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1
Javed, Aqib. "UHRF1, an epigenetic target for an anti-cancer strategy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ070.
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L'UHRF1 est une cible de médicaments pour traiter le cancer. Il est très présent dans de nombreux cancers, ce qui peut causer des problèmes de méthylation des gènes. Notre travail vise à étudier le potentiel anticancéreux des inhibiteurs de l'UHRF1-SRA (AMSA2, MPB7 et UM63), et à comprendre comment ils agissent et comment ils sont sélectifs envers les cellules cancéreuses. On a utilisé des techniques de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Cela a montré que ces composés ont un effet anticancéreux. Ils empêchent que le gène UHRF1 et le gène DNMT1 se retrouvent au même endroit. Ils contrôlent aussi leur niveau de protéines. Cela fait baisser la méthylation de l'ADN. On a aussi vu que le développement et le cycle des cellules cancéreuses ralentissaient, et que les protéines qui induisent l'apoptose augmentaient. L'analyse du méthylome a montré que ces inhibiteurs diminuaient l'hyperméthylation des TSG, ce qui réactivait leur rôle de protection contre le cancer. Ces composés n'ont eu qu'un faible effet sur les cellules non cancéreuses, ce qui a été confirmé dans des conditions de culture cellulaire en 2D et en 3DUHRF1 has been identified as a druggable epigenetic target for cancer therapy as it is overexpressed in many cancers promoting hypermethylation/silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), which lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. This thesis aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of UHRF1-SRA inhibitors (AMSA2, MPB7 and UM63), and to explore their mechanism of action as well as their selectivity towards cancer cells. Using multiple cell and molecular biology techniques, we revealed that these compounds exert anticancer activity. They prevent co-localization of UHRF1/DNMT1 tandem and also downregulate their protein levels which lead to a decrease in global DNA methylation. Furthermore, a significant arrest in cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle was observed, followed by an upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins resulting in apoptosis. Methylome analysis revealed that these inhibitors decreased the hypermethylation at TSGs, reactivating their onco-protective role. Interestingly, these compounds exerted minimal impact on non-cancerous cells, validated in both 2D and 3D cell culture conditions
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Anwar, Rabia. "Dysregulated trophoblast-specific gene expression mediated by retroviral regulatory sequences contributes to preeclampsia (PE)". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22506.
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Präeklampsie (PE) ist eine Komplikation, die während der Schwangerschaft auftritt, fast 2-8% aller Schwangerschaften betrifft und human spezifisch ist. PE ist eine der Hauptursachen für den Tod von Mutter und Kind. Eine abnormale Plazentaentwicklung aufgrund einer verminderten Trophoblasteninvasion und einem gestörten Umbau der Spiralarterien trägt zur Pathogenese der PE bei. Klinisch wird die PE durch Bluthochdruck und Proteinurie, auftretendnach der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche, diagnostiziert und kann durch eine Funktionsstörung von Organen begleitet werden. Bei besonders schweren Verläufen ist die frühzeitige Endbindung die letzte Möglichkeit das Überleben der Mutter zu gewährleisten.
Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, weitere Gene zu identifizieren, die durch ERVs in der menschlichen Plazenta spezifisch reguliert werden und in PE dysreguliert sind. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wurde das Transkriptom von primären menschlichen Trophoblastenzellen von 5 gesunden und 5 früh einsetzenden PE-Plazenten mittels RNA-Sequenzierung analysiert. Es wurden 335 Gene identifiziert, welche eine höhere Expression in den Trophoblastenzellen im Vergleich zu anderen Geweben aufwiesen. Zusätzlich zeigten einige der Gene (n=88) eine Co-Regulation der Expression durch retrovirale LTRs (10-kb 5‘ des transcription start side (TSS) des Gens). Hauptinteresse lag hierbei auf den Genen, welche ebenfalls eine Dysregulation in der PE aufwiesen (n = 16).
Diese Studie identifizierte EPS8L1, das durch primaten-spezifisches ERV-LTR (MLT1G1) in Trophoblastenzellen reguliert wird, als einen wichtigen Faktor in der Entwicklung der menschlichen Plazenta. EPS8L1 ist in der PE Plazenta dysreguliert und involviert in mehrere Signalwege und die Funktionalität von Trophoblasten wie Invasion, Angiogenese und Redoxhomöostase. Hierdurch führt diese Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis der PE und deren human-spezifischer Natur.Preeclampsia (PE) is a complication that occurs during pregnancy and affects almost 2-8% of all pregnancies and is often regarded as a human-specific disorder.1,2 PE is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal death.1 Failure of the trophoblast cells to invade into the maternal decidua results in the improper remodeling of spiral arteries leading to PE pathogenesis. Clinically, it is diagnosed as a maternal syndrome, diagnosed by the new-onset of hypertension and proteinuria or other end-organ dysfunction after the 20th week of pregnancy. So far, the only effective treatment of the disorder is the removal of the placenta tissue and delivery of the infant. The aim of this study is to identify additional genes that are regulated by the human ERV-LTRs in the human placenta specifically, and are dysregulated in PE. To achieve this aim, the transcriptome of primary human trophoblast cells of 5 healthy and 5 early-onset PE placentas were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq analysis identified genes (n=335) with stronger expression in the trophoblast cells as compared to other human body tissues. Additionally, some of the genes (n=88) showed co-regulation of expression by the human ERV-LTRs in their vicinity (10-kb upstream of transcription start side (TSS) of the gene). Since my interest was to identify the new targets of PE pathogenesis, so I focused on genes (n=16) with dysregulated expression in women presented with PE. This study identified a new gene EPS8L1, regulated by primate-specific ERV-LTR in trophoblast cells that has a predominant role in the human placenta development and demonstrated that its dysregulation affected multiple pathways involved in trophoblast function like invasion, angiogenesis and maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. Furthermore, this study leads to the better understanding of the disease by explaining certain aspects of human-specific nature of PE.
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Killge, Sebastian, Sujay Charania, Niels Neumann, Zaid Al-Husseini, Dirk Plettemeier, Johann W. Bartha, Ronny Henker y Frank Ellinger. "Modeling and characterization of optical TSVs". SPIE, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35148.
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In future, computing platforms will invoke massive parallelism by using a huge number of processing elements. These elements need broadband interconnects to communicate with each other. Following More-than-Moore concepts, soon large numbers of processors will be arranged in 3D chip-stacks. This trend to stack multiple dies produces a demand for high-speed intraconnects (within the 3D stack) which enable an efficient operation. Besides wireless electronic solutions (inductive or capacitive as well as using antennas), optical connectivity is an option for bit rates up to the Tbit/s range, too. We investigated different candidates for optical TSVs. For optical transmission via optical Through-Silicon-Vias, we were able to demonstrate negligible losses and dispersion.
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Nentwich, Hilke A. "TSG-6 : protein and genotyping studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299522.
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Wennergren, Karl Fredrik. "Metal Filling of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) using Wire Bonding Technology". Thesis, KTH, Mikro- och nanosystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145552.
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Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) are vertical interconnections providing the shortest possible signal paths between vertically stacked chips in 3D packaging. In this thesis, TSVs are fabricated and two novel approaches for the metal filling of TSVs are investigated. A wire bonder is utilized to apply TSV core material in the form of gold stud bumps. The metal filling approaches are carried out by 1) squeezing stud bumps down the TSV holes by utilizing a wafer bonder and 2) stacking stud bumps on the outer periphery of the TSV holes and thereby forcing the material further down. Both approaches have successfully filled TSV holes of varying depths and no voids have been observed. The squeezing approach reaches measured depths of up to 52.9 μm and the stacking approach reaches depths of up to 100 μm.
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Tohidi, Yaser. "Optimal Long-Term Generation-Transmission Planning in the Context of Multiple TSOs". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195735.
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Power system transmission is undergoing rapid changes by the advent of renewable resources of energy, distributed generation, market integration, etc. Transmission planning is, nowadays, about building more inter-connections between adjacent regions or connecting off-shore wind farms to the grid or augmenting the network to support new path flows of energy and is still almost entirely the responsibility of regulated transmission system operator (TSO). Moreover, a well-developed transmission planning includes anticipating the generation investment decisions made by profit-maximizing generation companies (Gencos). Ensuring sustainable development of the power system necessitates coordination between TSO transmission investment with Gencos generation investments. Moreover, coordination between inter-connected TSOs in planning the network is also required in order to hunter the economic benefits of a robust and efficiently planned multi-area power system. Driven by the need for more coordination of the long-term planning of the inter-connected power systems, this thesis aims to develop models to be used in analysis of the multi-TSO multi-Genco transmission and generation planning and suggest mechanisms and coordination approaches for the better functioning of the power system. This includes mathematical models for transmission planning in the context of multiple TSOs and generation-transmission investment planning based on the game theory concepts in applied mathematics and evaluating mechanisms and approaches.QC 20161110
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Sampong, Paola Nadia <1988>. "Hybridities in TSOs: ambiguities and challenges. A case study on venture capitalism". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5731.
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My thesis seeks to contribute to the understanding of the international wide-spreading process of hybridization of TSOs (Third Sector Organizations). Presenting and analysing existing theories about hybridity the writing builds a model of profit/nonprofit organization highlighting ambiguities and challenges of the sector's blurring. It attempts to demonstrate how innovative social entrepreneurship partnerships are successfully responding to existing and emerging needs creating economic and societal value. The paper shows how the identified advantages and disadvantages of hybridity across profit/nonprofit boundaries can be applied to a particular case study on venture philanthropy.
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Daniels, Colin Peter. "People matters : attracting knowledge workers to technology start-ups (TSUs) in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24829.
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Companies within the high-technology industry are largely dependent on a specialised knowledge base to make advances in technological innovations and maintain a competitive advantage. Technology start-ups (TSUs) have limited resources and face various organisational challenges which place them at a disadvantage in the recruitment of skilled knowledge workers. This research investigates the factors which attract highly skilled knowledge workers to technology start-ups (TSUs) in South Africa, despite their numerous challenges. This study used a mixed method design involving 129 knowledge workers. Exploratory interviews were conducted in the first phase to investigate which factors attracted knowledge workers to TSUs. An Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint (ACBC) experiment in the second phase tested the relative importance of the attributes that were identified during the interviews and in the literature. The findings revealed that intellectual challenge and financial package were the most important individual attributes while non-financial job attributes were most important overall. Different preferences existed between genders although not between job types. The entrepreneurial aspirations of the knowledge worker were also found to be a significant factor in their attraction to a TSU. Recommendations are made to TSUs for recruiting talent based on the findings.CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Fkih, Yassine. "Conception en vue du Test des Circuits Intégrés 3D à base de TSVs". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20063/document.
