Tesis sobre el tema "Troposphère – Dynamique"
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Leroy, Céline. "Analyse dynamique de la pollution de l'air dans la troposphère". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0206.
Texto completoThe characterization and the forecast of air pollution episodes require a combined chemical and weather approach. So, in this work the relations between the meteorological situation and the air pollution. Thereby, a field campaign associating weather, micrometeorological and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene and Xylenes) compounds was carried out during six months in Dunkirk. Measurements of turbulent flows were used to evaluate the dispersive capacity of the atmosphere during anticyclonic and depressionary periods, front passages and sea breeze episodes. This study showed in particular that the sea breeze was responsible of the most important pollution episodes of the measurements period. In order to apprehend the three-dimensional dynamic aspect of the breeze and consequently, the pollution behaviour in altitude, the structure of a sea breeze episode was characterized from optical and acoustic teledetection instruments and numerical simulations. The study of the background pollution occured in the neighbouring of the monitoring site of the “Pic du Midi de Bigorre” (PDM) in the Pyrenees (France). Previous studies revealed an atypical behavior of the ozone cycle in summer period, resulting in a decline of ozone in the middle of day. In order to study experimentally the role of the local weather phenomena, the vertical profiles of the ozone and of the extinction coefficient were measured with a differential absorption lidar in the vicinity of the PDM
Radola, Bastien. "Modélisation à l'échelle moléculaire des aérosols carbonés dans la troposphère". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD080/document.
Texto completoIn this PhD work, molecular simulation methods have been used in order to model, at the molecular scale, the interaction between carbonaceous aerosols andvarious atmospheric species. The aim wasto characterize the physico-chemical properties of these aerosols, which play a major role in climate forcing, in particular through their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei.First, molecular dynamics techniques have been applied to determine the structure of carboxylic acid aggregates on which water molecules are adsorbed. The results of our simulations show an influence of the temperature, of the humidity and of the type of carboxylic acid considered on the global behavior of the aggregates. By contrast,a mixture of different types of acid molecules has no influence on this behavior. Secondly, quantum molecular simulation techniques have been applied to study the chlorination of soot surfaces, modeled by large PAHs, and their behavior with respect to water molecules adsorption. The results show a strong propensity of Cl, Cl2and HCl species to form chlorinated PAHsthanks to the presence of structural defects.These chlorinated structures show as trong hydrophilicity, which may explain the strong hygroscopic nature of soots emitted by industrial fires
Canneaux, Sébastien. "Etude théorique de processus atmosphériques : réaction du radical OH avec l'acétone et capture d'un composé organique volatil par une goutte d'eau : thèse pour le doctorat en sciences spécialité Chimie Informatique et Théorique". Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000053.pdf.
Texto completoThe air pollution becomes more and more a topical question. It is now necessary to understand the causes and the consequences of this pollution. This PhD's work becomes integrated in this filed. An introduction shows the main atmospheric processes, and quantum or classical calculation methods which are used. First, this PhD's work includes a contribution to the writting of the KISTHEP software for thermodynamic properties calculations, which are computed from ab initio calculations. Then, a study concerning one of the acetone atmospheric decomposition pathway (reaction with the OH radical) is presented. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of a kinetic model implying a great number of coupled reactional processes. The " non-Arrhenius " behaviour of this reaction suggested the competition of several degradation pathways. Finally in a last part, a study concerning the uptake of Volatil Organic Compounds by a water droplet was carried out. The presence of water droplets in the troposphere involves a multiphasic chemistry. This chemistry is still badly known. This work consisted in importing and testing the softwares necessary to the calculation of mass accommodation coefficient
Donnadille, Jérôme. "Dynamique d'altitude dans un cas de cyclogenèse au Nord du courant-jet polaire pendant Fastex : étude diagnostique et numérique". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30164.
Texto completoMorel, Béatrice. "Impact de la troposphère sur le transport isentropique dans la stratosphère via les ondes planétaires de Rossby". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066566.
Texto completoSemane, Noureddine. "Etude par simulation et assimilation de la composition chimique et des échanges dans la haute troposphère-basse stratosphère". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/893/.
