provide new potential therapeutic opportunities
Garcia, Aurélie. "Établissement de modèles cellulaires de cancer du sein et de l'ovaire permettant l'étude des effets des récepteurs des œstrogènes sur la proliférération et l'activation de gènes". Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1TA07.
Texto completoEstrogen Receptors a and β (ERa and ERβ), which are members of the nuclear receptors superfamily, impact on cell proliferation and difrrentiation genes expression in an opposite manner. Both transcription factors activity belong to a natural ligand, but also to many environmental molecules, efficient to bind and disrupt their mechanism. Breast and ovarian cancers can be hormono-dependant cancers. Therapies aimed at counteract ERa positive breast cancers progression are mainly based on its invalidation. Nowadays, two strategies are applied: estrogen production inhibition using aromatase inhibitors, and ERa activity inhibition by anti-estrogens. On the contrary, hormono-therapy is not proposed for ovarian cancer treatment, because of a de nova resistance which remains to be better understood. It also appears essential to improve our knowledge about breast cancer resistance acquisition mechanisms, in order to research new therapies. The aim of this work was first to precise estrogen actions on~ cell proliferati n and target genes activation. For that, we established estrogen-responsive bioluminescent breast and ovarian cancers models. These cell lines allowed us to determine effects of naturat synthetic and environmental selective ligands on natural and synthetic genes activation through ERa and ERβ. The other part of this study consisted in establishing other breast and ovarian bioluminescent cell lines, allowing us to study cell and tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also show these bioluminescent models relevance to investigate hormono-resistance acquirement mechanisms and new anti-tumoral treatments
Zagani, Rachid. "Mécanismes d'action des inhibiteurs de COX2 impliqués dans la régression des adènomes coliques". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T017.
Texto completoBackground & Aims: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce colon cancer risk by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We performed microarray analysis of adenomas from ApcΔ14/+ mice to identify genes that respond to these drugs. Methods: ApcΔ14/+ mice were given a single daily injection of parecoxib for up to 9 weeks; intestinal tracts of these and control mice were analyzed by microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time PCR. Findings were further assessed using Apclox/lox vil-CreERT2 mice, the CT26 cancer cell line, and human colon tumour samples. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that osteopontin, a marker of colon cancer progression, was downregulated in polyps from ApcΔ14/+ mice given parecoxib, compared with controls. ApcΔ14/+ mice given parecoxib had longer survival times and reduced polyp burdens. Osteopontin was quickly downregulated by parecoxib in intestinal polyps from ApcΔ14/+ mice and 2 components of the osteopontin regulatory network—the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 and Wnt/β-catenin signalling—were sequentially repressed. NR4A2 activated the osteopontin promoter in CT26 cells; this effect was blocked by mutation of the NR4A2 binding response element, cotransfection of a dominant-negative form of NR4A2, and small inhibitory RNA against NR4A2. NR4A2 levels were increased throughout tumor progression in ApcΔ14/+ mice, but unlike osteopontin, did not correlate with tumor stage. NR4A2 levels were reduced in adenomas from patients treated with rofecoxib. Conclusions: Downregulation of osteopontin, probably through blockade of NR4A2 and Wnt signalling, is an important component of the antitumour activity of COX2 inhibitors. These factors might be developed as therapeutic targets for intestinal cancers
Moreau, Marie. "La ß-caténine et le NF-Kß coopèrent pour réguler le système uPA/uPAR dans des cellules tumorale". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077113.
Texto completoThe Wnt/ß-catenin signaling influences many cellular processes including cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) have been reported as target genes of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells, since their expression is directly regulated through ß-catenin, binding to the T-cell factor binding element (TBE) motifs present in their promoters. Using three cancer cell models (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SW480, breast and colon cancer cell lines, respectively) we demonstrated that silencing of ß-catenin increased uPA, uPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and the invasive potential of cancer cells. In addition, p-catenin stabilization and accumulation by lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) or by ß-catenin/Tcf-4 expression vectors transfection led to a decrease in uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 mRNA expression in the studied cancer models. Moreover, the treatment of P-catenin siRNA transfected cells with a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-KB) translocation, SN50, significantly reduced enhancement of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 expression and cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, ß-catenin siRNA treated cells exhibited NF-KB nuclear translocation. In this study we present evidence of a novel cross-talk between ß-catenin and uPA/uPAR System through NF-KB cooperation in breast and colon cancer cells. Our results strengthen the emerging view that ß-catenin exerts different effects on tumor cells and that the therapeutic strategy of its inhibition could involve more complex mechanisms than originally anticipated
Renaud-Monsarrat, Florence. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des tumeurs colorectales de la voie festonnée : intérêt des gènes de mucines". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S044/document.