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Depuis plusieurs années, la complexité des circuits intégrés ne cesse d'augmenter : du SOC (System On Chip) vers le SIP (System In Package), et plus récemment les circuits empilés en 3D : les 3D SIC (Stacked Integrated Circuits) à base de TSVs (Through Silicon Vias) interconnectant verticalement les tiers, ou puces, du système. Les 3D SIC présentent de nombreux avantages en termes de facteur de forme, de performance et de consommation mais demandent aussi de relever de nombreux défis en ce qui concerne leur test, étape nécessaire avant la mise en service de ces systèmes complexes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous attachons à définir les infrastructures de test qui permettront de détecter les éventuels défauts apparaissant lors de la fabrication des TSVs ou des différentes puces du système. Nous proposons une solution de BIST (Built In Self Test) pour le test avant empilement des TSVs. Cette solution est basée sur l'utilisation d'oscillateurs en anneaux dont la fréquence d'oscillation dépend des caractéristiques électriques des TSVs. La solution de test proposée permet non seulement la détection de TSVs fautifs mais aussi de renseigner sur le nombre d'éléments défectueux et leur identification. D'autre part, nous proposons une architecture de test 3D basée sur la nouvelle proposition de norme IEEE P1687. Cette infrastructure permet de donner accès aux composants du système 3D avant et après empilement. Elle permet d'autre part de profiter du recyclage des données de test développées et appliquées avant empilement pour chacun des tiers puis ré-appliqués durant ou après l'empilement. Ces travaux aboutissent finalement à l'ouverture d'une nouvelle problématique liée à l'ordonnancement des tests sous contraintes (puissance consommée, température).Mots-clés : test, circuits 3D, TSV, BIST, oscillateur en anneau, architecture de test 3D, IEEE P1687, test avant empilement, test après empilementFor several years, the complexity of integrated circuits continues to increase, from SOC (System On Chip) to SIP (System In Package) , and more recently 3D SICs (Stacked Integrated Circuits) based on TSVs (Through Silicon Vias ) that vertically interconnect stacked circuits in a 3D system. 3D SICs have many advantages in terms of small form factor, high performances and low power consumption but have many challenges regarding their test which is a necessary step before the commissioning of these complex systems. In this thesis we focus on defining the test infrastructure that will detect any occurring defects during the manufacturing process of TSVs or the different sacked chips in the system. We propose a BIST (Built In Self Test) solution for TSVs testing before stacking, this solution is based on the use of ring oscillators which their oscillation frequencies depend on the electrical characteristics of the TSVs. The proposed test solution not only allows the detection of faulty TSVs but also gives information about the number of defective TSVs and their location. On the other hand, we propose a 3D DFT (Design For Test) architecture based on the new proposed test standard IEEE P1687. The proposed test architecture provides test access to the components of the 3D system before and after stacking. Also it allows the re-use of recycled test data developed and applied before stacking to each die in the mid-bond and post-bond test levels. This work lead to the opening of a new problem related to the test scheduling under constraints such as: power consumption, temperature.Keywords: test, 3D circuits, TSV, BIST, ring oscillators, 3D DFT architecture, IEEE P1687, pre-bond test, post-bond test
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Howat, Sarah Lamont Telfer. "TSG6 : expression and influence on the stability of the extracellular matrix in joint tissues". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326100.
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CORDA, ERICA. "TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES (TSES): EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO PATHOGENESIS, THERAPY AND PREVENTION IN ANIMAL MODELS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169556.
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Prion diseases are perhaps the most mysterious and peculiar diseases in nature. These diseases do not rely on the general dogmas of modern biology, seen in other infectious diseases caused by conventional pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. On the contrary, their infectious agent is an unconventional proteinaceous pathogen, termed prion, that lacks functional nucleic acids. Prion diseases are also known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), since the diseases are transmissible from one host to another and manifest a spongiform appearance as result of the destruction of brain tissue during a long incubation period. Prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, “mad cow disease”) in ruminants, scrapie in sheep and goats and chronic wasting disease in deer and elks. As demonstrated in the BSE outbreak and its transmission to humans, the onset of diseases is not limited to a certain species but can be transmissible from one host species to another. Such a striking nature of prions has generated huge concerns in public health and attracted serious attention in the scientific communities.
To date, the potential transmission of prions to human has not been alleviated and TSEs still have no reliable preclinical screening tests and effective treatments.
This doctoral thesis deals widely with the prion diseases, from epidemiology to pathogenesis, from diagnosis to therapy and prevention. Moreover it describes in detail three experimental projects aimed to clarify different aspects of TSEs. In all of them wild-type mouse bioassays are used, as they are the gold standard for assessing the biological properties of prions.
The goal of the first study was to assess the therapeutic and/or preventive activity on TSEs of the chronic administration of a new γ-secretase modulator. The second research investigated the ability to identify BSE in presence of scrapie. The third project was aimed to study the effects induced by chronic administration of lipid enriched/depleted specific diets on the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
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Ariyawong, Kanaparin. "Modélisation des procédes de croissance de SiC en phase gazeuse (PVT) et en phase liquide (TSSG)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI030/document.
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Le carbure de silicium (SiC) est l'un des matériaux les plus prometteurs pour les dispositifs électroniques de puissance. Même si la modélisation a prouvé sa capacité à assister le développement du procédé de croissance des cristaux de SiC, de nombreux aspects ne sont toujours pas décrits de façon satisfaisante. Cette thèse a pour but d'utiliser les outils de modélisation pour étudier les phénomènes fondamentaux ayant lieu dans la croissance massive du SiC, que ce soit en phase vapeur (PVT) ou en phase liquide (TSSG). Pour la méthode PVT, une attention particulière est portée sur la physico-chimie de l'interface solide-vapeur. Pour simuler la cristallisation stœchiométrique du SiC à partir d'une phase gazeuse non-congruente, phénomène mal décrit par le modèle d'Hertz-Knudsen, nous avons considéré le SiC comme une solution solide en utilisant la modélisation couplée du transfert de masse et de la thermodynamique. Cette approche donne une évaluation de la composition du cristal de SiC qui peut être liée à des paramètres contrôlables. De telles corrélations peuvent servir de base pour contrôler la densité de défauts ponctuels, la stabilité des polytypes et la concentration de dopage. Dans le cas du procédé TSSG, les effets de la vitesse de rotation du cristal et de la fréquence du champ magnétique sont étudiés. La convection électromagnétique est la principale contribution régissant les mouvements de fluide à basse fréquence alors que la convection naturelle et l'effet Marangoni deviennent dominants à haute fréquence. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisant les basses fréquences, la vitesse de croissance du cristal pourrait encore être accrue en augmentant la vitesse de rotation. Une modélisation analytique, couplée aux calculs de dynamique des fluides a permis de décrire les interactions entre le flux de liquide et la direction de propagation des marches de croissance à la surface du cristal. Un paramètre de phase a été introduit comme critère d'apparition de macromarches, à l'origine d'instabilités morphologiquesSilicon Carbide (SiC) is one of the most desirable materials for power electronic devices. The development of the growth process, to achieve larger size and higher quality is on the way. Even if modeling has proved its ability to assist the optimization of the growth processes, there are still some strong issues which are not considered in a satisfactory way. This thesis aims to use the modeling tools to tackle those challenging fundamental and technological issues on both industrially used PVT and emerging TSSG processes. In the PVT process, special attention is paid to the physical chemistry at the solid-vapor interfaces. Especially, we investigated the way to model the stoichiometric crystallization of SiC from a non-congruent vapor as the Hertz-Knudsen model was shown to be not adapted. We thus considered SiC as a solid solution using coupled mass transport modeling and thermodynamics. This approach gives an assessment to the chemistry of the SiC crystal which can be linked to the controllable parameters. Such correlations may serve as a basis to control the points defect density, stable polytypes, and doping concentration. Concerning the TSSG process, the effects of crystal rotation speed and operating frequency are studied. The electromagnetic convection is the main contribution governing the growth process using low frequency while the combined buoyancy and Marangoni convections become dominant at high frequency. In the experimental conditions using low frequency, the crystal growth rate could still be enhanced by increasing the rotation speed. The phase parameter is also introduced using the combined fluid dynamics and analytical modeling. This provides a comprehensive visualization of the interactions between fluid flow and step flow and a guideline to improve the surface morphology of the crystal
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Freitas, Anderson Meirelles. "TSS e TSB: novos descritores de forma baseados em tensor scale". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20122017-205014/.
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Neste trabalho são apresentados dois novos descritores de forma para tarefas de recuperação de imagens por conteúdo (CBIR) e análise de formas, que são construídos sobre uma extensão do conceito de tensor scale baseada na Transformada de Distância Euclidiana (EDT). Primeiro, o algoritmo de tensor scale é utilizado para extrair informações da forma sobre suas estruturas locais (espessura, orientação e anisotropia) representadas pela maior elipse contida em uma região homogênea centrada em cada pixel da imagem. Nos novos descritores, o limite do intervalo das orientações das elipses do modelo de tensor scale é estendido de 180º para 360º, de forma a melhor discriminar a descrição das estruturas locais. Então, com base em diferentes abordagens de amostragem, visando resumir informações mais relevantes, os novos descritores são construídos. No primeiro descritor proposto, Tensor Scale Sector (TSS), a distribuição das orientações relativas das estruturas locais em setores circulares é utilizada para compor um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, para uma caracterização de formas baseada em região. No segundo descritor, o Tensor Scale Band (TSB), foram considerados histogramas das orientações relativas extraídos de bandas concêntricas, formando também um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, com uma função de distância de tempo linear. Resultados experimentais com diferentes bases de formas (MPEG-7 e MNIST) são apresentados para ilustrar e validar os métodos. TSS demonstra resultados comparáveis aos métodos estado da arte, que geralmente dependem de algoritmos custosos de otimização de correspondências. Já o TSB, com sua função de distância em tempo linear, se demonstra como uma solução adequada para grandes coleções de formas.In this work, two new shape descriptors are proposed for tasks in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and Shape Analysis tasks, which are built upon an extended tensor scale based on the Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT). First, the tensor scale algorithm is applied to extract shape attributes from its local structures (thickness, orientation, and anisotropy) as represented by the largest ellipse within a homogeneous region centered at each image pixel. In the new descriptors, the upper limit of the interval of local orientation of tensor scale ellipses is extended from 180º to 360º, to better discriminate the description of local structures. Then, the new descriptors are built based on different sampling approaches, aiming to summarize the most relevant features. In the first proposed descriptor, Tensor Scale Sector descriptor (TSS), the local distributions of relative orientations within circular sectors are used to compose a fixed-length feature vector, for a region-based shape characterization. For the second method, the Tensor Scale Band (TSB) descriptor, histograms of relative orientations are considered for each circular concentric band, to also compose a fixed-length feature vector, with linear time distance function for matching. Experimental results for different shape datasets (MPEG-7 and MNIST) are presented to illustrate and validate the methods. TSS can achieve high retrieval values comparable to state-of-the-art methods, which usually rely on time-consuming correspondence optimization algorithms, but uses a simpler and faster distance function, while the even faster linear complexity of TSB leads to a suitable solution for very large shape collections.
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Bleiker, Simon. "Fabrication of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) with RF Capability by Magnetic Assembly of Nickel Wires". Thesis, KTH, Mikrosystemteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55475.
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Within this master thesis work, a novel TSV technology with RF capabilities is presented. A major focus was laid on the design and the construction of a fully automated fabrication tool for the assembly of Ni TSV cores. The utilisation of the ferromagnetic properties of nickel allowed for a highly parallelised self-assembly process which was implemented in the automated fabrication. Furthermore, a special eort was made to improve the RF capabilities of this type of TSVs. In order to increase the RF conductibility, a novel type of metal conductor was devised and fabricated. The deposition of a thin gold layer on the perimeter of the conductor allowed for an optimal utilisation of the skin eect to enhance the RF performance. The above-mentioned newly developed assembly tool was then used to build RF transmission lines test structures.
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Riddle, Craig Stuart. "A Scrolling Geotextile Fabric Filter Device for Primary Clarification". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30913.
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This study investigated the feasibility of using a portable geotextile fabric based filtering device to remove suspended solids from raw sewage. This device was considered to replace a conventional primary clarifier. The proposed filtration process directs wastewater influent through a geotextile fabric filter. As filtering progresses, and solids accumulate on the fabric, the loaded fabric is scrolled to present a fresh surface.
Only non-woven polypropylene geotextile fabrics were investigated. These products are constructed by spunbonding or needle-punch technique. Needle-punched fabrics proved superior in terms of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) filtering performance and fabric usage rates. Spunbonded products absorbed less moisture, reducing loaded fabric weight. Fabric thickness did not affect filtration efficiencies for either type of geotextile.
Process variables affecting unit performance were investigated. Flow rate, head level, and fabric tension did not affect TSS removal. Fabric tension, however, is limited by tensile strength of the geotextile material.