Texto completoAs in meteorology and oceanography, data assimilation combines in an optimal way chemistry-transport models and observations. In this work, the assimilation of remote-sensing chemical measurements of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) aims at better characterizing their three-dimensional distributions. The objective is to get insight into the coupled chemical and dynamical phenomena in the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS). This work uses two complementary tools in Météo-France: one is based on the three dimensional chemistry and transport model MOCAGE and the PALM software of CERFACS using the 3D-FGAT variational technique; the other is an extension of the operational suite of the numerical weather prediction ARPEGE using the 4D-Var variational technique. On one hand, the assimilated fields (MOCAGE-PALM analyses) are used for the study of the polar stratospheric chemistry and dynamics and also for the meridional transport and stratosphere-troposphere exchanges. On the other hand, the chemistry-dynamics coupled assimilation in ARPEGE is used to assess the dynamical impact of ozone observation in the UTLS region
Augustin, Patrick. "Analyse par lidar de la dynamique spatiotemporelle de la basse troposphère au cours d'évènements météorologiques locaux : impact sur la qualité de l'air". Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0131.
Texto completoThe circulations of local air masses play a primordial role on the air quality in coastal, urban and industrial areas. The understanding of the lower troposphere dynamic is necessary to predict atmospheric pollution events. In this context, the combination of remote sensing devices aund ground stations gives a better understanding of the structure and dynamic of the lower troposphere during local meteorological events. The ESCOMPTE campaign was able to characterise polluants emission, dynamic and the atmospheric chemistry composition of Marseille-Berre region in order to test and validate photochemical models by the comparison of experimental data set obtained at ground level, from airborne measurement platform and by ground based remote sensing devices ( UV and IR lidar, UHF radar, sodar). The lidar of the University du Littoral-Côte d'Opale measured the vertical distribution of ozone and extinction coefficient near Marseille which is influenced by the coastline, the relief and the dense urban area. The analysis of the fine structure of the complex stratification observedduring photochemical pollution events, highlighted the importance of the confrontation between the sea breezes, influencing the urban boundary layer pollutant transport. The sea breeze of the highly industrialised coastline of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region was characterised by the use of the UV lidar, a sodar and ground based measurements. This permitted the determination of the sharp vertical structure and the temporal evolution of the sea breeze demonstrating its influence on the vertical and horizontal pollution dispersion
Boissinot, Alexandre. "Modélisation de la dynamique atmosphérique de Jupiter". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS075.
Texto completoThe extremely dynamic atmosphere of Jupiter is characterised by alternated jets, a strong convective activity and an equatorial super-rotation whose formation mechanisms are poorly understood. In this thesis, we adopt a numerical modelling approach of the jovian weather layer to investigate those formation mechanisms. We use the global climate model DYNAMICO-giant which allows for simulating the atmospheric flow at high resolution with a realistic radiative transfer. In order to improve our model by way of more realistic forcings of the flow, we adapted the "thermal plume model", a terrestrial parametrization of the moist convection, to Jupiter's atmosphere. Thus our simulations recreate spontaneously some of the most essential features of the jovian atmosphere such as alternated jets, the zonostrophic regime of the flow and an inverse cascade of energy which shows jets forcing by the mesoscale turbulence. On the other hand, an equatorial superrotation is not systematically reproduced and seems to require a sufficiently high water atmospheric abundance. Optimal results are obtained for a jovian atmospheric abundance of water close to the one which was measured by the Juno mission
Vancassel, Xavier. "Modélisation microphysique de la formation et de l'évolution d'aérosols et de leurs précurseurs dans les sillages d'avions". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13023.