Texto completoColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem yet it remains the third most common and the second deadliest cancer for both men and women in the United States and in Europe, owing to diagnosis at advanced stage and variable response to the treatments. However, the incidence and mortality appear to be steadily declining in countries with programmatic screening and it remains critical to characterize CRC molecular subtypes to identify new biomarkers. CRC display a wide clinicopathological and molecular heterogeneity and arise from different carcinogenesis pathway. Approximately 20% to 30% of CRC occur by the means of the serrated neoplasia pathway. CRC from the serrated pathway are associated with frequent epigenetic instability (CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype) which causes most sporadic microsatellite instability (MSI) CRC through epigenetic inactivation of MLH1 and frequent BRAF mutation. CRC from the serrated pathway frequently display a mucinous pattern and are prone to express secreted mucins MUC2 and MUC5AC. Early identification of serrated pathway precursor lesions is currently challenging since the progression to adenocarcinoma in this pathway is particularly brief.We assessed in this study clinicopathological and molecular features of colorectal carcinomas and polyps and we analyzed the interest of mucin genes MUC2 and MUC5AC to classify serrated polyps and to identify the precursor lesions of CIMP/MSI carcinomas._x000D_A series of 418 CRC and 330 polyps was included in the study, with 218 serrated polyps and 112 conventional adenomas. We assessed the molecular profile (KRAS/BRAF mutations, MSI, CIMP, MGMT methylation, MLH1) and the expression and methylation profile of MUC2 and MUC5AC genes and further correlation with clinical and pathological data were performed.We show that MUC5AC hypomethylation is a specific marker of CIMP/MSI CRC, independently of other clinical or pathological factors. We show moreover than MUC5AC hypomethylation is an early event of carcinogenesis, specific to microvesicular hyperplastic polyps (MVHP) and sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) suggesting a filiation between these two lesions and also a progression of MVHP to SSA, SSA with dysplasia, and then to MSI/CIMP CRC. MUC5AC hypomethylation was moreover highly specific of BRAF mutated, CIMP or MSI serrated lesions.In conclusion, our results suggest that the MUC5AC mucin is involved/plays a role in the development/progression of colorectal tumors of the serrated pathway. MUC5AC hypomethylation occurs early during carcinogenesis and may be of interest for the diagnosis of serrated polyp especially in the presence of ambiguous morphology and to early detection of polyps carrying a malignant potential. Our results suggest moreover that some MVHP may progress to SSA and CIMP/MSI CRCs highlighting the importance to perform biopsy of serrated polyps during endoscopy to identify microvesicular subtype among colorectal hyperplastic polyps, which could require a minimal surveillance
Dewaeles, Edmonde. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux déterminants moléculaires à l’origine de la résistance des tumeurs pulmonaires au cisplatine et de ses effets néphrotoxiques". Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S025.
Texto completoLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of cancer, accounting for 80% of lung cancer. Cisplatin combination therapy represents the cornerstone of NSCLC treatment. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited by two major issues: chemoresistance and the occurrence of serious adverse side effects, such as renal toxicity. In this thesis work, we have sought to identify and characterize new molecular determinants involved in the chemoresistance and/or renal toxicity of cisplatin. First, using a functional screening in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, we identified a miRNA whose overexpression decreases cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Then, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and demonstrated involvement of this miRNA in the regulation of signaling pathways associated with the apoptotic process and the metabolism of vitamin B 6. Secondly, we evaluated the role of the adenosine A2A receptor in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Our results showed that renal expression of this receptor is increased in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and that pharmacological modulation of A2AR, using selective antagonists, reduced cisplatin nephrotoxic effects. Lastly, using syngenic graft model, we showed that the administration of the selective A2AR antagonist did not compromise the anti-tumor properties of cisplatin; Overall, this work uncovered new therapeutic strategies that could either increase the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to cisplatin or limit its nephrotoxic effects
Gourdier, Isabelle. "Exploration de la résistance à l'oxaliplatine dans les cancers colorectaux : implication de la voie apoptotique mitochondriale". Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON13520.
Texto completoTumor resistance to chemotherapy limits considerably the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment. The aim of this thesis was to identify major cellular mechanisms leading to oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancers. For this purpose, we developed cellular models to study resistance, submitting several human colorectal cell lines to increasing concentrations of oxaliplatin. In this study, oxaliplatin resistance was found to be associated with a mitochondrial apoptosis defect, first in the HCT116 cellular model and then in a second cellular model: SW620. Indeed, oxaliplatin resistance was found to be associated with functional alterations in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (cross-resistance to apoptosis inducers acting directly on the mitochondria). In some cases, apoptosis alterations were found to be associated with a dysregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax at several levels: genetic (Bax mutation), transcriptional (over-expression of Bax transcripts) and/or proteomic ( dawn-expression or complete loss of expression of Bax protein). Identification of these alterations in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in relation to acquisition of oxaliplatin resistance opens new clinical horizons among which are:(i) the development of a method to predict oxaliplatin resistance, based on the identification of tumor markers of mitochondrial apoptosis defects, and (ii) the conception of a therapeutic strategy designed to increase oxaliplatin efficacy by addition of a substance able to modulate phenomena of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis resistance
MATHIEU, Jacques. "L'angiogenèse dans les carcinomes prostatiques". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T080.
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