Two wastewater receving basin configurations for the device were investigated. An influent basin with two 450 angled walls forming a V-shape performed better in terms of fabric feed rates. It is recommended for full-scale applications.
Finally, several methods were used in an effort to improve treatment performance. Polymer use, and polymer use in conjunction with pre-screening of wastewater, were both used. Polymer use alone did not increase the operating efficiency. Polymer use, along with pre-screening, was promising enough to consider this as a stand-alone treatment system.Master of Science
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Kahmann, Jan D. "Structural and functional studies on the link module from human TSG-6". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302067.
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Steiner, Rahel Elisabeth [Verfasser] y Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Moser. "Der Einfluss von BMPER und Tsg auf die arteriovenöse Differenzierung beim Zebrafisch". Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222436353/34.
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Johannesson, Ylva y Jenny Martens. "Kommunikation genom tecken : förskolepedagogers upplevelse av hur tecken som stöd (TSS) kan bidra till barns språkutveckling". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24618.
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Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa hur tecken som stöd (TSS) används i förskolan samt hur pedagogerna upplever detta. Anser de att det finns fördelar respektive nackdelar gällande barns språkutveckling och kommunikation vid användandet av TSS? Följande frågeställning har formulerats utifrån syftet: Hur/när använder sig pedagoger av TSS i förskolan samt hur upplever de att detta gynnar barns språkutveckling och kommunikation? Hur upplever pedagogerna sin egen roll i användandet av TSS samt upplever de att det finns fördelar respektive nackdelar med att använda TSS? Undersökningen är kvalitativ och har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med fem pedagoger som arbetar i förskolan, varav en är specialpedagog. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna är positiva till användningen av TSS samt att de upplever att det gynnar barns språkutveckling och kommunikation. De undersökta förskolorna har olika användningsområden när det gäller TSS, det kan fungera som ett verktyg exempelvis vid flerspråkighet samt vid funktionshinder. Pedagogerna anser att TSS kan vara till stöd för alla barn i förskolan och att det främjar delaktighet och samhörighet till gruppen. Det framkommer att det är av stor betydelse att alla vuxna och barn kan kommunicera med tecken för att alla ska känna sig inkluderade i verksamheten. Pedagogerna anser att det behövs utbildning inom teckenkommunikation för att detta arbetssätt ska genomsyra verksamheten.
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Dyer, Douglas Philip. "Tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) binds to the pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL8 and modulates its activity". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tumour-necrosis-factorstimulated-gene6-tsg6-binds-to-the-proinflammatory-chemokine-cxcl8-and-modulates-its-activity(d7ee8a1f-ebd2-44e2-aa9f-cff6d0cf26ab).html.
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Tumour necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) is a protein present in a range of tissues and is produced by a wide range of cell types in response to a number of inflammatory stimuli, where this protein is thought to mediate protection against excessive inflammation. TSG-6 is expressed in response to inflammation and has been implicated as an endogenous protector of tissues, e.g. in the context of inflammatory arthritis. TSG-6 has also been shown to reduce inflammatory damage in animal models of both myocardial infarction and corneal injury. Our earlier studies demonstrated that TSG-6 is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil migration, which likely contributes to these protective activities. Here we investigated the effect of TSG-6 on CXCL8-mediated pro-inflammatory processes. The interaction of TSG-6 with CXCL8, and how this influences the binding of CXCL8 to heparin, was investigated using solid-phase assays and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The ability of this interaction to inhibit the interaction between CXCL8 and one of its receptors CXCR2 was investigated using murine pre-B cells expressing this receptor, in flow cytometry experiments. The effects of TSG-6 on CXCL8's pro-inflammatory activities were assessed using a neutrophil cell line (differentiated HL60 cells) in a trans-endothelial migration assay and gelatin zymography to measure secretion of MMPs by the endothelial cell (EC) line EA.hy 926. TSG-6 expression in EA.hy 926 and HL-60 cells was assessed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting of cell lysates and culture media. We have shown that TSG-6 binds to CXCL8 via its Link module domain (Link_TSG6) and inhibits the interaction of CXCL8 with heparin. Analysis of culture media from EA.hy 926 cells revealed that both full-length TSG-6 and Link_TSG6 abolished CXCL8-mediated up-regulation of MMP-2 secretion. In transmigration assays, TSG-6 and Link_TSG6 were found to inhibit CXCL8-induced migration of neutrophils across an EC monolayer and also inhibited the interaction between CXCL8 and CXCR2; this effect was enhanced in mutants of Link_TSG6 with reduced heparin-binding functions. Very limited TSG-6 expression was observed in EA.hy 926 and HL-60 cells, where stimulation with pro-inflammatory mediators had little effect on expression. Here we have shown that TSG-6 binds directly to CXCL8 and inhibits its interaction with heparin, its interaction with CXCR2 and its enhancement of MMP-2 secretion by ECs; these effects are mediated via the Link module of TSG-6. Furthermore, Link_TSG6 inhibits trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils in a dose dependent manner; this could be due in part to reduced association of CXCL8 with EC glycosaminoglycans or with its receptors on neutrophils, thereby limiting its pro-migratory activity. Inhibition of MMP production by ECs could also limit neutrophil trans-migration as well as tissue damage and angiogenesis. Thus, the modulation of CXCL8 activity represents one way in which TSG-6 might protect tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation.
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Cuzzocrea, Julien. "Mise au point de procédés électrolytiques de dépôt de cuivre pour la métallisation de vias traversants (TSVs)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825390.
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La miniaturisation nécessaire à l'accroissement des performances des composants microélectroniques est en passe d'atteindre ses limites. Ainsi, une nouvelle approche dite " intégration 3D " semble prometteuse pour outrepasser les limitations observées. Cette nouvelle intégration consiste à empiler les différentes puces qui sont reliées entre elles par des vias appelées Through Silicon Vias (TSV). L'une des clés pour la réalisation de circuits en 3 dimensions est la métallisation des TSVs. Cette dernière nécessite les dépôts d'une barrière et d'une couche d'accroche qui sert à initier le remplissage par électrolyse. Ces travaux s'intéressent plus spécifiquement à la réalisation de la couche d'accroche et au remplissage des TSVs.La couche d'accroche est généralement déposée par pulvérisation, ce qui ne permet pas d'obtenir une couverture de marche satisfaisante pour la réalisation du remplissage. Cette étude propose une solution électrolytique appelée SLE (Seed Layer Enhancement) qui permet de restaurer la continuité de la couche d'accroche déposée par PVD. L'application de ce procédé associé à un traitement de désoxydation de la surface permet l'optimisation de la nucléation du cuivre et donc la réalisation d'une couche de cuivre continue et conforme. Le procédé SLE a été intégré à la séquence de métallisation et a démontré sa capacité à initier un remplissage superconforme. De plus, des tests électriques ont confirmé l'efficacité du procédé SLE une fois intégré. Ces expériences ont ouvert la voie à l'étude du dépôt électrolytique de cuivre direct sur la barrière à la diffusion du cuivre, c'est le procédé Direct On Barrier. Les premiers résultats ont permis de démontrer la possibilité de déposer une couche de cuivre conforme sur des barrières résistives. Le second volet de ces travaux s'intéresse au remplissage par électrolyse des TSVs. Dans ce but, deux électrolytes (d'ancienne et de nouvelle génération) ont été considérés. L'effet des additifs sur le dépôt et leurs actions sur le remplissage superconforme ont été étudiés par voltampérométrie et chronopotentiométrie pour chacune des solutions. Ces analyses ont permis de monter deux mécanismes de remplissage différents principalement dû à l'action de l'additif inhibiteur durant l'électrolyse. Contrairement au cas de l'électrolyte d'ancienne génération inspiré des procédés pour le damascène, l'inhibiteur de l'électrolyte de nouvelle génération s'adsorbe fortement et irréversiblement à la surface du cuivre. Il bloque efficacement la croissance sur les flancs et le haut des TSVs, sans toutefois pouvoir contrarier l'action de l'accélérateur en fond de motif.
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Veiga, José Augusto Paixão. "A influência das TSMS dos ocenos Pacíficos e Atlântico nas chuvas de monção da América do Sul". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/jeferson/2003/10.01.13.06.
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Foram usados dados de radiação de onda longa emitida (ROL), temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) fornecida pelo NCPE e dados médios mensais de precipitação para 22 postos meteorológicos numa área de atuação do sistema de monção da América do Sul (SMAS). A climatologia de precipitação (1961-1999) deixou claro que a área escolhida para o estudo, apresenta dois regimes bem definidos de precipitação, um chuvoso (DJF) e outro seco (JJA). A climatologia mostrou que durante os meses de setembro a fevereiro (período de atuação da MVAS) o total mensal de chuva pode alcançar 80 % do total anual. Quanto as datas de início e fim da estação chuvosa estimadas por climatologia de pêntadas de ROL (1974-1996), os campos mostraram que os postos meteorológicos localizados ao nordeste (NE) da área de estudo apresentam períodos chuvosos mais curtos que os demais. As datas de início da estação chuvosa ao longo de todo período estudado (1974-1996), apresentaram grande variabilidade, mas não foi observado nenhuma associação com anos de El Niño e La Niña. Com relação a correlação linear entre as anomalias médias de TSM e as chuvas de monção de verão [DJF (representadas pelo IMV)], os resultados mostram que ambos oceanos causam variabilidades no padrão de chuvas sobre a região. Foi observado que sobre o oceano Pacífico existem quatro extensas áreas de influencia sobre as chuvas de monção na AS (Niño 4 e Niño 3.4, COC, parte sul central e NE da austrália). Tais áreas de influencia sobre as chuvas de monção podem ser devido ao acoplamento oceano-atmosfera, onde o mesmo induziria a formação e a propagação de ondas de Rossby que influenciam a ZCAS e possivelmente as chuvas na área de monção. Sobre o oceano Pacífico os campos de correlações lineares apresentam um padrão tipo dipolo norte-sul que se mantém por 4 meses (Julho à outubro), e depois dá lugar à uma extensa área com correlação negativa na costa leste do continente sulamericano que se mantém por 2 meses (novembro e dezembro), a associação das chuvas de monção com entre 5 e 20° S pode ser explicada no Oceano Atlântico como uma possível intensificação dos ventos associados as anomalias negativas de TSM, onde os mesmos transportariam umidade para dentro do continente e causaria assim o aumento das chuvas na época do verão. Além disso, temos um possível efeito da convecção e liberação de calor latente da Amazônia que junto a variabilidade na intensidade e posição da Alta da Bolívia podem afetar o transporte de umidade da Amazônia para a área de monção influenciando a intensidade das chuvas de verão na área de monção.Monthly information of outgoing long wave radiation (OLR), sea surface temperature (SST), and rainfall from 22 meteorological stations in eastern South America were used to identify the rainfall characteristics of the South American Monsoon systems (SAMS). The 1961-1999 rainfall climatology for the area allowed the identification of two seasons with marked precipitation regimes: a well defined rainy season in December, January and February, and a dry season in June, July and August. The period where the summer monsoon in South America is more intense was identified from September- February, and this can hold up to 80% of the annual total rainfall. The onset of the rainy season as estimated from outgoing long wave radiation pentad climatology 1974-1996 showed that on the northeastern part of the monsoon area, rainy seasons are shorter as compared to the rest of the region. The dates of the onset of the rainy season during the whole period 1974-1996 show large interannual variability, that does not seem to be related to El Niño or La Niña. The correlation analysis between sea surface temperature anomalies and rainfall in the monsoon area, represented by the Summer Monsoon Rainfall Index (IMV), show that both Atlantic and Pacific affect the variability of rainfall on the region. In the Pacific, 4 areas that may exert some influence on the IMV were identified: Niño 3.4-Niño 4, Chilean central coast, south central Pacific and the western Pacific of Northeast of Australia. This influence can be related to an atmospheric-oceanic coupling, that favours the propagation of Rossby waves that affect the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and possibly the monsoon rainfall variability. In the Pacific Ocean, correlation fields exhibit a North-South dipole type pattern that lasts at least 4 months (July- October), followed by a region of negative correlations between November and December. On the Atlantic, the band of negative SST-rainfall correlations between 5° and 20°S can be explained through the intensification of the winds related to these SST anomalies, which entails a stronger moisture transport into the continent and thus an increment of rains on this area. In addition, an effect of convection and latent heat release in Amazonia combined with modifications in the intensity-location of the Bolivian high can also affect moisture transport from this region to the monsoon area, thus affecting the intensity of the summer rains on the monsoon area.