Texto completoCivil aviation has known for years and mainly in the developed countries an exceptional growth. This one has unfortunately been followed by an increase in the associated harmful effects, especially polluting emissions. Aircraft as any vehicle propelled by a system with combustion emits various residues such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, water etc. The main interest carried to these gas emissions, in particular within the framework of "the greenhouse effect" studies tends to mask less direct consequences, in particular the potential effects of the aerosols formed in plumes. The low temperatures reached at typical altitudes of flight (approximately 10000 m) cause indeed a fast condensation of certain species in gas phase which, in an expanding plume, are likely to form new particles having potentially chemical and radiative impacts which could modify the stratospheric equilibrium. In order to determine the features of these particles (size distribution, concentration etc. ) and to make predictions, the main processes of formation and evolution of aerosols (nucleation, growth etc. ) have been considered in a model, based on collision mechanisms. The system we have studied has been simplified by considering a gas phase water and sulphuric acid binary mixture and a primary aerosol (soot particles). The model has thus been applied to real aircraft plumes (Concorde for instance) but also to a combustion chamber on a test rig. The results, coming in particular from many sensitivity studies, should improve our understanding of the microphysical processes occurring in a plume and should also make us contribute to establish correlations between aircraft emissions and their impacts on the atmospheric equilibrium
Charnay, Benjamin. "Dynamique troposphérique et évolution climatique de Titan et de la Terre primitive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066034.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the study of the atmospheres of Titan and the early Earth with Global Climate Models (GCM). First, I analysed the thermal structure and the dynamics of Titan's lower troposphere. This analysis allowed a full caracterization of the planetary boundary layer and revealed the existence of a boundary layer circulation which impacts every aspect of Titan's weather (wind patterns, atmospheric waves, dune and cloud formation, exchange of momentum with the surface, and development of the superrotation). Thanks to this study, I proposed a new hypothesis to explain the eastward orientation of Titan's dunes that implies a coupling between tropical storms and the superrotation. This has been validated with mesoscale simulations and provided a general framework to explain Titan's dune formation and features. Then, I participated to the development of a generic GCM, designed to study any kind of atmosphere. I applied it to Titan's paleoclimates, when the atmosphere was depleted of methane. In such a case, the climate should have been different from today, with potentially fundamental geological consequences, in particular for the erosion and the age of the surface. Finally, I applied this GCM to the case of the early Earth using greenhouse gas abundances constrained by mineralogical data. I showed that despite a weaker solar insolation, the Archean Earth's climate may have been temperate. In particular, the Earth may have avoided a full glaciation and remained suitable for the development of life thanks to cloud feedback, even assuming a amount of CO2 just a little larger than today
Angot, Guillaume. "Contribution des échauffements stratosphériques à la variabilité et à l'évolution à long terme de la moyenne atmosphère : observations et modélisations numériques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056057.
Texto completoCanneaux, Sébastien Bohr Frédéric. "Etude théorique de processus atmosphériques". Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000053.pdf.
Texto completoCammas, Jean-Pierre. "Circulation ageostrophique dans les systemes jet-fronts : une etude prospective du couplage dynamique haute et basse troposphere". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21134.
Texto completoForêt, Gilles. "Etude numérique multi échelle des processus dynamiques et photochimique contrôlant les distributions troposphériques de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs : impact des circulations locales et de la convection profonde dans le cadre de l'expérience INDOEX". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22449.
Texto completoHadad, Dani. "Analyse de la vapeur d’eau atmosphérique et des processus dynamiques associés". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC038/document.
Texto completoIn the context of global warming and climate change, it is important to study the distributions, seasonal cycles and trends of trace gases in the atmosphere such as water vapor. of the Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand is in charge of several observation devices including the instrumented site Cézeaux, Opme and Puy de Dôme (CO-PDD) located near the center of France (45◦ N, 3◦ E). The site of Cézeaux is instrumented by a Rayleigh - Mie–LIDAR Raman providing routine vertical profiles of water vapor mixing ratio and optical parameters characterizing cirrus clouds. The puy de Dôme site is equipped with an optical cavity spectroscope (CRDS-Picarro). Measurements of total water vapor columns are available on all these sites by GPS. The Opme site is equipped with rain gauges. Finally, Météo-France performs the quality control work and of data on meteorological stations in France and these data were used in this thesis. The validation of the puy de Dôme data was the first the first task in this thesis. Comparisons between the puy de Dôme data sets showed a very good agreement between the water vapor datafrom the OPGC meteorological station of Puy de Dôme, Météo France and CRDS data with a correlation of 0.94 and 0.98 respectively. The vertical profiles deduced from the LIDAR allowed to identify a water vapor anomaly and a stratosphere-troposphere intrusion associated with this anomaly. OLR data showed that this intrusion could be linked with deep convection and LACYTRAJ confirms the stratospheric origin of a part of the air mass present above Clermont-Ferrand. Long series of observations (eg Puy de Dôme 1995-2015) and ECMWF ERA-Interim re-analysis (1979-2017) and the diversity of data sources (eg AIRS and COSMIC satellites), allowed us to document, analyze and compare the variability, cycles and trend of surface and tropospheric water vapor at different time scales and determine the geophysical processes responsible for water vapor distributions at the site of CO-PDD. The annual cycle of water vapor is clearly established for the two sites of different altitudes and for all types of measurement. Cézeaux and puy de Dôme present almost no diurnal cycle, suggesting that the variability of surface water vapor at this site is more influenced by a sporadic meteorological system than by regular diurnal variations. The LIDAR dataset shows a greater monthly variability of the vertical distribution than the COSMIC and AIRS satellite products. The Cézeaux site presents a positive trend for the GPS water vapor total column (0.42 ± 0.45 g/kg*decade during 2006–2017) and a significant negative trend for the surface water vapor mixing ratio (−0.16 ± 0.09 mm/decade during 2002–2017). The multi-linear regression analysis shows that continental forcings (East Atlantic Pattern and East Atlantic-West Russia Pattern) have a larger influence than oceanic forcing (North Atlantic Oscillation) on the water vapor variations
Bittencourt, Gabriela Dornelles. "Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole and Atmospheric Dynamics on Ozone in Southern Brazil". Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0018.