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Antti, Silvasti y David Svanström. "En studie i TSFS 2014:96, Föreskrifter och allmänna råd om tekniska krav för fartyg i inlandssjöfart". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103587.
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Inom Europa har länge bedrivits en framgångsrik och attraktiv inlandssjöfart som ett led inom transportkedjan där gods framför allt har flyttats över från vägnätet till sjöfarten. Då sjöfarten som transportsätt är ett mycket miljövänligt alternativ finns det utöver miljövinster även samhällsekonomiska vinster att göra. Då den tunga trafiken på vägnätet avlastas minskas därmed risken för trafikolyckor. Vid transport av farligt gods minskar samtidigt risken för utsläpp av farliga ämnen i naturen. I Sverige har inlandssjöfarten inte haft samma genomslagskraft som i övriga länder med kanalsystem, trots att det finns ett stort behov av att avlasta det redan överbelastade vägnätet och ett uttalat mål från regeringen om att flytta över gods till sjöfarten. Genom att jämföra regelverken som finns för inlandssjöfarten inom Europa med de svenska reglerna är målet att ta reda på varför inlandssjöfarten inte har samma genomslagskraft i Sverige som i övriga Europa. Utöver reglerna som arbetet berör så analyseras även kostnaderna för inlandssjöfarten i Sverige kontra Europa och ytligt nämna andra faktorer som gör den mindre slagkraftigt. En av slutsatserna som framkom ur detta arbete är att Sveriges tolkning och tillägg till det Europeiska regelverket inte är den största anledningen till att det inte finns någon ekonomiskt stabil inlandssjöfart i Sverige utan endast en av faktorerna.Europe has a great history of successful and attractive shipping on the inland waterways as a part of the transport infrastructure, where a great amount of cargo has been transferred from the roads to the inland waterways. Shipping as a type of transportation is a very environmentally friendly alternative besides advantages for the society. As shipping decreases the heavy traffic on the public roads, the risk for traffic accidents and the risks in transporting dangerous cargo will be lower.In Sweden the shipping on the inland waterways has not been as successful compared to the european neighbours with inland waterways, and despite this there is a great need for transferring cargo from the roads to the sea and an official goal from the government for doing this. By comparing the swedish regulation regarding the shipping on inland waterways with the european regulations, the aim is to find out why shipping on the inland waterways are not successful in Sweden. Besides the comparative of the regulations this report will also analyse the different costs and other factors making it less attractive. What the authors can conclude in this study is that the swedish adaptation and additions to the european rules is not the only factor why there is no economically functioning traffic of the swedish inland waterways, it is just another brick in the wall.
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Wright, Alan J. "Structural and functional studies of the hyaluronan-binding proteins CD44 and TSG-6". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425917.
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Mahoney, David John. "Mapping the hyaluronan binding site on the link module from human TSG-6". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365798.
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L'Altrella, Claudio. "Stormwater Runoff from Elevated Highways: Prediction of COD from Field Measurements and TSS". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/532.
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This proposed research focused on the prediction and identification of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in storm water runoff from elevated roadways, which transports a significant load of contaminants. The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model to relate COD concentration to different measurable parameters which are easily available and routinely measurable for elevated roadways. The test site for this research was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate-610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana. Subsequently a research test site was developed and highway storm water runoff was collected. The developed model enables the user to predict COD concentrations within a prediction interval of 95 % confidence. The reliability of the model was verified by carrying out significant-difference tests for both sets of data, observed and predicted, for a 5% of significance level.
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Blundell, Charles D. "Structural studies of the interaction between hyaluronan and the Link module of TSG-6". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275362.
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Cordell, Martin Robert. "Investigation into the role of TSG-6 in cartilage formation/breakdown during inflammatory disease". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437367.
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Tongsoongnoen, Wannarat. "Identification of residues in human TSG-6 involved in catalysis of HA.HC complex formation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497460.
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Albtoush, Nansy. "Inhibiting the Function of TSG-6 in Inflammatory Models as a Possible Therapeutic Intervention". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1544060182841309.
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Elling, Eva. "Effects of MIFID II on Stock Trade Volumes of Nasdaq Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257510.
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Introducing new financial legislation to financial markets require caution to achieve the intended outcome. This thesis aims to investigate whether or not the newly installed revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive- the MIFID II regulation - temporally influenced the trading stock volume levels of Nasdaq Stockholm during its introduction to the Swedish stock market. A first approach of a generalized Negative Binomial model is carried out on aggregated data, followed by an individual Fixed Effects model in an attempt to eliminate omitted variable bias caused by missing unobserved variables for the individual stocks. The aggregated data is attained by taking the equally weighted average of the trading volume and adjusting for seasonality through Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess in combination with a regression model with ARIMA errors to mitigate calendar effects. Due to robustness of the aggregated data, the Negative Binomial model manage to capture significant effects of the regulation on the Small Cap. segment, even though clusters of the data show signs of divergent reactions to MIFID II. Since the Fixed Effects model operate on non-aggregated TSCS data and because of the varying effects on each stock the Fixed Effect model fails in its attempt to do the same.Implementation av nya finansiella regelverk på finansmarknaden kräver aktsamhet för att uppnå de tilltänka målen. Det här arbetet undersöker huruvida MIFID II regleringen orsakade en temporär medelvärdesskiftning av de handlade aktievolymerna på Nasdaq Stockholm under regelverkets introduktion på den svenska marknaden. Först testas en generaliserad Negative Binomial regression applicerat på aggregerad data, därefter en individuell Fixed Effects modell för att försöka eliminera fel på grund av saknade, okända variabler. Det aggrigerade datasettet erhålls genom att ta genomsnittet av handelsvolymerna och justera dessa för sässongsmässiga mönster med metoden STL i kombination med regression med ARIMA residualer för att även ta hänsyn till kalender relaterade effekter. Eftersom den aggrigerade datan är robust lyckas the Negative Binomial regressionen fånga signifikanta effekter av regleringen för Small Cap. segmentet trots att datat uppvisar tecken på att subgrupper inom segmentet reagerat väldigt olika på den nya regleringen. Eftersom Fixed Effects modellen är applicerad på icke-aggrigerad TSCS data och pågrund av den varierande effekten på de individuella aktierna lyckas inte denna modell med detta.
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Hill, Donna F. "Wraparound Services in Philadelphia Schools: An Analysis of Wraparound Agencies' Monitoring Practices of Therapeutic Staff Support Treatment Integrity". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/28750.
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Urban EducationPh.D.
Therapeutic Staff Support, commonly known as TSS, provide one-on-one direct care (in home, school, and community settings) to children diagnosed with a severe emotional or behavioral disorder. In this dissertation I explore wraparound agencies practices of monitoring Therapeutic Staff Support treatment integrity. Using a qualitative design, 26 participants from three wraparound agencies were selected for this study. Data collection included interviews and documents (treatment plans, progress notes, and psychologist recommendations). Two primary research questions guided my inquiry into wraparound agencies monitoring practices of TSS: How do wraparound agencies monitor TSS treatment delivery? Does monitoring incorporate strategies for targeting TSS misutilization? Two secondary questions were: What are some potential threats to TSS treatment integrity? How do TSS address threats that directly affect students in schools? Findings suggest wraparound agencies use myriad methods to monitor TSS treatment adherence and accountability mechanisms adequately address TSS job performance. Similarly, I find agencies shape treatment document designs (plans and progress notes) to facilitate their use. Findings also point to five categories of issues which serve as potential threats to effective TSS treatment administration. I also find TSS misutilization was not a factor although there was no method of monitoring it. TSS did, however, find themselves performing multifaceted roles (often in response to threats directly affecting their students) which extended beyond their required roles of treatment agent and data collector; eight roles emerged. Ultimately, findings suggest documentation review and BSC observations are the most common approaches to monitoring TSS treatment integrity. Themes for threats (consistent with those found in other treatment literature) and themes used for TSS typology can be explored in future studies.
Temple University--Theses
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Paula, Makele Rosa de. "RELAÇÕES ENTRE VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS E REFLECTÂNCIA DO RESERVATÓRIO PASSO REAL RS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9453.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorDespite the economic and social relevance of the reservoirs, its construction changes the water quality. In this sense, remote sensing has contributed to monitor the water quality providing spatial and temporal analysis information. The objective was to analyze the relation between limnological variables and spectral data of the Passo Real reservoir RS, Brazil, combining in situ and RapidEye data. The limnological data were collected at April 17and 18, 2009, concomitant to RapidEye acquisition (April 17, 2009). The following limnological data were determined: water transparency (Secchi disk); temperature; total of suspended solids (TSS); chlorophyll a (Chl a) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). After atmospheric correction, for each filed sampling point was applied a 3x3 window to extract reflectance data. By using descriptive statistic, regression analysis and spatial estimative, the RapidEye reflectance and band ratio data were related to the optically active elements of water. Based on the Chl a concentration, the reservoir presented the following trophic environments: ultraoligotrophic, oligotrophic and mesotrophic. According to the CONAMA nº 357/2005 resolution, in April 2009, the Passo Real reservoir s water meet the type I. The empirical models allowed to estimative the TSS concentration e water transparency (R² = 0.87 e R² = 0.79) using the near infrared and red bands, respectively. Because of the low correlation between Chl a and the spectral data, there was a low consistency between the estimated data and field collected data (interpolated). It was found that is possible to develop empirical models to estimate the TSS concentration and water transparency using RapidEye satellite scene. The bands ratios presented similar results than the obtained from the correlation between the bands and limnological variables. The highest correlation coefficients for the TSS were obtained through the B5/B1 and B5/B2 rations (r = 0.94 e r = 0.93, respectively). The ratio B1/B3 presented the highest correlation with the water transparency (r = 0.94). The results obtained with RapidEye image, highlight the perspective to use satellite data as analysis tool for water quality monitoring.
Apesar da importância econômica e social dos reservatórios, a sua construção provoca alterações na qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto tem contribuído no monitoramento da qualidade da água com informações para análise espacial e temporal. O objetivo foi analisar as relações entre variáveis limnológicas e espectrais no reservatório Passo Real RS, Brasil, utilizando dados coletados in situ e do satélite RapidEye. A coleta de dados limnológicos ocorreram nos dias 17 e 18 de abril de 2009 coincidindo com a passagem do satélite RapidEye (17 de abril de 2009). Os seguintes dados limnológicos foram determinados: transparência da água (disco de Secchi); temperatura; total de sólidos em suspensão (TSS); clorofila a (Chl a) e carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD). Após a correção dos efeitos atmosféricos, para cada ponto amostral de campo foi aplicada uma matriz 3x3 para extração dos dados de reflectância. Com o uso da estatística descritiva, análise de regressão e estimativas espaciais, a reflectância e as razões entre bandas do RapidEye foram relacionados aos elementos opticamente ativos da água. Com base na concentração de Chl a o reservatório apresentou os seguintes ambientes tróficos: ultraoligotrófico, oligotrófico e mesotrófico. A água do reservatório Passo Real no mês de abril de 2009 se enquadram na classe I de acordo com a resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Os modelos empíricos permitiram estimar a concentração de TSS e transparência da água (R² = 0,87 e R² = 0,79) usando as bandas do infravermelho próximo e vermelho, respectivamente. Devido aos baixos valores de correlação da Chl a com os dados espectrais, houve baixa consistência dos dados estimados pela imagem e dados coletados a campo (interpolados). Verificou-se que é possível desenvolver um modelo empírico para estimar a concentração de TSS e transparência da água a partir de imagem de satélite RapidEye. Os resultados das razões de bandas foram semelhantes aos obtidos a partir da correlação entre os valores espectrais e as variáveis limnológicas. Os melhores coeficientes de correlação para o TSS, foram encontrados para as razões de bandas B5/B1 e B5/B2, r = 0,94 e r = 0,93, respectivamente. A razão B1/B3 resultou na melhor correlação com a transparência da água, r = 0,94. Os resultados obtidos com a imagem RapidEye, abrem a perspectiva para a utilização de imagens orbitais como ferramenta de análise e monitoramento da qualidade da água em reservatórios.