Texto completoThe austral spring in the Southern Hemisphere presents temporary reductions in ozone content mainly in the Antarctic region known as the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH). However, studies show an influence in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, where days with temporary decreases in the total ozone column (TCO) are identified. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate this influence of AOH on the southern region of Brazil, using data from the total ozone column and vertical profiles that will help to identify the preferential height at which these decreases occur in southern Brazil, in addition to analyzing the atmospheric dynamic behavior during these events in the period 42 years of data (1979 to 2020). The methodology used comprises the analysis of average daily data of the total column of ozone through surface instruments (Brewer Spectrophotometer), satellite data (TOMS and OMI), and to compare reanalysis data from the ECMWF-ERA5, for the identification of events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil. The analysis of the vertical content of O3 data from the TIMED/SABER satellite provides daily data from 15 to 105 km in height and has 17 years of O3 profiles available in the period from 2002 to 2018. The validation of these data was necessary, and for that the SHADOZ network of ozonesondes measurements was used to carry out this validation through the tropical season in Natal/RN as a reference. This validation showed a good agreement between the two instruments, enabling the use of SABER for the analysis of AOH influence events. From this, 102 events were identified that influenced Santa Maria/RS with a temporary decrease in O3 content during the period, and with an average drop between 24 - 28.1 km in altitude. In the dynamic analysis, the stratospheric fields showed an increase in the potential vorticity in the average of the events, mainly in the months of September and October. In the dynamics of the vertical section of the atmosphere, the constant presence of stratospheric and tropospheric jets in the average of the events, indicates a strong influence that these systems have during the occurrence of the AOH secondary effect events on Santa Maria/RS
A primavera austral no Hemisfério Sul apresenta reduções temporárias do conteúdo de ozônio principalmente na região Antártica conhecida como Buraco de Ozônio Antártico (AOH). Porém, estudos mostram uma influência sob regiões de médias latitudes, como o Sul do Brasil, onde são identificados dias com diminuições temporárias da coluna total de ozônio (CTO). Com isso, o objetivo principal dessa tese é investigar essa influência do AOH sobre a região sul do Brasil, utilizando dados da coluna total de ozônio e de perfis verticais que vão ajudar a identificar a altura preferencial em que essas diminuições ocorrem no sul do Brasil, além de analisar o comportamento dinâmico atmosférico durante esses eventos no período 42 anos de dados (1979 a 2020). A metodologia utilizado compreende a análise de dados médios diários da coluna total de ozônio através de instrumentos de superfície (Espectrofotômetro Brewer), dados de satélites (TOMS e OMI), e para comparação dados de reanálise do ECMWF-ERA5, para a identificação de eventos de influência do AOH sobre a região Sul do Brasil. A análise do conteúdo vertical de O3 dados do satélite TIMED/SABER disponibilizam dados diários de 15 a 110 km de altura e possuem 17 anos de perfis de O3 disponíveis no período de 2002 a 2018. A validação desses dados se fez necessária, e para isso foi utilizada a rede SHADOZ de medidas de ozonesondes para realizar essa validação através da estação tropical em Natal/RN como referência. Essa validação apresentou uma boa concordância entre os dois instrumentos, viabilizando o uso do SABER para as análises dos eventos de influência do AOH. A partir disso, foram identificados 102 eventos que influenciaram Santa Maria/RS com diminuição temporária no conteúdo de O3 durante o período, e com queda média entre 24 e 28,1 km de altitude. Nas análises dinâmicas os campos estratosféricos mostraram o aumento da vorticidade potencial na média dos eventos, principalmente nos meses de setembro e outubro. Na dinâmica do corte vertical da atmosfera a presença constante dos jatos estratosféricos e troposféricos na média dos eventos, indica forte influência que esses sistemas possuem durante a ocorrência dos eventos de efeito secundário do AOH sobre Santa Maria/RS
SORTAIS, JEAN-LUC. "Etude d'un couplage dynamique entre haute et basse troposphere : utilisation du modele meso-echelle salsa sur la situation frontale du 11 novembre 1987". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21335.
Texto completoOuzeau, Gaëlle. "Influence de la stratosphère sur la variabilité et la prévisibilité climatique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983111.
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