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Parkar, Ashfaq Ahmed. "Functional and structural studies on the hyaluronan binding domains of human CD44 and TSG-6". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360464.
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Aspnäs, Frida. "Eliminating Right-Turn-on-Red (RTOR) at Key Intersections in a City Core". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91323.
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The City of Fredericton is the capital of New Brunswick, located in eastern Canada. Rightturn-on-red (RTOR) is a general practice at any traffic intersection in this maritime province. Many collisions between pedestrians and vehicles have been recorded at signalized intersections in the downtown area of the city. Due to the number of collisions, the City of Fredericton was interested in investigating how a restriction against RTOR could affect vehicular traffic. The purpose and goal of this project was to develop a calibrated traffic model of the downtown area of Fredericton that could be used for simulation studies. Two main changes were investigated: 1) a restriction against RTOR for each of eleven key intersections in the downtown area, and 2) a restriction against left-turns at one selected intersection. The traffic simulation model was also used for analyzing how factors such as pedestrian volumes, lane channelization, and turning proportions affect the changes in traffic conditions due to permitting, or prohibiting, right-turn-on-red. The traffic simulation model was created in the TSIS/CORSIM software. Several different scenarios were generated for analysis. The results of the simulation show that the traffic conditions in the whole downtown area will be affected when introducing a restriction against RTOR. Certain intersections show a relatively high change while others show no significant change at all. Several different factors were seen to affect the number of RTOR that could be performed at an intersection. One main factor was lane channelization. With a shared lane, the proportion of right-turning vehicles at the intersection was found to highly affect how many RTOR can be performed. Pedestrian volumes prove to be a third factor affecting the number of RTOR at an intersection. Overall results demonstrate that there are only a few intersections where it is suitable for the City of Fredericton to implement a restriction against RTOR.
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Garza, Octavio Armando. "Food service establishment wastewater characterization and management practice evaluation". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3220.
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Food service establishments that use onsite wastewater treatment systems are experiencing hydraulic and organic overloading of pretreatment systems and/or drain fields. Design guidelines for these systems are typically provided in State regulations and based on residential hydraulic applications. For the purposes of this research, hydraulic loading indicates the daily flow of water directed to the wastewater system. Organic loading refers to the composition of the wastewater as quantified by five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total fats, oils and greases (FOG), and total suspended solids (TSS).
The first part of this study included an analysis of the central tendencies of analytical data of four wastewater parameters from 28 restaurants representing a broad spectrum of restaurant types. Field sampling consisted of two sets of grab samples collected from each restaurant for six consecutive days at approximately the same time each day. These sets were collected approximately two weeks apart. The numerical data included BOD5, FOG, and TSS. The fourth parameter evaluated was daily flow.
Data exploration and statistical analyses of the numerical data from the 28 restaurants was performed with the standard gamma probability distribution model in ExcelTM and used to determine inferences of the analytical data. The analysis shows higher hydraulic and organic values for restaurant wastewater than residential wastewater.
The second part of the study included a statistical analysis of restaurant management practices and primary cuisine types and their influence on BOD5, FOG, TSS, and daily flow to determine if management practices and/or cuisine types may be influencing wastewater composition and flow. A self-reporting survey was utilized to collect management practice and cuisine type information.
Survey response information and analytical data were entered into an ExcelTM spreadsheet and subsequently incorporated into SASTM statistical software for statistical analysis. Analysis indicated that the number of seats in a restaurant, use of self-serve salad bars, and primary cuisine types are statistically significant indicators of wastewater characteristics.
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Murphy, Louise Una. "Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Deposition of Atmospheric Pollutants in Runoff from Different Pavement Types". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10467.
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Urban development leads to increased impermeable landscapes that interrupt the hydrological cycle by creating an impermeable barrier to the natural infiltration of precipitation. Precipitate, unable to infiltrate, flows over impermeable surfaces as sheet runoff, carrying the pollutants from the land with it; thus comprising the quality of the stormwater. The runoff is redirected (frequently untreated) to nearby waterways altering their water quality and quantity, thereby, adversely affecting receiving aquatic ecosystems. Suspended solids and elevated heavy metal concentrations in stormwater are the leading causes of water quality degradation in urban waterways in New Zealand. It is widely reported that vehicles and metal roofs are a major direct source of the key pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS) and heavy metals) in stormwater runoff; however, the contribution of atmospheric deposition, as an indirect source, in stormwater runoff is rarely considered. This is principally due to the many uncertainties and challenges with measuring and managing these pollutants in stormwater runoff. Therefore, a monitoring programme into the dynamics controlling atmospherically derived pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban surfaces was conducted. In particular, this research focused on the spatial and temporal variability of Cu, Zn, Pb, and TSS deposition in different land-use areas; the influence of pavement type on atmospherically-deposited pollutant loads in stormwater; and the contribution of wet deposition and dry deposition to the total deposition loads.
Impermeable concrete boards (≈ 1 m2) were deployed for 11 months in different land-use areas (industrial, residential and airside) in Christchurch, New Zealand, to capture spatially distributed atmospheric deposition loads in runoff over varying meteorological conditions. Mixed-effect regression models were developed to explain the influence of different meteorological characteristics on pollutant build-up and wash-off dynamics. Next, impermeable asphalt, permeable asphalt, impermeable concrete, and permeable concrete boards were deployed for two months in a residential land-use area to determine the influence of pavement composition and roughness on pollutant loads in stormwater. Finally, wet deposition samples were analysed in an industrial land-use area for 8 months to monitor the contribution of wet deposition to atmospherically-deposited pollutant loads. All samples were analysed for total and dissolved Cu, Zn, Pb, and TSS.
Pavement type: Results showed that both impermeable and permeable concrete were efficient at retaining Cu and Zn. Bitumen leaching from the impermeable asphalt was a significant source of Zn to runoff. However, bitumen leaching from the permeable asphalt did not contain elevated Zn loads. Infiltrate from the permeable asphalt provided little/no removal of Cu and Zn. Impermeable asphalt provided greater retention of TSS and Pb over impermeable concrete because its rougher surface entrapped more particulates. TSS and Pb loads were the lowest from the permeable pavements due to the pavers filtering out particulates.
Spatial variability: Results showed that all three land-use areas exhibited similar patterns of varying metal and TSS loads, indicating that atmospherically-deposited metals and TSS had a homogenous distribution within the Christchurch airshed. This suggested that the pollutants originated from a similar source and that the surrounding land-use was not an important factor in determining atmospheric pollutant loads to stormwater runoff. Although, higher pollutant loads were found for the industrial area, this was attributed to local topographic conditions rather than land-use activity.
Temporal variability: Results illustrated the importance of antecedent dry days on pollutant build-up. Peak rainfall intensity and rain duration had a significant relationship with TSS and Pb wash-off; rain depth had a significant relationship with Cu and Zn wash-off. This suggested that the pollutant speciation phase plays an important role in surface wash-off. Rain intensity and duration influenced particulate pollutants, whereas, rain depth influenced dissolved pollutants. Additionally, mixed-effect models could predict approximately 53-69% of the variation in airborne pollutant loads in runoff.
Deposition pathways: Wet deposition was an important contributor of dissolved Zn to stormwater runoff. However, dry deposition was the greatest source of total Cu, Zn, and Pb loads in stormwater runoff. This is principally due to the low annual rainfall in Christchurch limiting pollutant removal via wet deposition unlike dry deposition, which is continually occurring.
Understanding the dynamics of airborne pollutant deposition and their contribution to stormwater pollution could help stormwater managers in strategic decision-making processes such as choice of location and installation of different treatment systems.
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Jiang, Tengfei, Laura Spinella, Jay Im, Rui Huang y Paul S. Ho. "Processing Effect on Via Extrusion for Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) in 3D Interconnects: A Comparative Study of Two TSV Structures". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-207262.
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In this paper, processing effects of electroplating and post- plating annealing on via extrusion are investigated. The study is based on two TSV structures with identical geometry but different processing conditions. Via extrusion, stress and material behaviors of the TSV structures were first compared. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) were used to characterize the microstructure of TSVs and the additives incorporated during electroplating. Based on the results, processing effects on via extrusion and its mechanism are discussed, including grain growth, local plasticity, and diffusional creep.
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Penttinen, Daniel. "Lärarerfarenhet och dess påverkan på self-efficacy : en kvantitativ studie om erfarenhet, self-efficacy och personlighet bland gymnasielärare". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70479.
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Den här studien undersökte relationen mellan erfarenhet inom läraryrket och generell selfefficacy samt lärarself-efficacy. Därefter undersöktes även personlighetsegenskaper för att förstå hur self-efficacy fungerar mellan olika personer. Detta blev möjligt genom att utföra en enkätundersökning som skickades ut till lärare i gymnasieskolan (N = 94), vilket involverade General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) och Big Five Inventory (BFI). Tidigare studier har visat blandade resultat, där lärarerfarenhet har korrelerat med generell- och lärarself-efficacy, men även studier som inte visar någon korrelation alls. Resultaten till denna studie visade signifikanta korrelationer mellan lärarself-efficacy och erfarenhet, liksom lärarself-efficacy och generell self-efficacy. Dessutom visades signifikanta korrelationer mellan alla personlighetsegenskaper och båda self-efficacies. Denna studies viktigaste slutsatser var det stigande förhållandet mellan lärarself-efficacy och erfarenhet, där längre erfarenhet resulterar i högre grad av lärarself-efficacy.
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Mousavi, Bamdad. "Scalable Stream Processing and Management for Time Series Data". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42295.
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There has been an enormous growth in the generation of time series data in the past decade. This trend is caused by widespread adoption of IoT technologies, the data generated by monitoring of cloud computing resources, and cyber physical systems. Although time series data have been a topic of discussion in the domain of data management for several decades, this recent growth has brought the topic to the forefront. Many of the time series management systems available today lack the necessary features to successfully manage and process the sheer amount of time series being generated today. In this today we stive to examine the field and study the prior work in time series management. We then propose a large system capable of handling time series management end to end, from generation to consumption by the end user. Our system is composed of open-source data processing frameworks. Our system has the capability to collect time series data, perform stream processing over it, store it for immediate and future processing and create necessary visualizations. We present the implementation of the system and perform experimentations to show its scalability to handle growing pipelines of incoming data from various sources.
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Wachholz, Flávio. "COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO AQUÁTICA DO RESERVATÓRIO RODOLFO COSTA E SILVA-RS, A PARTIR DE VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS E IMAGENS ORBITAIS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9273.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA reservoir presents different environmental traits as a function of the flooded area, water circulation pattern, residence time and nutrients entrance. This situation define the aquatic compartments. The objective was use limnological parameter dynamic and spectral data to identify aquatic compartments in the Rodolfo Costa e Silva reservoir, located on central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, on southern region of Brazil. The methodology was based on the measure of water transparence with Secchi disc, Total of Suspended Solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a, b and c. These data were monthly collected in 21 sampling points, distributed over the reservoir during hydrologic year (Oct. 2005 to Sept. 2006). However, chlorophyll samples were collected only two times in autumn season. Satellites images from China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 2 (CBERS 2 CCD) and Landsat 5 (TM) were used to make a comparison with limnological and field spectral data. The spatial distribution of limnological parameters was done after data interpolation (weighted average) and its analyses allowed the discrimination of aquatic compartments. During the hydrologic year the transparence changed between 100 and 315 cm and could be divided in two periods: a period with low transparences, from August to November (marked by land tillage for summer crop) and; period with high transparence, from December to June. Based on this variable, the reservoir presented three compartments: a) upstream, with lower transparence; b) downstream, with higher transparence; c) central region, even with high transparence. The TSS ranged from 0.17 to 14.16 mg/L in the hydrologic year. Its behavior was inversely to the water transparence but presented the same three compartments than transparence. The chlorophyll concentration varied from 0.63 to 24.19 μg/L and defined two compartments: upstream and downstream. A larger input of nutrients in upstream let the development of phytoplankton (chlorophylls). Results from CCD and TM images were better when TSS concentration was greater and transparence smaller, associated to the highest data variance. Concentrations of TSS up to 4 mg/L periods with low transparence allowed identify aquatic compartments with blue band (centered on 450 nm) and the red band (centered on 661 nm). The chlorophylls a and c showed absorption bands on the field spectrum of reflectance, making possible establish correlations with limnological parameters (TSS and transparence). Finally, the aquatic compartments that were found out are specially related to the entrance of organic and inorganic matter from terrestrial environment. TSS and chlorophyll decreases into downstream.
Normalmente, um reservatório apresenta diferentes características ambientais em função das áreas alagadas, dos diferentes padrões de circulação, do tempo de residência e entrada de nutrientes, que definem diferentes compartimentos aquáticos. A caracterização limnológica e espectral, com a identificação da dinâmica dos compartimentos aquáticos, foram realizadas no reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva RS (Brasil). A metodologia baseou-se na coleta de dados de transparência da água medida pelo disco de Secchi, Totais de Sólidos em Suspensão (TSS) e clorofila a, b e c em 21 pontos amostrais, distribuídos em todo o reservatório e obtidos mensalmente para compor um ano hidrológico (Out. 2005 a Set. 2006); com exceção da clorofila, que foi medida em duas datas durante o outono. Imagens dos satélites CBERS 2 CCD e Landsat 5 TM foram utilizadas para relacionar com os dados limnológicos de campo. A distribuição espacial desses dados limnológicos foi identificada por interpolação por média ponderada, para posterior discriminação dos compartimentos aquáticos. A transparência da água apresentou uma variação no ano hidrológico de 100 a 315 cm e pode ser dividida em dois períodos: das baixas transparências, compreendendo o período de agosto a novembro (período de preparo de solo para a safra agrícola de verão); e de altas transparências, compreendendo o período de dezembro a junho. Essa variável forma três compartimentos: a) o de montante, com menor transparência; b) o de jusante, com maior transparência; c) junto ao dique, de elevada transparência. O TSS apresentou uma amplitude de 0,17 a 14,16 mg/L no ano hidrológico, com comportamento inversamente proporcional ao da transparência definindo compartimentos aquáticos semelhantes. As clorofilas com variação de 0,53 a 24,19 μg/L apresentaram os dois compartimentos aquáticos: o de montante e o de jusante. O maior aporte de nutrientes, à montante do reservatório, proporcionaram o desenvolvimento do fitoplâncton (clorofilas). Os resultados obtidos com imagens CCD e TM foram melhores, quando as concentrações de TSS foram maiores e as transparências foram menores, acompanhados de maior variância. As baixas transparências e as concentrações de TSS maiores que 4 mg/L permitiram identificar compartimentos aquáticos nas bandas azul (450 nm) e vermelha (661 nm). As clorofilas a e c apresentaram bandas de absorção nos espectros de reflectância, permitindo estabelecer correlações. Por fim, os compartimentos aquáticos encontrados estão relacionados, principalmente, ao fornecimento de matéria orgânica e inorgânica oriundas do ambiente terrestre para o sistema aquático, verificado no setor montante, e sua concentração diminui no sentido jusante do reservatório.
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Batxelli, Isabelle. "Recherche d'un profil protéique corrélé aux encéphalopathies spongiformes subaigües transmissibles (ESST) : analyses en spectrométrie de masse SELDI-TOF". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20127.
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Les encéphalopathies spongiformes subaigües transmissibles (ESST) sont des maladies neurodégénératives affectant l'Homme et les animaux, l'issue est toujours fatale. La détection dans le sang de l'agent pathogène responsable de l'infection (protéine prion pathologique)reste difficile à ce jour et l'identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs impliqués dans la physiopathologie des ESST constitue un projet ambitieux et risqué. Dans ce contexte, notre objectif est d'établir un profil protéique corrélé aux ESST. L'utilisation d'un modèle animalbien caractérisé : la tremblante naturelle du mouton, d'une technologie adaptée à l'analyse de profils protéiques : SELDI-TOF MS et d'un fluide biologique : le sérum, a constitué la base de nos travaux de recherche. Dans un premier temps, les protocoles expérimentaux ont été mis en place et optimisés. Puis, ils ont été évalués pour leur pertinence dans la discrimination de moutons pathologiques en phases précoce et tardive de la maladie versus des moutons contrôles par analyse des sérums fractionnés ou non. Des biomarqueurs potentiels de faibles poids moléculaires ont été sélectionnés à l'aide de la méthode statistique SAM et une signature protéique permettant un diagnostic précoce a été établie (87% de sensibilité et 90%de spécificité). Un des biomarqueurs a été identifié comme étant un fragment de la transthyrétine, puis son potentiel discriminant a été évalué en SELDI-TOF MS dans une étude cinétique de hamsters Syriens infectés par la scrapie, en western blot et par dosage ELISA.Finalement, une cohorte de validation constituée de moutons appelés « scrapie-free » a permis de valider les biomarqueurs les plus pertinentsTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseasesoccurring in animals and humans for which no ante-mortem diagnostic test in biological fluidsis available. In such pathologies, detection of the pathological form of the prion protein (i.e.,the causative factor) in blood is difficult. Identification of new biomarkers implicated in thepathway of prion infection is relevant. In this context, our objective was to find a proteicprofile correlated to TSEs. We used a well-known TSE model: scrapie in sheep breeding, amass spectrometry technology easy-to-use for proteic profiling: SELDI-TOF MS and abiological fluid: serum. First, experimental tools have been developed and optimized. Thesetools were evaluated for their discriminating potential of control sheep and animals with earlyor late phase scrapie using a large number of serum samples (fractionated or not). Then, usingthe SAM statistical method, potential low molecular weight biomarkers were selected. Amongthese biomarkers, a protein signature pattern was identified; it can discriminate between earlyphase scrapie and control sera (sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 90%). One of theseproteins was identified as a fragment of transthyretin and evaluated as a biomarker using aSELDI-TOF MS kinetic study of sera from scrapie infected Syrian hamsters. This biomarkerwas also confirmed by western blot analysis and ELISA quantitation. Finally, a cohort of freescrapiesheep permits to validate the diagnostic potential of the candidate biomarkers
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Leal, Juliano de Souza. "Biopsia da mucosa retal e terceira pálpebra de ovinos e otimizaçao do protocolo de imuno-histoquímica para diagnóstico de PrPsc em ruminantes". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16326.
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As encefalopatias espongiformes transmissíveis (EETs), também conhecidas como doenças do príon, ocorrem tanto nos animais como no homem, são responsáveis por doenças transmissíveis e hereditárias e provocam lesões degenerativas no cérebro. A presença de uma forma anormal da proteína (PrPsc) no tecido encefálico e linforreticular é característica peculiar das EETs. Essa proteína é altamente insolúvel e resistente à degradação por proteases e se deposita eventualmente sob forma de placas amilóides na substância cinzenta. Tais placas provocam a morte maciça de neurônios e células gliais, causando vacuolização intensa no tecido afetado. Este trabalho consistiu na otimização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para proteína priônica no tecido nervoso e no tecido linforreticular, como método diagnóstico de EETs em bovinos, ovinos e caprinos. Além disso, verificou-se a eficiência da utilização de folículos linfóides coletados por biopsia de terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal para o diagnóstico de scrapie em ovinos e caprinos. Além disso, verificou-se a eficiência da utilização de folículos linfóides coletados por biopsia de terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal para o diagnóstico de scrapie em ovinos e caprinos. Entre janeiro de 2005 e janeiro de 2008 foram realizados exames de imuno-histoquímica e coloração por hematoxilina-eosina em amostras de tecidos de 5571 ruminantes (4829 bovinos, 1 bubalino, 708 ovinos e 33 caprinos) obtidas em necropsias, biopsias e materiais enviados para diagnóstico em formalina 10% ou em blocos de parafina. Os anticorpos monoclonais anti-príon F89/160.1.5 e F99/97.6.1 foram utilizados na técnica de imuno-histoquímica. Todas as amostras de bovinos e a do bubalino analisadas foram negativas para PrPSc. Entre os 741 ovinos e caprinos pesquisados, foram diagnosticados 81 animais positivos, 16 suspeitos e, em 100 animais, o material foi insuficiente para o diagnóstico. Foram realizadas cinco repetições da imuno-histoquímica para cada amostra positiva para PrPSc. O diagnóstico por imuno-histoquímica no tecido linforreticular foi considerado positivo quando o material apresentava um número de no mínimo quatro folículos linfóides, com centros germinativos. Este trabalho inclui o primeiro diagnóstico positivo de scrapie na espécie caprina no Brasil, com marcação imuno-histoquímica nas tonsilas, terceira pálpebra e linfonodo. A marcação pela imuno-histoquímica em quatro ovinos da raça Santa Inês, todos com diagnóstico positivo nas tonsilas e linfonodos e um deles também com depósito de PrPSc na terceira pálpebra, surge como primeiro diagnóstico da doença nessa raça no Brasil. Os resultados considerados suspeitos ou insuficientes observados nas amostras de biopsias ou enviadas por terceiros indicam que há ajustes a serem estudados, especialmente quanto à coleta das amostras. O envio de material de vários órgãos linfóides possibilitaria a confirmação da presença ou não do agente em pelo menos dois deles, diminuindo o número de casos considerados suspeitos e o risco de falsos positivos. O envio de amostras de biopsia de tonsila, terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal, conjuntamente, reduziria o número de casos suspeitos e eliminaria grande parte, senão a totalidade dos casos com material insuficiente para diagnóstico.Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, occur in animals and humans and are responsible for transmissible and inherited disorders that cause fatal degenerations of the brain. A peculiar characteristic of TSEs is the conversion of a host-encoded glycoprotein termed prion protein (PrP), from a normal cellular form, PrPC, to an abnormally folded isoform, PrPSc, present in the nervous and lymphoreticular tissues. The prion protein PrPSc is highly insoluble and resistant to the proteases degradation, eventually leading its accumulation, forming amyloid protein plates deposition in the brain gray substance. These plates cause massive death of neurons and glial cells, producing intense vacuolation in the affected tissue. In this work, the immunohistochemical procedures were optimizated for prion protein in nervous and lymphoreticular tissues to provide diagnosis of TSEs in bovine, sheep and goat, and also to verify the efficiency of lymphoid follicles from third eyelid and rectal mucosa biopsies for the scrapie diagnosis in sheep and goats. Between January, 2005 and January, 2008 immunohistochemistry examinations and hematoxylin-eosin staining were accomplished in tissue samples from 5571 ruminants (4829 bovines, 1 water buffalo, 708 sheep and 33 goats), obtained from necropsies and biopsies, and samples of 10% formalin-fixed or paraffin embedded tissues submitted by other laboratories. The monoclonal antibodies anti-PrP F89/160.1.5 and F99/97.6.1 were used in the immunohistochemical procedures. All the samples from cattle and the water buffalo analyzed were negative to PrPSc. Among the 741 sheep and goats, there were 81 positive and 16 suspect samples, and 100 of them were insufficient to test. Five immunohistochemical repetitions were performed for each positive PrPSc sample. The immunohistochemistry diagnosis in the lymphoreticular tissues was considered positive when the material presented at least four lymphoid follicles with germinal centers. This work includes the first positive case in goats in Brazil (through immunohistochemical labelling in tonsils, third eyelid and lymph node) and the first four cases in Santa Inês sheep, by the same technique. The results considered as suspect or of insufficient sample indicate that some aspects associated with sample collection need further adjustment. The submission of samples from several lymphoid organs would probably make possible the confirmation or not of the agent presence in at least two of them, reducing the number of suspect and false positive cases. Simultaneous submission of biopsy samples from tonsil, third eyelid and rectal mucosa together could reduce the number of suspicious cases, besides of eliminating great part or even the totally of the insufficient samples.
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Bahouka, Armel. "Comparaison des propriétés optiques de beta-BBO obtenu par croissance TSSG et par tirage Czochralski en vue d'optimiser la génération de rayonnement UV". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509719.
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Les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse avaient pour but de comparer les monocristaux de BBO issus des croissances TSSG et Cz du point de vue de leur qualité cristalline et de leurs performances optiques en matière d'absorption et de génération de second harmonique. Nous avons effectué des analyses sur la qualité cristalline de nos échantillons et les conclusions que nous pouvons en tirer concernent la composition chimique des cristaux et les défauts présents dans le volume et à la surface de ceux-ci. Les analyses en fluorescence X effectuées sur de nombreux cristaux aussi bien Cz que TSSG et sur les poudres de synthèse nous permettent de conclure que : – Pour les cristaux TSSG, l'essentiel des impuretés provient de la solution de Na2O. – Pour les cristaux Cz, la teneur en impuretés est essentiellement liée à la pureté des poudres de synthèse. Les impuretés retrouvées dans les échantillons Cz testés sont les mêmes que celles présentes dans les échantillons TSSG. Cependant, la concentration de certaines d'entre elles comme Fe, Cr, Si et Al est inférieure dans les échantillons Cz. La présence de sodium en des proportions équivalentes dans les cristaux provenant des deux types de croissance indique que dans le cas du BBO, la technique Cz atteint la limite de purification. Pour optimiser le gain de pureté apporté par la technique Cz, il faut donc utiliser les poudres de départ les plus pures possibles. Nous avons mis en évidence par des processus d'observation au microscope optique en lumière polarisée, au microscope électronique à balayage et au microscope à force atomique mais aussi par des procédés d'attaque chimique et de spectroscopie RX, la présence dans les cristaux issus des deux techniques de croissance, des défauts tels que : – des mâcles – des amas de matière à la surface des cristaux – des dislocations – des contraintes La densité de dislocation a été évaluée et montre que les cristaux TSSG sont plus disloqués que les échantillons Cz étudiés. Ceci peut trouver son explication dans : – les conditions thermiques de croissance. En effet, la dynamique de chaleur dans les cristaux TSSG et la faible vitesse de rotation du bain favorisent des cristallisations en forme de lentilles qui induisent plus de dislocations. – les concentrations en impuretés plus élevées dans les cristaux TSSG que dans les cristaux Cz Nous avons montré par spectroscopie Raman que les raies à 147, 371 et 471 cm−1 ont des comportement bien distincts selon le type de croissance. Ces raies sont liées aux liaisons B-O-B nombreuses dans BBO et jouent un rˆole dans les susceptibilités non linéaires du cristal. Cette simple technique non destructive doit permettre de distinguer la provenance des cristaux BBO. Un travail conséquent sur le polissage des cristaux de BBO nous a permis d'atteindre une qualité de surface optique, de planéité et de rugosité comparable à celle des meilleurs cristaux commerciaux. Ainsi nous avons pu effectuer des mesures optiques comparatives dans les domaines linéaire et non linéaire. Nous avons réalisé un comparatif sur 9 échantillons de diverses provenance en enregistrant les spectres d'absorption sur un même spectromètre entre 180 et 3300 nm. Ainsi nous avons pu établir : – l'anisotropie de l'absorption linéaire de BBO. – une corrélation entre la densité dislocation et la valeur du coefficient d'absorption. – une corrélation entre le taux d'impuretés et le front d'absorption. Les mesures que nous avons effectuées en open et closed Z-Scan sur des cristaux BBO-TSSG et BBO-Cz nous ont permis de calculer le coefficient d'absorption non linéaire (α2) et l'indice de réfraction non linéaire (n2) de BBO à 1064 nm pour les deux types de cristaux. Les droites donnant _ et n2 en fonction de la densité de puissance présentent des pentes non nulles révélatrices d'une perturbation d'ordre supérieure. Ce phénomène est d'amplitude similaire selon la croissance et selon la direction de propagation. Les analyses menées pour la conversion de fréquence de 1064 nm vers 532 nm tant en mode continu qu'en mode impulsionnel, confirment que les coefficients effectifs des cristaux BBO-Cz et BBO-TSSG réagissent de manière semblable. Par contre, une augmentation non négligeable et reproductible du coefficient effectif non linéaire dans les cristaux Cz pour la conversion 532 nm vers 266 nm a pu être mise en évidence par rapport à celui dans les cristaux TSSG. Ce résultat est en accord avec les mesures d'absorption dans les cristaux Cz. Les tests de tenue au flux réalisés sur les cristaux Cz indiquent qu'aucun phénomène de saturation ou de dégradation des cristaux n'est visible compte tenu des densités de puissances maximales dont nous disposons. Mais, ces densités sont inférieures à celles mentionnées dans la littérature pour l'apparition de phénomènes d'endommagement et des mesures complémentaires avec une source plus puissante seraient donc nécessaires à l'étude de ces phénomènes d'endommagement optique. Pour des applications de conversions de fréquences 10647532 nm ou 5327266 nm, la méthode de croissance influe peu sur les propriétés générales. Seules des mesures extrêmes à très haut flux ou à de courtes longueurs d'onde seraient affectées par l'origine du cristal. Il faut cependant noter que la vitesse de croissance des cristaux Cz, 20 fois supérieure à celle des cristaux TSSG fait de cette méthode une technique de choix pour l'industrie. Les perspectives qu'offre ce travail à l'étude et à l'utilisation du BBO sont les suivantes : – l'étude des différences entre les cristaux issus des croissances Cz et TSSG pour λ < 266 nm afin d'évaluer les facteurs d'endommagement optique reliés à l'autofocalisation et aux impuretés dans des cas de densités de puissances plus élevées. – le développement d'un modèle permettant d'expliquer l'absorption non linéaire dans BBO.
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Tupmongkol, Thana. "An empirical study of the factors of the activity-based costing (ABC) implementation in Thailand : four case studies in Thai state enterprises (TSEs)". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/811/.
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During the past two decades the activity-based costing (ABC) system has received a great deal of attention as a cost management innovation that may provide more accurate product costs than conventional cost allocation methods (Johnson 1987, Kaplan 1988, Cooper 1988a). Moreover, Favere-Marchesi (2001) stated that the ABC system is one of many such tools that have the potential to help Thai companies regain their competitive edge in an ever- growing world of contenders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation process of ABC systems in Thai organisations, particularly Thai State Enterprises (TSEs), in order to identify the factors influencing this implementation so as to make suggestions for its improvement. As part of this a theoretical framework for ABC implementation in Thai State Enterprises is developed. This study has two objectives: the first is to obtain a picture of cost accounting systems, both traditional costing systems and ABC systems in Thai organisations, as the preliminary of this study. The second objective is to trace the ABC implementation in selected Thai State Enterprises where ABC systems have been implemented. This will examine the development of the ABC implementation in four Thai State Enterprises, namely, Thai Plywood Company Limited (TPC), Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and TOT Corporation (Public) Company Limited (TOT). The results from this study, after in-depth investigation, reveal a large number of sub-factors influencing implementations; however, these sub-factors were compiled as nine main factors including, (1) Top management support, (2) Computer systems, (3) Education and training, (4) ABC team, (5) Objectives of ABC implementation, (6) ABC implementation process, (7) Benefits of ABC implementation, (8) Problems with ABC implementation, and (9) Level of progress of ABC implementation. Finally, this study develops a theoretical framework for ABC implementation and is the first to empirically apply an implementation stage model to Thai State Enterprises.
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Bahouka, Armel. "Comparaison des propriétés optiques de [bêta]-BBO obtenu par croissance TSSG et par tirage Czochralski en vue d'optimiser la génération de rayonnements UV". Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Bahouka.Armel.SMZ0601.pdf.
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Bêta-BBO est un cristal non linéaire très utilisé dans la conversion de fréquences vers l'UV. Son mode de fabrication le plus courant est la croissance TSSG (Top Seeded Solution Growth) à partir d'une solution composée de BaB2O4 dans le solvant Na2O. Bien que très répandus les cristaux TSSG contiennent impuretés et inclusions dues essentiellement au solvant et qui limitent leurs performances optiques. La méthode Czochralski (Cz) permet d'éviter l'ajout du solvant. Ainsi, des cristaux plus purs, avec une vitesse de tirage 24 fois supérieure sont obtenus en laboratoire. Cependant cette croissance exige un bain en surfusion hors équilibre thermodynamique et peut générer contraintes et dislocations dont il est intéressant de connaître l'impact sur les performances optiques. Pour qualifier voire distinguer les cristaux Cz et TSSG, des études sur la synthèse, les impuretés, la qualité cristalline du volume et des surfaces ainsi que sur la mise en forma des échantillons ont été menées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Les deux croissances ont des contraintes internes et surfaciques similaires mais les cristaux Cz comportent moins d'impuretés et présentent des densités de dislocation plus faibles. Les mesures des phénomènes d'absorption non linéaire et d'autofocalisation menées d'après la méthode Z-scan conduisent, dans la direction de l'accord de phase IR-visible, à une amélioration de la figure de mérite des échantillons Cz. Le coefficient effectif non linéaire mesuré sur ces cristaux pour la conversion visible-UV indique une meilleure efficacité pour les échantillons Cz qui peut en partie s'expliquer par les résultats d'absorption linéaireBBO is a non linear optical crystal which benefits from two growing methods, the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) and the Czochralski (Cz) growing method. In this PhD thesis, we stidied the impact of each process upon the optical properties of BBO. Crystals grown by the tssg method contain impurities and inclusions essentially due to the Na2O solvent that decrease their optical performances. The Cz grown crystals produced 24 times faster in laboratories should have less impurities since no solvent is used in the Cz technique. Nevertheless, the use of great temperature gradients could induce more dislocations and strains in those crystals which should also decrease the optical performances. In order to evaluate and to distinguish the two growing method and their impact upon the optical properties, numerous investigations on the crystal's crystalline quality and the crystal's chemical composition have been made. The results of these investigations lead to prove that Cz grown crystals and TSSG grown crystals have the same surface and volume strains but, Cz grown crystals have less impurities and less dislocations than the TSSG-grown crystals. The self focalization and non linear absorption figures of merit of Cz grown crystals studied by Z-scan method is better than those of the TSSG grown crystals. The non linear effective coefficient in the second harmonic generation from visible light to UV light is greater for the Cz-grown crystals
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Birchenough, Holly. "Investigation of the tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) interactome : use and development of surface sensitive techniques". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-the-tumour-necrosis-factorstimulated-gene6-tsg6-interactome-use-and-development-of-surface-sensitive-techniques(4866db6a-fd8e-4831-babb-b4d3c11307e3).html.
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Tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a protein expressed in a wide range of cell types and tissues, predominantly in response to inflammatory stimuli. The expression of TSG-6 is believed to be associated with the protection of tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation. In animal models treatment with TSG-6 protein has been found to reduce inflammatory damage in myocardial infarction, corneal injury and arthritis. Endogenous TSG-6 production has been suggested to play a protective role in inflammatory arthritis and has been implicated in bone homeostasis. The expression of TSG-6 is also essential in the process of cumulus matrix formation that occurs around the oocyte in the periovulatory period and is necessary for successful ovulation and fertilisation. In many cases the mechanism underlying a particular TSG-6 function is not fully understood. TSG-6 has numerous binding partners including the serum glycoprotein inter-alpha-inhibitor (IαI), the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, as well as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as hyaluronan and heparan sulphate (HS). The TSG-6 protein is mostly composed of contiguous Link and CUB domains, with the majority of ligand binding sites identified within the Link module. The CUB domain of TSG-6 has been less extensively studied. Here biophysical techniques have been used to investigate the TSG-6 interactome including both the Link module and CUB domain. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy was used to establish the metal-ion binding properties of the CUB domain, which was established to have a high affinity Ca2+-binding site. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a novel metal-ion dependent interaction was found for the CUB domain of TSG-6 and the heavy chains (HCs) of IαI. Investigation using mutants of both the CUB domain of TSG-6 and HC of IαI established that the metal-ion binding sites within each protein are involved in the interaction. SPR analysis was also used to define the affinities and binding sites for TSG-6 interactions with fibronectin and BMP-2. High affinity interactions between TSG-6 ligands were also revealed (e.g. BMP-2 and HC, fibronectin and HC) and their binding sites defined. The discovery of the novel interactions between these TSG-6 ligands suggests crosstalk within the TSG-6 interactome, with the potential for ternary complex formation or indeed hierarchical orders of binding. Thus work was undertaken to develop a passivated lipid bilayer platform for use with surface sensitive techniques. This platform was used to investigate the hierarchy of protein and GAG interactions using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and dual polarisation interferometry (DPI). The investigation revealed a novel role for the Link module of TSG-6 in heparin condensation, potentially via protein dimerisation and/or oligomerisation which could affect heparin/HS functions within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus the biophysical analysis of TSG-6 presented here has identified novel interactions and functions of TSG-6 which may provide mechanisms for the protective functioning of TSG-6 in inflammation and its ECM structuring role in ovulation.
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Pham, Khanh Huy y Pham Hong Lien Nguyen. "Study on treatment of domestic wastewater of an area in Tu Liem district, Hanoi, by water hyacinth". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190387.
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Domestic wastewater is one of the most interested environmental issues in Vietnam, especially in big cities and suburban residential areas. Most of the wastewater was not treated in the right way before discharging to environment. In this research, the author used water hyacinth as a main aquatic plant in aquatic pond model to treat wastewater. The experiment was operated continuously in 1 year with hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 11 and 18 days. Hydraulic loading rate (HRL) is 300 and 500 m3/ha/day, respectively. Treatment efficiency of the model for TSS is 90% (remaining 6 -12mg/l); COD, BOD5 is 63 - 81% (remaining 10 - 48mg/l); TP is 48 – 50% (remaining 3.5 - 9.8mg/l); TKN is 63 - 75% (remaining 8 - 17mg/l). Polluted parameters in effluent were lower than A and B levels of Vietnam standard QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT and QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. The doubling time of water hyacinth in summer is 18days, and in autumn and winter is 28.5 days. Experiment results showed that we can use water hyacinth in aquatic pond to treat domestic wastewater with medium scale. We can apply this natural treatment method for residential areas by utilizing existing natural ponds and abandoned agricultural land with capacity up to 500m3/ha day. However, to get better efficiency we should combine with other aquatic plant species to treat wastewater and improve environmental landscapeNước thải – xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt hiện đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm tại Việt Nam nhất là tại các thành phố lớn và các khu dân cư. Hầu hết lượng nước thải chưa được xử lý đúng cách trước khi thải ra môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, tác giả sử dụng mô hình hồ thủy sinh và sử dụng cây Bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt của một khu dân thuộc huyện Từ Liêm, tại khu vực này nước thải bị thải trực tiếp vào sông Nhuệ. Thực nghiệm đã được tiến hành trong khoảng thời gian một năm, trải qua các mùa của khu vực miền Bắc với hai chế độ vận hành HRT là 18 và 11 ngày, tương ứng với tải trọng thủy lực HRL là 300 và 500 m3/ha/ngày. Kết quả cho thấy mô hình thủy sinh sử dụng cây bèo lục bình cho kết quả tốt, hiệu suất xử lý với các chất ô nhiễm đạt được như sau: chất rắn lơ lửng đạt 90%, COD, BOD5 đạt 63 - 81%, Phốt pho tổng giảm tới 48 -50%, Nitơ tổng giảm tới 63 - 75%. Hàm lượng các chất ô nhiễm trong nước thải đầu ra của mô hình đều thấp hơn ngưỡng A và B của các tiêu chuẩn QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT và QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. Bên cạnh đó tác giả cũng đã xác định định được tốc độ sinh trưởng của cây bèo tại khu vực miền Bắc là 18 ngày vào mùa hè và 28.5 ngày vào mùa thu đông. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có thể sử dụng bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt, với qui mô vừa và nhỏ và nên áp dụng cho các khu vực ven đô, nông thôn nơi có diện tích đất rộng hoặc tại các hồ sinh thái của các khu đô thị. Tuy nhiên, để hiệu quả tốt hơn ta cần kết hợp với nhiều loại thực vật thủy sinh khác để ngoài tác dụng xử lý nước thải mà còn tạo cảnh quan môi trường xung quanh
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Fuelling, Megan. "Mitigations of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Health Crisis: How Menstrual Freedoms Became Restricted and Menstruators Became Responsible". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1387.
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This paper aims to argue that TSS prevention has been and continues to be the responsibility of the menstruator and that this responsibility restricts menstrual freedoms. First, this paper will demonstrate that tampons were an integral part of menstrual culture when the TSS health crisis began in 1980. Secondly, the efforts of the CDC to mitigate, how the mitigations played out in print media, and what tampon manufacturers were doing will be analyzed to argue that mitigations restricted menstrual freedom while simultaneously making any future occurrence of TSS a product of user error. Finally, the current preventative advice given to menstruators, current CDC activity, and current scientific understandings and activity are analyzed to argue that menstruators are still restricted and made responsible for TSS today.
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Storm, Willy y Marcus Wessman. "Tillämpning av utkik enligt TSFS 2012:67 : En studie om hur seniorbefäl tolkar och förhåller sig till kraven om utkik ombord på ett urval svenska passagerarfartyg". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-25560.
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Denna studie berör de regler och reglementen som behandlar ett passagerarfartygs utkik, som återfinns i Transportstyrelsens författningssamling TSFS 2012:67. Dessa regler är framtagna av Transportstyrelsen och ska gälla för samtliga fartyg som seglar under svensk flagg. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur fartygens seniorbefäl tolkar och förhåller sig till ovannämnda regler. Undersökningen har genomförts genom intervjuer ombord på fem passagerarfartyg. Respektive intervju utfördes med ett seniorbefäl ombord på vardera fartyg. För att få en så rättvisande studie som möjligt har intervjuer också utförts med personal på Transportstyrelsen. Frågorna som ställdes ombord på fartygen speglar de svar vi fått under mötet med personal på myndigheten. Resultatet av vad vi kom fram till påvisar att medvetenheten är hög vad gäller föreskrifterna. Undersökningen visar också att avsteg görs från att följa reglerna, normalt sett efter bedömning om huruvida det är säkert eller inte. Rutiner ombord är ofta utformade efter två parametrar, till största delen med hänsyn tagen till regelverket men också för att arbetet ombord ska löpa så smidigt som möjligt. De dagliga arbetsrutinerna anses inte få styras av regelverket så till den grad att befälhavarna upplever regelverket som ett hinder. Sammanfattningsvis påvisar studien att kombinationen av att tillgodose samtliga krav vad gäller utkik, samt utföra ett arbete som löper så smidigt som möjligt är svårt att uppfylla.This study treats the rules and regulations which concern a passenger vessel look out, given in the regulations TSFS 2012:67. These regulations are imposed by the Swedish transport agency and cover all vessels sailing under the Swedish flag. The purpose of this study is to find out how senior deck officers on board Swedish passenger vessels interpret and apply the above mentioned regulation. We have completed this study through interviews on board five passenger vessels which are sailing under the Swedish flag. To receive a fair study the Swedish transport agency has been interviewed, and the questions asked on board the vessels have been designed with the information received by the transport agency in mind. The result of the study shows that the knowledge about the regulations is high among the senior deck officers. Despite this, the study also shows that deviations from these regulations sometimes are made, usually after a risk assessment made by the officer on watch or the captain. The routines on board are formed mostly with the regulations in mind but the routines are also formed in such way that the work on board can proceed as smooth as possible. The daily work routines are not considered to be governed by the regulations to the extent that the masters perceive the regulations as an obstacle. In conclusion, the study shows that the combination of meeting all the requirements in the terms of look out and do a job which runs as smoothly as possible is hard to meet.
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Hanson, Nathan T. "Characterization and Removal Efficiency Comparison of Bioretention Soil Media Mixtures". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1891.
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Bioretention cells have become a commonly used green infrastructure technique to help infiltrate and remove contaminants from stormwater runoff. Bioretention cells are constructed from a layered or heterogeneous soil mixture designed to optimize their ability to infiltrate influent stormwater and remove contaminants carried by the water as it filters through the soil media. The soil mixture, composition, and planting vary depending the local regulatory agencies. As urbanization occurs across the United States, more natural land is converted from pervious surfaces, such as grasslands and forests, to impervious surfaces such as asphalt and concrete, to help reduce the impact of the runoff generated by this increased flow bioretention cells are an often-used method to treat stormwater. These impervious surfaces do not allow rainfall to infiltrate, and the water runs off into receiving water bodies such as rivers and streams as a non-point source pollutant. To help reduce pollutant loadings into receiving water bodies, Low Impact Development (LID) techniques were developed to reduce stormwater volume, peak flow, and contaminant loading rates. The bioretention cell is one of the most popular LID techniques and is comprised of a soil media that is either a layered or homogenous media, which is built following a regional agency’s standard. The performance of bioretention soil media is highly variable depending on the amount of each soil constituent present in the media.
This study compares five different soil mixtures from various agencies’ specifications to determine which media composition is most effective at removing total suspended solids (TSS) and nitrates, two of the most prevalent contaminates carried by stormwater. This study also compares mixtures’ hydraulic conductivity which determines the volume of water that the media can infiltrate and “treat”. To perform these tests, six columns of soil media were constructed with media depths of 91.5 cm (36 inches). Columns were dosed with either tap water (Phase I) or a synthetic stormwater blend (Phase II) to determine the amount of TSS and nitrate exported by each mixture. The soil mixture in each column was characterized to understand how soil characteristics effect the performance of the various media mixtures.
The bioretention soil media columns were all shown to be effective at removing influent TSS with an average removal rate of over 88% across all the columns, ranging from 99.9% removal to 73.6% removal. Most bioretention soil mixtures used in the test were shown to be ineffective at removing influent nitrates, with breakthrough of nitrate occurring after the first two pore volumes. Interestingly, the media with higher organic content were more effective at removing nitrates, with removal rates as high as 59.9% compared to the media with lower organic content. Hydraulic conductivity was also highly variable across the various soil media mixtures depending on the percentage of sand and fine media particles present in the media. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from a high value of 42 cm/hr to a low of 8.3 cm/hr. By comparing these results, a more effective bioretention soil media mixture can become agency standard and allow bioretention cells to have more consistent and better performance.